MX2020004131A - Catalizadores de craqueo ultra bajos en sosa estabilizados con magnesio. - Google Patents

Catalizadores de craqueo ultra bajos en sosa estabilizados con magnesio.

Info

Publication number
MX2020004131A
MX2020004131A MX2020004131A MX2020004131A MX2020004131A MX 2020004131 A MX2020004131 A MX 2020004131A MX 2020004131 A MX2020004131 A MX 2020004131A MX 2020004131 A MX2020004131 A MX 2020004131A MX 2020004131 A MX2020004131 A MX 2020004131A
Authority
MX
Mexico
Prior art keywords
catalytic cracking
ultra low
fluid catalytic
low soda
cracking catalysts
Prior art date
Application number
MX2020004131A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Yuying Shu
Richard F Wormsbecher
Kevin J Sutovich
Ranjit Kumar
Michael S Ziebarth
Wu-Cheng Cheng
Original Assignee
Grace W R & Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Grace W R & Co filed Critical Grace W R & Co
Publication of MX2020004131A publication Critical patent/MX2020004131A/es

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
    • B01J29/084—Y-type faujasite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/061—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof containing metallic elements added to the zeolite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/16—Clays or other mineral silicates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
    • B01J27/125—Halogens; Compounds thereof with scandium, yttrium, aluminium, gallium, indium or thallium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
    • B01J37/0027—Powdering
    • B01J37/0045—Drying a slurry, e.g. spray drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/0072—Preparation of particles, e.g. dispersion of droplets in an oil bath
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/06—Washing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/08—Heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G11/02—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G11/04—Oxides
    • C10G11/05—Crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G11/02—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G11/08—Halides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
    • C10G11/18—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
    • B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
    • B01J2229/18—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
    • B01J2229/186—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself not in framework positions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
    • B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
    • B01J2229/20—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements in the catalyst composition comprising the molecular sieve, but not specially in or on the molecular sieve itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
    • B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
    • B01J2229/38—Base treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
    • B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
    • B01J2229/42—Addition of matrix or binder particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/80—Mixtures of different zeolites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/90—Regeneration or reactivation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/70—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their crystalline properties, e.g. semi-crystalline
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0201—Impregnation

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)

Abstract

Catalizador particulado de craqueo catalítico fluido, libre de tierras raras y ultra bajo en sosa, que comprende una zeolita de sosa reducida que tiene capacidad de craqueo catalítico fluido en condiciones de craqueo catalítico fluido, una sal de magnesio, un aglutinante inorgánico, arcilla y, opcionalmente, un material de matriz. El catalizador de craqueo catalítico es útil en un proceso de craqueo catalítico fluido para proporcionar una mayor actividad catalítica y una mejor selectividad para coque e hidrógeno, sin la necesidad de incorporar metales de tierras raras.
MX2020004131A 2012-07-23 2015-01-22 Catalizadores de craqueo ultra bajos en sosa estabilizados con magnesio. MX2020004131A (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201261674527P 2012-07-23 2012-07-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
MX2020004131A true MX2020004131A (es) 2020-08-13

Family

ID=49997766

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
MX2015001077A MX376692B (es) 2012-07-23 2013-07-23 Catalizadores de craqueo ultra bajos en sosa estabilizados con magnesio.
MX2020004131A MX2020004131A (es) 2012-07-23 2015-01-22 Catalizadores de craqueo ultra bajos en sosa estabilizados con magnesio.

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
MX2015001077A MX376692B (es) 2012-07-23 2013-07-23 Catalizadores de craqueo ultra bajos en sosa estabilizados con magnesio.

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US20150202602A1 (es)
EP (1) EP2874744B1 (es)
JP (1) JP6307074B2 (es)
KR (1) KR102151830B1 (es)
CN (1) CN104487167B (es)
BR (1) BR112015001606A2 (es)
CA (1) CA2879527C (es)
IN (1) IN2015DN00101A (es)
MX (2) MX376692B (es)
RU (1) RU2700409C2 (es)
TW (1) TWI611014B (es)
WO (1) WO2014018484A1 (es)
ZA (1) ZA201500188B (es)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2599720C1 (ru) * 2015-07-08 2016-10-10 Акционерное общество "Газпромнефть - Омский НПЗ" Катализатор для осуществления реакций межмолекулярного переноса водорода и способ его приготовления
PL3873876T3 (pl) 2018-11-02 2023-12-27 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Wytwarzanie etylenu przez odwodornienie oksydacyjne etanu
KR102134292B1 (ko) * 2020-02-11 2020-07-15 주식회사 에스엔텍솔루숀 플라즈마 저온산화 흡착촉매 탈취기 및 탈취방법
AR123123A1 (es) 2020-08-03 2022-11-02 Shell Int Research Proceso integrado de producción de etileno

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4242237A (en) * 1979-05-31 1980-12-30 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Hydrocarbon cracking catalyst and process utilizing the same
US4308129A (en) * 1979-09-28 1981-12-29 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Octane improvement cracking catalyst
CA1194465A (en) * 1981-08-10 1985-10-01 William A. Welsh Zeolite catalyst manufacture
US4458023A (en) * 1981-08-10 1984-07-03 W. R. Grace & Co. Catalyst manufacture
MX156975A (es) * 1981-08-10 1988-10-18 Grace W R & Co Mejoras en metodo para preparar una composicion catalizadora
JPH01111446A (ja) * 1987-10-23 1989-04-28 Nippon Oil Co Ltd 炭化水素転化触媒
DE3867421D1 (de) * 1987-10-23 1992-02-13 Nippon Oil Co Ltd Katalysatoren zur umwandlung von kohlenwasserstoffen.
JP3383071B2 (ja) * 1994-05-18 2003-03-04 出光興産株式会社 新規ゼオライト触媒及びその製造方法
JP3586544B2 (ja) * 1997-06-04 2004-11-10 触媒化成工業株式会社 炭化水素接触分解用触媒組成物
US8084383B2 (en) * 2004-03-16 2011-12-27 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Gasoline sulfur reduction catalyst for fluid catalytic cracking process
CN101119802B (zh) * 2004-12-21 2010-11-10 雅宝荷兰有限责任公司 Fcc催化剂及其制备和应用
TWI428180B (zh) * 2005-02-25 2014-03-01 Grace W R & Co 適用於流體化觸媒裂解程序之汽油硫減量觸媒
EP1888231A1 (en) * 2005-04-27 2008-02-20 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Compositions and processes for reducing nox emissions during fluid catalytic cracking
CA2793566C (en) * 2010-03-18 2020-09-29 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Process for making improved zeolite catalysts from peptized aluminas
EP2729553A4 (en) * 2011-07-06 2015-04-29 Reliance Ind Ltd METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR CATALYST / ADDITIVE TO REDUCE GAS LEAKAGE IN FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING (FCC) PROCESS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2879527A1 (en) 2014-01-30
CA2879527C (en) 2022-01-11
CN104487167A (zh) 2015-04-01
JP6307074B2 (ja) 2018-04-04
MX376692B (es) 2025-03-07
IN2015DN00101A (es) 2015-05-29
WO2014018484A1 (en) 2014-01-30
RU2700409C2 (ru) 2019-09-17
TWI611014B (zh) 2018-01-11
KR102151830B1 (ko) 2020-09-03
CN104487167B (zh) 2017-12-12
JP2015528744A (ja) 2015-10-01
EP2874744A1 (en) 2015-05-27
EP2874744B1 (en) 2023-06-14
US20150202602A1 (en) 2015-07-23
RU2015105982A (ru) 2016-09-10
ZA201500188B (en) 2020-02-26
EP2874744A4 (en) 2016-03-30
BR112015001606A2 (pt) 2017-07-04
KR20150036718A (ko) 2015-04-07
MX2015001077A (es) 2015-04-08
TW201410861A (zh) 2014-03-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
MX2015011706A (es) Conversion catalitica de alcoholes a hidrocarburos con bajo contenido de benceno.
MX2020004131A (es) Catalizadores de craqueo ultra bajos en sosa estabilizados con magnesio.
WO2012096744A3 (en) Rare earth-containing attrition resistant vanadium trap for catalytic cracking catalyst
MX2015012138A (es) Regeneracion de catalizador de pirolisis rapida catalitica.
BR112013030226A2 (pt) Catalisadores para acoplamento oxidativo de metano
GB2532133B (en) A system for treating exhaust gas generated by a combustion process comprising cerium-modified manganese OMS as catalysts for selective catalytic reduction
BR112013003706A2 (pt) processo para copolimerizar olefinas polimerizáveis, complexo de ligante-metal, catalisador e ligante
CU20100097A7 (es) Proceso de hidroconversión para crudos pesados y extra pesados y productos residuales
Першин et al. The research of high-strength dimension stone mining technological schemes in Russia and abroad
FI20085366A0 (fi) Hiilivetyjen katalyyttinen krakkaus
EP2604590A4 (en) METHOD FOR PRODUCING UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS AND DEHYDRATION CATALYST USED IN THIS PROCESS
EA201370235A1 (ru) Катализатор, содержащий оксид металла, для реакций алкилирования в боковой цепи
IN2015DN02041A (es)
CL2014000804A1 (es) Proceso para la alquilacion de isoparafinas con 2 a 10 atomos de carbono, que comprende pasar la isoparafina a un reactor de alquilacion, y pasar una olefina de 2 a 10 atomos de carbono al reactor de alquilacion que contiene un catalizador liquido ionico basado en fosfonio para generar un alquilato.
AR098840A1 (es) Control de azufre por deshidrogenación de propano
MX2015017980A (es) Conversion catalitica de alcohol con al menos tres atomos de carbono a una mezcla de hidrocarburos.
MX2015007293A (es) Proceso para convertir compuestos fenolicos en hidrocarburos aromaticos.
BR112012022580A8 (pt) óxidos metálicos inorgânicos ativados
WO2014023758A3 (en) Selective catalytic deoxygenation of biomass and catalysts therefor
ES2443539B1 (es) Proceso de oligomerización de alquenos utilizando la zeolita ITQ-39
AR080764A1 (es) Proceso para elaborar catalizadores a partir de zeolitas derivadas de arcilla
TW201129422A (en) Dehydrogenation catalyst with a water gas shift co-catalyst
TW200738589A (en) Use of modified zeolite catalysts in alkylation systems
MY163956A (en) Catalysts for improved cumene production and method of making and using same
IN2014DN08877A (es)