NL1008003C2 - Nanocomposiet-materiaal. - Google Patents

Nanocomposiet-materiaal. Download PDF

Info

Publication number: NL1008003C2
Authority: NL; Netherlands
Prior art keywords: anions; layered double; double hydroxide; nanocomposite material; polymer matrix
Prior art date: 1998-01-09

Application number

NL1008003A

Other languages

English (en)

Dutch (nl)

Inventor

Hartmut Rudolf Fischer

Original Assignee

Tno

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1998-01-09

Filing date

1998-01-09

Publication date

1999-07-12

1998-01-09 Priority to NL1008003A priority Critical patent/NL1008003C2/nl

1998-01-09 Application filed by Tno filed Critical Tno

1999-01-08 Priority to JP2000527580A priority patent/JP2002500253A/ja

1999-01-08 Priority to EP99900363A priority patent/EP1045877B1/en

1999-01-08 Priority to DE69930609T priority patent/DE69930609T2/de

1999-01-08 Priority to KR1020007007573A priority patent/KR20010033982A/ko

1999-01-08 Priority to DE69902873T priority patent/DE69902873T2/de

1999-01-08 Priority to JP2000527581A priority patent/JP2002500254A/ja

1999-01-08 Priority to AT99900363T priority patent/ATE223940T1/de

1999-01-08 Priority to PCT/NL1999/000006 priority patent/WO1999035185A1/en

1999-01-08 Priority to CA002317643A priority patent/CA2317643C/en

1999-01-08 Priority to ES99900363T priority patent/ES2184403T3/es

1999-01-08 Priority to PCT/NL1999/000007 priority patent/WO1999035186A1/en

1999-01-08 Priority to US09/582,900 priority patent/US6365661B1/en

1999-01-08 Priority to DK99900363T priority patent/DK1045877T3/da

1999-01-08 Priority to EP99900362A priority patent/EP1045876B1/en

1999-01-08 Priority to BR9906830-3A priority patent/BR9906830A/pt

1999-01-08 Priority to AT99900362T priority patent/ATE321808T1/de

1999-01-08 Priority to AU18919/99A priority patent/AU747957B2/en

1999-01-08 Priority to CA002317641A priority patent/CA2317641C/en

1999-01-08 Priority to US09/582,901 priority patent/US6372837B1/en

1999-01-08 Priority to KR1020007007572A priority patent/KR20010033981A/ko

1999-01-08 Priority to BR9906822-2A priority patent/BR9906822A/pt

1999-01-08 Priority to AU18920/99A priority patent/AU744006B2/en

1999-01-08 Priority to PT99900363T priority patent/PT1045877E/pt

1999-07-12 Application granted granted Critical

1999-07-12 Publication of NL1008003C2 publication Critical patent/NL1008003C2/nl

Links

239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 56
150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 54
239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
-1 hydroxy, amino Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims description 11
229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 4
238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims 3
125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 2
238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 20
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 3
238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Chemical class 0.000 description 2
HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
229920000570 polyether Chemical class 0.000 description 2
239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
MRERMGPPCLQIPD-NBVRZTHBSA-N (3beta,5alpha,9alpha,22E,24R)-3,5,9-Trihydroxy-23-methylergosta-7,22-dien-6-one Chemical compound C1C(O)CCC2(C)C(CCC3(C(C(C)/C=C(\C)C(C)C(C)C)CCC33)C)(O)C3=CC(=O)C21O MRERMGPPCLQIPD-NBVRZTHBSA-N 0.000 description 1
QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910020038 Mg6Al2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 1
239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
125000005496 phosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920002492 poly(sulfone) Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 description 1
238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
229920001601 polyetherimide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000005077 polysulfide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229920001021 polysulfide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
150000008117 polysulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals

Landscapes

Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
Glass Compositions (AREA)
Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
Other Resins Obtained By Reactions Not Involving Carbon-To-Carbon Unsaturated Bonds (AREA)
Dental Preparations (AREA)

NL1008003A 1998-01-09 1998-01-09 Nanocomposiet-materiaal. NL1008003C2 (nl)

Priority Applications (24)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
NL1008003A NL1008003C2 (nl)	1998-01-09	1998-01-09	Nanocomposiet-materiaal.
DK99900363T DK1045877T3 (da)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	Nanokompositmateriale
DE69930609T DE69930609T2 (de)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	Nanoverbundmaterial
KR1020007007573A KR20010033982A (ko)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	나노복합 물질
DE69902873T DE69902873T2 (de)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	Nanoverbundmaterial
JP2000527581A JP2002500254A (ja)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	ナノ複合材料
AT99900363T ATE223940T1 (de)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	Nanoverbundmaterial
PCT/NL1999/000006 WO1999035185A1 (en)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	Nanocomposite material
CA002317643A CA2317643C (en)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	Nanocomposite material
ES99900363T ES2184403T3 (es)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	Material nano-compuesto.
JP2000527580A JP2002500253A (ja)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	ナノ複合材料
US09/582,900 US6365661B1 (en)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	Nanocomposite material
BR9906830-3A BR9906830A (pt)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	Processo para preparar um material nanocompósito com base em uma matriz polimérica e um hidróxido de camada dupla, material nanocompósito, e, artigo conformado do mesmo
AU18920/99A AU744006B2 (en)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	Nanocomposite material
EP99900362A EP1045876B1 (en)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	Nanocomposite material
AT99900362T ATE321808T1 (de)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	Nanoverbundmaterial
AU18919/99A AU747957B2 (en)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	Nanocomposite material
CA002317641A CA2317641C (en)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	Nanocomposite material
US09/582,901 US6372837B1 (en)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	Nanocomposite material
KR1020007007572A KR20010033981A (ko)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	나노복합 물질
BR9906822-2A BR9906822A (pt)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	Material nanocompósito com base em uma matriz polìmerica e um hidróxido de camada dupla, processo para preparar o mesmo, hidróxido de camada dupla modificado, e, artigo conformado.
EP99900363A EP1045877B1 (en)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	Nanocomposite material
PT99900363T PT1045877E (pt)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	Material nanocomposito
PCT/NL1999/000007 WO1999035186A1 (en)	1998-01-09	1999-01-08	Nanocomposite material

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
NL1008003A NL1008003C2 (nl)	1998-01-09	1998-01-09	Nanocomposiet-materiaal.
NL1008003		1998-01-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
NL1008003C2 true NL1008003C2 (nl)	1999-07-12

Family

ID=19766324

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
NL1008003A NL1008003C2 (nl)	1998-01-09	1998-01-09	Nanocomposiet-materiaal.

Country Status (14)

Country	Link
US (2)	US6372837B1 (da)
EP (2)	EP1045876B1 (da)
JP (2)	JP2002500254A (da)
KR (2)	KR20010033982A (da)
AT (2)	ATE321808T1 (da)
AU (2)	AU744006B2 (da)
BR (2)	BR9906830A (da)
CA (2)	CA2317641C (da)
DE (2)	DE69902873T2 (da)
DK (1)	DK1045877T3 (da)
ES (1)	ES2184403T3 (da)
NL (1)	NL1008003C2 (da)
PT (1)	PT1045877E (da)
WO (2)	WO1999035186A1 (da)

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DE19836580A1 (de) *	1998-08-12	2000-02-17	Sued Chemie Ag	Verbundmaterial mit Polymermatrix und anionisch interkalierten schichtförmigen Doppelhydroxiden
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US6447860B1 (en)	2000-05-12	2002-09-10	Pechiney Emballage Flexible Europe	Squeezable containers for flowable products having improved barrier and mechanical properties
US7588699B2 (en) *	2001-11-02	2009-09-15	The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration	Electrically conductive, optically transparent polymer/carbon nanotube composites and process for preparation thereof
AU2003207208A1 (en) *	2002-02-08	2003-09-02	Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha	Polyester resin composition and process for producing the same
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CA2485169C (en) *	2002-05-20	2013-03-26	Joseph C. Mcauliffe	Peptide derivatives, and their use for the synthesis of silicon-based composite materials
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DE10235571A1 (de) *	2002-08-03	2004-02-12	Clariant Gmbh	Verwendung von Salzen schichtartiger Doppelhydroxide als Ladungssteuermittel
KR100527945B1 (ko) *	2002-09-12	2005-11-09	현대자동차주식회사	장기내열성이 우수한 자동차 엔진커버 및 내·외장재용폴리아미드 나노복합체 수지 조성물
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GB0229810D0 (en)	2002-12-20	2003-01-29	Vantico Ag	Flame retardant polymer compositions
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CN1318455C (zh) *	2003-06-05	2007-05-30	中国科学技术大学	聚合物/层状双氢氧化物插层纳米复合材料及其制备方法
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US7199172B2 (en) *	2004-04-21	2007-04-03	Plastic Technologies, Inc.	Metal phosphonates and related nanocomposites
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Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
EP1045876A1 (en)	2000-10-25
DE69902873T2 (de)	2003-05-28
CA2317641C (en)	2009-09-01
JP2002500253A (ja)	2002-01-08
ATE321808T1 (de)	2006-04-15
AU747957B2 (en)	2002-05-30
AU1892099A (en)	1999-07-26
KR20010033981A (ko)	2001-04-25
CA2317641A1 (en)	1999-07-15
AU1891999A (en)	1999-07-26
DE69930609D1 (de)	2006-05-18
DK1045877T3 (da)	2003-01-20
AU744006B2 (en)	2002-02-14
EP1045877B1 (en)	2002-09-11
US6372837B1 (en)	2002-04-16
EP1045877A1 (en)	2000-10-25
ATE223940T1 (de)	2002-09-15
KR20010033982A (ko)	2001-04-25
WO1999035186A1 (en)	1999-07-15
BR9906830A (pt)	2000-10-17
CA2317643A1 (en)	1999-07-15
DE69902873D1 (de)	2002-10-17
PT1045877E (pt)	2003-01-31
CA2317643C (en)	2008-05-20
BR9906822A (pt)	2000-10-17
JP2002500254A (ja)	2002-01-08
EP1045876B1 (en)	2006-03-29
ES2184403T3 (es)	2003-04-01
WO1999035185A1 (en)	1999-07-15
US6365661B1 (en)	2002-04-02
DE69930609T2 (de)	2007-01-11

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
1999-09-01	PD2B	A search report has been drawn up
2011-08-10	V1	Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee	Effective date: 20110801

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