NO142013B - FLUID INLET / OUTLET ARM FOR CLOSED CONTAINERS - Google Patents
FLUID INLET / OUTLET ARM FOR CLOSED CONTAINERS Download PDFInfo
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- NO142013B NO142013B NO782971A NO782971A NO142013B NO 142013 B NO142013 B NO 142013B NO 782971 A NO782971 A NO 782971A NO 782971 A NO782971 A NO 782971A NO 142013 B NO142013 B NO 142013B
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- Prior art keywords
- polymerization
- aluminum
- titanium trichloride
- catalyst
- heptane
- Prior art date
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005234 alkyl aluminium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MGDOJPNDRJNJBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylaluminum Chemical compound [Al].C[CH2] MGDOJPNDRJNJBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical group CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021381 transition metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Epoxybutane Chemical compound CCC1CO1 RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMAOLVNGLTWICC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-5-methylbenzonitrile Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(F)C(C#N)=C1 CMAOLVNGLTWICC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
Anordning ved væskeinnløp/utløpsarmatur for lukkede beholdere.Device for liquid inlet / outlet fitting for closed containers.
Description
Fremgangsmåte for polymerisering av alfaolefiner, med 3-8 karbonatomer. Process for the polymerization of alpha olefins, with 3-8 carbon atoms.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en ny The present invention relates to a new
fremgangsmåte for polymerisering av olefiner, og mer spesielt en fremgangsmåte for process for polymerizing olefins, and more particularly a process for
polymerisering av alfaolefiner uten noen polymerization of alpha olefins without any
avgrening i 2-stillingen og som inneholder branching in the 2 position and containing
3—8 karbonatomer, i nærvær av en katalysator som i det vesentlige består av et al-kylaluminiumsesquihalogenid, er i det vesentlige amorft titantriklorid, og en epoksyforbindelse, og i nærvær av hydrogen. 3-8 carbon atoms, in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of an alkylaluminum sesquihalide, essentially amorphous titanium trichloride, and an epoxy compound, and in the presence of hydrogen.
Det er kjent at alfaolefiner kan polymeriseres i nærvær av en katalysator som It is known that alpha-olefins can be polymerized in the presence of a catalyst which
omfatter et overgangsmetallklorid, f. eks. comprises a transition metal chloride, e.g.
titantriklorid, og et aluminiumalkyl, f. eks. titanium trichloride, and an aluminum alkyl, e.g.
alurninSumtrietyl eller aluiminiumdietyl-klorid og danne faste krystalline polymerer alurnin Sumtriethyl or aluminum diethyl chloride and form solid crystalline polymers
som kan formes til formete gjenstander, which can be formed into shaped objects,
film og fibre. Disse aluminiumalkyler er film and fibres. These aluminum alkyls are
kostbare, men hittil har det ikke vært ansett brukelig å bruke aluminiumsesquihalogenider som lett kan fremstilles ved reak-sjon mellom halogenerte hydrokarboner og expensive, but so far it has not been considered practical to use aluminum sesquihalides, which can be easily produced by reaction between halogenated hydrocarbons and
aluminiumpulver, som katalysatorkompo-nenter, da det hittil har vært ansett, som aluminum powder, as catalyst components, as it has hitherto been considered, as
påpekt i U.S. patent nr. 2 951 066, at kombi-nasjonen av aluminiumsesquihalogenider pointed out in the U.S. patent no. 2,951,066, that the combination of aluminum sesquihalides
og overgangsmetallklorider ikke polymeri-serer olefiner til krystalline faste polymerer. and transition metal chlorides do not polymerize olefins into crystalline solid polymers.
Det har nå vist seg at katalysatorsystemer som omfatter et i det vesentlige It has now been shown that catalyst systems which comprise an essentially
amorft titantriklorid og alkylaluminium-sesquihalogenider kan sammensettes med amorphous titanium trichloride and alkyl aluminum sesquihalides can be compounded with
et epoksyd, f. eks. etylenoksyd, propylenoksyd, butylenoksyd eller amylenoksyd for an epoxy, e.g. ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or amylene oxide for
å danne katalysatorsystemer som har ak-(142013). to form catalyst systems that have ak-(142013).
tivitet som nærmer seg eller overgår akti-viteten av de katalysatorsystemer hvor det er brukt de kostbarere aluminiumdialkyl-halogenider, idet katalysatorsystemet anvendes sammen med en viss mengde hydrogen ved polymeriseringen. activity that approaches or exceeds the activity of the catalyst systems where the more expensive aluminum dialkyl halides are used, the catalyst system being used together with a certain amount of hydrogen during the polymerization.
Oppfinnelsen går således ut på en fremgangsmåte for polymerisering av alfaolefiner med 3—8 karbonatomer og som mangler sidekjede i 2-stillingen, fortrinnsvis propylen, hvor olefinet i et inert hydrokarbon-oppløsningsmiddel bringes i kon-takt med en katalysator som hovedsakelig består av et alkylalumlniumsesquihaloge-nid, fortrinnsvis etylaluminiumsesquiklo-rid, et i det vesentlige amorft titantriklorid og en ytterligere bestanddel, og det sær-egne ved fremgangsmåten i henhold til oppfinnelsen er at det som ytterligere bestanddel anvendes en epoksyforbindelse, fortrinnsvis etylenoksyd, propylenoksyd eller butylenoksyd, og at polymeriseringen utføres i nærvær av minst 5 deler pr. million hydrogen, basert på vekten av oppløs-ningsmidlet, hvorunder molforholdet mellom aluminiumsesquihalogenidet og epoksy-forbindelsen er fra 10:1 til 5:4. The invention thus concerns a method for the polymerization of alpha olefins with 3-8 carbon atoms and which lack a side chain in the 2-position, preferably propylene, where the olefin in an inert hydrocarbon solvent is brought into contact with a catalyst which mainly consists of an alkyl aluminum sesquihalogen -nide, preferably ethyl aluminum sesquichloride, an essentially amorphous titanium trichloride and a further component, and the peculiarity of the method according to the invention is that an epoxy compound is used as a further component, preferably ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide, and that the polymerization performed in the presence of at least 5 parts per million hydrogen, based on the weight of the solvent, wherein the molar ratio between the aluminum sesquihalide and the epoxy compound is from 10:1 to 5:4.
Det omtrent amorfe titantriklorid som kan brukes ved utførelsen av oppfinnelsen kan fremstilles ved å omsette titantetra-klorid med hydrogen eller metallisk alumi-nium eller titan slik at det dannes et titantriklorid som har krystallin struktur under røntgenbestråling. Den krystalline form av titantriklorid blir så behandlet fysisk, f. eks. ved behandling i kule- eller stav-mølle inntil omtrent hele dets kry-stallstruktur er blitt ødelagt. Hermed me-nes at røntgenstrålediffraksjonsstyrken er nedsatt til 10 pst. eller mindre av den som ble iakttatt med det ikke behandlete titantriklorid. I motsetning til det krystalline titantriklorid, vil amorft titantriklorid, når det sammensettes med et aluminiumsesquiT halogenid, polymerisere alfaolefiner til faste krystallinske polymerer, men polymeriseringshastigheten er så langsom at dette katalysatorsystem er ubrukelig i praksis. The roughly amorphous titanium trichloride that can be used in the execution of the invention can be produced by reacting titanium tetrachloride with hydrogen or metallic aluminum or titanium so that a titanium trichloride is formed which has a crystalline structure under X-ray irradiation. The crystalline form of titanium trichloride is then treated physically, e.g. by processing in a ball or rod mill until approximately its entire crystal structure has been destroyed. This means that the X-ray diffraction strength is reduced to 10 per cent or less of that observed with the untreated titanium trichloride. Unlike crystalline titanium trichloride, amorphous titanium trichloride, when combined with an aluminum sesquiT halide, will polymerize alpha olefins into solid crystalline polymers, but the rate of polymerization is so slow that this catalyst system is useless in practice.
Aluminiumsesquihalogenider som kan brukes som katalysatorkomponent har for-melen A1R1>5X1>6, hvor R er et alkyl-, aral-kyl- -eller aryi-radikal med fra 2 til 12 karbonatomer, fortrinnsvis etyl, propyl, butyl eller isobutyl. Aluminum sesquihalides that can be used as a catalyst component have the formula A1R1>5X1>6, where R is an alkyl, aralkyl or aryl radical with from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably ethyl, propyl, butyl or isobutyl.
Eksempler på aluminiumsesquihalogenider som kan brukes er aluminiumetyl-sesquiklorid, aluminiumetylsesquibromld, aluminiumpropylsesquiklorid og alumini-umfenylsesquiklorid. Molforholdet mellom aluminiumsesquihalogenid og titantriklorid bør ligge i området mellom 1:5 og 10:1 og fortrinnsvis mellom 1,5:1 og 3:1. Molforholdet mellom; alkylalumlniumsesquj-halogenid og epoksy-forbindelse skal være minst 5:4, da polymeriseringshastigheten blir meget liten ved lavere forhold og ved ennå lavere forhold finner det overhodet ikke sted noen polymerisering. Examples of aluminum sesquihalides that can be used are aluminum ethyl sesquichloride, aluminum ethyl sesquibromide, aluminum propyl sesquichloride and aluminum phenyl sesquichloride. The molar ratio between aluminum sesquihalide and titanium trichloride should lie in the range between 1:5 and 10:1 and preferably between 1.5:1 and 3:1. The molar ratio of; alkylaluminium sesquij halide and epoxy compound must be at least 5:4, as the rate of polymerization becomes very low at lower ratios and at even lower ratios no polymerization takes place at all.
Reaksjonsforholdene for polymeriseringen omfatter temperaturer fra 0°C til 250°C, fortrinnsvis 60—80°C, og trykk fra atmosfæretrykk til ca. 35 kg/cm?. Olefiner som kan pjolymeriseres med det nye katalysatorsystem omfatter alle alfaolefiner som har fra 3 til 8 karbonatomer, og som ikke har avgrening i 2-stillingen. Eksempler på slike olefiner er propylen, buten-1 og 4-metyl-penten-l. Når de olefiner som skal polymeriseres normalt er gassformet, er det å foretrekke å utføre reaksjonen i nærvær av et inert flytende reaksjonsmedium, fortrinnsvis et hydrokarbon, f. eks. heptan, heksan, isooktan, benzen eller to-luen. Når det olefin som skal polymeriseres normalt er flytende under de polymeriser-ingsf orhold som brukes, kan reaksjons-mediet sløyfes, men det er å foretrekke å bruke et reaksjonsmedium selv med normalt flytende olefiner, for å gjenvinne reaksjonsproduktet som en grøt som er lett å håndtere. The reaction conditions for the polymerization include temperatures from 0°C to 250°C, preferably 60-80°C, and pressures from atmospheric pressure to approx. 35 kg/cm?. Olefins that can be polymerized with the new catalyst system include all alpha olefins that have from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and that do not have branching in the 2-position. Examples of such olefins are propylene, butene-1 and 4-methyl-pentene-1. When the olefins to be polymerized are normally gaseous, it is preferable to carry out the reaction in the presence of an inert liquid reaction medium, preferably a hydrocarbon, e.g. heptane, hexane, isooctane, benzene or toluene. When the olefin to be polymerized is normally liquid under the polymerization conditions used, the reaction medium can be bypassed, but it is preferable to use a reaction medium even with normally liquid olefins, in order to recover the reaction product as a slurry which is easy to handle.
Når det således brukes et epoksyd som sammensetningsmiddel, øker reaksjons-hastigheten vesentlig ved at reaksjonen gjennomføres i nærvær av minst 5 deler pr. million hydrogen, regnet på vekten av When an epoxide is thus used as a compounding agent, the reaction rate increases significantly by the fact that the reaction is carried out in the presence of at least 5 parts per million hydrogen, calculated on the weight of
væske oppløsningsmiddel i reaksjonskaret. liquid solvent in the reaction vessel.
Hydrogen i mengder på over ca. 5 deler pr. million synes igjen ikke å ha noen til-svarende økt virkning på polymeriseringshastigheten. Av praktiske grunner bør imidlertid mengden av hydrogen begrenses til ca. 250 deler pr. million, da mengder over denne grense gir en polymer med uønsket lav molekylærvekt. Hydrogen in quantities of over approx. 5 parts per million again does not seem to have a correspondingly increased effect on the rate of polymerization. For practical reasons, however, the amount of hydrogen should be limited to approx. 250 parts per million, as quantities above this limit give a polymer with an undesirable low molecular weight.
Det skal nå gis noen eksempler på hvorledes oppfinnelsen kan gjennomføres. I alle tilfeller er titantrikloridkomponen-ten i katalysatoren i det vesentlige amorf. Some examples will now be given of how the invention can be implemented. In all cases, the titanium trichloride component in the catalyst is essentially amorphous.
Eksempel 1. Example 1.
Et reaksjonskar ble fylt med heptan og aluminiumetyl-sesquiklorid og titantriklorid i et molforhold på 2:1 ble tilsatt i en slik mengde at titantrikloridet er tilstede i en mengde på 0,035 g/100 ems heptan. Karet ble så lukket og innholdet oppvarmet til ca. 71 °C og satt under et trykk på ca 10 kg/cm2 med propylen. Karet ble holdt på denne temperatur under røring i 240 min. Ved utgangen av denne tid ble reaksjonsproduktet behandlet med metanol for å avaktivisere katalysatoren. Karet ble åpnet og innholdet tatt ut. Fast poly-propylen ble oppnådd i en mengde som tydet på en polymeriseringshastighet på 5 g/time pr. 1 heptan. Polymeret var 89,9 pst. uoppløselig r pentan. A reaction vessel was filled with heptane and aluminum ethyl sesquichloride and titanium trichloride in a molar ratio of 2:1 was added in such an amount that the titanium trichloride is present in an amount of 0.035 g/100 ems heptane. The vessel was then closed and the contents heated to approx. 71 °C and put under a pressure of about 10 kg/cm2 with propylene. The vessel was kept at this temperature with stirring for 240 min. At the end of this time, the reaction product was treated with methanol to deactivate the catalyst. The tub was opened and the contents taken out. Solid polypropylene was obtained in an amount indicating a polymerization rate of 5 g/hour per 1 heptane. The polymer was 89.9 percent insoluble in pentane.
Eksempel 2. Example 2.
Et kar ble fylt med heptan og alumini-umetylsesquiklorid, titantriklorid og propylenoksyd ble tilsatt i et molf orhold på 2:1:1 i en slik mengde at konsentrasjonen av titantriklorid i heptan var 0,035 g/100 ems. Karet ble så lukket og oppvarmet til ca. A vessel was filled with heptane and aluminum methyl sesquichloride, titanium trichloride and propylene oxide were added in a mole ratio of 2:1:1 in such an amount that the concentration of titanium trichloride in heptane was 0.035 g/100 ems. The vessel was then closed and heated to approx.
71 °C og satt under et trykk på ca. 10 kg/ 71 °C and placed under a pressure of approx. 10 kg/
cm2 nied propylen. Temperatur og trykk ble opprettholdt under røring i 57 min. hvoretter reaksjonsblandingen ble behandlet med metanol for å avaktivisere katalysatoren, karet ble åpnet og innholdet tatt ut. Det var dannet fast krystallinsk poly-propylen som var 85,5 pst. uoppløselig i cm2 nied propylene. Temperature and pressure were maintained with stirring for 57 min. after which the reaction mixture was treated with methanol to deactivate the catalyst, the vessel was opened and the contents removed. Solid crystalline polypropylene had formed which was 85.5 per cent insoluble in
kokende pentan, i en mengde som viste at boiling pentane, in an amount which showed that
polymeriseringshastigheten var 57 g pr. 1 heptan. Denne hastighet kan brukes i industrien. the rate of polymerization was 57 g per 1 heptane. This speed can be used in industry.
Eksempel 3. Example 3.
Fremgangsmåten i eksempel 2 ble fulgt, bortsett fra at polymeriseringen ble utført i nærvær av 22 deler hydrogen pr. million, regnet på vekten i heptan. Polymeriseringshastigheten var 86 g pr. time pr. 1 heptan. The procedure in Example 2 was followed, except that the polymerization was carried out in the presence of 22 parts of hydrogen per million, calculated on the weight in heptane. The polymerization rate was 86 g per hour per 1 heptane.
Eksempel 4. Example 4.
Fremgangsmåten i eksempel 2 ble fulgt, idet 1,2-butylenoksyd ble brukt i stedet for det propylenoksyd som ble brukt i eksempel 2. Propylen ble polymerisert med en hastighet på 35 g pr. time pr. 1 heptan. The procedure in Example 2 was followed, with 1,2-butylene oxide being used instead of the propylene oxide used in Example 2. Propylene was polymerized at a rate of 35 g per hour per 1 heptane.
Eksempel 5— 9. Example 5— 9.
Fremgangsmåten i eksempel 4 ble fulgt, bortsett fra at polymeriseringen ble utført i nærvær av henhv. 8,22 og 22 (kontroll-prøve), 55 og 88 deler hydrogen pr. million, regnet på vekten av heptan. Polymeriser-ingshastighetene var henhv. 51, 53, 54, 55 og 54 g polymer pr. time pr. 1 heptan. The procedure in Example 4 was followed, except that the polymerization was carried out in the presence of 8,22 and 22 (control sample), 55 and 88 parts of hydrogen per million, calculated on the weight of heptane. The polymerization rates were respectively 51, 53, 54, 55 and 54 g of polymer per hour per 1 heptane.
Eksempel 10. Example 10.
Fremgangsmåten i eksempel 4 ble fulgt, idet dog aluminiumetylsesquibromid ble brukt i stedet for aluminiumetylsesqui-klorid, og polymeriseringen ble gjennom-ført i nærvær av 22 deler hydrogen pr. million, regnet på vekten av heptan. Polymeriseringshastigheten var 48 g polymer pr. time pr. 1 heptan. The procedure in example 4 was followed, although aluminum ethyl sesquibromide was used instead of aluminum ethyl sesqui chloride, and the polymerization was carried out in the presence of 22 parts of hydrogen per million, calculated on the weight of heptane. The polymerization rate was 48 g of polymer per hour per 1 heptane.
Når det brukes andre epoksyder, f. eks. etylenoksyd eller amylenoksyd i stedet for When other epoxies are used, e.g. ethylene oxide or amylene oxide instead
butylenoksyd eller propylenoksyd, blir lig-nende økte reaksjonshastigheter oppnådd i nærvær av hydrogen, sammenlignet med prøver utført i fravær av hydrogen. butylene oxide or propylene oxide, similarly increased reaction rates are obtained in the presence of hydrogen, compared to tests carried out in the absence of hydrogen.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO782971A NO142013C (en) | 1978-08-31 | 1978-08-31 | FLUID INLET / OUTLET ARM FOR CLOSED CONTAINERS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO782971A NO142013C (en) | 1978-08-31 | 1978-08-31 | FLUID INLET / OUTLET ARM FOR CLOSED CONTAINERS |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO782971L NO782971L (en) | 1980-03-03 |
| NO142013B true NO142013B (en) | 1980-03-03 |
| NO142013C NO142013C (en) | 1980-06-11 |
Family
ID=19884397
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO782971A NO142013C (en) | 1978-08-31 | 1978-08-31 | FLUID INLET / OUTLET ARM FOR CLOSED CONTAINERS |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| NO (1) | NO142013C (en) |
-
1978
- 1978-08-31 NO NO782971A patent/NO142013C/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO142013C (en) | 1980-06-11 |
| NO782971L (en) | 1980-03-03 |
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