NO178868C - Anvendelse av estere av polykarboksylsyrer i borehullsbehandlingsmidler samt slike borehullbehandlingsmidler - Google Patents
Anvendelse av estere av polykarboksylsyrer i borehullsbehandlingsmidler samt slike borehullbehandlingsmidlerInfo
- Publication number
- NO178868C NO178868C NO924345A NO924345A NO178868C NO 178868 C NO178868 C NO 178868C NO 924345 A NO924345 A NO 924345A NO 924345 A NO924345 A NO 924345A NO 178868 C NO178868 C NO 178868C
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- oleophilic
- esters
- oil phase
- fluid
- oil
- Prior art date
Links
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004650 carbonic acid diesters Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/26—Oil-in-water emulsions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/32—Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
- C09K8/34—Organic liquids
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4019266A DE4019266A1 (de) | 1990-06-16 | 1990-06-16 | Fliessfaehige bohrlochbehandlungsmittel auf basis von polycarbonsaeureestern |
| PCT/EP1991/001058 WO1991019771A1 (de) | 1990-06-16 | 1991-06-07 | Fliessfähige bohrlochbehandlungsmittel auf basis von polycarbonsäureestern |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO924345D0 NO924345D0 (no) | 1992-11-11 |
| NO924345L NO924345L (no) | 1992-11-11 |
| NO178868B NO178868B (no) | 1996-03-11 |
| NO178868C true NO178868C (no) | 1996-06-19 |
Family
ID=6408529
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO924345A NO178868C (no) | 1990-06-16 | 1992-11-11 | Anvendelse av estere av polykarboksylsyrer i borehullsbehandlingsmidler samt slike borehullbehandlingsmidler |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5441927A (no) |
| EP (1) | EP0535074B1 (no) |
| AT (1) | ATE157115T1 (no) |
| AU (1) | AU650662B2 (no) |
| CA (1) | CA2085610C (no) |
| DE (2) | DE4019266A1 (no) |
| DK (1) | DK0535074T3 (no) |
| ES (1) | ES2108045T3 (no) |
| IE (1) | IE911934A1 (no) |
| MY (1) | MY107177A (no) |
| NO (1) | NO178868C (no) |
| PT (1) | PT97893A (no) |
| WO (1) | WO1991019771A1 (no) |
| ZA (1) | ZA914342B (no) |
Families Citing this family (63)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5508258A (en) * | 1990-08-03 | 1996-04-16 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Use of surface-active alpha-sulfo-fatty acid di-salts in water and oil based drilling fluids and other drill-hole treatment agents |
| DE4102908A1 (de) * | 1991-01-31 | 1992-08-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung oberflaechenaktiver carbonsaeure-komplexester als emulgatoren in oel-basierten bohrspuelungen und anderen bohrlochbehandlungsmitteln |
| DE4200502A1 (de) * | 1992-01-13 | 1993-07-15 | Henkel Kgaa | Verbesserte entsorgung von kontaminiertem bohrklein aus geologischen bohrungen mit mineraloel-enthaltenden bohrspuelsystemen |
| GB2265646A (en) * | 1992-04-02 | 1993-10-06 | Shell Int Research | True oil drilling liquid |
| DE4224537A1 (de) * | 1992-07-27 | 1994-02-03 | Henkel Kgaa | Mineralische Additive zur Einstellung und/oder Regelung der Rheologie und Gelstruktur wässriger Flüssigphasen und ihre Verwendung |
| GB9410511D0 (en) * | 1994-05-25 | 1994-07-13 | Burwood The Corp Ltd | Temperature stable synthetic oil |
| DE4420455A1 (de) * | 1994-06-13 | 1995-12-14 | Henkel Kgaa | Lineare alpha-Olefine enthaltende fließfähige Bohrlochbehandlungsmittel insbesondere entsprechende Bohrspülungen |
| DE4432841A1 (de) * | 1994-09-15 | 1996-03-21 | Hoechst Ag | Verwendung vn Acetal enthaltenden Mischungen |
| US5707940A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-01-13 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Environmentally friendly water based drilling fluids |
| DE19546911A1 (de) * | 1995-12-15 | 1997-06-19 | Henkel Kgaa | Neue wäßrig-quellfähige Zubereitungen von Guar und Guarderivaten in oleophilen Flüssigkeiten und ihre Verwendung |
| US6806233B2 (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 2004-10-19 | M-I Llc | Methods of using reversible phase oil based drilling fluid |
| TW354352B (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 1999-03-11 | Henkel Kgaa | A process for easier cleaning on the basis of water/oil inversion emulifier |
| US6022833A (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 2000-02-08 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Multicomponent mixtures for use in geological exploration |
| DE19647598A1 (de) * | 1996-11-18 | 1998-05-20 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung ausgewählter Fettalkohole und ihrer Abmischungen mit Carbonsäureestern als Schmiermittelkomponente in wasserbasierten Bohrspülsystem zum Erdreichaufschluß |
| DE19647565A1 (de) | 1996-11-18 | 1998-05-20 | Henkel Kgaa | Mehrphasige Schmiermittelkonzentrate für den Einsatz in wasserbasierten Systemen aus dem Bereich der Erdreicherbohrung |
| US6100223A (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2000-08-08 | Chevron Chemical Company Llc | Method of converting olefins into mixtures of secondary esters, products and uses thereof |
| FR2773816B1 (fr) * | 1998-01-19 | 2001-05-04 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Fluide et methode pour liberer des elements tubulaires coinces dans un puits |
| DE19852971A1 (de) | 1998-11-17 | 2000-05-18 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh | Schmiermittel für Bohrspülungen |
| FR2811326B1 (fr) * | 2000-07-05 | 2003-09-05 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Methode et fluide pour controler la saturation d'une formation aux abords d'un puits |
| DE60044619D1 (de) * | 2000-12-29 | 2010-08-12 | Cognis Ip Man Gmbh | Verflüssiger für invert-emulsionen |
| US20030036484A1 (en) * | 2001-08-14 | 2003-02-20 | Jeff Kirsner | Blends of esters with isomerized olefins and other hydrocarbons as base oils for invert emulsion oil muds |
| US6887832B2 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2005-05-03 | Halliburton Energy Service,S Inc. | Method of formulating and using a drilling mud with fragile gels |
| US7456135B2 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2008-11-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of drilling using flat rheology drilling fluids |
| MXPA03005918A (es) | 2000-12-29 | 2005-02-14 | Halliburton Energy Serv Inc | Diluyentes para emulsiones invertidas. |
| US7572755B2 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2009-08-11 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Drilling fluid comprising a vinyl neodecanoate polymer and method for enhanced suspension |
| US7008907B2 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2006-03-07 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Additive for oil-based drilling fluids |
| US7534746B2 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2009-05-19 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Metallic soaps of modified tall oil acids |
| US6620770B1 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2003-09-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Additive for oil-based drilling fluids |
| US7271132B2 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2007-09-18 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Metallic soaps of modified fatty acids and rosin acids and methods of making and using same |
| US6622790B1 (en) | 2002-04-30 | 2003-09-23 | John Hayhurst | Method for enhancing gas well secondary recovery operations |
| DE10243312A1 (de) * | 2002-09-18 | 2004-04-01 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Bohrlochbehandlungsmittel mit niedrig-toxischer Ölphase |
| US7198106B2 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2007-04-03 | John Hayhurst | Method for enhancing gas well secondary recovery operations |
| DE10334441A1 (de) * | 2003-07-29 | 2005-02-17 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Bohrlochbehandlungsmittel, enthaltend Ethercarbonsäuren |
| US7871962B2 (en) * | 2003-08-25 | 2011-01-18 | M-I L.L.C. | Flat rheology drilling fluid |
| DE10349808A1 (de) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-05-25 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Emulgatoren für Bohrspülmittel |
| US20060252652A1 (en) * | 2003-10-27 | 2006-11-09 | Cowan Jack C | Oil base fluids containing hydrophilic tannins |
| DE102004034141A1 (de) * | 2004-07-15 | 2006-02-09 | Cognis Ip Management Gmbh | Verwendung von Lithiumsalzen von Fettalkoholsulfaten zum Reinigen von Bohrlöchern, Bohrgeräten oder Bohrklein |
| US7259130B2 (en) * | 2004-08-03 | 2007-08-21 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Set-on demand, ester-based wellbore fluids and methods of using the same |
| US20060223714A1 (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2006-10-05 | M-L L.L.C. | Invert emulsion based completion and displacement fluid and method of use |
| US8105989B2 (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2012-01-31 | M-I L.L.C. | Water based completion and displacement fluid and method of use |
| EP2036962A1 (de) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-18 | Cognis Oleochemicals GmbH | Additive für wasserbasierte Bohrspülmittel |
| EP2036964A1 (de) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-18 | Cognis Oleochemicals GmbH | Verdicker für ölbasierte Bohrspülmittel |
| EP2036963A1 (de) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-18 | Cognis Oleochemicals GmbH | Schmiermitteladditive für Bohrspülmittel |
| EP2053111B1 (en) * | 2007-10-24 | 2016-12-07 | Emery Oleochemicals GmbH | Drilling composition, process for its preparation and applications thereof |
| DE102008008251A1 (de) * | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-20 | Cognis Oleochemicals Gmbh | Vernetzte Glycerin- oder Oligoglycerinester und deren Verwendung als Additiv in Bohrspülungen |
| US20100063180A1 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2010-03-11 | Seungkoo Kang | Fire protection and/or fire fighting additives, associated compositions, and associated methods |
| DE102009060865A1 (de) | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-07 | Emery Oleochemicals GmbH, 40589 | Ester aus festen Polyolen und ungesättigten Carbonsäuren |
| WO2012003356A2 (en) | 2010-06-30 | 2012-01-05 | M-I L.L.C. | Breaker and displacement fluid |
| US20140034320A1 (en) * | 2011-06-06 | 2014-02-06 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | High solids content fluid having degradable oil |
| CN104870598A (zh) * | 2012-06-28 | 2015-08-26 | 罗地亚经营管理公司 | 用于钻井液的环保溶剂体系/表面活性剂体系 |
| US9115326B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2015-08-25 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Monoester-based lubricants and methods of making same |
| US9238783B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2016-01-19 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Monoester-based lubricants and methods of making same |
| US9115556B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2015-08-25 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method of using biologically-derived monoesters as drilling fluids |
| US9115303B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2015-08-25 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Biologically-derived monoesters as drilling fluids |
| EP2848720B1 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2016-03-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Use of a lubricant in a mounting mat and method for making such a mat |
| US10253236B2 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2019-04-09 | Amril Ag | Environmental friendly well treatment fluids comprising an ester |
| US10557335B2 (en) | 2014-01-24 | 2020-02-11 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Gas fracturing method and system |
| TR201909345T4 (tr) | 2014-12-23 | 2019-07-22 | Agrana Beteiligungs Ag | Çevreye zararsız bir biyostabilizatör içeren bir proses sıvısı kullanan yöntem. |
| MX2017007238A (es) | 2015-01-07 | 2018-02-16 | Emery Oleochemicals Gmbh | Nuevos aditivos para aplicaciones en campos petroleros e industrial. |
| WO2016110323A1 (en) | 2015-01-07 | 2016-07-14 | Amril Ag | Hydrophilic ether carboxylic acids as lubricant for salt based drilling systems |
| BR102015015617B1 (pt) * | 2015-06-26 | 2022-10-11 | Oxiteno S.A. Indústria E Comércio | Composição para fluidos de perfuração com fase oleosa baseada em diésteres |
| EP3763922B1 (en) | 2019-07-09 | 2025-07-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Mounting mat for use in pollution control devices |
| EP4379197A1 (en) | 2022-11-30 | 2024-06-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Zero binder polycrystalline mounting mat with improved production handing |
Family Cites Families (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE352171C (de) * | 1918-08-17 | 1922-04-21 | Fried Krupp Akt Ges | Eisenbahn-Rohrruecklaufgeschuetz |
| DE2302918C2 (de) * | 1973-01-22 | 1982-04-08 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Neue Esteröle, sowie deren Verwendung in Schmiermitteln und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten |
| US4053491A (en) * | 1973-01-22 | 1977-10-11 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Branched-chain aliphatic ester oils |
| US4374737A (en) * | 1980-01-14 | 1983-02-22 | Dana E. Larson | Nonpolluting drilling fluid composition |
| US4481121A (en) * | 1982-05-17 | 1984-11-06 | Hughes Tool Company | Viscosifier for oil base drilling fluids |
| DE3521711A1 (de) * | 1985-06-18 | 1986-12-18 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Esteroele und deren verwendung |
| IT1203486B (it) * | 1987-04-23 | 1989-02-15 | Rol Spa | Procedimento per la rimozione di composti solubili dello stagno da esteri di acidi mono-o policarbossilici |
| US5232910A (en) * | 1988-12-19 | 1993-08-03 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Use of selected ester oils in drilling fluids and muds |
| DE3842659A1 (de) * | 1988-12-19 | 1990-06-28 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung ausgewaehlter esteroele in bohrspuelungen insbesondere zur off-shore-erschliessung von erdoel- bzw. erdgasvorkommen (i) |
| US5252554A (en) * | 1988-12-19 | 1993-10-12 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Drilling fluids and muds containing selected ester oils |
| DE3842703A1 (de) * | 1988-12-19 | 1990-06-21 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung ausgewaehlter esteroele in bohrspuelungen insbesondere zur off-shore-erschliessung von erdoel- bzw. erdgasvorkommen (ii) |
| DE3903784A1 (de) * | 1989-02-09 | 1990-08-16 | Henkel Kgaa | Monocarbonsaeure-methylester in invert-bohrspuelschlaemmen |
| DE3903785A1 (de) * | 1989-02-09 | 1990-08-16 | Henkel Kgaa | Oleophile basische aminverbindungen als additive in invert-bohrspuelschlaemmen |
| DE3907391A1 (de) * | 1989-03-08 | 1990-09-13 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung ausgewaehlter esteroele niederer carbonsaeuren in bohrspuelungen |
| US5318954A (en) * | 1989-03-08 | 1994-06-07 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Use of selected ester oils of low carboxylic acids in drilling fluids |
| DE3907392A1 (de) * | 1989-03-08 | 1990-09-13 | Henkel Kgaa | Ester von carbonsaeuren mittlerer kettenlaenge als bestnadteil der oelphase in invert-bohrspuelschlaemmen |
| US5318955A (en) * | 1989-04-07 | 1994-06-07 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Use of selected ethers of monofunctional alcohols in drilling fluids |
| DE3911299A1 (de) * | 1989-04-07 | 1990-10-11 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung ausgewaehlter ether monofunktioneller alkohole in bohrspuelungen |
| DE3911238A1 (de) * | 1989-04-07 | 1990-10-11 | Henkel Kgaa | Oleophile alkohole als bestandteil von invert-bohrspuelungen |
| US5318956A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1994-06-07 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Use of selected ester oils in water-based drilling fluids of the O/W emulsion type and corresponding drilling fluids with improved ecological acceptability |
| DE3915876A1 (de) * | 1989-05-16 | 1990-11-22 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung ausgewaehlter esteroele in wasser-basierten bohrspuelungen vom o/w-emulsionstyp sowie entsprechende bohrspuelfluessigkeiten mit verbesserter oekologischer vertraeglichkeit |
| DE3915875A1 (de) * | 1989-05-16 | 1990-11-22 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung ausgewaehlter oleophiler alkohole in wasser-basierten bohrspuelungen vom o/w-emulsionstyp sowie entsprechende bohrspuelfluessigkeiten mit verbesserter oekologischer vertraeglichkeit |
| DE3916550A1 (de) * | 1989-05-20 | 1990-11-22 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung ausgewaehlter oleophiler ether in wasser-basierten bohrspuelungen vom o/w-emulsionstyp sowie entsprechende bohrspuelfluessigkeiten mit verbesserter oekologischer vertraeglichkeit |
| DE4018228A1 (de) * | 1990-06-07 | 1991-12-12 | Henkel Kgaa | Fliessfaehige bohrlochbehandlungsmittel auf basis von kohlensaeurediestern |
-
1990
- 1990-06-16 DE DE4019266A patent/DE4019266A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-05-27 MY MYPI91000917A patent/MY107177A/en unknown
- 1991-06-06 IE IE193491A patent/IE911934A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-06-06 ZA ZA914342A patent/ZA914342B/xx unknown
- 1991-06-06 PT PT97893A patent/PT97893A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-06-07 WO PCT/EP1991/001058 patent/WO1991019771A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1991-06-07 CA CA002085610A patent/CA2085610C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-07 ES ES91911460T patent/ES2108045T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-07 AU AU79599/91A patent/AU650662B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-06-07 AT AT91911460T patent/ATE157115T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-06-07 DK DK91911460.3T patent/DK0535074T3/da active
- 1991-06-07 DE DE59108830T patent/DE59108830D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-06-07 EP EP91911460A patent/EP0535074B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-11-11 NO NO924345A patent/NO178868C/no unknown
-
1994
- 1994-11-09 US US08/336,726 patent/US5441927A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IE911934A1 (en) | 1991-12-18 |
| US5441927A (en) | 1995-08-15 |
| MY107177A (en) | 1995-09-30 |
| CA2085610C (en) | 2003-12-30 |
| AU7959991A (en) | 1992-01-07 |
| NO178868B (no) | 1996-03-11 |
| CA2085610A1 (en) | 1991-12-17 |
| NO924345D0 (no) | 1992-11-11 |
| EP0535074A1 (de) | 1993-04-07 |
| PT97893A (pt) | 1992-03-31 |
| ZA914342B (en) | 1992-03-25 |
| ES2108045T3 (es) | 1997-12-16 |
| DE4019266A1 (de) | 1992-01-23 |
| WO1991019771A1 (de) | 1991-12-26 |
| DE59108830D1 (de) | 1997-09-25 |
| ATE157115T1 (de) | 1997-09-15 |
| DK0535074T3 (da) | 1998-04-06 |
| NO924345L (no) | 1992-11-11 |
| EP0535074B1 (de) | 1997-08-20 |
| AU650662B2 (en) | 1994-06-30 |
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