NO302517B1 - Fremgangsmåte for biologisk denitrifikasjon, anvendelse derav og biologisk ren kultur av mikroorganismer eller kombinasjon av mikroorganismer - Google Patents

Fremgangsmåte for biologisk denitrifikasjon, anvendelse derav og biologisk ren kultur av mikroorganismer eller kombinasjon av mikroorganismer Download PDF

Info

Publication number: NO302517B1
Authority: NO; Norway
Prior art keywords: microorganisms; denitrification; ammonium ion; ammonium; biological
Prior art date: 1988-02-05

Application number

NO893699A

Other languages

English (en)

Norwegian (no)

Other versions

NO893699L (no

NO893699D0 (no

Inventor

Arnold Mulder

Original Assignee

Gist Brocades Bv

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1988-02-05

Filing date

1989-09-15

Publication date

1998-03-16

1989-09-15 Application filed by Gist Brocades Bv filed Critical Gist Brocades Bv

1989-09-15 Publication of NO893699L publication Critical patent/NO893699L/no

1989-09-15 Publication of NO893699D0 publication Critical patent/NO893699D0/no

1998-03-16 Publication of NO302517B1 publication Critical patent/NO302517B1/no

Links

238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 44
239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
-1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 4
239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 26
QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 12
238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 10
239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 5
229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 3
229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 description 3
239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 2
238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 2
241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 description 1
230000001651 autotrophic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 1
230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
238000013207 serial dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Inorganic materials [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 description 1
239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/2806—Anaerobic processes using solid supports for microorganisms
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
- Y10S210/902—Materials removed
- Y10S210/903—Nitrogenous

Landscapes

Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Microbiology (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Fertilizers (AREA)
Catalysts (AREA)
Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)

NO893699A 1988-02-05 1989-09-15 Fremgangsmåte for biologisk denitrifikasjon, anvendelse derav og biologisk ren kultur av mikroorganismer eller kombinasjon av mikroorganismer NO302517B1 (no)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
EP88200204		1988-02-05
PCT/NL1989/000004 WO1989007089A1 (fr)	1988-02-05	1989-02-02	Oxydation d'ammoniac dans des conditions anoxiques

Publications (3)

Publication Number	Publication Date
NO893699L NO893699L (no)	1989-09-15
NO893699D0 NO893699D0 (no)	1989-09-15
NO302517B1 true NO302517B1 (no)	1998-03-16

Family

ID=8199746

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
NO893699A NO302517B1 (no)	1988-02-05	1989-09-15	Fremgangsmåte for biologisk denitrifikasjon, anvendelse derav og biologisk ren kultur av mikroorganismer eller kombinasjon av mikroorganismer

Country Status (14)

Country	Link
US (1)	US5078884A (fr)
EP (1)	EP0327184B1 (fr)
JP (1)	JPH03501099A (fr)
AT (1)	ATE117277T1 (fr)
AU (1)	AU614580B2 (fr)
CA (1)	CA1338139C (fr)
DE (1)	DE68920601T2 (fr)
DK (1)	DK174734B1 (fr)
ES (1)	ES2069571T3 (fr)
FI (1)	FI101067B (fr)
IE (1)	IE66838B1 (fr)
NO (1)	NO302517B1 (fr)
NZ (1)	NZ227832A (fr)
WO (1)	WO1989007089A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (44)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US5651891A (en) *	1989-08-02	1997-07-29	Polytechnic University	Wastewater treatment process
NL8902573A (nl) *	1989-10-17	1991-05-16	Ecotechniek Bv	Werkwijze en inrichting voor het verwerken van mest.
US5185080A (en) *	1990-06-04	1993-02-09	Gregory Boyle	Process for the on-site removal of nitrates from wastewater
NL9001974A (nl) *	1990-09-07	1992-04-01	Dhv Raadgevend Ing	Inrichting voor het reinigen van afvalwater.
EP0509152A1 (fr) *	1991-04-17	1992-10-21	Ecotechniek B.V.	Méthode et installation pour le traitement du fumier
FR2687996B1 (fr) *	1992-03-02	1995-03-10	Lafarge Fondu Int	Procede d'epuration, par voie biologique, des effluents a forte concentration en azote ammoniacal.
ES2064287B1 (es) *	1993-07-02	1995-07-16	Espanola Explosivos	Procedimiento para la eliminacion biologica de nitratos y/o nitritos utilizando klebsiella oxytoca clon-15.
CA2146062A1 (fr) *	1995-03-31	1996-10-01	Huazhong Mao	Methode biologique pour le traitement des eaux usees
FR2745001B1 (fr) *	1996-02-16	1998-04-17	Degremont	Reacteur pour l'elimination biologique de la pollution organique des eaux
NL1005343C1 (nl) *	1996-08-23	1998-02-26	Univ Delft Tech	Werkwijze voor het behandelen van ammoniak-houdend afvalwater.
DK1113997T3 (da) *	1998-07-24	2009-11-02	Paques Bio Syst Bv	Fremgangsmåde til behandling af spildevand, der indeholder ammoniak
JP4529277B2 (ja) *	2000-11-09	2010-08-25	栗田工業株式会社	独立栄養性脱窒微生物の集積方法および生物学的窒素除去方法
JP5150993B2 (ja) *	2000-11-28	2013-02-27	栗田工業株式会社	脱窒方法および装置
CA2503033C (fr) *	2001-10-19	2013-07-09	University Of Maryland Biotechnology Institute	Oxydation anaerobie d'ammonium destinee au traitement de l'eau en aquaculture a recirculation
US6863816B2 (en) *	2002-06-17	2005-03-08	Dharma Living Systems, Inc.	Tidal vertical flow wastewater treatment system and method
US6881338B2 (en)	2002-06-17	2005-04-19	Dharma Living Systems, Inc.	Integrated tidal wastewater treatment system and method
US7029586B2 (en) *	2003-02-28	2006-04-18	Dharma Living Systems, Inc.	Integrated tidal wastewater treatment system and method
US7056438B2 (en) *	2003-09-05	2006-06-06	Dharma Living Systems, Inc.	Flood and drain wastewater treatment system and associated methods
US6896805B2 (en)	2003-10-20	2005-05-24	Dharma Living Systems, Inc.	Tidal vertical flow wastewater treatment system and method
MXPA06008671A (es) *	2004-01-30	2007-02-16	Univ Maryland Biotech Inst	Reduccion dismilatoria de sulfato como procedimiento para promover la desnitrificacion en sistemas marinos de acuacultura en recirculacion.
US7347940B2 (en) *	2004-06-17	2008-03-25	Worrell Water Technologies, Llc	Nitrogen removal system and method for wastewater treatment lagoons
EP1630139A1 (fr) *	2004-08-23	2006-03-01	Amecon Environmental Consultancy	Procédé pour la dénitrification biologique de l'eau usée contenant de l'ammonium
PL1786733T3 (pl)	2004-09-10	2013-05-31	Paques Ip Bv	Sposób równoczesnego usuwania BZT i fosforanu ze ścieków
US7879238B2 (en)	2004-09-30	2011-02-01	Kurita Water Industries, Ltd.	Process and apparatus for treating nitrogeneous liquor
US7438813B1 (en)	2006-04-13	2008-10-21	Pedros Philip B	Ammonia oxidation and pipe denitrification
JP2008023485A (ja) *	2006-07-24	2008-02-07	Japan Organo Co Ltd	生物脱窒方法および装置
SI2163524T1 (sl) *	2008-09-12	2012-07-31	Cyklar Stulz Gmbh	Postopek obdelave odpadnih voda ki vsebujejo amonij
TWI386374B (zh) *	2008-12-02	2013-02-21	Ind Tech Res Inst	氨氮廢水的處理系統及方法
JP5186420B2 (ja) *	2009-03-12	2013-04-17	日鉄住金環境株式会社	排水の処理方法及び排水処理装置
WO2010142004A2 (fr)	2009-06-10	2010-12-16	Katholieke Universifeit Leuven	Système d'élevage aquatique biologiquement sûr contrôlé dans un environnement confiné
DE102009048333A1 (de)	2009-10-06	2011-05-19	Leaderman & Associates Co., Ltd.	Verfahren zum Behandeln von stickstoffhaltigem Abwasser mit gleichzeitiger autotropher Denitrifikation, heterotropher Denitrifikation und COD Abscheidung
US7972513B2 (en) *	2009-10-09	2011-07-05	Leaderman & Associates Co., Ltd.	Process for treating nitrogenous wastewater with simultaneous autotrophic denitrification, hetertrophic denitrification and COD removal
ES2483150T3 (es)	2010-03-10	2014-08-05	Demon Gmbh	Procedimiento para la purificación biológica de un agua residual que contiene amonio
JP5582388B2 (ja) *	2010-03-12	2014-09-03	三菱レイヨン株式会社	生物処理システムおよび生物処理方法
EP2431336A1 (fr)	2010-09-20	2012-03-21	Akwadok BVBA	Procédé de purification d'eaux usées avec suppression d'ammonium
ES2388226B1 (es) *	2010-11-02	2013-09-13	Tratamiento Aguas Del Sureste S L	Desnitrificador anoxico de aguas residuales depuradas
US10093568B2 (en)	2011-06-01	2018-10-09	The Hong Kong University Of Science And Technology	Method for wastewater treatment by urine separation, seawater addition, and nitrification and in-sewer denitrification
PL2792646T3 (pl)	2013-04-16	2015-11-30	Demon Gmbh	Sposób i urządzenie do oczyszczania ścieków zawierających amon
US9725346B2 (en)	2013-06-18	2017-08-08	Evoqua Water Technologies Llc	Devices, systems and methods for facilitating nutrient removal by anaerobic ammonia oxidation
TWI586610B (zh) *	2015-01-15	2017-06-11	黎明興技術顧問股份有限公司	用於處理含氨氮廢水之流化床反應器及含氨氮廢水之處理方法
CN106630134A (zh) *	2016-12-29	2017-05-10	北京恩菲环保股份有限公司	高效反硝化脱氮装置及方法
CN107986443B (zh) *	2017-11-07	2021-02-26	同济大学	一种适用于cod/n波动大的污水的全程自养脱氮方法
US12122698B2 (en)	2018-10-23	2024-10-22	Bl Technologies, Inc.	MABR media for supporting AOB and annamox bacteria and process for deammonification of wastewater
WO2021163184A1 (fr)	2020-02-11	2021-08-19	Bl Technologies, Inc.	Procédé et appareil de nitritation à l'aide d'un réacteur à biofilm aéré à membrane

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
DE2811719A1 (de) *	1978-03-17	1979-09-27	Bayer Ag	Reduktive behandlung chemischer stoffe, insbesondere abwasserinhaltstoffe, mit hilfe von mikroorganismen mit atmung oder daraus hergestellten praeparationen
FR2434122A1 (fr) *	1978-08-23	1980-03-21	Gubernatorova Vera	Procede d'epuration biologique des eaux usees
JPS57204294A (en) *	1981-06-10	1982-12-14	Kubota Ltd	Denitrification of water
US4552663A (en) *	1984-07-31	1985-11-12	Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.	Process for the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen in the BOD sorption zone of a wastewater treatment plant

1989
- 1989-02-02 EP EP19890200243 patent/EP0327184B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-02-02 WO PCT/NL1989/000004 patent/WO1989007089A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1989-02-02 DE DE68920601T patent/DE68920601T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-02-02 US US07/427,849 patent/US5078884A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-02-02 AU AU30502/89A patent/AU614580B2/en not_active Expired
- 1989-02-02 ES ES89200243T patent/ES2069571T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-02-02 AT AT89200243T patent/ATE117277T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-02-02 NZ NZ227832A patent/NZ227832A/en unknown
- 1989-02-02 JP JP1502125A patent/JPH03501099A/ja active Pending
- 1989-02-03 CA CA 590112 patent/CA1338139C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-02-03 IE IE34589A patent/IE66838B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-09-15 NO NO893699A patent/NO302517B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-10-02 FI FI894663A patent/FI101067B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-10-04 DK DK198904885A patent/DK174734B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
JPH03501099A (ja)	1991-03-14
NO893699L (no)	1989-09-15
FI894663L (fi)	1989-10-02
DK488589D0 (da)	1989-10-04
AU3050289A (en)	1989-08-25
CA1338139C (fr)	1996-03-12
IE890345L (en)	1989-08-05
DE68920601T2 (de)	1995-07-06
US5078884A (en)	1992-01-07
ATE117277T1 (de)	1995-02-15
WO1989007089A1 (fr)	1989-08-10
DE68920601D1 (de)	1995-03-02
ES2069571T3 (es)	1995-05-16
FI101067B (fi)	1998-04-15
DK174734B1 (da)	2003-10-13
FI894663A0 (fi)	1989-10-02
IE66838B1 (en)	1996-02-07
AU614580B2 (en)	1991-09-05
DK488589A (da)	1989-10-04
NO893699D0 (no)	1989-09-15
NZ227832A (en)	1991-05-28
EP0327184B1 (fr)	1995-01-18
EP0327184A1 (fr)	1989-08-09

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
2009-03-16	MK1K	Patent expired

Publication	Publication Date	Title
NO302517B1 (no)	1998-03-16	Fremgangsmåte for biologisk denitrifikasjon, anvendelse derav og biologisk ren kultur av mikroorganismer eller kombinasjon av mikroorganismer
Strous et al.	1997	Ammonium removal from concentrated waste streams with the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process in different reactor configurations
Gupta et al.	2001	Simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal from high strength domestic wastewater in an aerobic RBC biofilm
CN101484394B (zh)	2011-04-20	利用异养氨氧化细菌去除污水中c、n污染物的方法
Qin et al.	2006	Aerobic granulation for organic carbon and nitrogen removal in alternating aerobic–anaerobic sequencing batch reactor
Przytocka-Jusiak et al.	1984	Intensive culture of Chlorella vulgaris/AA as the second stage of biological purification of nitrogen industry wastewaters
Yamamoto et al.	2006	Novel partial nitritation treatment for anaerobic digestion liquor of swine wastewater using swim-bed technology
Arun et al.	2019	Novel shortcut biological nitrogen removal method using an algae-bacterial consortium in a photo-sequencing batch reactor: Process optimization and kinetic modelling
Burghate et al.	2014	Biological denitrification—A review
US5259959A (en)	1993-11-09	Anoxic ammonia oxidation
Van Loosdrecht et al.	2004	Use of Anammox in urban wastewater treatment
Yamamoto-Ikemoto et al.	2000	Nitrogen removal from hydroponic culture wastewater by autotrophic denitrification using thiosulfate
Rana et al.	2019	Enzymology of the nitrogen cycle and bioremediation of toxic nitrogenous compounds
Rahmani et al.	1995	Nitrite removal by a fixed culture in a submerged granular biofilter
Przytocka-Jusiak et al.	1984	Removal of nitrogen from industrial wastewaters with the use of algal rotating disks and denitrification packed bed reactor
Shivaraman et al.	2003	Anammox-A novel microbial process for ammonium removal
Yu et al.	2021	Sludge granulation and microbial activity in a stable CANON process by DO controlling and operating parameter optimization
Rhee et al.	1997	Nitrite accumulation in a sequencing batch reactor during the aerobic phase of biological nitrogen removal
Boiran et al.	1996	Nitrification and denitrification of liquid lagoon piggery waste in a biofilm infiltration-percolation aerated system (BIPAS) reactor
KR100346910B1 (ko)	2002-08-03	황과 패각을 이용한 독립 영양 탈질 공정
Chapanova et al.	2007	Effect of temperature and salinity on the wastewater treatment performance of aerobic submerged fixed bed biofilm reactors
Prakasam et al.	1980	Denitrification
Dixit et al.	2018	A review on nitritation process
Goswami et al.	2025	Nitrification and denitrification in wastewater treatment: Current status and challenges
Gandhi et al.	2023	International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences