NO329166B1 - Indolylmaleimidderivater, fremgangsmate for fremstilling derav, anvendelse av forbindelsene samt farmasoytisk sammensetning inneholdende en slik forbindelse. - Google Patents
Indolylmaleimidderivater, fremgangsmate for fremstilling derav, anvendelse av forbindelsene samt farmasoytisk sammensetning inneholdende en slik forbindelse. Download PDFInfo
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- NO329166B1 NO329166B1 NO20044613A NO20044613A NO329166B1 NO 329166 B1 NO329166 B1 NO 329166B1 NO 20044613 A NO20044613 A NO 20044613A NO 20044613 A NO20044613 A NO 20044613A NO 329166 B1 NO329166 B1 NO 329166B1
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Abstract
Det er beskrevet forbindelser av formel I som er nyttige ved behandling og/eller forebyggelse av sykdommer eller lidelser formidlet ved T lymfocytter og/eller PKC, f.eks. akutt eller kronisk avvisning av organ eller vev allo- eller xenotransplantater, transplantat versus vertssykdommer, aterosklerose, vaskulær oklusjon på grunn av vaskulær skade, så som angioplasti, restenose, overvekt, syndrom X, svekket glykosetoleranse, polycystisk ovarialsyndrom, hypertensjon, hjertesvikt, kronisk obstruktiv pulmonal sykdom, CNS-sykdommer så som Alzheimers sykdom eller amyotrofisk lateral sklerose, kreft, infektiøse sykdommer så som AIDS, septisk sjokk, eller "adult respiratory distress syndrome", ischemi/reperfusjonsskade, f.eks. myokardialt infarkt, slag, tarmischemi, nyresvikt eller blødningssjokk eller traumatisk sjokk, f.eks. traumatisk hjemeskade. Forbindelsene av formel I er også nyttige ved behandling og/eller forebyggelse av T-celleformidlede akutte eller kroniske inflammatoriske sykdommer eller lidelser eller autoimmunsykdommer, feks. reumatoid artritt, osteoartritt, systemisk lupus erytematosus, Hashimotos tyroiditt, multiple sklerose, myastenla gravis, diabetes type I eller II og lidelser forbundet med dette, f eks. angiopati, diabetisk proliferativ retinopati, diabetisk makulær ødem, nefropati, neuropati og "dawn" fenomen, respiratoriske sykdommer så som astma eller inflammatorisk lungeskade, inflammatorisk leverskade, inflammatorisk glomerulær skade, kutane manifestasjoner av immunologisk formidlede lidelser eller sykdommer, inflammatoriske og hyperproliferative hudsykdommer (så som psoriasis, atopisk dermatitt, allertisk kontaktdermatitt, irritant kontaktderrnatitt og ytterligere eksematøse dermatitter, seboreisk dermatitt), inflammatoriske øyensykdommer, feks. Sjøgrens syndrom, keratokonjunktivitt eller uveititt, inflammatorisk tarmsykdom, Crohns sykdom eller ulcerativ kolitt.
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører indolylmaleimidderivater, fremgangsmåte for deres fremstilling og farmasøytiske sammensetninger inneholdende disse, samt anvendelse av forbindelsene.
Nærmere bestemt tilveiebringer foreliggende oppfinnelse en forbindelse med formel I
hvori
Ra er H; CH3; eller isopropyl,
Rb er H; halogen; C].6alkoksy; eller Ci^alkyl, og
R er en rest av formel (e)
hvorRg er 4,7-diaza-spiro [2.5] okt-7-yl;
eller et salt derav.
Forbindelsene av formel I kan foreligge i fri form eller i saltform, for eksempel som addisjonssalter med for eksempel organiske eller uorganiske syrer, for eksempel, saltsyre, eddiksyre, trifluoreddiksyre.
Det vil være åpenbart at forbindelsene av formel I kan eksistere i form av optiske isomerer, racemater eller diastereoisomerer. For eksempel er et ringkarbonatom som bærer en substituent i stilling 3 av piperazinylresten asymmetrisk og kan ha R- eller S-konfigurasjon. Det skal også understrekes at foreliggende oppfinnelse omfatter alle enantiomerer og deres blandinger. Enantiomerer er foretrukket fremfor racemater. Tilsvarende betraktninger gjelder i forhold til utgangsmaterialer som viser asymmetriske karbonatomer som nevnt.
Alkyl eller alkoksy kan være rettkjedet eller forgrenet. Halogen kan være F, Cl, Br eller I, fortrinnsvis F, Cl eller Br.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse omfatter også en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av en forbindelse av formel I, hvilken fremgangsmåte omfatter omsetning av en forbindelse av formel II
hvori Ra og Rb er som definert ovenfor, med en forbindelse av formel III
hvori R er som definert ovenfor,
og, om nødvendig, omdanning av den resulterende forbindelsen av formel I oppnådd i fri form til en saltform eller vice versa, om hensiktsmessig.
Fremgangsmåten kan hensiktsmessig bevirkes i nærvær av en sterk base, for eksempel t-BuOK, for eksempel som beskrevet i WO02/38561, og som vist i eksemplene.
Forbindelser av formel II og III kan fremstilles i henhold til kjente fremgangsmåter, for eksempel som beskrevet i WO02/38561, og som vist i eksemplene.
I den grad fremstillingen av utgangsmaterialene ikke er spesielt beskrevet, er forbindelsene kjente eller kan fremstilles analogt fremgangsmåter som er kjente innen teknikken eller som beskrevet i det følgende.
De følgende eksemplene er illustrerende.
RT = romtemperatur
THF = tetrahydrofuran
FCC = flashkolonnekromatografi
TBAF = telxabutylammoniiirnfluorid
BIN AP = 2,2'-bis(difenylfosfino)-l,l'-binaftyl Pd2(dba)3 = Pd(0)-bis(dibenzylidenaceton)
Eksempel 1: 3-[3-(4,7-Diaza-spiro[2.5]okt-7-yl)-isokinolin-l-yl]-4-(7-metyl-lH-indol-3-yl)-pyrrol-2,5-dion 2-[3-(4,7-Diaza-spiro[2.5]okt-7-yl)-isokinolin-l-yl]-acetamid (4,95 g, 16,70 mmol) og (7-Metyl-lH-indol-3-yl)-okso-eddiksyremetylester (5,44 g, 25,05 mmol) azeotropbehandles to ganger med tørr THF. Tørr THF (100 ml) tilsettes deretter, og under en atmosfære av argon tilsettes KOtBu (1,0 M i THF, 50 ml, 50 mmol) dråpevis i løpet av 20 minutter. Etter ytterligere 90 minutter indikerer TLC-analyse fullstendig omdanning av utgangsmaterialer. Reaksjonsblandingen fortynnes med H2O og ekstraheres to ganger med EtOAc. De kombinerte organiske lagene vaskes to ganger med mettet vandig NH4C1 oppløsning (tilbakeekstrahert), tørkes over Na2S04 og konsentreres. Rensing ved FCC (CH2Cl2/MeOH 100:0 til 98:2 til 96:4 til 94:6 til 92:8 til 90:10) gir forbindelsen i overskriften, som omdannes til dens acetatsalt ved konsentrasjon av en EtOH/AcOH oppløsning. <*>H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) 8 0,26 - 053 (br, 4 H), 1,89 (s, 3H, CH3COOH), 2,36 (s, 3H), 2,80 (br m, 2 H), 3,15 - 3,48 (br m, 2H), 6,14 (d, J = 8,2 HZ, 1H), 6,44 (dd, J = 8,2 / 7,4 Hz, 1H), 6,75 (d, J = 7,4 Hz, 1H), 7,00 (s, 1H), 7,02 (dd, J = 8,2 / 8,2 Hz, 1H), 7,40 (dd, J = 8,2 / 8,2 Hz, 1H), 7,59 (d, J = 8,2 Hz, 1H), 7,63 (d, J = 8,2 Hz, 1H), 7,63 (d, J = 8,2 Hz, 1H), 7,97 (d, J = 2,9 Hz, 1H), 11,04-11,21 (br, 1H), 11,86 (d, J = 2,9 Hz, 1H); ES-MS: 464 [M+H]<+>. 2-[3-(4,7-Diaza-spiro[2.5]okt-7-yl)-isokinolin-l-yl]-acetamid anvendt som utgangsmateriale kan fremstilles som følger: a) 2-[3-(4-Benzyl-4,7-diaza-spiro[2.5]okt-7-yl)-isokinolin-l-yl]-acetamid (490 mg, 1,27 mmol) oppløses i absolutt MeOH (5 ml). Pd på trekull (140 mg) tilsettes, så vel som ammoniumformat (200 mg, 3,17 mmol). Etter tilbakeløpsbehandling i 1 time (T = 75°C) tilsettes en ytterligere porsjon av ammoniumformat (200 mg, 3,17 mmol). TLC-analyse indikerer fullstendig omdanning av utgangsmateriale 1 time senere. Etter filtrering og konsentrasjon opptas resten i CH2CI2 og vaskes med vann (pH 10 ved tilsetning av 2 N NaOH). Det organiske laget tørkes over Na2SC>4 og oppløsningsmidlet fjernes. Rensing ved FCC (EtOAc/AcOH/H20 750:83:68 til 700:110:90 til 650:130:120 til 600:150:150) gir forbindelsen i overskriften som dens bis-acetatsalt. <*>H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) 5 0,46 - 0,52 (m, 4H), 2,88 (t, J = 5,5, 2H), 3,35 (s, 2H), 3,49 (t, J = 5,5, 2H), 3,94 (s, 2H), 6,77 (s, 1H), 7,00 (br s, 1H), 7,18 - 7,25 (m, 1H), 7,45 - 7,56 (m, 2H), 7,60 - 7,65 (m, 1H), 7,95 (d, J = 9,9,1H). ES-MS: 297 [M+H]<+>. b) 2-[3-(4-Benzyl-4,7-diaza-spiro[2.5]okt-7-yl)-isokinolin-l-yl]-acetamid [3-(4-Benzyl-4,7-diaza-spiro[2.5]okt-7-yl)-isokinolin-l-yl]-eddiksyreetylester (700 mg, 1,68 mmol) oppløses i tørr DMF under en atmosfære av argon. Formamid (224 ul, 254 mg, 5,64 mmol) tilsettes, og reaksjonsblandingen oppvarmes til 105°C. Ved denne temperaturen tilsettes NaOMe (312 ul av en 5,4 M oppløsning i MeOH, 91 mg, 1,68 mmol) dråpevis i løpet av 20 minutter. Etter 30 minutter ved 105°C indikerer TLC-analyse fullstendig omdanning av utgangsmateriale. Avkjøling av reaksjonsblandingen til RT etterfølges av tilsetning av vann og ekstraksjon med EtOAc. De organiske lagene vaskes med H20 (to ganger), tørkes over Na2S04 og konsentreres. Resten renses ved FCC (heksane/EtOAc 1:1 til 1:3 til 0:100 til EtOAc/MeOH 98:2) for å gi forbindelsen i overskriften. 'H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) 8 0,68 - 0,70 (m, 2H), 0,82 - 0,88 (m, 2H), 3,08 (t, J = 4,4, 2H), 3,45 (s, 2H), 3,58 (t, J = 4,4,2H), 3,96 (s, 2H), 4,27 (s, 2H), 5,3 - 5,5 (br, 1H), 6,55 - 6,7 (br, 1H), 6,72 (s, 1H), 7,26 - 7,36 (m, 6H), 7,51 (t, J = 8,8, 1H), 7,60 d, J = 9,9,1H), 8,02 (d, J = 9,9,1H); ES-MS: 387 [M+H]<+>. c) [3-(4-Benzyl-4,7-diaza-spiro[2.5]okt-7-yl)-isokinolin-l-yl]-eddiksyreetylester (3-klor-isokinolin-l-yl)-eddiksyreetylester (2,50 g, 10,01 mmol), 4-benzyl-4,7-diaza-spiro[2.5]oktan (2,23 g, 11,01 mmol), NaOtBu (1,06 g, 11,01 mmol), BINAP (249 mg, 0,40 mmol) og Palladium(II)-acetat (180 mg, 0,80 mmol) blandes under argon. Etter tilsetning av avgasset, tørr dioksan (36 ml), oppvarmes suspensjonen til 85°C. Etter 25 minutter ved 85°C indikerer HPLC-analyse en omdanning på 71%. Blandingen avkjøles til RT, fortynnes med EtOAc og vaskes med H2O og mettet vandig NH4CI (tilbakeekstrahert). De kombinerte organiske lagene tørkes over Na2S04, oppløsningsmidlet fjernes og resten renses ved FCC (heksan/EtOAc 100:0 til 96:4 til 93:7 til 90:10 til 85:15) for å gi forbindelsen i overskriften. <*>H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) 8 0,58 - 0,61 (m, 2H), 0,70 - 0,73 (m, 2H), 1,18 (t, J = 8,8, 3H), 2,98 (t, J = 5,5, 2H), 3,39 (s, 2H), 3,49 (t, J = 5,5, 2H), 3,86 (s, 2H), 4,12 (s, 2H), 4,12 (q, J = 8,8, 2H), 5,59 (s, 1H), 7,14 - 7,19 (m, 6H), 7,39 (t, J = 8,8,1H), 7,51 (d, J = 9,9, 1H), 7,78 (d, J = 9,9,1H); ES-MS: 417 [M+H]<+>.
d) (3-klor-isokinolin-1 -yl)-eddiksyreetylester
1,1,1,3,3,3-Heksametyl-disilazan (27,4 ml, 20,37 g, 126,2 mmol) oppløses i tørr toluen
(150 ml). Etter avkjøling til -78°C tilsettes langsomt n-BuLi (79 ml av en 1,6 M oppløsning i heksaner, 126,2 mmol) i løpet av 20 minutter. Den hvite suspensjonen omrøres ved -78°C i 15 minutter og ved RT i 15 minutter, etter hvilken tid en klar lys gul oppløsning oppnås. Denne oppløsningen kanyleres inn i en andre, to-halset kolbe, inneholdende Pd2(dba)3 (1,39 g, 1,51 mmol) og (2'-Dicykloheksylfosfanyl-bifenyl-2-yl)-dimetyl-amin (1,25 g, 3,18 mmol). Etter omrøring ved RT i 10 minutter avkjøles den klare, mørkerøde oppløsningen til -10°C. Eddiksyre tert-butylester (15,7 ml, 13,5 g, 116,1 mmol) tilsettes i løpet av 5 minutter. Etter 10 minutter ved -10 °C tilsettes 1,3-diklor-isokinolin (10,0 g, 50,49 mmol) i en porsjon. Den mørkt røde oppløsningen tillates å oppvarmes til RT. Etter 30 minutter ved RT indikerer TLC-analyse fullstendig omdanning av utgangsmaterialet. Reaksjonsblandingen filtreres gjennom en 2-cm pute av silisiumoksid, som renses med EtOAc/MeOH 98:2. Etter konsentrasjon renses resten ved FCC (toluen/CH2Cl2 2:1 til toluen/EtOAc 100:0 til 99:1 til 98:2 til 97:3 til 96:4 til 94:6 til 90:10) for å gi (3-klor-isokinolin-l-yl)-eddiksyre tert.-butylester. Denne forbindelsen oppløses i en mettet etanolisk oppløsning av HC1 (200 ml) og oppvarmes til tilbakeløp i 15 minutter. Konsentrasjon gir forbindelsen i overskriften i kvantitativt utbytte. 'H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) 8 1,17 (t, J = 8,8, 3H), 4,11 (q, J = 8,8, 2H), 4,28 (s, 2H), 7,51 - 7,57 (m, 1H), 7,61 (s, 1H), 7,61 - 7,66 (m, 1H), 7,72 (d, J = 8,8,1H), 7,98 (d, J = 8,8, 1H); ES-MS: 250 [M+H]<+>.
Ved å følge fremgangsmåten fra eksempel 1, men ved å anvende de egnede utgangsmaterialene, kan forbindelsene av formel I hvor R er en rest av formel (e), som angitt i tabell 5 nedenfor, oppnås.
Forbindelsene av formel I i fri form eller i farmasøytisk akseptabel saltform viser verdifulle farmakologiske egenskaper, for eksempel ved å inhibere Protein Kinase C (PKC), for eksempel PKC isoformer som a, p\ 8, e, r) eller 9 aktivitet, ved å inhibere T-celleaktivering og proliferasjon, for eksempel ved å inhibere produksjon av T-celler eller cytokiner, for eksempel JL- 2, ved å inhibere den proliferative responsen av T-celler på cytokiner, for eksempel IL-2, for eksempel som angitt i in vitro og in vivo tester og er derfor indikert for terapi.
A. In vitro
1. Proteinkinase C analyse
Forbindelsene av formel I testes for deres aktivitet på forskjellige PKC isoformer i henhold til en publisert fremgangsmåte. (D. Geiges et al. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1997;53:865-875). Analysen utføres i en 96-brønns polypropylenmikrotiterplate (Costar 3794) som på forhånd er silikonisert med Sigmacote (Sigma SL-2). Reaksjonsblandingen (50 ml) inneholder 10 ml av det relevante PKC isozymet sammen med 25 ml av forsøksforbindelsen og 15 ml av en blandeoppløsning som inneholder 200 u.g/ml protaminsulfat, 10 raM Mg(N03)2) 10 uM ATP (Boehringer 519987) og 3750 Bq av <33>P-ATP (Hartmann Analytic SFC301, HOTBq/mmol) i 20 mM Tris-buffer pH 7,4 + 0,1% BSA. Inkuberingen utføres i 15 minutter ved 32°C i en mikrotiterplate-rysteinkubator (Biolabo Scientific Instruments). Reaksjonen stoppes ved tilsetning av 10 ml av 0,5 M Na2EDTA, pH 7,4. 50 ml blanding pipetteres på et på forhånd fuktet fosforcellulosepapir (Whatmann 3698-915) under forsiktig trykk. Ikke-inkorporert ATP vaskes bort med 100 ml dobbeltdestillert H2O. Papiret vaskes to ganger i 0,5% H3PO4 i 15 minutter etterfulgt av 5 minutter i EtOH. Deretter tørkes papiret og plasseres i omnifilter (Packard 6005219), og overlagres med 10 ul /brønn Microscint-0 (Packard 6013611) før telling i en Topcount radioaktivitetsteller (Packard). IC50 måling utføres på en rutinemessig basis ved å inkubere en serievis fortynning av inhibitor ved konsentrasjoner varierende mellom 1-1000 uM i henhold til fremgangsmåten beskrevet ovenfor. IC50 verdier beregnes fra kurven ved sigmoidal kurvetilpasning.
2. Proteinkinase C 8 Analyse
Human rekombinant PKCØ anvendes under analysebetingelsene som beskrevet ovenfor. I denne analysen inhiberer forbindelser av formel I PKC 9 med en IC50 ^ 1 uM. Forbindelser ifølge eksempel 1 inhiberer PKC9 i denne analyse med en IC50 på 12,1 nM.
3. Proteinkinase Ca Aanalvse
Human rekombinant PKCa ble oppnådd fra Oxford Biomedical Research og anvendes under analysebetingelser som beskrevet under del A.1 ovenfor. I denne analysen inhiberer forbindelser av formel I PKC 9 med en IC50 ^ 1 uM.
4. Proteinkinase C( 31 Analyse
Human rekombinant PKCpi ble oppnådd fra Oxford Biomedical Research og anvendes under analysebetingelser som beskrevet under del A.l ovenfor. I denne analysen inhiberer forbindelser med formel I PKC 9 med en IC50 < 1 uM.
5. Proteinkinase C8 Analyse
Human rekombinant PKC8 ble oppnådd fra Oxford Biomedical Research og anvendes under analysebetingelser som beskrevet under del A.l ovenfor. I denne analysen inhiberer forbindelser av formel I PKC 9 med en IC50 ^ 1 f^M.
6. Proteinkinase Ce Aanalvse
Human rekombinant PKCe PÅ,e oppnådd fra Oxford Biomedical Research og anvendes under analysebetingelsene som beskrevet under del A.l ovenfor. I denne analysen inhiberer forbindelser av formel I PKC 0 med en IC50 ^ 1 uM. Forbindelsen ifølge eksempel 1 inhiberer PKCe i denne analysen med en IC50 på 18 nM.
7. Proteinkinase Cn Analyse
Human rekombinant PKCr| ble oppnådd fra Pan Vera og anvendes under analysebetingelsene som beskrevet under del A. 1 ovenfor. I denne analysen inhiberer forbindelser av formel I PKC 9 med en IC50 < 1 uM.
8. CD28 samstimuleringsanalyse
Analysen utføres med Jurkat-celler transfektert med en human interleukin-2 promotor/reportergenkonstruksjon som beskrevet av Baumann G et al. i Transplant.Proc. 1992;24:43-8, idet 13-galaktosidasereportergenet er erstattet med luciferasegenet (de Wet J., et al., Mol. Cell Biol. 1987, 7(2), 725-737). Celler stimuleres ved fast fase-koblede antistoffer eller forbolmyristatacetat (PMA) og Ca<**> ionofor ionomycin som følger. For antistoff-formidlet stimulering belegges Micro lite TM1 mikrotiterplater (Dynatech) med 3 u.g/ml geit anti-mus IgG Fc antistoffer (Jackson) i 55 ul fosfat-bufret saltvannsoppløsning (PBS) pr. brønn i tre timer ved RT. Plater blokkeres etter fjernelse av antistoffene ved inkubering med 2% bovint serumalbumin (BSA) i PBS (300 ul pr. brønn) i 2 timer ved RT. Etter vasking tre ganger med 300 ul PBS pr. brønn tilsettes 10 ng/ml anti-T cellereseptor antistoffer (WT31, Becton & Dickinson) og 300 ng/ml anti-CD28 antistoffer (15E8) i 50 ul 2% BSA/PBS som stimulerende antistoffer og inkuberes over natten ved 4°C. Endelig vaskes platene tre ganger med 300 ul PBS pr. brønn. Syv tre-gangers serievise fortynninger av forsøks-forbindelser i duplikater i analysemedium (RPMI1640/10% føtalt kalveserum (FCS) inneholdende 50 uM 2-merkaptoetanol, 100 enheter/ml penicillin og 100 u.g/ml streptomycin) prepareres i separate plater, blandes med transfekterte Jurkat-celler (klon K22 290_H23) og inkuberes i 30 minutter ved 37°C i 5% C02. 100 ul av denne blandingen inneholdende lxlO<5> celler overføres deretter til de antistoffbelagte analyse-platene. Parallelt inkuberes 100 ul med 40 ng/ml PMA og 2 uM ionomycin. Etter inkubering i 5,5 timer ved 37°C i 5% CO2 bestemmes nivået av luciferase ved bioluminescensmåling. Platene sentrifugeres i 10 minutter ved 500 g og supernatanten fjernes ved rask bevegelse. Lyseringsbuffer inneholdende 25 mM Tris-fosfat, pH 7,8, 2 mM DTT, 2 mM l,2-diaminocykloheksan-N,N,N',N-tetraeddiksyre, 10 % (v/v) glycerol og 1 % (v/v) Triton X-100 tilsettes (20 ul pr. brønn). Platene inkuberes ved RT i 10 minutter under konstant rysting. Luciferaseaktivitet bedømmes med en bioluminescens-avleser (Labsystem, Helsinki, Finland) etter automatisk tilsetning av 50 ul pr. brønn av luciferasereaksjonsbuffer inneholdende 20 mM Tricine, 1,07 mM (MgC03)4Mg(OH)2x5H20, 2,67 mM MgS04, 0,1 mM EDTA, 33,3 mM DTT, 270 uM koenzym A, 470 uM luciferin (Chemie Brunschwig AG), 530 uM ATP, pH 7,8. Forsinkelsestid er 0,5 sekunder, total måletid er 1 eller 2 sekunder. Lave kontrollverdier er lette enheter fra anti-T cellereseptor- eller PMA-stimulerte celler, høye kontroller er fra anti-T cellereseptor/anti-CD28- eller PMA/ionomycin-stimulerte celler uten noen testprøve. Lave kontroller subtraheres fra alle verdier. Inhiberingen oppnådd i nærvær av en testforbindelse beregnes som prosent inhibering av den høye kontrollen. Konsentrasjonen av testforbindelser som resulterer i 50% inhibering (IC50) bestemmes fra dose-responskurvene. I denne analysen inhiberer forbindelser av formel I anti-T cellereseptor/anti-CD28 og PMA/ionomycinstimulerte Jurkat-celler med en IC50 ^ 1 uM.
9. Allogenisk blandet lymfocvttreaksjon ( MLR)
To-veis MLR utføres i henhold til standard prosedyrer (J. Immunol. Methods, 1973, 2, 279 og Meo T. et al., Immunological Methods, New York, Academic Press, 1979,227-39). Kort sammenfattet inkuberes miltceller fra CBA og BALB/c mus (1,6 x IO<5> celler fra hver stamme pr. brønn i flatbunnede vevskulturmikrotiterplater, 3,2 x IO<5> totalt) i RPMI medium inneholdende 10% FCS, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 ng/ml streptomycin (Gibco BRL, Basel, Sveits), 50 uM 2-merkaptoetanol (Fluka, Buchs, Sveits) og serievis fortynnede forbindelser. Syv tre-gangers fortynningstrinn i duplikater pr. forsøksforbindelse utføres. Etter fire dagers inkubering tilsettes 1 uCi <3>H-tymidin. Celler høstes etter en ytterligere fem-timers inkuberingsperiode og inkorporert 3H-tymidin bestemmes i henhold til standardfremgangsmåter. Bakgrunnsverdier (lav kontroll) av MLR er proliferasjonen av BALB/c celler alene. Lave kontroller subtraheres fra alle verdier. Høye kontroller uten noen prøve tas som 100% proliferasjon. Prosent inhibering med prøvene beregnes, og konsentrasjonene påkrevd for 50% inhibering (IC50 verdier) bestemmes. I denne analysen har en forbindelse ifølge eksemplene en IC50 på 28 nM. Forbindelser av formel I inhiberer også IC50 verdier i nM-området når de testes i human ml R.
10. Inhibering av GSK- 3B
GSK-3P bindingsanalysen utføres i 50 reaksjoner i 96 brønns polypropylenplate, hver reaksjon inneholdende 20 mM magnesiumklorid, 40 uM ATP, 2 mM DTT, 88,5 uM biotinylert og fosforylert CREB-peptidsubstrat (biotin-KRREILSRRPS(P04)YR-OH ; Q. M. Wang et al., J. Biol. Chem. 269,14566-14574,1994), [y-<33>P]ATP (luCi) og 2)4.1 forbindelsen som skal testes i DMSO (forskjellige konsentrasjoner). 15ul av GSK-3P (forskjellige konsentrasjoner) tilsettes og blandingen inkuberes ved 30°C i 1 time. Reaksjonen stoppes ved å overføre 25 ul av blandingen til fosfocelluloseplaten inneholdende 130 ul av 1,85% fosforsyre. De frie radionukleotidene i membranen vaskes av under vakuum med 1,85% fosforsyre (5 ganger). Etter siste vask overføres platen til en adaptorplate og 50 ul av scintillasjonscocktail (Microscint-20, Packard, kat. # 20-133) tilsettes til hver brønn og mengden radioaktivitet telles i en toppteller. Forbindelser av formel I er aktive i denne analysen. Forbindelser av formel I kan også testes i andre standard GSK-3P bindingsanalyser ved anvendelse av andre substrater, for eksempel som kommersielt tilgjengelige.
B. In vivo
Rottehi ertetransplantasi on
Stammekombinasjonen som anvendes: Hannlige Lewis (RT<1> haplotype) og BN (RT<1 >haplotype). Dyrene bedøves ved å anvende inhaleringsisofluoran. Etter heparinisering av donorrotten gjennom den abdominale inferior vena cava med samtidig utblødning via aorta, åpnes brystet og hjertet avkjøles raskt. Aorta ligeres og deles distalt til den første grenen og den brachiocefaliske torso deles ved den første bifurkasjonen. Den venstre pulmonare arterien ligeres og deles og den høyre siden deles, men etterlates åpen. Alle andre kar dissikeres fri, ligeres og deles og donorhjertet fjernes i isavkjølt saltvannsoppløsning.
Mottakeren prepareres ved dissekering og kryssklemming av den infra-renale abdominale aorta og vena cava. Transplantatet implanteres med ende-til-side anastomoser, ved anvendelse av 10/0 monofilamentsutur, mellom donor brachiocephalisk torso og mottaker aorta og donor-høyre pulmonar arterie til mottaker vena cava. Klemmene fjernes, transplantatet festes retroabdominalt, abdominalinnholdet vaskes med varm saltvannsoppløsning og dyret lukkes og tillates å komme seg under en varmelampe. Transplantatoverlevelse overvåkes ved daglig palpering av det slående donorhj ertet gjennom abdominalveggen. Avvisning anses å være fullstendig når hjertet stopper å slå. Økning av transplantatoverlevelse oppnås i dyr behandlet med en forbindelse med formel I administrert oralt ved en daglig dose på 1 til 30 mg/kg bid.
Transplantat v. vertmodell
Miltceller (2xl0<7>) fra Wistar/F rotter injiseres subkutant i den høyre bakfotputen av (Wistar/F x Fischer 344)Fj hybridrotter. Den venstre fotputen etterlates ubehandlet. Dyrene behandles med testforbindelsene på 4 etterfølgende dager (0-3). De popliteale lymfeknutene fjernes på dag 7, og vektforskjellene mellom to tilsvarende lymfeknuter bestemmes. Resultatene uttrykkes som inhiberingen av lymfeknuteforstyrrelse (gitt i prosent) sammenlignet med lymfeknutevektforskjellene i forsøksgrupper med vektforskjellene mellom tilsvarende lymfeknuter fra en gruppe av dyr som er ubehandlet med en forsøksforbindelse. I denne analysen oppnås en inhibering på 100% med en forbindelse ifølge eksemplene når den administreres ved en dose på 30 mg/kg/dag bid.
Forbindelser av formel I er derfor nyttige ved behandling og/eller forebyggelse av sykdommer eller lidelser formidlet ved T lymfocytter og/eller PKC, for eksempel akutt eller kronisk avvisning av organ eller vev allo- eller xenografter, transplantat versus vertssykdommer, aterosklerose, vaskulær okklusjon på grunn av vaskulatorisk skade, så som angioplasti, restenose, overvekt, syndrom X, svekket glukosetoleranse, polycystisk ovarialsyndrom, hypertensjon, hjertesvikt, kronisk obstruktiv pulmonar sykdom, CNS sykdommer så som Alzheimer-sykdom eller amyotrofisk lateral sklerose, kreft, infektiøse sykdommer, så som AIDS, septisk sjokk eller ARDS "adult respiratory distress syndrome", ischemi/reperfusjonsskade for eksempel myokardialt infarkt, slag, tarmischemi, nyresvikt eller blødningssjokk eller traumatisk sjokk, for eksempel traumatisk hjerneskade. Forbindelsene av formel I er også nyttige ved behandling og/eller forebyggelse av T-celleformidlet akutte eller kroniske inflammatoriske sykdommer eller lidelser eller autoimmunsykdommer, for eksempel reumatoid artritt, osteoartritt, systemisk lupus erythematosus, Hashimotos thyroiditt, multippel sklerose, myasfhenia gravis, diabetes type I eller II og lidelser forbundet med dette, for eksempel angiopati, diabetisk proliferativ retinopati, diabetisk makulært ødem, nefropati, neuropati og "dawn" fenomen, respiratoriske sykdommer så som astma eller inflammatorisk lungeskade, inflammatorisk leverskade, inflammatorisk glomerulær skade, kutane manifestasjoner av immunologisk-formidlede lidelser eller sykdommer, inflammatoriske og hyperproliferative hudsykdommer (så som psoriasis, atopisk dermatitt, allergisk kontaktdermatitt, irritant kontaktdermatitt og ytterligere eksematøse dermatitter, seborrisk dermatitt), inflammatoriske øyesykdommer, for eksempel Sjoegrens syndrom, keratokonjunktivitt eller uveitt, inflammatorisk tarmsykdom, Crohns sykdom eller ulcerativ kolitt. For de ovenfor nevnte anvendelsene vil den påkrevde doseringen naturligvis variere avhengig av administrasjonsmåten, den spesielle lidelsen som behandles og den ønskede effekten. Generelt er det indikert at tilfredsstillende resultater oppnås systemisk ved daglige doseringer på fra ca. 0,1 til ca. 100 mg/kg kroppsvekt. En indikert daglig dosering i større pattedyr, for eksempel mennesker, er i området fra ca. 0,5 mg til ca. 2000 mg, hensiktsmessig administrert, for eksempel, i oppdelte doser opp til fire ganger daglig eller i retard-form.
Forbindelsene av formel I kan administreres ved en hvilken som helst konvensjonell fremgangsmåte, spesielt enteralt, for eksempel oralt, for eksempel i form av tabletter eller kapsler, eller parenteralt, for eksempel i form av injiserbare oppløsninger eller suspensjoner, topisk, for eksempel i form av lotions, geler, salver eller kremer, eller i nasal- eller suppositorieform. Farmasøytiske preparater omfattende en forbindelse av formel I i fri form eller i farmasøytisk akseptabel saltform i forbindelse med minst en farmasøytisk akseptabel bærer eller et fortynningsmiddel, kan fremstilles på konvensjonell måte ved blanding med en farmasøytisk akseptabel bærer eller et fortynningsmiddel. Enhetsdoseirngsformer for oral administrasjon inneholder, for eksempel, fra ca. 0,1 mg til ca. 500 mg aktivt stoff.
Topisk administrering er for eksempel på huden. En ytterligere form for topisk administrering er til øyet.
Forbindelsene av formel I kan administreres i fri form eller i farmasøytisk akseptabel saltform, for eksempel som angitt ovenfor. Slike salter kan fremstilles på konvensjonell måte og vise den same størrelsesorden av aktivitet som de frie forbindelsene.
I samsvar med foregående tilveiebringer foreliggende oppfinnelse videre:
1.1 En forbindelse av formel I, som omtalt ovenfor, i fi rform eller i en farmasøytisk akseptabel saltform for anvendelse som farmasøytisk middel; 1.2 En farmasøytisk sammensetning omfattende en forbindelse av formel I, som omtalt ovenfor, eller et farmasøytisk akseptabelt salt derav sammen med et farmasøytisk akseptabelt fortynningsmiddel eller en bærer for denne; 2. Anvendelse av en forbindelse av formel I, som omtalt ovenfor eller et farmasøytisk akseptabelt salt derav, for fremstilling av et farmasøytisk preparat for anvendelse ved behandling eller forebyggelse av akutt eller kronisk avvisning av organ- eller vevsallografter eller grant- versus vertsykdommer.
Forbindelser av formel I kan administreres som eneste aktive bestanddel eller sammen med andre legemidler i immunomodulerende behandlinger eller andre anti-inflammatoriske midler, for eksempel for behandling eller forebyggelse av allo- eller xenograft, akutt eller kronisk avvisning eller inflammatoriske lidelser eller autoimmune lidelser. For eksempel kan de anvendes i kombinasjon med cyklosporiner, eller ascomyciner eller deres immunoundertrykkende analoger eller derivater, for eksempel cyklosporin A, ISA 1x247, FK-506, ABT-281, ASM 981; en mTOR inhibitor, for eksempel rapamycin, 40-O-(2-hydroksy)etyl-rapamycin, CCI779, ABT578 eller en rapalog, for eksempel AP23573 etc.; kortikosteroider; cyklofosfamid; azatiopren; metotreksat; en EDG reseptoragonist som har akselerende lymfocytt "homing" egenskaper, for eksempel FTY 720 eller en analog derav; leflunomid eller analoger derav; mizoribin; mykofenolsyre; mykofenolatmofetil; 15-deoksyspergualin eller analoger derav; immunoundertrykkende monoklonale antistoffer, for eksempel, monoklonale antistoffer til leukocyttreseptorer, for eksempel, MHC, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD lla/CD18, CD7, CD25, CD 27, B7, CD40, CD45, CD58, CD 137, ICOS, CD150 (SLAM), OX40,4-1BB eller deres ligander, for eksempel CD 154; eller andre immunomodulatoriske forbindelser, for eksempel et rekombinantbindende molekyl som har minst en del av det ekstracellulære domenet av CTLA4 eller en mutant derav, for eksempel minst en ekstracellulær del av CTLA4 eller en mutant derav sammenføyet i en ikke-CTLA4 proteinsekvens, for eksempel CTLA4Ig (for eksempel betegnet ATCC 68629) eller en mutant derav, for eksempel LEA29Y, eller andre adhesjonsmolekyl-inhibitorer, for eksempel mAbs eller inhibitorer av lav molekylvekt innbefattende LFA-1 antagonister, Selectin antagonister og VLA-4 antagonister. Forbindelser av formel I kan også administreres sammen med et antiproliferativt legemiddel, for eksempel et kjemoterapeutisk legemiddel, for eksempel som anvendt ved kreftbehandling, for eksempel aromataseinhibitorer, antiøstrogener, topoisomerase I inhibitorer, topoisomerase II inhibitorer, mikrotubul aktive midler, alkylerende midler, histondeacetylaseinhibitorer, farnesyltransferaseinhibitorer, COX-2 inhibitorer, MMP inhibitorer, mTOR inhibitorer, antineoplastiske antimetabolitter, platinforbindelser, forbindelser som reduserer proteinkinaseaktiviteten og ytterligere anti-angiogeniske forbindelser, gonadorelinagonister, anti-androgener, bengamider, bisfosfonater, antiproliferative antistoffer og temozolomid, eller med et anti-diabetisk legemiddel, en insulinsekretagog eller et insulinsekresjonsfremmende middel, for eksempel sulfonylurea, for eksempel tolbutamid, klorpropamid, tolazamid, acetoheksamid, 4-klor-N-[(l -pyrolidinylamino)karbonyl]-benzensulfonamid (glykopyramid), glibenklamid (glyburid), gliklazid, l-butyl-3-metanilylurea, karbutamid, glibonurid, glipizid, gliquidon, glisoksepid, glybutiazole, glibuzol, glyheksamid, glymidin, glypinamid, fenbutamid eller tolylcyklamid, et oralt insulinotropisk middelderivat, for eksempel et kortvirkende insulinfremmende middel, for eksempel meglitinid, repaglinid, et fenyleddiksyrederivat, for eksempel nateglinid, en DPPIV inhibitor, for eksempel l-{2-[(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino]etylamino}acetyl-(2S)-cyano-pyrrolidin dihydroklorid, LAF237, GLP-1 eller en GLP-1 agonist analog, eller et insulinsensitiserende middel, for eksempel en peroksisom proliferatoraktivert reseptor y agonist (PPARy), for eksempel et glitazon, en ikke-glitazontype så som N-(2-benzoylfenyl)-L-tyrosin analog, for eksempel GI-262570, eller et oksolidinedion, for eksempel JTT501, en dual PPARy/PPARa agonist, for eksempel DRF-554158, NC-2100 eller NN-622, en retinoid X reseptoragonist eller et reksinoid, for eksempel 2-[l-(3,5,5,8,8-pentametyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naftyl)-cyklopropyl]-pyridin-5-karboksylsyre, 4-[(3,5,5,8,8-pentametyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naftyl)-2-karbonyl]-benzosyre, 9-cis retinsyre eller en analog, derivat eller et farmasøytisk akseptabelt salt derav, ved diabetesterapi.
Når en inhibitor av GSK-3p\ PKC eller av T-celleaktivering og proliferasjon, for eksempel en forbindelse av formel I, administreres i forbindelse med annen immunoundertrykkende/immunomodulatorisk, anti-inflammatorisk, antiproliferativ eller anti-diabetisk terapi, for eksempel for å forebygge eller behandle akutt eller kronisk transplantatavvisning eller inflammatoriske eller autoimmunsykdommer som angitt ovenfor, vil doseringer av den samadministrerte immunoundertrykkende, immunomodulatoriske, anti-inflammatoriske, antiproliferative eller anti-diabetiske forbindelsen naturligvis variere avhengig av typen samtidig legemiddel som anvendes, for eksempel om det er et steroid eller et cyklosporin, av det spesifikke legemidlet som anvendes, av lidelsen som behandles osv.
Forbindelser av formel I har en interessant farmakokinetisk profil og interessante in vitro og in vivo aktiviteter.
Claims (7)
1.
Forbindelse, karakterisert ved formell
hvori
Ra er H; CH3; eller isopropyl,
Rb er H; halogen; d.6alkoksy; eller Ci-6alkyl, og R er en rest av formel (e)
hvori
R9 er 4,7-diaza-spiro [2.5] okt-7-yl;
eller et salt derav.
2.
Forbindelse ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at den er valgt fra følgende forbindelser: 3-[3-(4,7-diaza-spiro[2.5]okt-7-yl)-isoquinolin-l-yl]-4-(7-metyl-lH-indol-3-yl)-pyrrol-2,5-dion eller en forbindelse av formel I hvor substituenten er definert som følger:
eller et salt derav.
3.
Forbindelse av formel I ifølge krav 1, karakterisertvedat den er 3-[3-(4,7-diaza-spiro[2.5]okt-7-yl)-isoquinolin-l-yl]-4-(7-metyl-lH-indol-3-yl)-pyrrol-2,5-dion eller et salt derav.
4.
Forbindelse av formel I ifølge et hvilket som helst av krav 1 - 3, i fri form eller i en farmasøytisk akseptabel saltform for anvendelse som et farmasøytisk middel.
5.
Farmasøytisk sammensetning, karakterisert ved at den omfatter en forbindelse av formel I ifølge et hvilket som helst av krav 1-3 eller et farmasøytisk akseptabelt salt derav sammen med et farmasøytisk akseptabelt fortynningsmiddel eller en bærer for denne.
6.
Anvendelse av en forbindelse av formel I i henhold til et hvilket som helst av krav 1-3 eller et farmasøytisk akseptabelt salt derav, for fremstilling av et farmasøytisk preparat for anvendelse ved behandling eller forebyggelse av akutt eller kronisk avvisning av organ- eller vevsallografter eller graft- versus vertsykdommer.
7.
Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av en forbindelse av formel I ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at den omfatter omsetning av en forbindelse med formel II
hvori Ra og Rb er som definert i krav 1, med en forbindelse av formel III
hvori R er som definert i krav 1,
og, om nødvendig, omdanning av den resulterende forbindelsen av formel I oppnådd i fri form til en saltform eller vice versa, om hensiktsmessig.
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