NO783751L - Fremgangsmaate for utformning av roer - Google Patents
Fremgangsmaate for utformning av roerInfo
- Publication number
- NO783751L NO783751L NO783751A NO783751A NO783751L NO 783751 L NO783751 L NO 783751L NO 783751 A NO783751 A NO 783751A NO 783751 A NO783751 A NO 783751A NO 783751 L NO783751 L NO 783751L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- mandrel
- edges
- strip
- rudder
- heat
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
- B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
- B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/36—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles
- B29C53/38—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges
- B29C53/48—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges for articles of indefinite length, i.e. bending a strip progressively
- B29C53/50—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges for articles of indefinite length, i.e. bending a strip progressively using internal forming surfaces, e.g. mandrels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
- B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
- B29C65/3644—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
- B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
- B29C65/3656—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a layer of a multilayer part to be joined, e.g. for joining plastic-metal laminates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
- B29C65/3672—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
- B29C65/3676—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic
- B29C65/368—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic with a polymer coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
- B29C65/7858—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus characterised by the feeding movement of the parts to be joined
- B29C65/7861—In-line machines, i.e. feeding, joining and discharging are in one production line
- B29C65/787—In-line machines, i.e. feeding, joining and discharging are in one production line using conveyor belts or conveyor chains
- B29C65/7873—In-line machines, i.e. feeding, joining and discharging are in one production line using conveyor belts or conveyor chains using cooperating conveyor belts or cooperating conveyor chains
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/49—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
- B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
- B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8122—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2795/00—Printing on articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
- B29C65/3668—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special induction coils
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
- B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
- B29C66/72327—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
- B29C66/72328—Paper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
- B29K2705/02—Aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
- B29K2705/08—Transition metals
- B29K2705/10—Copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2009/00—Layered products
- B29L2009/003—Layered products comprising a metal layer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
- Y10T156/1007—Running or continuous length work
- Y10T156/1008—Longitudinal bending
- Y10T156/1013—Longitudinal bending and edge-joining of one piece blank to form tube
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Package Closures (AREA)
- Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Fremgangsmåte for utformning av ror.
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrorer fremstilling
av ror av en strimmel av en tynn, ikke-jernholdig metallfolie,
som på- minst en side er belagt med et varmemyknende materiale,
og hvor rorformen oppnås ved sammenforing av kantene og sammensmelting av det myknende materiale. Denne rortype benyttes som emballasje, spesielt for tannkrem, og har også mange andre anvendelser, som emballasje for krydder, klebestoff m.v.
Det er kjent å fremstille slike ror ved suksessiv boyning av. (den kontinuerlig fremmatede) strimmelen for over-lapping av kantene, mens de overlappede kanter mates frem
mellom et par sko som hver er oppvarmet ved elektrisk motstand. Fremgangsmåten er langsom og omstendelig, fordi utstyret med-
forer betyde'.ig varmeavlbp, slik at det er nodvendig å mate frem strimmelen langsomt for å sikre at tilstrekkelig varme passerer til grenseflaten. Det er folgelig en hensikt med foreliggende oppfinnelse å eliminere behovet for slike varme-
kilder og oke fremmatingshastigheten av roret som forbindes.
Ved de hittil benyttede dorer, har de oppvarmede
dorer kontakt med de motstående overlappingsflater fra ut-
siden og innsiden av roret, på samme måte som når et par duker klemmes fast mellom et par varme rortenger. Men det er plastflatene i kontakt med hverandre på innsiden av overlappingen, ikke de som er i kontakt med de varme elementer,
som skal sammensmeltes og forbindes. Folgelig utoves megen varme ved de kjente metoder på steder hvor det ikke er behov for den, for at den nodvendige varmemengde skai flyte til sammensmeltingssonen. Dette kan igjen medfore betydelig plastflytning eller rynking på utsiden av sommen, hvilket har en uheldig virkning på utseendet. Ved små plastror som skal påtrykkes bruksinformasjon går mye plass tapt, fordi trykkingen ville bli utydelig hvis den påfores i områder hvor plastflytning har funnet sted.
Andre formål med oppfinnelsen omfatter således tilveiebringelse av en mer effektiv (raskere, smalere) varme-forbundet sidesom for bedring av det estetiske utseende og for å oke det område av roret som kan påtrykkes lettlest tekst.
Et beslektet formål med oppfinnelsen er å utvikle utstyr som lettere kan styres med henblikk på den sammensmeltede sommens bredde.
Beholderen ifolge foreliggende oppfinnelse omfatter
en ikke-jernholdig, metallisk-folie. Den kan bestå av aluminium eller kopper eller et annet ikke-jernholdig metall. En hensikt med folien-kan være å sikre innholdet (f.eks. medisin, mat tannkrem) mot oksydasjon eller forurensning. Metallkanten bor derfor ikke være- i kontakt med innholdet. En annen hensikt med foreliggende qppfinelse er å sikre at det blottlagte metall blir dekket av eller leiret i plasten for slike anvendelses-formål.
Andre formål med foreliggende oppfinnelse er å til-veiebringe rorformede legemer med de ovenfor angitte egenskaper, som omfatter et rbrformet legeme med en konsentrisk hylse av ikke-jernholdig metall som er fullstendig leiret i en hylse av plast og således fullstendig innesluttet i plast, inklusive de overlappede eller mot hverandre stotende kanter av folien,
slik at det oppnås mange anvendelsesområder, især med henblikk på en elektrisk ledende metallhylse som er fullstendig isolert innvendig og utvendig.
I tegningen viser
fig. 1 et oppriss av en strimmel som blir brettet til
et ror,
fig. 2 et partielt snitt av det brettede ror i
storre målestokk enn fig. 1, som viser overlappinssommen,
fig. 3 en perspektiv-gjengivelse av.et foretrukket utforelseseksempel av oppfinnelsen,
fig. 4 en gjengivelse i detalj, som viser en måte
å holde igjen overlappingen og mate frem roret på mens forbindelses-sommen fremstilles,
fig. 5 et partielt sideriss av overlappingssommen,
hvor det fremgår skjematisk hvorledes den sammensmeltede forbindelse opprettes,
fig. 5a en kurve som angir en typisk termisk gradient, og
fig. 6 et partielt sideriss av en form av en fullfort forbindelse.
I tegningens fig. 1 sees en endelos strimmel 10,
som mates fra en ikke vist rull og etter hvert brettes slik at de motstående kanter 12 blir fort sammen eventuelt overlappet for dannelse av roret 14- Et rorparti er vist i fig. 2, hvor sidekantene er overlappet for sidesommen fullfores.
Strimmelmaterialet 10 omfatter et laminat med en ikke-jernholdig metallfolie 16 (f.eks.•aluminium), fig. 2,
som på minst en side eller somflate er belagt med et varme-smeltende materiale, som'polyetylen 18. For de fleste anvendelsesområder er den ikke-jernholdige metallfolie 16
belagt med plast på begge flater, slik at det foreligger et andre polyetylenplastlag 22 på rorets utside. Ytter-
kantene av strimmelen viser blottlagt, ubelagt metall.
De motstående sidekanter 12 av strimmelen 10 fores sammen på kjent måte, f.eks. ved hjelp av et foldebånd, som ikke er vist idet det representerer kjent teknikk.
I fig. 3 sees et foretrukket utforelseseksempel
av oppfinnelsen. Her fores rorformen 14 med de overlappende kanter 12 i lengderetning gjennom en radiofrekvens-spiral (kopper, vannavkjolt) 24 som.oppretter et induksjonsfelt, hvilket forer til hvirvelstrommer i metallfolien og fremkaller termisk mykning og sammensmelting av de overlappende plastflater i sidesommen.
Det involverte termiske fenomen er illustrert i
fig. 5°S 6* I fig- 5 skal skyggeleggingen vise at den heteste flate befinner seg i foliekantområdet og avtar utover. Fig. ^a viser en tilsvarende, typisk' termisk gradientkurve. Dette betyr at varmen for plastsmelting er konsentert i de overlappende folieflater og i plastmaterialet l8-2'2 som er begrenset mellom de nevnte folieflater. De blottlagte sidekanter E av metallfolien er ekstremt hete, varmere enn folie-lengden innenfor, slik at plasten, som vist i fig. 6,vil dekke de blottlagte kanter E av metallfolien under termisk flytning. Denne flytning for dekning av metallfoliens kanter kan ha av-gjorende betydning, når det' gjelder et ror som til slutt skal benyttes som beholder for fordoyelig eller svelgbart innhold,
som tannkrem, hvor innholdet kan forurenses av blottlagt.metall.
For å sikre rask opprettelse av en smal sammensmelt-ingsforbindelse, slik at roret kan mates gjennom induksjons- spiralen 24, med stor hastighet, foretrekkes en form av fremgangsmåten, hvor induksjonsfeltet intensiveres av en stang 26, fig. 3, av ferritt eller et likeverdig magnetiserbart materiale som forloper på linje med varmeforseglingens akse. Ferritt-stangen 26 er fortrinnsvis opptatt i en mottagende sliss i-en sylindrisk- ikke-jernholdig dor 28, over hvilken det overlappede ror.mates av ovennevnte foldebånd. En enkelt ferrittlengde kan benyttes eller to eller flere korte stenger kan anordnes butt-i-butt i slissen, som vist i fig. 3*
For ytterligere å -sikre et mer effektivt induksjonsfelt, er den avstottende dor 28 fortrinnsvis fremstilt av et ikke-jernholdig materiale med stor reluktans, som kopper eller et ikke-metallisk materiale. Endene av doren 28 strekker seg fortrinnsvis ut over endene av den magnetiserbare ferritt-stangen 26, som vist i fig. 3* Dorendene er festet til og avstottet av sylindriske akseitapper 29 og 30 av stål, som tjener til å fore roret som foldes over doren henholdsvis avstotte roret som er forsynt med sidesom og forlater doren.
Ved å strekke dorendene utad, som vist i fig. 3>sikres at akseltappene av stål ikke forstyrrer induktansfeltet.
Roret som skal forsynes med en sidesom, mates og
fores i lengderetning over doren 28 ved hjelp av et par mot-'stående styre- og matebånd 32 og 34>fig- 4>mellom hvilke rorets overlappede ender er innfanget. Båndet 34 har et tilbake-foringslop 34-R- En fast klemme eller foringssko 38 er anbragt over båndet 32 for å sikre at sidesom-overlappingen opprettholdes, dvs. at skoen 38 samvirker med båndene 32 og 34 for'å sikre at overlappingen ikke spriker. Fortrinnsvis benyttes skoen 38
for å sikre at sidesommen presses sammen eller glattes av båndene 32 og 34) slik at det sikres en intim trykk-kontakt mellom de motstående varmemyknede flater når de .forbindes' med hverandre. Avstandene i fig. 4 er overdrevne av oversiktlighets-hensyn.
Klammeren AB i fig. 1 angir den^generelle plassering av delene som er vist i fig. 3°g 4-
Ved at fremgangsmåten gjennomføres som beskrevet ovenfor i forbindelse med fig. 3>kan bredden av varmeforseglingen, HS, fig. 1, lett styres slik at den blir minimal. Som nevnt ovenfor, oppstår den storste virkning på innsiden av sommen og ikke på utsiden av den blottlagte plast, som vist i fig. 2. Folgelig skjer det minimal rynking av plasten nær varmeforseglingen, sammenlignet med det som er vanlig ved de kjente metoder for opprettelse av en varmeforsegling ved hjelp av direkte oppvarmede dorer. Folgelig disponeres en storre, utvendig flate for påtrykking eller dekorasjon.
Strimmelens tykkelse kan være bare ca. 0,254 til 0,.304 mm og det kan da benyttes en frekvens på ca. fire-hunde-ogfemti kc. Metallfolien må ikke nodvendigvis bestå av aluminium. Hovedsaken er at folien ikke er jernholdig. 'Laminatet kan omfatte to eller flere innvendige folier., som er adskilt
■av plast og det kan også foreligge et papirlag som en del av laminatet.
Hvis folien består av et jernholdig metall (f.eks. rustfri stålfolie), vil det ikke oppnås effektiv oppvarming i de overlappende kanter. Plasten vil derimot mykne delvis rundt rorets overflate utenfor selve overlappingen, hvor plastflytning'og sammensmelting er av avgjarende betydning.
Oppfinnelsens prinsipp kan utnyttes for en butt-i-butt-skjot, idet plastflytning er utalt ved de blottlagte metallkanter, og samme prinsipp kan benyttes i forbindelse med en fold.
Uansett tykkelsen av overlappingssommen, kan kraftmengden lett justeres eller avstemmes.for den beste forsegling. Dette er særlig viktig, når utstyret skal benyttes for en strimmel av.storre eller mindre tykkelse enn en tidligere produksjonsserie. Det er nemlig bare nbdvendig å bruke mer eller mindre elektrisk kraft, hvilket representerer en momentan tilpasning uten forsinkelse, i motsetning til hva som var til-felle ved den tidligere bruk av direkte oppvarmede dorer, hvor det var nodvendig å vente på at dorene ble varmere eller kaldere.
Det kan således sammenfatningsvis sies at fremgangsmåten ifolge oppfinnelsen kan gjennomfores med storre hastighet på grunn av storre effektivitet av oppvarmingen,
at produktet ser bedre ut, fordi varmeforseglings-"båndet" er smalere,.at induktansfeltet kan varieres momentant og metallfoliens kanter kan leires i plast uten at det brukes mervvarme enn den som kreves for oppnåelse av bindingen.
Claims (6)
- !.■ Fremgangsmåte for kontinuerlig bretting til rorform og deretter varmeforsegling av de sidestilte kanter av en langstrakt, kontinuerlig strimmel av ikke-jernholdig metallfolie som på- minst en side er belagt med et varmemyknende materiale som er i stand til å forbindes ved mykning, karakteris ertvedat rorformen som har sidestilte sidekanter fores til et omsluttende forhold til en sirkulær dor av ikke-jernholdig materiale, at en stang av magn.etiserbart materiale anordnes i rorformen, på linje med varmeforseglingens akse og under fremmating av rorformen,at rorformen omgis av en induksjonsspiral, som eksiteres av•en hoyfrekvensstrom, som forer til at det myknende materiale smeltes for dannelse av varmeforsegiingen.
- 2. Fremgangsmåte som angitt i krav 1, karakterisert ved at sidekantene overlappes og at overlappingen trykkes sammen under varmeforsegiingen,
- 3- Fremgangsmåte•som angitt i krav 1 eller 2, hvor begge sideflater av strimmelen er belagt med plast og metall-kantene er blottlagt i begge ender av strimmelen, karakterisert ved at rorformen utformes slik at sidekantene over-lapper og at induktansfeltet reguleres-slik at det har tilstrekkelig intensitet for å sikre at plasten smelter for å dekke de blottlagte foliekanter i varmeforseglingsområdet.
- 4- Anordning for opprettelse av en sidesom ved sammensmelting av et ror som er fremstilt av en laminert strimmel av ikke-jernholdig metallfolie og et varmemyknende materiale, hvilken strimmel kan brettes til rorform og kan forbindes med seg ved mykning, karakterisert ved at anordningen omfatter en langstrakt., i det vesentlige sirkulær dor av ikke-jernholdig materiale, over hvilken laminatet mates, en induktan-spiral som omgir doren og en stang av magnetiserbart materiale innenfor.spiralen, hvorved stangen forlbper- på linje med dorens akse for intensivering av induktansfeltet i sidesomområdet.
- 5- Anordning som angitt i krav 4, karakterisert ved at den omfatter en akseltapp av jernholdig metall, som er avstottet i hver ende av doren.
- 6. Anordning som angitt i krav 4 eller 5, karakter, i-s e r t ved foringer som forloper aksialt i forhold til doren for å holde den foldede strimmel på doren med overlappende kanter, slik at sidesommen blir en overlappingssom.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/921,092 US4210477A (en) | 1978-06-30 | 1978-06-30 | Tube forming method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO783751L true NO783751L (no) | 1980-01-03 |
Family
ID=25444903
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO783751A NO783751L (no) | 1978-06-30 | 1978-11-08 | Fremgangsmaate for utformning av roer |
Country Status (23)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4210477A (no) |
| JP (1) | JPS558388A (no) |
| AR (1) | AR220727A1 (no) |
| AU (1) | AU519240B2 (no) |
| BE (1) | BE871223A (no) |
| BR (1) | BR7807681A (no) |
| CA (1) | CA1112951A (no) |
| CH (1) | CH636541A5 (no) |
| DD (1) | DD140541A5 (no) |
| DE (1) | DE2849239C2 (no) |
| DK (1) | DK446578A (no) |
| ES (1) | ES474553A1 (no) |
| FI (1) | FI72060C (no) |
| FR (1) | FR2429657A1 (no) |
| GB (1) | GB2024097B (no) |
| IE (1) | IE47580B1 (no) |
| IT (1) | IT1107800B (no) |
| MX (1) | MX148991A (no) |
| NL (1) | NL7809796A (no) |
| NO (1) | NO783751L (no) |
| NZ (1) | NZ188892A (no) |
| SE (1) | SE429522B (no) |
| ZA (1) | ZA79311B (no) |
Families Citing this family (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4296293A (en) * | 1980-02-25 | 1981-10-20 | The Continental Group, Inc. | Progressive welding and forging of overlapped seams in tubular bodies |
| DE3105146C2 (de) * | 1981-02-12 | 1983-07-14 | Automation Industrielle S.A., 1896 Vouvry | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von endlosen verformbaren Rohren aus einem Laminatfolienband |
| JPS57167260A (en) * | 1981-04-10 | 1982-10-15 | Kyodo Printing Co Ltd | Method and device for manufacturing original cloth for extrusion tube |
| PH20279A (en) * | 1982-04-01 | 1986-11-14 | Richard D Chapin | Drip irrigation system employing adjacently arranged flow-restricting passages |
| FI821686A7 (fi) * | 1982-05-13 | 1983-11-14 | Huhtamaeki Oy | Framstaellningsmetod foer tubmantel |
| CH660869A5 (de) * | 1983-07-26 | 1987-05-29 | Neopac Ag | Tubenbehaelter mit mehrschichtiger wand. |
| SE445531B (sv) * | 1984-11-16 | 1986-06-30 | Akerlund & Rausing Ab | Forfarande for tillverkning av med metallfolie overdragen kropp |
| USRE33467E (en) * | 1985-01-30 | 1990-12-04 | International Paper Company | Induction sealing of paperboard |
| DE3536172A1 (de) * | 1985-10-10 | 1987-04-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen einer stossnaht mit deckband an einem rohr aus einer mehrschicht-packstoffbahn |
| CH670988A5 (no) * | 1986-10-15 | 1989-07-31 | Maegerle Karl Lizenz | |
| CH670797A5 (no) * | 1986-10-15 | 1989-07-14 | Maegerle Karl Lizenz | |
| US4825625A (en) * | 1986-12-17 | 1989-05-02 | International Paper Company | Sealing method and apparatus for high capacity aseptic form, fill, and seal machines |
| US5013878A (en) * | 1988-12-20 | 1991-05-07 | International Paper Company | Induction heat sealing lap-seamed containers to non-metallic closures |
| US5227599A (en) * | 1990-01-12 | 1993-07-13 | Kraft General Foods, Inc. | Microwave cooking browning and crisping |
| CH682734A5 (de) * | 1991-02-05 | 1993-11-15 | Maegerle Karl Lizenz | Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Rohrkörpern. |
| US7126096B1 (en) | 1991-04-05 | 2006-10-24 | Th Boeing Company | Resistance welding of thermoplastics in aerospace structure |
| US5793024A (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 1998-08-11 | The Boeing Company | Bonding using induction heating |
| US5723849A (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 1998-03-03 | The Boeing Company | Reinforced susceptor for induction or resistance welding of thermoplastic composites |
| US5229562A (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 1993-07-20 | The Boeing Company | Process for consolidation of composite materials |
| US5710414A (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 1998-01-20 | The Boeing Company | Internal tooling for induction heating |
| US5728309A (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 1998-03-17 | The Boeing Company | Method for achieving thermal uniformity in induction processing of organic matrix composites or metals |
| US5808281A (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 1998-09-15 | The Boeing Company | Multilayer susceptors for achieving thermal uniformity in induction processing of organic matrix composites or metals |
| US5645744A (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 1997-07-08 | The Boeing Company | Retort for achieving thermal uniformity in induction processing of organic matrix composites or metals |
| DE4440760A1 (de) * | 1994-11-15 | 1996-05-23 | Rolf Koehnlein | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schalenformteilen aus Recycling- oder Neumaterial PE/Alu/PE oder PE/Karton/PE oder PE/Karton/PE/Alu/PE |
| DE19954440C2 (de) * | 1999-11-11 | 2003-05-22 | Plasticon Germany Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hohlkörpers |
| TR200403719T3 (tr) * | 2001-12-20 | 2005-08-22 | Aisapack Holding Sa | Ambalaj materyali için kaynak cihazı |
| AU2003221585A1 (en) * | 2002-05-21 | 2003-12-02 | Aisapack Holding Sa | Device for welding packaging material |
| US7875143B2 (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2011-01-25 | Gerroplast Gmbh | Method and apparatus for labeling containers |
| DE102007009928A1 (de) | 2007-01-24 | 2008-07-31 | Hühoco Metalloberflächenveredelung Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus Kunststoff und Metall bestehenden Hybrid-Bauteiles sowie Metall-Kunststoff-Verbundkörper |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2912549A (en) * | 1957-12-17 | 1959-11-10 | Revere Copper & Brass Inc | Induction welding of tubes |
| US3242300A (en) * | 1963-10-28 | 1966-03-22 | Ohio Crankshaft Co | Method and apparatus for welding metal tubing |
| CH420413A (de) * | 1963-12-16 | 1966-09-15 | Intertherm Limited | Elektrische Schweisseinrichtung für Rohre |
| FR1385944A (fr) * | 1964-03-11 | 1965-01-15 | Continental Can Co | Procédé et appareil pour appliquer dans des tubes soudés longitudinalement un revêtement plastique intérieur continu |
| US3307738A (en) * | 1964-05-22 | 1967-03-07 | American Can Co | Laminated collapsible tube |
| FR1417587A (fr) * | 1964-12-15 | 1965-11-12 | Intertherm Ltd | Perfectionnements aux appareils de soudage électrique des tubes, tuyaux et éléments analogues |
| US3511957A (en) * | 1965-02-02 | 1970-05-12 | Continental Can Co | Device for improving efficiency of radio-frequency welding |
| DE1454995A1 (de) * | 1965-07-12 | 1969-09-18 | Bahlsen Werner | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbinden von Oberflaechen thermoplastischer Kunststoffe |
| FR1456716A (fr) * | 1965-08-18 | 1966-07-08 | Continental Can Co | Appareil de soudage à haute fréquence |
| GB1161903A (en) * | 1966-07-12 | 1969-08-20 | Bahlsen Werner | Method and Apparatus for Bonding the Surfaces of Thermoplastic Resin. |
| US3575769A (en) * | 1968-03-27 | 1971-04-20 | American Can Co | Tube side seaming method and apparatus |
| DE2643089C3 (de) * | 1976-09-24 | 1983-04-21 | Automation Industrielle S.A., 1896 Vouvry | Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines verformbaren Rohres |
| DE2653753C2 (de) * | 1976-11-26 | 1986-04-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Verpackungsschlauches aus einer Packstoffbahn durch Verschweißen der Kantenbereiche |
-
1978
- 1978-06-30 US US05/921,092 patent/US4210477A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1978-09-12 SE SE7809569A patent/SE429522B/sv unknown
- 1978-09-21 AU AU40043/78A patent/AU519240B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-09-25 FI FI782916A patent/FI72060C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-09-27 NL NL7809796A patent/NL7809796A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-10-03 AR AR273947A patent/AR220727A1/es active
- 1978-10-06 DK DK446578A patent/DK446578A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-10-11 JP JP12499378A patent/JPS558388A/ja active Pending
- 1978-10-13 BE BE782057348A patent/BE871223A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-10-26 ES ES474553A patent/ES474553A1/es not_active Expired
- 1978-11-02 GB GB7842870A patent/GB2024097B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-11-06 IT IT51784/78A patent/IT1107800B/it active
- 1978-11-07 MX MX175505A patent/MX148991A/es unknown
- 1978-11-08 NO NO783751A patent/NO783751L/no unknown
- 1978-11-09 CH CH1156078A patent/CH636541A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-11-09 IE IE2224/78A patent/IE47580B1/en unknown
- 1978-11-13 NZ NZ188892A patent/NZ188892A/xx unknown
- 1978-11-13 DE DE2849239A patent/DE2849239C2/de not_active Expired
- 1978-11-21 DD DD78209222A patent/DD140541A5/de unknown
- 1978-11-21 FR FR7832767A patent/FR2429657A1/fr active Granted
- 1978-11-22 BR BR7807681A patent/BR7807681A/pt unknown
-
1979
- 1979-01-25 ZA ZA79311A patent/ZA79311B/xx unknown
- 1979-04-09 CA CA325,156A patent/CA1112951A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE871223A (nl) | 1979-02-01 |
| IT1107800B (it) | 1985-11-25 |
| JPS558388A (en) | 1980-01-21 |
| FI72060B (fi) | 1986-12-31 |
| NZ188892A (en) | 1982-03-23 |
| MX148991A (es) | 1983-08-05 |
| AU4004378A (en) | 1980-03-27 |
| DE2849239A1 (de) | 1980-01-03 |
| DK446578A (da) | 1979-12-31 |
| GB2024097A (en) | 1980-01-09 |
| BR7807681A (pt) | 1979-12-18 |
| ZA79311B (en) | 1980-02-27 |
| DE2849239C2 (de) | 1982-08-12 |
| DD140541A5 (de) | 1980-03-12 |
| US4210477A (en) | 1980-07-01 |
| FI72060C (fi) | 1987-04-13 |
| FR2429657B1 (no) | 1983-10-21 |
| IE47580B1 (en) | 1984-05-02 |
| FI782916A7 (fi) | 1979-12-31 |
| SE7809569L (sv) | 1979-12-31 |
| GB2024097B (en) | 1982-04-07 |
| IT7851784A0 (it) | 1978-11-06 |
| SE429522B (sv) | 1983-09-12 |
| CH636541A5 (de) | 1983-06-15 |
| NL7809796A (nl) | 1980-01-03 |
| CA1112951A (en) | 1981-11-24 |
| IE782224L (en) | 1979-12-30 |
| FR2429657A1 (fr) | 1980-01-25 |
| ES474553A1 (es) | 1979-03-16 |
| AR220727A1 (es) | 1980-11-28 |
| AU519240B2 (en) | 1981-11-19 |
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