NO971608L - Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av substituerte pyrimidiner - Google Patents

Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av substituerte pyrimidiner

Info

Publication number: NO971608L
Authority: NO; Norway
Prior art keywords: alkyl; alkoxy; aryl; formula; preparation
Prior art date: 1996-04-09

Application number

NO971608A

Other languages

English (en)

Other versions

NO971608D0 (no

NO306719B1 (no

Inventor

Yves Bessard

Gerhard Stucky

Original Assignee

Lonza Ag

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1996-04-09

Filing date

1997-04-08

Publication date

1997-10-10

1997-04-08 Application filed by Lonza Ag filed Critical Lonza Ag

1997-04-08 Publication of NO971608D0 publication Critical patent/NO971608D0/no

1997-10-10 Publication of NO971608L publication Critical patent/NO971608L/no

1999-12-13 Publication of NO306719B1 publication Critical patent/NO306719B1/no

Links

150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 title 1
125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 5
125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 3
125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 3
229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 abstract 2
-1 tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furyl Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
150000005695 2-halopyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
101100134922 Gallus gallus COR5 gene Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract 1
150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
125000004171 alkoxy aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
125000005161 aryl oxy carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
239000002585 base Substances 0.000 abstract 1
125000001589 carboacyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
125000004438 haloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 abstract 1
125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 abstract 1
125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
229940083082 pyrimidine derivative acting on arteriolar smooth muscle Drugs 0.000 abstract 1

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D239/46—Two or more oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms
- C07D239/60—Three or more oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/28—Radicals substituted by singly-bound oxygen or sulphur atoms
- C07D213/30—Oxygen atoms
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/54—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/55—Acids; Esters
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/62—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D213/63—One oxygen atom
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D239/30—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D239/32—One oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom
- C07D239/34—One oxygen atom
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D239/46—Two or more oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms
- C07D239/47—One nitrogen atom and one oxygen or sulfur atom, e.g. cytosine
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/60—Two oxygen atoms, e.g. succinic anhydride
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

Landscapes

Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Glass Compositions (AREA)

NO971608A 1996-04-09 1997-04-08 FremgangsmÕte for fremstilling av substituerte pyrimidiner NO306719B1 (no)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
CH89396		1996-04-09

Publications (3)

Publication Number	Publication Date
NO971608D0 NO971608D0 (no)	1997-04-08
NO971608L true NO971608L (no)	1997-10-10
NO306719B1 NO306719B1 (no)	1999-12-13

Family

ID=4197638

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
NO971608A NO306719B1 (no)	1996-04-09	1997-04-08	FremgangsmÕte for fremstilling av substituerte pyrimidiner

Country Status (18)

Country	Link
US (1)	US5840892A (no)
EP (1)	EP0802193B1 (no)
JP (1)	JPH1045725A (no)
KR (1)	KR100472976B1 (no)
CN (1)	CN1103763C (no)
AT (1)	ATE207060T1 (no)
CA (1)	CA2201219C (no)
CZ (1)	CZ294330B6 (no)
DE (1)	DE59704918D1 (no)
DK (1)	DK0802193T3 (no)
ES (1)	ES2165540T3 (no)
HU (1)	HU220341B (no)
NO (1)	NO306719B1 (no)
PL (1)	PL190561B1 (no)
PT (1)	PT802193E (no)
SI (1)	SI0802193T1 (no)
SK (1)	SK283285B6 (no)
TW (1)	TW381083B (no)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US6281358B1 (en)	1999-04-15	2001-08-28	American Cyanamid Company	Process for the preparation of substituted pyrimidines
DE60019606T2 (de) *	1999-04-15	2005-08-18	Basf Ag	Verfahren zur herstellung von substituierten pyrimidinen

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US5270289A (en) *	1989-07-19	1993-12-14	Schering Aktiengesellschaft	Herbicidal dimethoxy pyrimidinyloxy-fluorinated acids and salts
JPH03200784A (ja) *	1989-12-28	1991-09-02	Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd	アジン系化合物、それらの製造方法及びそれらを含有する除草剤
DE69226813T2 (de) *	1991-06-07	1999-02-18	Ube Industries, Ltd., Ube, Yamaguchi	Pyrimidin- oder Triazin-Derivate, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und diese enthaltende Herbizide
DE4201875A1 (de) *	1992-01-24	1993-07-29	Basf Ag	Thiocarbonsaeurederivate, verfahren und zwischenprodukte zu ihrer herstellung
EP0562510A1 (de) *	1992-03-27	1993-09-29	Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft	Optisch aktive Pyrimidinyl- oder Triazinyl-oxy-(oder -thio)-carbonsäurederivate, Verfahren zur ihrer Herstellung und Verwendung als Herbizide oder Pflanzenwachstumsregulatoren

1997
- 1997-03-26 SI SI9730171T patent/SI0802193T1/xx unknown
- 1997-03-26 EP EP97105137A patent/EP0802193B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-26 AT AT97105137T patent/ATE207060T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-26 DE DE59704918T patent/DE59704918D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-26 PT PT97105137T patent/PT802193E/pt unknown
- 1997-03-26 DK DK97105137T patent/DK0802193T3/da active
- 1997-03-26 ES ES97105137T patent/ES2165540T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-27 CA CA002201219A patent/CA2201219C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-28 TW TW086104002A patent/TW381083B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-01 SK SK418-97A patent/SK283285B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-04 JP JP9086828A patent/JPH1045725A/ja active Pending
- 1997-04-08 HU HU9700724A patent/HU220341B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-08 NO NO971608A patent/NO306719B1/no unknown
- 1997-04-08 US US08/838,321 patent/US5840892A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-08 CZ CZ19971072A patent/CZ294330B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-09 PL PL97319391A patent/PL190561B1/pl unknown
- 1997-04-09 KR KR1019970013083A patent/KR100472976B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-09 CN CN97110515A patent/CN1103763C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
EP0802193A1 (de)	1997-10-22
SK283285B6 (sk)	2003-05-02
CZ107297A3 (en)	1997-10-15
CN1103763C (zh)	2003-03-26
CA2201219C (en)	2006-08-15
NO971608D0 (no)	1997-04-08
HUP9700724A2 (en)	1997-12-29
HU220341B (hu)	2001-12-28
EP0802193B1 (de)	2001-10-17
HUP9700724A3 (en)	1999-04-28
JPH1045725A (ja)	1998-02-17
TW381083B (en)	2000-02-01
HU9700724D0 (en)	1997-05-28
CZ294330B6 (cs)	2004-12-15
KR100472976B1 (ko)	2005-08-11
PL190561B1 (pl)	2005-12-30
DE59704918D1 (de)	2001-11-22
US5840892A (en)	1998-11-24
NO306719B1 (no)	1999-12-13
KR970069992A (ko)	1997-11-07
CA2201219A1 (en)	1997-10-09
PL319391A1 (en)	1997-10-13
SK41897A3 (en)	1997-11-05
SI0802193T1 (en)	2002-02-28
PT802193E (pt)	2002-04-29
CN1168375A (zh)	1997-12-24
ATE207060T1 (de)	2001-11-15
DK0802193T3 (da)	2001-11-19
ES2165540T3 (es)	2002-03-16

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NZ507597A (en)	2004-02-27	Process for synthesizing phenyl substituted pyridine or bipyridine COX-2 inhibitors
DK0629609T3 (da)	1996-12-23	Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af alkoxyiminoacetamidderivater og et mellemprodukt dertil
AU6787390A (en)	1991-06-13	Nitrogen-containing spirocycles
PL317019A1 (en)	1997-03-03	Method of obtaining 4,6-dihydrochloropyrimidine
DK0918776T3 (da)	2004-07-12	Totalsyntese af antitumor acylfulvener
DK539589A (da)	1990-05-01	Fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af 3-oxo-4-azasteroider
DK0958280T3 (da)	2005-08-29	Arylpiperidinopropanol- og arylpiperazinopropanolderivater og farmaceutiske midler der indeholder disse
AU3667589A (en)	1990-01-04	Thiophenol derivatives as collagenese inhibitors
EP0680950A4 (en)	1996-02-28	PROPENONE DERIVATIVE.
NO971608D0 (no)	1997-04-08	Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av substituerte pyrimidiner
DK0579212T3 (da)	1998-05-11	Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af 2-substituerede 5-chlorimidazol-4-carbaldehyder
DK0782991T3 (da)	2002-07-15	Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af 2-substituerede 5-chlorimidazol-4-carbaldehyder
DK0889038T3 (da)	2002-09-09	Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af alkoxy- eller aryloxypyrazinderivater
DK0820992T3 (da)	2002-05-06	Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af 4,6-bis(diflourmethoxy)pyrimidinderivater
EP0659752A4 (no)	1995-07-26
AU7081191A (en)	1991-08-15	Polyhydric compounds including substituent sulphonate groups and substituent urethane groups, and processes for preparing the same
BG104722A (en)	2001-05-31	Method for preparing sulfanyl-type endothelin receptor antagonists
EP0443474A3 (en)	1992-04-22	1-phenoxycarbonyl-2-pyrrolidinone derivatives and nootropic agents
ES2164258T3 (es)	2002-02-16	Procedimiento de preparacion de derivados de carbamoilmetilurea.
CA2065333A1 (en)	1991-03-01	Method of preparing pyridazinone derivatives