OA22106A - Beam or post of a construction system. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a hollow beam or column for a construction system, the beam or column comprising a core element (A) in the form of a straight hollow central element (7) having in cross-section four diametrically opposed external hollow protrusions (1) in the shape of dovetails flared outwards and arranged in a cross. These four external hollow protrusions (1) have closely spaced internal ends (2) which are spaced from the closely spaced internal ends of adjacent external hollow protrusions and are connected by segments (3) of the central hollow element. Four straight hollow surrounding elements (B) are assembled around the core element (A) forming a square which surrounds the core element (A), the four surrounding elements (B) having in cross-section an internal shape complementary to the four diametrically opposed external protrusions (1) of the core element (A).

Description

BEAM OR POST OF A BUILDING SYSTEM

The present invention relates to a beam or post of a construction system in particular for a module of a building, a dwelling or a garage, or furniture, the main elements of which may be made of plastic, in particular recycled plastic or recycled wood, or any other object constructed by the assembly of this construction system the elements of which may be made of plastic and/or composite materials.

JPS4989010U describes a shelf construction system consisting of a core element formed by a straight, profiled central element, and straight surrounding elements that assemble around the core element according to its profile, forming a square that surrounds the core element. These elements are made of synthetic resin, a metallic material, or a similar material, molded in one piece to a suitable length by stretching. This construction system includes a column in the form of a rectangular square pillar with grooves arranged at the four corners. The construction system further includes four solid front plates, each with a beveled edge at each end designed to slide into the grooves at the four corners of the square pillar. A shelf can be attached to the front plate by screws passing through the front plate via a through hole. The purpose of this system is to conceal the screws that support the shelves.

This type of construction is designed for furniture with very limited load-bearing capacity and is completely unsuitable for residential building systems. The load that would need to be considered for a residential floor (instead of a shelf) would require excessively thick support boards without guaranteeing the structure's stability. The same applies to the construction of walls, which form the framework of a building and must also withstand wind according to very stringent standards. Therefore, the application of this system is extremely limited.

EP3781754, on behalf of the applicant, describes a building module construction system comprising a plurality of core building elements, each of which has in cross-section a solid cross consisting of two principal arms of equal length, the principal arms intersecting at their midpoints at right angles. Each core building element has a plane of symmetry about the axes of each principal arm, the principal arms optionally terminating at their ends with cross-sections shorter than the length of the principal arms. The solid central cross is surrounded by a plurality of core element surround building elements. Each surround element is composed of four partial surround parts that assemble around a core element. The partial surround parts are solid and each has a cross-section essentially of an isosceles right triangle having one long side and two sloping sides that form a right angle. The four partial surround parts, once assembled, are arranged with their long side outside and the sloping sides ending at the right angle inside towards the center of the cross of a core element, thus forming a square which surrounds the cross of the core element, these triangular partial surround parts having openings and/or cutouts which surround the cross of the core element.

Such a construction system is easy to assemble and robust.

The present invention proposes a beam or post enabling the creation of a construction system whose assembly, for a large number of buildings, is simplified and even more rigid with an even smaller number of standardized parts to constitute the construction elements.

The present invention therefore makes it possible to optimize and rationalize the use of beams or columns, to benefit from the best ratio for architectural modularity, as well as for structural forces.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a beam or post enabling the creation of a lightweight construction system whose assembly, for a large number of buildings, is simplified and even more rigid with an even smaller number of standardized parts to constitute the construction elements.

According to the invention, these objectives are achieved by means of a hollow beam or column of a construction system, the beam or column comprising a core element formed of a straight, profiled hollow central element, and straight surrounding elements that are assembled around the core element corresponding to its profile, forming a square that surrounds the core element. The core element formed of a straight, hollow central element is provided in cross-section with four diametrically opposed external hollow protrusions in the shape of dovetails, flared outwards and arranged in a cross, these four external hollow protrusions having closely spaced inner ends that are spaced apart from the closely spaced inner ends of the adjacent external hollow protrusions and are connected by segments of the hollow central element. The straight surrounding elements are hollow and each has an internal wall whose internal shape is complementary to the four diametrically opposed external protrusions of the core element and its segments when the straight surrounding elements come together around the core element.

In one embodiment, an inner end of an external hollow protrusion of the core element is connected, by an extension of a segment of the central hollow element, to the opposite outer end of this external hollow protrusion.

According to this form of execution, each surrounding element has two internal hollow projections which engage around the dovetail shape of one of the diametrically opposed external protrusions of the core element, the internal hollow projections of two adjacent surrounding elements filling the space around a segment of the central hollow element and between two adjacent hollow protrusions of the core element.

In another embodiment, an internal end of an external hollow protrusion of the core element is connected, by an extension of a segment of the central hollow element, to the opposite internal end of this external hollow protrusion.

Preferably, the internal hollow projections of each surrounding element are supported by a piece that forms an essentially straight external side of the beam or post.

According to this preferred embodiment, the said piece which carries the internal projections of each surrounding element has inclined sides provided on one side with a projection and on the other side with a recess, this projection on the inclined side of a piece fitting into the recess on the inclined side of an adjacent piece when the beam or column is assembled.

According to this preferred form of execution, the piece which carries the internal projections of each surrounding element has a straight external face with recesses, this external face defining on each side, with its inclined flank, an opening which extends along the beam or the post.

In one form of execution, the piece which carries the internal projections of each surrounding element has a plurality of openings which extend along the beam or post and which are suitable for receiving inscribed pieces to join two beams or posts end-to-end.

According to this form of execution, each insert has a rib arranged to lock the inserted insert into an opening in the surrounding element.

Combined with an elongated profile of shape, in cross-section, essentially rectangular with two projections on one side and a recess on the opposite side, the projections are arranged to assemble to the straight external face of a surrounding element of the beam or column with its recesses.

According to another form of execution, each core element is associated with two rectilinear surrounding elements which come together around the core element forming a square.

Each of the two straight surrounding elements has an internal wall which, when the straight surrounding elements come together around the core element, covers two external protrusions of the hollow central element as well as the segment which connects these two external protrusions.

According to this embodiment, the inner wall of each straight enclosure element 10 comprises a plurality of external hollow profiles arranged outside the inner wall. These external hollow profiles cover the external protrusions as well as the segment connecting these two external protrusions. In this case, the external hollow profiles associated with two external protrusions of a straight enclosure element can be spaced apart to together form an essentially straight outer side of the beam or column.

1S

The present invention also relates to an assembly of several hollow beams or columns in a construction system, comprising a plurality of beams all of the same length and a plurality of columns all of the same length. During assembly, particularly for the columns, the dimensions will be adjusted according to the structure to be erected.

The invention also relates to an assembly of several hollow beams or columns of a construction system, in which at least one beam or at least one column is reinforced by a cylindrical or tubular piece inserted into the hollow of the central element of a core element.

Preferably, the beams and/or posts are joined end-to-end by inserts inserted into the ends of the openings that extend along the surrounding elements.

In multi-story structures, two adjacent sides of a central column are each attached to another column, with the height of the structure determined by the length of the central column.

According to the present invention, constructions can be made in 6 directions (up, down, left, right, front, back).

The features of the invention will become clearer upon reading the following description of several embodiments given solely by way of example, with reference to the schematic figures, in which:

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a post or beam according to the present invention;

Figure 2 shows a partial view of a tubular-shaped reinforcement element;

Figure 3 represents a partial perspective view of a central core element;

Figure 3’ represents a top view of another type of central core element;

Figure 4 represents a partial perspective view of an intermediate support profile;

Figure 5A represents a partial view of a rectilinear hollow surround element;

Figure 5B shows a partial view of a variant of a rectilinear hollow surround element;

Figure 5C shows a top view of another variant of a rectilinear hollow surround element;

- Figure 6A represents a perspective view of an insert;

Figure 6B represents a perspective view of a tubular set square;

Figure 7 shows a perspective view of an assembled construction module;

Figures 8A, 8B and 8C each represent a subset of the construction module of Figure 7;

Figure 9 shows a perspective view of a basic building module;

Figure 10 shows a perspective view of an assembly of four basic building modules;

Figures 11A and 11B represent a perspective view of a floor arranged to be placed in a building according to the present invention;

Figure 12 shows a perspective view of a floor reinforcement;

Figures 13A, 13B and 13C each represent a cross-sectional view of a floor profile from Figure 11;

Figure 14 shows a perspective view of a floor arranged between beams; and

Figures 15A, 15B, 15C and 15D represent accessories for fixing the posts;

Figures 16A and 16B represent a front and perspective view of a type D profile;

Figures 17A and 17B represent a perspective view and a side view of a fixing element between two posts or beams;

Figure 18 shows a perspective view of a profile end cap;

Figure 19 shows a partial view of beams assembled by fastening elements;

Figure 20 shows an exploded view of fixing elements and profile end caps arranged to fix and receive beams according to the present invention;

Figure 21 represents a partial perspective view of an assembly according to the present invention;

Figure 22 shows a perspective view of an assembly with a part of a floor and a part of a wall;

Figure 23 represents a simplified and lighter version of a beam element with two complementary elements that can be assembled together;

Figure 24 shows a perspective view of a simplified and lighter version of a beam element;

Figure 25A shows a perspective view of a profile end cap for lightweight structures;

Figure 25B shows a perspective view of a fixing element between two posts or beams for a lightweight construction; and

Figure 26 shows a perspective view of an assembly of a lightweight structure using the profiles of Figure 23.

The invention proposes a hollow beam or post for a construction system.

As illustrated in Figure 1, the beam or column comprises a core element A formed of a rectilinear hollow central element 7 having in cross section four external hollow protrusions 1 diametrically opposed in the shape of a dovetail flared outwards and arranged in a cross, these four external hollow protrusions 1 having close internal ends 2 which are spaced from the close internal ends of the adjacent external hollow protrusions and are connected by segments 3 of the hollow central element.

The beam or column comprises four rectilinear hollow surround elements B which come together around the core element A forming a square which surrounds the core element A, the four surround elements B having in cross-section an internal shape complementary to the four diametrically opposed external protrusions 1 of the core element A.

As illustrated in Figure 3, an internal end 2 of an external hollow protuberance 1 of the core element is connected, by an extension 4 of a segment 3 of the central hollow element, to the opposite external end 5 of this external hollow protuberance 1.

Figure 3’ shows a top view of another type of central core element. In this embodiment, an internal end 2 of an external hollow protrusion 1 of the core element is connected, by an extension of a segment of the central hollow element, to the opposite internal end of this external hollow protrusion 1. This embodiment further strengthens the structure of the core element.

Figure 4 illustrates an intermediate support profile D arranged to be associated with a beam or column. The elongated profile D, essentially rectangular in cross-section, has two projections 15 on one side and a recess 16 on the opposite side. The projections 15 are arranged to assemble with the straight outer face of a surrounding element B of the beam or column, with its recesses 10A, 10B. In this example, an additional reinforcement 25 is arranged on the projection 16 so as to reinforce the profile D along all or part of its length, depending on the length of said additional reinforcement 25.

As illustrated in Figure 5A, each surround element B has two internal hollow projections 6 which engage around the dovetail shape of one of the diametrically opposed external protrusions of the core element A (see Figure 1), the internal hollow projections 6 of two adjacent surround elements B filling the space around a segment 3 (see Figure 3) of the central hollow element and between two adjacent hollow protrusions 6 of the core element.

As illustrated in figures 5Λ and 5B, the internal hollow projections 6 of each surround element B (figure 5A) are supported by a piece 10 which forms an essentially straight external side of the beam or column.

Figure 5C shows a top view of another variant of a straight hollow surround element, or B profile, with three elements aligned for an even simpler construction.

The part 10 which carries the internal projections of each surrounding element B has inclined sides 8, 9 provided on one side with a projection 8A and on the other side with a recess 9A, this projection 8A on the inclined side 8 of a part fitting into the recess 9A on the inclined side 9 of an adjacent part when the beam or the column is assembled.

The piece 10 which carries the internal projections 6 of each surrounding element B has a straight external face with recesses 10A, 10B, this external face defining on each side, with its inclined flank 8, 9, an opening 10A’, 10B’ which extends along the beam or the post.

The part 10 which carries the internal projections 6 of each surrounding element B has a plurality of openings 11 which extend along the beam or post and which are suitable for receiving inserts 12 (see figure 6A) to join two beams or posts end-to-end.

Each insert 12 has a rib 13 arranged to lock the inserted insert 12 into an opening 11 in the surround element B.

As illustrated in Figure 5B, a variant of a straight hollow surround element allows inserts to be inserted and ensures continuity between two beams or posts without interruption, in particular thanks to the groove 14 arranged in the opening 10A, 10B which extends along the beam or post.

The beam or column, associated with an elongated profile D of shape, in cross-section, essentially rectangular provided with two projections 15 on one side and a recess 16 on the opposite side, the projections 15 are arranged to assemble to the straight external face of a surrounding element B of the beam or column with its recesses 10A, 10B.

As illustrated in Figure 7, a set of several hollow beams or columns in a building system comprises a plurality of beams all of the same length and a plurality of columns all of the same length.

In one variant, the system according to the invention usually comprises a plurality of core building elements l and a plurality of surrounding building elements 2 of the core elements, each of a standard length or in several standardized lengths.

During the assembly of a structure, and for better reinforcement, at least one beam or at least one column is reinforced by a cylindrical or tubular piece 17 (see Figure 2) inserted into the hollow 7 of the central element of a core element A, as well as by a tubular bracket 21 (see Figure 6B). The tubular bracket 21 also has four blades arranged to fit into grooves in the surrounding profiles B.

An assembly of several hollow beams or columns of a construction system according to claim H, in which beams and/or columns are joined end-to-end by inserts 12 inserted into the ends 11 of the openings which extend along the surrounding elements (B).

As illustrated in Figure 7, the two adjacent sides of the central corner post are each fixed to another post, with the height of the construction determined by the length of the central corner post.

When using beams or posts for a dwelling, it is important to take into account that the standard spacing between two posts is 325 cm, and the standard spacing between beams, thus defining the height, is 280 cm.

As illustrated in figure 9, the constructed module is a 740 cm square to which 15 cm of external insulation should be added, i.e. 755 cm on each side with a central intermediate post under the beams at 325 cm from the corner posts, this configuration provides a living area of 50.4 m2 with only one central post in the space, the other posts and beams being in the walls.

In this example, the standard module is constructed with ten 680cm beams and nine posts (five intermediate posts of 280cm and four posts of 340cm) which represents a total of 95.6 meters of A profiles, 382.4 meters of B profiles and 22.4 meters of D profiles.

As illustrated in Figures 16A, 16B, and 19, profile D' is slightly modified compared to profile D shown in Figure 4, specifically to fit perfectly with the elongated profile B and create a stronger structure. The elongated profile D' has two projections 15 on one side that are in direct contact with a surrounding element B, without any gap between the two parts, which would weaken the assembled structure.

Thus, a neighboring standard module sharing a face represents 77.8 meters of A profiles, 3] l, 2 meters of B profiles and 16.8 meters of D profiles.

Similarly, the ratio improves as surfaces are shared, so that a standard module on a floor sharing a ceiling/floor represents 61.6 meters of A profiles, 246.4 meters of B profiles and 22.4 meters of D profiles.

Based on the previous information, a construction, for example a 151.2 m2 house made up of three standard modules, two side by side and the third on the floor represents: 235 meters of A profiles, 940 meters of B profiles and 61.6 meters of D profiles, which represents a total of 1236.6 linear meters of profiles.

This standard configuration is given only as an example and the dimensions can vary without causing structural problems.

In the example illustrated in Figure 10, an assembly of four basic building modules makes it possible to extend the living area while saving on the number of posts/beams per square meter, in particular because it is not necessary to double the posts at each junction between two basic modules.

In the example illustrated in figure 7, the construction can be self-supporting on piles, pillars or a foundation slab.

The construction system induces standard A, B and D profile lengths allowing pre-assembly in unit columns, intermediate columns, beams, Ά beams for faster assembly, but this pre-assembly is essentially suitable for two-story structures (ground floor + one floor).

For taller configurations, such as the one illustrated in Figure 7, or those requiring columns and/or beams longer than a 340 cm V2 beam, the assembly was designed to allow for the creation of a column or beam by alternately joining intermediate-length A and B profiles like puzzle pieces. This assembly results in a continuous column or beam, thus avoiding weak connection points. By maintaining proper spacing between any of the five profiles, the column or beam retains its structural homogeneity.

In order to further strengthen the connections between interrupted profiles, standard housings have been provided in the design to accommodate standard U-shaped (aluminum) profile ends or 12 inserts.

Profile A and profile D were designed to receive reinforcement tubes (in steel or protruding composite) thus allowing, if necessary, the stiffening of the beam or column as well as the continuous assemblies of column and beam, guaranteeing increased strength at structural corners.

To construct a five-story building with a roof, an original assembly was developed, consisting of three two-story structures interlocked to create six levels. Each of the three structures is structurally independent of the others, although connected by their own corner columns. This assembly fully respects the configuration of the standard module and does not alter the 51.2 m² of living space.

Thanks to this assembly, the five superimposed floors + roofs present the structural forces and moments equivalent to those of two superimposed modules.

This slab-fixed configuration only slightly increases the linear meters of profiles: because two of the top beams of the three nested structures rest on the tops of the columns, which avoids the need for support of the D profile.

As illustrated in Figure 8C, the external wedge structure supports the 5th and 6th levels, with a height of 18.90 meters in this example. As illustrated in Figure 8B, the first intermediate wedge structure supports the 2nd and 4th levels, with a height of 12.70 meters in this example. As illustrated in Figure 8A, the external wedge structure supports the 1st and 3rd levels, with a height of 9.60 meters in this example.

For assembly, profiles A, B, and D slide relative to each other. A deliberately staggered assembly of the profiles avoids creating weak points in the structure of the column or continuous beam. Lightweight and easy to handle, they are built directly on site, like a puzzle, up to the desired length or very close to it before adjustment.

The interruptions of B/B and D/D profiles are reinforced by the insertion of standard U and/or A and D profiles by the tubes.

The posts or beams of the present invention can be made of plastic material, in particular recycled plastic material or recycled wood, allowing for a robust construction using a reduced number of standardized parts to constitute the building elements.

The hollow body of profiles A and B is designed, for example, to accommodate wiring or piping. It can also contribute to insulation or reinforcement by filling it with hardened earth or cement, for example.

Thanks to the present invention, it is possible to constitute a post, or a beam of infinite length by the successive addition of profiles A, B of variable length, interrupted intermittently, one with respect to the other, in particular by the arrangement of inserts.

In order not to weaken the structure of each post or beam, a reinforcing tube or stiffener can be arranged in the housings of profiles A and B, in particular by sliding.

As illustrated in Figures 8A, 8B, and 8C, the assembly of a six-story building in this example is achieved by inserting two rectangles perpendicularly within a larger rectangle, and by overlapping their sides lengthwise and/or widthwise so that they intersect without interfering with each other to form story levels. The successive floors and/or ceilings of these three load-bearing cubic structures of varying heights are nested but independent, consisting of assembled columns and beams.

Of course, the number of floors can be different from six floors and can be much higher, for example thirty floors.

As illustrated in Figures 11A and 11B, floors can be arranged for placement in a building according to the present invention. The ceilings and floors or walls consist of a truss of beams or columns PI, P2 which are connected to each other by floor reinforcements 20.

As illustrated in Figure 12, the floor reinforcement 20 has through holes 29 to allow the passage of screws or nails arranged to fix the beam. The floor beam or post can be of various shapes, but preferably rectangular in cross-section, as illustrated in Figures 13A, 13B, and 13C. The beams in Figures 13A, 13B, and 13C have openings, for example, dovetail joints (Figure 13A) or wedge grooves (Figure 13B), which allow these beams to be connected to other structural elements.

As illustrated in Figure 14, a floor consists of a first elongated profile PI of essentially rectangular shape in cross-section (see for example profiles illustrated in Figures 13A and 13B), each end of the first elongated profile PI resting on a shoe assembly 18 (see Figures 15A, 15B and 15C) having a tenon 19 arranged to assemble with a recess 10A, 10B, and with a second elongated profile P2 of essentially rectangular shape in cross-section, each end of the second elongated profile P2 resting on a shoe assembly 18 having a tenon 19 arranged to assemble with the other recess 10A, 10B of the surrounding element B, the first elongated profile PI and the second elongated profile P2 being perpendicular to each other. As illustrated in figure 15C, the U-shaped tenon 19 is associated with a chamfered piece 22, by screwing in this example, so that when the operation of screwing the chamfered piece 22 and the U-shaped tenon 19 causes the two opposite lateral parts of said U-shaped tenon 19 to separate, which has the effect of locking the tenon, shoe and chamfered piece assembly in the recesses 10A. 10B.

Thus, the beams have two symmetrical rails, or recesses 10A, 10B in their lengths which also serve to slide and position the support tooling in the form of a shoe assembly 18, 19, for holding the joists, in particular wood, WPC, ...etc, of a floor and/or a ceiling.

In addition to forming floors and/or ceilings, post and beam structures, according to the same configuration, can be arranged to create internal partitions to delimit spaces and rooms, the partitions being orthogonal to a floor or ceiling.

The spaces arranged between the elongated PI profiles and the elongated P2 profiles allow for the integration of elements necessary for the use of the assembled part, for example insulation, wiring or piping.

The upper recess 10A serves for attaching the joist hanger assemblies lengthwise, while the lower recess 10B serves for attaching the joist hanger assemblies widthwise, thus forming a lattice of perpendicular joists at regular intervals. A cross-shaped floor reinforcement 20 is designed to connect the lower joists to the upper joists where they intersect, thereby stiffening the assembly and reinforcing it structurally (see Figure 12).

As illustrated in Figure 19, a column assembly consisting of four surround elements B, surrounding a core element A, is connected with profiles D and reinforcing brackets 27. Sections of floor slabs P are also visible in Figure 19. In this example, the floor slab profiles P are connected to the perimeter structure by brackets SP, as also illustrated in Figure 15D.

Such an assembly is made using a structure as illustrated in Figure 20 with profile end caps 28 arranged to be fixed to the ends of each beam or post assembled, brackets 27 arranged to hold and reinforce the assembled structure and supports 26 which serve as a base for the start and finish of the beams and reinforcement pieces (see Figures 17A, 17B and Figure 20).

In the example shown in Figure 21, the assembly is arranged so that the upper central beam B2 and the lower central beam B3 are perpendicular, which allows for the use of fewer structural elements without weakening the structure. Indeed, the upper horizontal central beam and the lower horizontal central beam are perpendicular, and this arrangement, based on calculations, means that the reinforcement profile D, as illustrated in Figure 22, is no longer necessary and that the required strength is maintained even when constructing the same building on two levels.

In the example shown in Figure 22, the upper central beam B2 and the lower central beam B3 are arranged parallel to each other. In this configuration, the reinforcement profile D, positioned at the ends of the assembly, strengthens the structure. In this example, the assembly, in the form of a housing module, comprises a wall section M and a floor section PP.

According to an embodiment for constructions with a lightweight structure as illustrated in Figure 26, a beam or column where each core element A (not shown) is associated with two straight surround elements B' are assembled around the core element A forming a square. Each of the two straight surround elements B' has an internal wall 23 (see Figure 23) which, when the straight surround elements B' are assembled around a core element A (not shown), covers two external protrusions 1 of the hollow central element 7 as well as the segment 3 which connects these two external protrusions (1).

Figure 24 illustrates a portion of a lightweight beam. To construct the complete beam, two beams B' must be joined, for example, by sliding them through guides located at the longitudinal ends of said beam B'. Figure 25 shows a 25' profile end cap for a lightweight structure which, once installed, reinforces the column and allows its connection to other structural elements.

In the example illustrated in Figure 23, the inner wall 23 of each straight surround element B' comprises a plurality of external hollow profiles 24 arranged outside the inner wall 23. These external hollow profiles 24 cover the external protrusions l as well as the segment 3 (see Figure l) that connects these two external protrusions l (see Figure l). Thus, the external hollow profiles 24 of a straight surround element B' associated with two external protrusions l are spaced apart and together constitute an essentially straight outer side of the beam or column. Similarly, the external hollow profiles 24 of two superimposed straight surround elements B' are spaced apart, but in this case their separate inner walls 23 simply touch.

In the example illustrated in Figure 26, such an assembly is made using a structure as illustrated in Figure 23 with profile end caps 25’ arranged to be fixed to the ends of each beam or post assembled, brackets 27 arranged to hold and reinforce the assembled structure and supports 31 which serve as a base for the start and finish of the beams and reinforcement pieces.

A housing module according to the present invention has the advantage of being easy and quick to assemble and complies with standards on load-bearing structures.

In all embodiments, the term "plastic material" refers to any material that can be recycled (HDPE, LDPE, PP, PET, PEF, PS, ABS, etc.). Preferably, the recovered plastic parts can be ground and shredded. Once shredded, the plastic is washed and then dried before being prepared for an extrusion process. The polymers are melted by heat, resulting in a uniform paste. After a series of conventional steps, granules are obtained. These granules are then extracted from the extruder. Finally, the granules can be used to manufacture the building components according to the present invention. Similarly, shredded, ground, and recycled wood or recycled plastic/wood composite materials can be used.

The building components can be manufactured by 3D printing, injection molding, or other methods.

The building components can also be made of composite materials.

Claims (17)

1. A hollow beam or column of a construction system, the beam or column comprising: a core element (A) formed of a straight, profiled hollow central element (7), and straight surround elements (B) which are assembled around the core element (A) in accordance with its profile, forming a square which surrounds the core element (A), characterized in that the core element (A) formed of a straight, hollow central element (7) is provided in cross-section with four diametrically opposed external hollow protrusions (1) in the shape of dovetails flared outwards and arranged in a cross, these four external hollow protrusions (1) having closely spaced internal ends (2) which are spaced from the closely spaced internal ends of the adjacent external hollow protrusions and are connected by segments (3) of the hollow central element, and the straight surround elements (B) are hollow and each have an internal wall (23) whose internal shape is complementary to the four diametrically opposed external protuberances (1) of the core element (A) and its segments (3) when the elements come together around the core element (A). 2. Beam or column according to claim 1, wherein an internal end (2) of an external hollow protrusion (1) of the core element is connected, by an extension (4) of a segment (3) of the hollow central element, to the opposite external end (5) of this external hollow protrusion (1). 3. Beam or column according to claim 1, wherein an internal end (2) of an external hollow protrusion (1) of the core element is connected, by an extension (4) of a segment (3) of the hollow central element, to the opposite internal end (5) of this external hollow protrusion (1). 4. Beam or column according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each surround element (B) has two internal hollow projections (6) which engage around the dovetail shape of one of the diametrically opposed external protrusions (1) of the core element (A), the internal hollow projections (6) of two adjacent surround elements (B) filling the space around a segment (3) of the central hollow element (A) and between two adjacent hollow protrusions (6) of the core element. 5. Beam or column according to claim 4, wherein the internal hollow projections (6) of each surrounding element (B) are carried by a piece (l 0) which forms an essentially straight external side of the beam or column. 6. Beam or column according to claim 5, wherein said part (JO) which carries the internal projections of each surrounding element (B) has inclined sides (8, 9) provided on one side with a projection (8A) and on the other side with a recess (9A), this projection (8A) on the inclined side (8) of a part being inserted into the recess (9A) on the inclined side (9) of an adjacent part when the beam or column is assembled. 7. Beam or column according to claim 6, wherein said part (10) which carries the internal projections (6) of each surrounding element (B) has a straight external face with recesses (l 0A, 10B), this external face defining on each side, with its inclined flank (8, 9), an opening (10A’, l OB’) which extends along the beam or column. 8. Beam or column according to claim 5, 6 or 7, wherein said part (10) which carries the internal projections (6) of each surrounding element (B) has a plurality of openings (11) which extend along the beam or column and which are suitable for receiving inserts (12) for joining two beams or columns end-to-end. 9. Beam or column according to claim 8, in which each insert (12) has a rib (13) arranged to block Γ insert (12) inserted into an opening (l l ) of the surrounding element (B). 10. Beam or column according to claim 7, 8 or 9, associated with an elongated profile (D) of essentially rectangular shape in cross-section having two projections (15) on one side and a recess (16) on the opposite side, the projections (15) being arranged to assemble to the straight external face of a surrounding element (B) of the beam or column with its recesses (10A, 10B). 11. Beam or column according to claim 7, 8, 9 or 10, associated with a first elongated profile (PI) of essentially rectangular shape in cross-section, each end of the first elongated profile (PI) resting on a shoe assembly having a tenon (19) arranged to assemble with a recess (10A, 10B), and with a second elongated profile (P2) of essentially rectangular shape in cross-section, each end of the second elongated profile (P2) resting on a shoe assembly (18) having a tenon (19) arranged to assemble with the other recess (10A, 10B) of the surrounding element (B), the first elongated profile (PI) and the second elongated profile (P2) being perpendicular to each other. 12. Beam or column according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each core element (A) is associated with two straight surround elements (B) which come together around the core element (A) forming a square, each one of the two straight surround elements (B) having an internal wall (23) which, when the straight surround elements (B) come together around the core element (A), covers two external protrusions (1) of the hollow central element (7) as well as the segment (3) which connects these two external protrusions (I). 13. Beam or column according to claim 12, or the inner wall (23) of each straight surround element (B) comprises a plurality of external hollow profiles (24) arranged outside the inner wall (23), these external hollow profiles (24) covering the external protrusions (1) as well as the segment (3) which connects these two external protrusions (1). 14. An assembly of several hollow beams or columns of a construction system according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of beams all of the same length and a plurality of columns all of the same length. 15. An assembly of several hollow beams or columns of a construction system according to claim 14, wherein at least one beam or at least one column is reinforced by a cylindrical or tubular part (17) inserted into the hollow (7) of the central element of a core element (A). 16. An assembly of several hollow beams or columns of a construction system according to claim 14, in which beams and/or columns are joined end-to-end by inserts (12) inserted into the ends (11) of the openings which extend along the surrounding elements (B). 17. An assembly of several hollow beams or posts of a construction system according to any one of claims 14 or 15, wherein two adjacent sides of a central post are each fixed to another post, the height of the construction being determined by the length of the central post.