PL201604B1 - Additive for low-sulphur diesel fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

An additive to low-sulfur fuel for diesel engines based on distilled tall oil, characterized in that it additionally contains polyalkylbenzene, the proportion of components being as follows: - distilled tall oil in the amount of 40 - 95% by mass - polyalkylbenzene in the amount of 5 - 60% by mass.

Description

(12) PATENT DESCRIPTION (19) PL (11) 201604 (13) B1 (21) Application number: 367950 ^{(51) Int.Cl.}

C10L 1/14 (2006.01) (22) Date of filing: 13/05/2004 (54)

Low-sulfur fuel additive for diesel engines

(30) Priority: (73) Patent holder: Zakrytoe akcionernoe obshhestvo BELAJA VEZHA, Mozyr, BY 19/11/2003, BY, 20031064 (43) Application published: 30/05/2005 BUP 11/05 (72) Inventor(s): Ivan Danilovich Zamulko,Mozyr,BY Tamara Nikitovna Mitusova,Moscow,RU Mikhail Aleksandrovich Danilov,Moscow,RU (45) The patent was granted on: 30/04/2009 WUP 04/09 (74) Attorney: Grażyna Pomianek, Patent and Trademark Protection Office, Binek, Pomianek, Radoman. Sp.

⁽⁵⁷⁾ A low-sulfur diesel fuel additive based on distilled tall oil, characterized in that it additionally contains polyalkylbenzene, the proportion of the components being as follows:

- distilled tall oil in the amount of 40 - 95% by weight - polyalkylbenzene in the amount of 5 - 60% by weight.

PL 201 604 B1

Description of the invention

The subject of the invention is an additive to low-sulfur fuel for diesel engines.

It is known that diesel fuels must possess sufficient lubrication properties to prevent rapid wear of precision engine component pairs. Sulfur compounds and their associated aromatic and polar compounds provide lubrication to diesel fuels. However, aromatic hydrocarbons impair the combustion process in the diesel engine cylinder and promote tar deposits on fuel injection system components.

Furthermore, the European standard EN-590 recommends a fuel sulfur content of no more than 0.05% by weight to reduce the emission of polluting exhaust gases from diesel fuel. Therefore, sulfur-based lubricants should be replaced with other, ecologically non-polluting compounds.

Anti-wear additives for fuels are known, containing naphthenic acids as active ingredients (A.M. Danilov. Application of additives in automotive fuels. Moscow, Chemistry. 2000, p. 232).

The disadvantage of these additives is their insufficient ability to bind fuels containing them with machine oils and water. This requirement is mandatory for diesel fuels.

Also known are additives based on reaction products of mono- or polycarbonate C24-C65 acids and polyatomic (2 - 10) spirits (patent NO 169660, MKP C10L 1/18, published in 1992), monoesters of dicarbonate acids (A.s. SU 458252, MKP C10L 1/18, published in 1984), salts of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal and a polyalkaline acid (patent US 4804389, MKP C10L 1/10; 1/29; U.S. Cl 44/70, published in 1989).

Another disadvantage of the above-mentioned compositions is their insufficient anti-wear effectiveness.

The closest solution to the presented invention, due to its composition and intended use, is an additive in the form of tall oil acids (patent RU 2165447, MKP C10L 1/18, published in 2001). The disadvantage of this additive is its relatively low anti-wear effectiveness and high solidification temperature, which is why it is recommended to be used in fuel in relatively high amounts, over 0.06%.

The aim of the invention is to improve the anti-wear characteristics of low-sulfur fuel additives for diesel engines, as well as to improve the low-temperature properties of these additives.

The given task was solved by adding polyalkylbenzene to the distilled tall oil-based additive, with the proportion of the components being as follows:

- distilled tall oil in the amount of 40-95% by weight

- polyalkylbenzene in the amount of 5-60% by weight

The additive according to the invention is characterized by high anti-wear characteristics, the best low-temperature properties and the fact that the components of the composition according to the invention have a synergistic effect.

The additive is obtained by mixing successively calculated amounts of distilled tall oil and polyalkylbenzene at a temperature of 20-70°C.

In order to present the technical solution according to the invention, samples of the additive were prepared by mixing the above-mentioned components with the following characteristics:

Distilled tall oil TY 13-00281074-26-95 (production of the Segezh Pulp and Paper Plant, Karelia, Russian Federation)

Indicators Standard according to TY 13-00281074-26-95 Really Appearance Homogeneous liquid, light yellow to brown in color He replies Density at 20°C, kg/m ³ 850 - 900 875 Mass fraction of the basic substance, % No less than 95 97 Flash point,°C, No less than 200 207 Setting temperature,°C, - + 7 Acid value, mg KOH/g No less than 140 164

PL 201 604 B1

Polyalkylbenzols, TY 2414-040-04689375-95 (production OAO "Kinef, Kirishi, Russian Federation)

Indicators Standard according to TY 2414-040-04689375-95 Really Appearance Transparent liquid, free from suspended and sedimented impurities, including water. He replies Density at 20°C, kg/m ³ It doesn't get any better. 877.00 Initial boiling point,°C, No less than 290 322.00 End boiling point,°C, No more than 500 466.00 Bromine value, mgBr ₂ /100 g No more than 3.5 2.02

To present the solution according to the invention, samples of additives were prepared (Table 1)

Table 1 Samples of additives

Ingredient and its content in the additive, % by weight 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Distilled tall oil 0 35 40 75 95 97 100 Polyalkylbenzene 100 65 60 25 5 3 0

The effectiveness of the additives was tested in diesel fuel containing 0.005 to 0.05% of the additive submitted according to the method of the American standard ASTM D 6079, incorporated into the Russian TY 38.401-58-296-2001. Automotive diesel fuel.

According to this method, a steel ball, under a load of 20 kPa (0.2 kg/cm ² ), via a vibrator, performs a reciprocating motion with an amplitude of 1 mm and a frequency of 50 Hz across a plate placed in the tested environment. Tests are performed at temperatures of 60°C and 25°C (taking into account that the fuel in the engine is hot). The resulting wear scar was measured along two diameters (along the direction of motion and transversely), and the average value was calculated. Then, corrections for air temperature and humidity were made, and the final result, D, is the characteristic of the given sample. The method's accuracy is 5%. The standard for anti-wear properties of diesel fuel according to EN-590 and TY 38.401-58-296-2001 is D < 460 mkm.

T a b l e 2

Diameter of wear marks for fuel samples with 0.01% additives (sample numbers correspond to composition numbers in Table 1)

Samples D, mkm No additives 647 1 640 2 433 3 416 4 355 5 396 6 428 7 (prototype) 440

According to the results presented in Table 2, compositions 3-5 show the highest efficiency, exceeding the prototype (sample 7). The additive containing less than 3% of polyalkylbenzene (sample 6) is close to the prototype in efficiency (method accuracy -5%, respectively).

PL 201 604 B1

Polyalkylbenzene taken alone (sample 1) has no antiwear effectiveness. The antiwear effectiveness of compositions containing less than 40% tall oil is also insufficient (sample 2).

An additional advantage of the invention is that the additive has a reduced solidification point, which simplifies its use in diesel fuel at low temperatures. The solidification point of the additive is determined according to GOST 20287-method B. Table 3 presents the test results for samples 3, 5, and 7 from Table 1.

T a b l e 3

Anti-wear additives solidification temperature

Samples from Table 1 Tz°C 3 -30 5 -5 7 (prototype) +5

The table shows that the best low-temperature properties compared to the prototype are characterized by the additive containing 40% by weight of tall oil and 60% by weight of polyalkylbenzene (sample 3).

The presented additive will be widely used in oil refineries to obtain ecologically clean fuels with high anti-wear characteristics and the best low-temperature properties.

Claims (1)

Patent claim Low-sulfur diesel fuel additive on the basis of distilled tall oil, characterized in that it additionally contains polyalkylbenzoles, the proportion of components being as follows: - tall oil distilled in an amount of 40 - 95% by weight - polyalkylbenzoles in an amount of 5 - 60% by weight. Publishing Department of the Polish Patent Office