PL221260B1 - The catalyst for the decomposition of ammonia and the method for producing ammonia decomposition catalyst - Google Patents
The catalyst for the decomposition of ammonia and the method for producing ammonia decomposition catalystInfo
- Publication number
- PL221260B1 PL221260B1 PL397426A PL39742611A PL221260B1 PL 221260 B1 PL221260 B1 PL 221260B1 PL 397426 A PL397426 A PL 397426A PL 39742611 A PL39742611 A PL 39742611A PL 221260 B1 PL221260 B1 PL 221260B1
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- ammonia
- oxide
- decomposition
- amount
- Prior art date
Links
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 70
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii,iii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O.O=[Co]O[Co]=O LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Landscapes
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
Przedmiotem wynalazku jest katalizator do rozkładu amoniaku i sposób wytwarzania katalizatora do rozkładu amoniaku. Rozkładany amoniak posłuży jako źródła czystego wodoru.The present invention relates to an ammonia decomposition catalyst and a method of preparing the ammonia decomposition catalyst. The decomposed ammonia will serve as a source of pure hydrogen.
Wcześniej badania nad rozkładem amoniaku prowadzono w celu wyjaśnienia mechanizmu reakcji syntezy. Ponadto, badano kinetykę rozkładu amoniaku na katalizator z punktu procesu azotowania oraz redukcji zawartości amoniaku w gazach odlotowych. Badanie te prowadzono w warunkach niskiego ciśnienia cząstkowego amoniaku (< 100 Torr), co osiągano przy użyciu czystego amoniaku w warunkach niskiego ciśnienia lub rozcieńczonego amoniaku (ok. 10% NH3) w warunkach wysokiego ciśnienia. Obecnie prowadzone badania mają na celu znalezienie aktywnego katalizatora aktywnego w reakcji rozkładu amoniaku, jako źródła wodoru do ogniw paliwowych, pozwalającego na osiągniecie wysokich stopni konwersji amoniaku w jak najniższych temperaturach.Previously, studies on the decomposition of ammonia were carried out to elucidate the mechanism of the synthesis reaction. Moreover, the kinetics of ammonia decomposition into the catalyst was investigated in terms of the nitriding process and the reduction of ammonia content in exhaust gases. The test was carried out under conditions of low partial pressure of ammonia (<100 Torr), which was achieved with pure ammonia under low pressure or diluted ammonia (approx. 10% NH3) under high pressure. Currently conducted research is aimed at finding an active catalyst active in the ammonia decomposition reaction as a source of hydrogen for fuel cells, allowing to achieve high ammonia conversion rates at the lowest possible temperatures.
Znane są z publikacji A. Jedynak et al. Applied Catalysis A: General 237 (1-2) (2002) 223-226 nośnikowe katalizatory żelazowe na węglu grafitowym, o dużej powierzchni właściwej rzędu ok. 400 2 m /g, modyfikowane potasem, badano w reakcji rozkładu amoniaku. Testy aktywności przeprowadzono w warunkach niskich stężeń amoniaku.They are known from the publication of A. Jedynak et al. Applied Catalysis A: General 237 (1-2) (2002) 223-226 Supported iron catalysts on graphite carbon with a high specific surface area of about 400 2 m / g, modified with potassium, were tested in the ammonia decomposition reaction. Activity tests were performed under conditions of low ammonia concentrations.
Z publikacji S. Yin. B. Xu, X. Zhou, C. Au, Applied Catalysis A: General 227 (1-2) (2004) 1-9 znany jest nośnikowy katalizator rutenowy Ru/CNTs, który został otrzymany na drodze mokrej impregnacji roztworem rutenu w acetonie włókien węglowych, następnie suszony w temperaturze 35°C przez 5 h i kalcynacji w temperaturze 500°C przez 2 h. W ten sam sposób otrzymano katalizatory rutenowe na innych nośnikach, takich jak MgO, Al2O3, ZrO2. Najwyższa aktywność w reakcji rozkładu amoniaku w temperaturze 550°C przy obciążeniu (GHSVNH3) 3000 lub 6000 ml/gkat h, wykazywał katalizator rutenowy naniesiony na włókna węglowe. Stężenie fazy aktywnej Ru wynosiło 5%. Konwersja w tych warunkach wyniosła ok. 100%.From the publication of S. Yin. B. Xu, X. Zhou, C. Au, Applied Catalysis A: General 227 (1-2) (2004) 1-9 known is the Ru / CNTs supported ruthenium catalyst which was obtained by wet impregnation with a solution of ruthenium in acetone of fibers carbon, then dried at 35 ° C for 5 h and calcined at 500 ° C for 2 h. In the same way, ruthenium catalysts on other supports such as MgO, Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 were obtained. The ruthenium catalyst deposited on carbon fibers showed the highest activity in the ammonia decomposition reaction at 550 ° C with a load (GHSV NH3 ) of 3000 or 6000 ml / g cat h. The concentration of the active phase Ru was 5%. Conversion under these conditions was approx. 100%.
Nikiel na nośniku Al2O3 jest dobrym katalizatorem reakcji rozkładu amoniaku, znany jest z publikacji Ye Liu, Hong Wang, Jianieng Li, Yong Lu, Qingsong Xue and Jinchun Chen, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, July 2007 Vol. 53. No. 7 1845. Nikiel został zdyspergowany na porowatej powierzchni nośnika metodą mokrej impregnacji. Optymalne stężenie niklu w katalizatorze wynosiło 10%. Maksymalną konwersję NH3 99,5% osiągnięto w temperaturze 650°C. Nośnikowe katalizatory Ni, Ir i Ru zgodnie z publikacją T. V. Choudhary, C. Sivadinarayana and D. W. Goodman, Catalysis Letters Vol. 72, No 3-4 2001 otrzymano na drodze mokrej impregnacji. Zawartość metalu 7%, jako nośniki stosowano zeolit H-ZSM-5 (Degussa), HY (Na-Y, Si/Al = 100 Degussa), Al2O3 (Aldrich Chemicals), SiO2 (CabOSil). Kolejnym etapem po procesie impregnacji była kalcynacja w temperaturze 550°C przez 4 h. Pomiar aktywności w reakcji rozkładu amoniaku otrzymanych katalizatorów przeprowadzono w warunkach czystego amoniaku w zakresie temperatur od 400 do 630°C. W pracy Shuang-Feng Yin, Qin-Hui Zhang, Bo-Qing Xu, Wen-Xia Zhu, Chtng-Fai Ng and Chak-Tong Au, Journal of Catalysis 224 (2004) 384-396 porównano aktywności katalizatorów nośnikowych (Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd, Ni, Fe) na różnych nośnikach (CNTs, AC, Al2O3, MgO, ZrO3, TiO2) w reakcji rozkładu amoniaku. Najwyższą aktywność wykazał katalizator rutenowy na włóknach węglowych (CNTs).Nickel supported by Al 2 O 3 is a good catalyst for the ammonia decomposition reaction, known from Ye Liu, Hong Wang, Jianieng Li, Yong Lu, Qingsong Xue and Jinchun Chen, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, July 2007 Vol. 53. No. 1845. Nickel was dispersed on the porous support surface by wet impregnation. The optimal nickel concentration in the catalyst was 10%. The maximum NH3 conversion of 99.5% was achieved at a temperature of 650 ° C. Supported Ni, Ir and Ru catalysts according to TV publication Choudhary, C. Sivadinarayana and DW Goodman, Catalysis Letters Vol. 72, No 3-4 2001 were prepared by wet impregnation. Metal content 7%, the carriers used were zeolite H-ZSM-5 (Degussa), HY (Na-Y, Si / Al = 100 Degussa), Al 2 O 3 (Aldrich Chemicals), SiO2 (CabOSil). The next stage after the impregnation process was calcination at the temperature of 550 ° C for 4 hours. Measurement of the activity in the ammonia decomposition reaction of the obtained catalysts was carried out in pure ammonia conditions in the temperature range from 400 to 630 ° C. In the work of Shuang-Feng Yin, Qin-Hui Zhang, Bo-Qing Xu, Wen-Xia Zhu, Chtng-Fai Ng and Chak-Tong Au, Journal of Catalysis 224 (2004) 384-396 the activities of carrier catalysts (Ru, Rh , Pt, Pd, Ni, Fe) on various carriers (CNTs, AC, Al 2 O 3 , MgO, ZrO 3 , TiO 2 ) in the ammonia decomposition reaction. The ruthenium catalyst on carbon fibers (CNTs) showed the highest activity.
Katalizator do rozkładu amoniaku, według wynalazku, tlenek żelaza, tlenek glinu, tlenek wapnia, charakteryzuje się tym, że stopowy katalizator zawiera od 74 do 93% masowych tlenku żelaza, promotory strukturotwórcze w postaci tlenku glinu w ilości 1-4,5% masowych i tlenku wapnia w ilości 0,5-4% masowych, 0,1-1,5% masowych promotorów aktywujących w postaci tlenku potasu lub tlenku litu oraz 1-10% masowych niklu lub 1-20% masowych kobaltu.The catalyst for the decomposition of ammonia according to the invention, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, is characterized by the fact that the alloy catalyst contains from 74 to 93% by weight of iron oxide, structure-forming promoters in the form of aluminum oxide in the amount of 1-4.5% by weight and calcium oxide in an amount of 0.5-4 wt%, 0.1-1.5 wt% potassium oxide or lithium oxide activating promoters, and 1-10 wt% nickel or 1-20 wt% cobalt.
Sposób wytwarzania katalizatora do rozkładu amoniaku, według wynalazku, wykorzystujący wysokie temperatury, charakteryzuje się tym, że tlenki żelaza miesza się z promotorami strukturalnymi w postaci tlenku glinu w łoiści 1-4,5% masowych i tlenku wapnia w ilości 0,5-4% masowych oraz z tlenkiem potasu lub tlenkiem litu w łoiści 0,1-1,5% masowych, następnie taką mieszaninę stapia się w temperaturze 1550-1650°C, przy czym podczas stapiania dodaje się nie zawierające chloru, siarki i fosforu związki kobaltu w ilości 1-20% masowych lub związki niklu w ilości 1-10% masowych, otrzymując po schłodzeniu stopowy katalizator.The method for producing the catalyst for the decomposition of ammonia according to the invention, using high temperatures, is characterized in that iron oxides are mixed with structural promoters in the form of alumina in a bed of 1-4.5% by weight and calcium oxide in an amount of 0.5-4% by mass and with potassium oxide or lithium oxide in a 0.1-1.5 mass% deposit, then such a mixture is melted at a temperature of 1550-1650 ° C, during melting, cobalt compounds free of chlorine, sulfur and phosphorus are added in the amount of 1-20 wt.% Or nickel compounds in an amount of 1-10 wt.% To obtain an alloy catalyst after cooling.
Przedmiot wynalazku objaśniają niżej podane przykłady.The following examples illustrate the subject matter of the invention.
P r z y k ł a d 1P r z k ł a d 1
Rozdrobniony magnetyt 92,9% miesza się z 1,6% mas. Al2O3, 1,3% mas. CaO, 0,7% mas. Li2O i poddaje procesowi topienia w temperaturze ok. 1600°C. W trakcie topienia dodaje się połowi 3,5% tlenku kobaltu (II i III). Proces topienia przeprowadza się w instalacji, która składa się z bloku zasilania,Fragmented magnetite 92.9% is mixed with 1.6% by mass. Al 2 O 3 , 1.3 wt.%. CaO, 0.7 wt.% Li 2 O and undergoes a melting process at a temperature of approx. 1600 ° C. During melting, half of 3.5% cobalt (II and III) oxide is added. The melting process is carried out in an installation which consists of a power block,
PL 221 260 B1 wanny oraz elektrod stalowych chłodzonych wodą. Działanie urządzenia opiera się na zjawisku przewodzenia prądu elektrycznego przez stopione sole i tlenki metali. Do górnej części wanny przylega komora spustowa [opis znajduje się w artykule Chemik, nr 1 (1996) s. 22-24]. Proces topnienia trwa około 2,5 godziny. Po tym czasie następuje spuszczenie lawy i schłodzenie w stalowym naczyniu. Otrzymany odlew rozdrabnia się i przesiewa na sitach pozyskując frakcję 1,0-1,2 mm.Baths and water-cooled steel electrodes. The operation of the device is based on the phenomenon of electric current conduction through molten metal salts and oxides. A drain chamber adjoins the upper part of the bathtub [for a description, see Chemik, No. 1 (1996) pp. 22-24]. The melting process takes approximately 2.5 hours. After this time, the lava is drained and cooled in a steel vessel. The obtained cast is crushed and sieved to obtain a fraction of 1.0-1.2 mm.
Otrzymany katalizator umieszczono w reaktorze do badań reakcji rozkładu amoniaku. Przed procesem rozkładu katalizator zredukowano wodorem w temperaturze 500°C pod ciśnieniem atmosfe-1 rycznym wprowadzono czysty amoniak, obciążenie wynosiło 10000 h-1. Na podstawie analizy wodoru na wyjściu z reaktora, zgodnie z równaniem 1, wyliczono, iż stopień rozkładu amoniaku wyniósł 93%.The obtained catalyst was placed in the reactor for testing the ammonia decomposition reaction. Before the decomposition process, the catalyst was reduced with hydrogen at a temperature of 500 ° C and pure ammonia was introduced under atmospheric pressure, the load was 10,000 h -1 . On the basis of hydrogen analysis at the reactor outlet, in accordance with equation 1, it was calculated that the degree of ammonia decomposition was 93%.
aNH3=aNH3 =
ΧΓ7Ο U°ΧΓ7Ο U °
H2^ ~^H2H2 ^ ~ ^ H2
F£H3(1,5-XH2) gdzie: Fo - całkowity przepływ gazów na wejściu do reaktora, mol · s-1, FoH2 i FoNH3 - przepływ wodoru -1 i amoniaku na wejściu do reaktora, odpowiednio, mol · s-1, XH2 - ułamek molowy wodoru.F £ H3 (1,5-X H2 ) where: F o - total gas flow at the reactor inlet, mol · s -1 , F o H2 and F o NH3 - hydrogen -1 and ammonia flow at the reactor inlet, respectively , mol · s -1 , XH2 - mole fraction of hydrogen.
P r z y k ł a d 2P r z k ł a d 2
Rozdrobniony magnetyt 86,4% miesza się z 1,6% mas. Al2O3, 1,3% mas. CaO, 0,7% mas. K2O i poddaje procesowi topienia w temperaturze ok. 1600°C. W trakcie topienia dodaje się powoli 10,0% tlenku kobaltu (II i III). Proces topnienia trwa około 3,5 godziny. Dalsza procedura postępowania jest identyczna jak w przykładzie 1. Stopnień rozkładu amoniaku wyniósł 98%.Fragmented magnetite 86.4% is mixed with 1.6% by mass. Al 2 O 3 , 1.3 wt.%. CaO, 0.7 wt.% K 2 O and melts at a temperature of approx. 1600 ° C. While melting, 10.0% cobalt (II and III) oxide is slowly added. The melting process takes about 3.5 hours. The further procedure is identical to that in Example 1. The degree of ammonia decomposition was 98%.
P r z y k ł a d 3P r z k ł a d 3
Rozdrobniony magnetyt 74% miesza się z 3,0% mas. Al2O3, 2,3% mas. CaO, 0,7% mas. Li2O i poddaje procesowi topienia w temperaturze ok. 1600°C. W trakcie topienia dodaje się powoli 20% azotanu (V) kobaltu (II). Proces topnienia trwa około 3,5 godziny. Dalsza procedura postępowania jest identyczna jak w przykładzie 1. Stopnień rozkładu amoniaku wyniósł 98%.The fragmented magnetite 74% is mixed with 3.0% by mass. Al 2 O 3 , 2.3 wt.% CaO, 0.7 wt.% Li 2 O and undergoes a melting process at a temperature of approx. 1600 ° C. While melting, 20% cobalt (II) nitrate is slowly added. The melting process takes about 3.5 hours. The further procedure is identical to that in Example 1. The degree of ammonia decomposition was 98%.
P r z y k ł a d 4P r z k ł a d 4
Rozdrobniony magnetyt 93% miesza się z 2,0% mas. Al2O3, 1,3% mas. CaO, 0,7% mas. K2O i poddaje procesowi topienia w temperaturze ok. 1600°C. W trakcie topienia dodaje się powoli 3,0% tlenku niklu (II). Proces topnienia trwa około 2,5 godziny. Dalsza procedura postępowania jest identyczna jak w przykładzie 1. Stopnień rozkładu amoniaku wniósł 95%.93% crushed magnetite is mixed with 2.0% by mass. Al 2 O 3 , 1.3 wt.%. CaO, 0.7 wt.% K 2 O and melts at a temperature of approx. 1600 ° C. While melting, 3.0% nickel (II) oxide is slowly added. The melting process takes approximately 2.5 hours. The further procedure is the same as in Example 1. The degree of ammonia decomposition was 95%.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| PL248533B1 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2025-12-22 | Univ West Pomeranian Szczecin Tech | Alloyed catalyst precursor for ammonia synthesis and decomposition |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| PL248533B1 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2025-12-22 | Univ West Pomeranian Szczecin Tech | Alloyed catalyst precursor for ammonia synthesis and decomposition |
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| PL397426A1 (en) | 2013-06-24 |
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