RS60444B1

RS60444B1 - Method and device for keeping liquid metals warm

Info

Publication number: RS60444B1
Application number: RS20200777A
Authority: RS
Inventors: Johannes Rauch; Michael Potesser
Original assignee: Messer Austria Gmbh
Priority date: 2016-03-24
Filing date: 2017-03-22
Publication date: 2020-07-31
Also published as: DE102016003728A1; PL3228403T3; EP3228403B1; HRP20201180T1; ES2797928T3; EP3228403A3; SI3228403T1; EP3228403A2; LT3228403T; HUE050839T2

Description

Opis Description

[0001] Pronalazak se odnosi na postupak održavanja tečnih metala toplim prema preambuli u zahtevu 1. Izum se dalje odnosi na odgovarajuću aparaturu. [0001] The invention relates to the procedure for keeping liquid metals warm according to the preamble in claim 1. The invention further relates to the corresponding apparatus.

[0002] U livnicama je često potrebno rastopljeni metal, na primer rastopina aluminijuma ili gvožđa, držati u tečnom stanju na visokoj temperaturi tokom određenog vremenskog perioda. Konkretno, postoji potreba da se tečni metal transportuje od mesta topljenja do mesta dalje prerade. U početku se transport obavljao samo u jednoj fabrici, ali danas se rastopine metala drumskim ili železničkim vozilima transportuju na udaljenosti od 200 km i više. Za transport se koriste posebni transportne posude, koje se takođe nazivaju "transportni lonci", a koje u zavisnosti od vrste vozila i metala za transport mogu da prihvate između 500 kg i 200 t istopljenog metala. [0002] In foundries, it is often necessary to keep molten metal, for example molten aluminum or iron, in a liquid state at a high temperature for a certain period of time. In particular, there is a need to transport liquid metal from the place of melting to the place of further processing. In the beginning, the transport was carried out only in one factory, but nowadays metal melts are transported by road or rail vehicles over a distance of 200 km or more. Special transport containers, also called "transport pots", are used for transport, and depending on the type of vehicle and the metal to be transported, they can hold between 500 kg and 200 t of molten metal.

[0003] Da bi se tečni metal održao na unapred određenoj temperaturi, od na primer, 700 do 1000 °C, tokom celog trajanja transporta, transportne posude za tečni metal se po pravilu zagrevaju. Tako je na primer iz EP 1078 704 B1 poznat uređaj u kome se transportni lonac između dve upotrebe zagreva pomoću plamenika na vazduh i prirodni gas. U DE 102007 022 684 A1 je opisana transport posuda za tečni metal sa uređajem za predgrevanje, pri kojem se posuda pre upotrebe zagreva pomoću terenskog plamenika sa porama. Plamenik sa porama smešten je u poklopcu transportne posude ili se proteže duž stuba koja je tokom postupka grejanja ubačena u sredinu prazne posude. Međutim, ovaj raspored nije pogodan za zagrevanje tečne rastopine, jer se pore gorionika brzo začepljuju usled prodiranja tečnog metala, što bi onemogućilo prodor dimnih gasova. [0003] In order to maintain the liquid metal at a predetermined temperature, for example, from 700 to 1000 °C, during the entire duration of the transport, the transport containers for the liquid metal are usually heated. Thus, for example, from EP 1078 704 B1 a device is known in which the transport pot is heated between two uses by means of an air and natural gas burner. DE 102007 022 684 A1 describes the transport of containers for liquid metal with a preheating device, in which the container is heated before use by means of a field burner with pores. The burner with pores is located in the lid of the transport container or extends along a column inserted into the middle of the empty container during the heating process. However, this arrangement is not suitable for heating the liquid melt, because the pores of the burner are quickly blocked due to the penetration of liquid metal, which would prevent the penetration of flue gases.

[0004] Temperatura tečnog metala se smanjuje za oko 5-15 K na sat u konvencionalnim transportnim posudama. Budući da istovremeno početna temperatura iz metalurških razloga ne sme da prekorači određenu vrednost, u slučaju tečnog aluminijuma oko 950 ° C, održavanje temperature rastopine se ne može smatrati neproblematičnim, posebno u drumskom saobraćaju, jer na primer nepredvidivi događaji, poput zastoja u saobraćaju, mogu dovesti do znatnih kašnjenja u transportu. [0004] The temperature of the liquid metal decreases by about 5-15 K per hour in conventional transport vessels. Since at the same time the initial temperature for metallurgical reasons must not exceed a certain value, in the case of liquid aluminum around 950 ° C, maintaining the melt temperature cannot be considered unproblematic, especially in road traffic, because for example unpredictable events, such as traffic jams, can lead to considerable delays in transport.

[0005] Da bi se osiguralo održavanje unapred određene temperature rastopine čak i tokom dužeg vremena transporta odn. trajanja boravka rastopine u transportnoj posudi, već je poznato da se posude opremaju grejnim uređajima. [0005] In order to ensure the maintenance of a predetermined temperature of the melt even during a long time of transport or. duration of the melt in the transport vessel, it is already known that the vessels are equipped with heating devices.

[0006] Na primer, poznato je da se lonci za livenje opremaju elektrolučnim grejačem; posebno u slučaju malih lonaca, potreban prečnik kruga podeljaka elektrode dovodi do samo malih rastojanja između elektroda i vatrostalnih potrošnih obloga zidova lonca, usled čega je habanje obloge izuzetno veliko. [0006] For example, it is known that casting pots are equipped with an electric arc heater; especially in the case of small pots, the required diameter of the circle of the electrode divisions leads to only small distances between the electrodes and the refractory consumable linings of the pot walls, as a result of which the wear of the lining is extremely high.

[0007] Druga poznata mera je induktivno zagrevanje posude. Međutim, za to je potrebna minimalna visina kupatila tečnog metala da bi se osigurao prihvatljiv stepen iskorišćenja ovog grejanja. Za ovu vrstu grejanja potrebni su i specijalni lonci. [0007] Another known measure is inductive heating of the vessel. However, this requires a minimum height of the liquid metal bath to ensure an acceptable degree of utilization of this heating. Special pots are needed for this type of heating.

[0008] Iz DE 3637 065 A1 poznato je električno zagrevanje preko grafitne šipke koja se proteže iznad rastopine u loncu. Posuda se sa ili bez sadržaja zagreva samo toplotnim zračenjem, pri čemu zračni štit postavljen iznad grafitne šipke služi kao reflektor za bolje iskorišćenje energije zračenja. Međutim, sa ovom aparaturom povezani su veliki konstrukcioni troškovi i velika potrošnja energije tokom rada. [0008] From DE 3637 065 A1, electrical heating is known via a graphite rod that extends above the melt in the pot. The vessel, with or without contents, is heated only by thermal radiation, with the radiation shield placed above the graphite rod serving as a reflector for better utilization of radiation energy. However, this apparatus is associated with high construction costs and high energy consumption during operation.

[0009] Kod predmeta prijave EP 0217 094 A1 gorivo se sa vazduhom ili drugim gasom koji sadrži kiseonik sagoreva u peći lonca, koja je ispunjena rastopinom ili prazna, a oslobođena toplota se prenosi direktno u rastopinu ili na zidove lonca. Plamenik je pričvršćen na držač u poklopcu lonca i svojim plamenom zagreva površinu rastopine odn. unutrašnjost praznog lonca. U poređenju sa električnim grejanjem putem električnog luka, investicioni troškovi plamenika i tekući troškovi za obezbeđivanje energije su relativno niski. Nedostatak ovog objekta je, međutim, nizak stepen iskorišćenja pri zagrevanju lonca napunjenog rastopinom, jer toplotno zračenje plamena ima samo malu dubinu prodiranja u rastopinu. [0009] In the subject of the application EP 0217 094 A1, the fuel is burned with air or other oxygen-containing gas in the pot furnace, which is filled with melt or empty, and the released heat is transferred directly to the melt or to the walls of the pot. The burner is attached to the holder in the lid of the pot and its flame heats the surface of the melt or the inside of an empty pot. Compared to electric arc heating, the investment costs of the burner and the running costs for providing energy are relatively low. The disadvantage of this object, however, is the low degree of utilization when heating the pot filled with melt, because the thermal radiation of the flame has only a small depth of penetration into the melt.

[0010] Da bi se postigla određena dubina prodiranja energije u rastopinu, već je pokušano da se plamenik na gorivo i vazduh postavi u dole zatvorenu cev za uranjanje napravljenu od keramičkog ili nekeramičkog materijala, koja je umetnuta u sredinu kalupa u kojem se nalazi kupatilo rastopine. Vrući gasovi sagorevanja dolaze u indirektni toplotni kontakt sa rastopinom preko spoljnih zidova cevi za uranjanje, koji deluju kao površine izmenjivača toplote. Dimni gas izlazi iz cevi za uranjanje iznad površine kupatila i ispušta se u atmosferu. Međutim, kod ovog predmeta pronalaska homogenizacija temperature u rastopini nije dovoljna, jer se oštro opadajući temperaturni profil javlja od zagrejanije cevi za uranjanje do hladnijeg zida kalupa. [0010] In order to achieve a certain depth of energy penetration into the melt, it has already been tried to place the fuel and air burner in a bottom-closed immersion tube made of ceramic or non-ceramic material, which is inserted in the middle of the mold in which the melt bath is located. The hot combustion gases come into indirect thermal contact with the melt through the outer walls of the immersion tubes, which act as heat exchanger surfaces. The flue gas exits the immersion pipe above the surface of the bath and is released into the atmosphere. However, in this subject of the invention, temperature homogenization in the melt is not sufficient, because a sharply decreasing temperature profile occurs from the hotter immersion tube to the colder mold wall.

[0011] U WO 2006/133679 A2 je opisan postupak i aparatura za podešavanje unapred određenih svojstava topljenja u tečnom metalu, posebno aluminijumu. Posuda sa tečnim metalom opremljena je grejnim uređajem koji se može spustiti u rastopinu i pomoću kojeg se temperatura tečnog metala može održavati i tokom dužeg vremena transporta. Kao grejni uređaj služi električni grejni element ili plamenik koji je smešten u zaštitnoj cevi. Pored toga, na dnu posude je predviđen čep za pročišćavanje gasa, pomoću kojeg se u tečni metal može uvesti gas. Penjući mehurići gasa stvaraju protok kroz koji se homogenizuje raspodela temperature u rastopini. Sa ovim rasporedom, temperatura rastopine može se održavati sa zadovoljavajućom homogenošću tokom dužeg vremenskog perioda. Međutim, aparatura je veoma složena po konstrukciji i potrebno je poboljšati je u pogledu energetske efikasnosti. [0011] WO 2006/133679 A2 describes a procedure and apparatus for setting predetermined melting properties in liquid metal, especially aluminum. The container with liquid metal is equipped with a heating device that can be lowered into the melt and with which the temperature of the liquid metal can be maintained even during a long time of transport. An electric heating element or a burner placed in a protective tube serves as a heating device. In addition, a gas purge plug is provided at the bottom of the vessel, with which gas can be introduced into the liquid metal. Rising gas bubbles create a flow through which the temperature distribution in the melt is homogenized. With this arrangement, the melt temperature can be maintained with satisfactory homogeneity over a long period of time. However, the apparatus is very complex in construction and needs to be improved in terms of energy efficiency.

[0012] Zadatak pronalaska je, prema tome, povećanje iskorišćenja energije kada se rastopina održava toplom i pritom istovremeno poboljšanje homogenosti temperaturnog profila rastopine. [0012] The task of the invention is, therefore, to increase the use of energy when the melt is kept warm and at the same time to improve the homogeneity of the temperature profile of the melt.

[0013] Ovaj zadatak se rešava postupkom sa karakteristikama prema zahtevu 1 i sa aparaturom sa karakteristikama iz patentnog zahteva 4. [0013] This task is solved by a method with characteristics according to claim 1 and with an apparatus with characteristics from patent claim 4.

[0014] Postupak održavanja tečnih metala toplim, u kome je rastopina metala smeštena u posudu i zagreva se pomoću plamenika, koji je smešten u cevi za uranjanje postavljenoj vertikalno ili ukoso u rastopini, pri čemu se rastopina zagreva putem sagorevanja goriva sa kiseonikom, prema ovom pronalasku je naznačen time, što se dimni gasovi nastali tokom sagorevanja goriva u plameniku, uvode u rastopinu kroz najmanje jedan protočni otvor cevi za uranjanje. [0014] The method of keeping liquid metals warm, in which the metal melt is placed in a container and is heated by means of a burner, which is placed in an immersion tube placed vertically or diagonally in the melt, whereby the melt is heated by burning fuel with oxygen, according to this invention is indicated by the fact that the flue gases generated during fuel combustion in the burner are introduced into the melt through at least one flow opening of the immersion tube.

[0015] Pri postupku prema pronalasku, plamenik se pali u cevi za uranjanje koja je u početku još uvek smeštena iznad rastopine, formirajući plamen. Nakon toga, cev za uranjanje se spušta toliko duboko u rastopinu da je najmanje jedan protočni otvor, ali poželjno značajan deo cevi za uranjanje koja okružuje protočni otvor, smešten ispod površine rastopine. Donji deo cevi za uranjanje je poželjno umetnut u rastopinu najmanje do visine plamena koji proizvodi plamenik. Dimni gasovi nastali sagorevanjem goriva prodiru u rastopinu iz najmanje jednog protočnog otvora i u obliku mehurića gasa se penju u rastopini. [0015] In the process according to the invention, the burner is ignited in the immersion tube which is initially still placed above the melt, forming a flame. The dip tube is then lowered so deep into the melt that at least one flow opening, but preferably a significant portion of the dip tube surrounding the flow opening, is located below the surface of the melt. The lower part of the immersion tube is preferably inserted into the melt at least to the height of the flame produced by the burner. Flue gases produced by fuel combustion penetrate into the melt from at least one flow opening and rise in the melt in the form of gas bubbles.

[0016] Pritom je poželjan protočni otvor na donjem, odn. čeonom kraju cevi za uranjanje; delovi cevi za uranjanje koji pri namenskoj upotrebi štrče iz rastopine, međutim, poželjno su nepropusno zatvoreni za gas, tako da dimni gasovi mogu da izađu samo kroz rastopinu. Tečni metal se stoga zagreva ne samo preko zidova cevi za uranjanje zagrevane plamenikom, već i preko površina gasnih mehurića dimnih gasova koji se penju u rastopini. [0016] At the same time, a flow opening on the bottom, or. the front end of the immersion tube; the portions of the immersion tube which in intended use protrude from the melt, however, are preferably gas-tight, so that flue gases can only escape through the melt. The liquid metal is therefore heated not only through the walls of the immersion tube heated by the burner, but also through the surfaces of the gas bubbles of flue gases rising in the melt.

[0017] U odnosu na stanje tehnike, ukupna površina dostupna za prenos toplote je na taj način značajno povećana. Istovremeno, penjući mehurići gasa posle efekta mamut pumpe izazivaju cirkulaciju rastopine i na taj način homogenizuju raspodelu temperature. Pošto su u principu samo voda i/ili ugljen dioksid i/ili kiseonik prisutni u dimnim gasovima kada se kao gorivo koristi prirodni gas i/ili vodonik, ne dolazi do kontaminacije tečnog metala. [0017] Compared to the state of the art, the total area available for heat transfer is thus significantly increased. At the same time, rising gas bubbles after the effect of the mammoth pump cause melt circulation and thus homogenize the temperature distribution. Since in principle only water and/or carbon dioxide and/or oxygen are present in the flue gases when natural gas and/or hydrogen are used as fuel, there is no contamination of the liquid metal.

[0018] Dimni gasovi se poželjno uvode u rastopinu u donjem delu posude kako bi se osiguralo da penjući mehurići gasa ostanu u rastopini što je duže moguće. U tu svrhu, cev za uranjanje ima jedan ili više protočnih otvora na donjem čeonom kraju i/ili na krajnjem delu koji se graniči sa ovim čeonim krajem. Na primer, cev za uranjanje je umetnuta toliko duboko u rastopinu da je najmanje dve trećine, poželjno najmanje 80%, zapremine rastopine iznad protočnog ili protočnih otvora. Kao rezultat toga, veliki deo rastopine biva zahvaćen protokom izazvan mehurićima gasa koji se penju i tako se postiže posebno dobra homogenizacija raspodele temperature u rastopini. [0018] Flue gases are preferably introduced into the melt in the lower part of the vessel to ensure that the rising gas bubbles remain in the melt as long as possible. For this purpose, the immersion tube has one or more flow openings at the lower front end and/or at the end part bordering this front end. For example, the dip tube is inserted so deep into the melt that at least two-thirds, preferably at least 80%, of the volume of the melt is above the flow or flow opening. As a result, a large part of the melt is captured by the flow caused by the rising gas bubbles and thus a particularly good homogenization of the temperature distribution in the melt is achieved.

[0019] Dovod goriva i/ili kiseonika u plamenik se namenski reguliše u zavisnosti od fizičkih ili hemijskih parametara rastopine. Temperatura rastopine na primer služi kao regulaciona veličina i meri se kontinuirano ili u unapred određenim vremenskim intervalima korišćenjem odgovarajuće merne sonde. Izmerene vrednosti prenose se u upravljačku jedinicu, putem koje se koriste za regulaciju snabdevanja gorivom i/ili kiseonikom u plameniku. Plamenik se poželjno reguliše u dva stepena ili srazmerno odstupanju izmerene vrednosti od unapred zadate ciljne vrednosti. Međutim, pri regulaciji dovoda mora se paziti da nikakav tečni metal ne dođe u dodir sa otvorima plamenika ako se smanji kapacitet plamenika ili isključi plamenik. U ovom slučaju, dubinu uranjanja cevi za uranjanje takođe bi trebalo da se adekvatno reguliše i cev za uranjanje u potpunosti treba izvaditi iz rastopine tokom zastoja plamenika. [0019] The supply of fuel and/or oxygen to the burner is specifically regulated depending on the physical or chemical parameters of the melt. The temperature of the melt, for example, serves as a control variable and is measured continuously or at predetermined time intervals using a suitable measuring probe. The measured values are transmitted to the control unit, through which they are used to regulate the supply of fuel and/or oxygen in the burner. The burner is preferably regulated in two stages or in proportion to the deviation of the measured value from the predetermined target value. However, when regulating the supply, care must be taken to ensure that no liquid metal comes into contact with the burner ports if the burner capacity is reduced or the burner is shut down. In this case, the immersion depth of the immersion tube should also be adequately regulated and the immersion tube should be completely removed from the melt during burner shutdown.

[0020] Zadatak ovog pronalaska se takođe rešava pomoću aparature koja ima karakteristike iz patentnog zahteva 4. Aparatura ima posudu namenjenu za prihvat rastopine metala i grejni uređaj koji se može vertikalno ili ukoso odozgo ubaciti u unutrašnjost posude pomoću uređaja za dovod, pri čemu taj grejni uređaj sadrži plamenik smešten u cev za uranjanje i priključen na dovodni vod za gorivo i dovodni vod za kiseonik, pri čemu je cev za uranjanje u svom donjem delu opremljena najmanje jednim protočnim otvorom koji je propusan za gasove sagorevanja gorionika. Prema ovom pronalasku, aparat je naznačen time, što je cev za uranjanje napravljena tako da je nepropusna za gas u delu koji je postavljen izvan rastopine kada se aparatura koristi, s izuzetkom bar jednog prolaznog otvora za plamenik i/ili za dovodne vodove za gorivo i/ili oksidaciono sredstvo. [0020] The task of this invention is also solved by means of an apparatus that has the characteristics of patent claim 4. The apparatus has a container intended for receiving molten metal and a heating device that can be inserted vertically or diagonally from above into the interior of the container using a supply device, wherein this heating device contains a burner located in the immersion pipe and connected to the fuel supply line and the oxygen supply line, wherein the immersion pipe is equipped in its lower part with at least one flow opening that is permeable to burner combustion gases. According to the present invention, the apparatus is characterized in that the immersion tube is made so that it is gas-tight in the part placed outside the melt when the apparatus is in use, with the exception of at least one passage opening for the burner and/or for the supply lines for the fuel and/or oxidizing agent.

[0021] Plamenik grejnog uređaja smešten je u cev za uranjanje, čiji je gornji deo, sa izuzetkom dovodnih vodova za gorivo i oksidaciono sredstvo plamenika, hermetički zatvoren i koji dozvoljava dimnim gasovima koji struje iz plamenika da izađu samo kroz jedan ili više protočnih otvora smeštenog ili smeštenih u donjem delu cevi za uranjanje, na primer na čeonom kraju postavljenim nasuprot dovodnim vodovima plamenika ili u delu bočnog zida cevi za uranjanje koji se graniči sa ovim čeonim krajem. Grejni uređaj prolazi kroz otvor u poklopcu ili zidu posude i predviđen je da se u toku rada aparature može pomerati u aksijalnom smeru između dva podešena položaja pomoću uređaja za dovod. U prvom podešenom položaju je bar izlazni otvor plamenika smeštenog u cevi za uranjanje, a poželjno cela cev za uranjanje, postavljen vertikalno pomeren u odnosu na zadatu visinu, pri kojoj tokom rada aparature postoji površina kupatila sa rastopinom napunjenog u posudu. Tako bar plamenik nema kontakta sa kupatilom sa rastopinom. Plamenik se uključuje ili isključuje u ovom podešenom položaju. Kada se plamenik isključi, grejni uređaj je takođe u tom podešenom položaju. U drugom podešenom položaju, cev za uranjanje bar donjim delom uranja u kupatilo sa rastopinom, bar do te mere da se protočni otvor odn. otvori nalaze ispod površine kupatila sa rastopinom. Grejni uređaj se vertikalno ili ukoso odozgo ubacuje u rastopinu. Pre pomeranja grejnog uređaja u drugi podešeni položaj, plamenik se mora upaliti tako da dimni gasovi koji izlaze kroz protočni otvor (e) spreče tečni metal da uđe u cev za uranjanje i spreče da tečni metal dođe u direktan kontakt sa plamenikom. Nakon završetka procesa zagrevanja, grejni uređaj se vraća u prvi podešeni položaj, a zatim se plamenik isključuje. [0021] The burner of the heating device is placed in an immersion tube, the upper part of which, with the exception of the supply lines for the fuel and oxidizing agent of the burner, is hermetically sealed and which allows the flue gases flowing from the burner to exit only through one or more flow openings located or located in the lower part of the immersion tube, for example at the front end placed opposite the supply lines of the burner or in the part of the side wall of the immersion tube bordering this with the front end. The heating device passes through an opening in the cover or wall of the container and is designed to be moved axially between two set positions during the operation of the apparatus by means of a feed device. In the first set position, at least the outlet opening of the burner located in the immersion tube, preferably the entire immersion tube, is placed vertically shifted in relation to the given height, at which during the operation of the apparatus there is a surface of the bath with the melt filled in the vessel. So at least the burner has no contact with the melt bath. The burner is turned on or off in this set position. When the burner is turned off, the heater is also in that set position. In the second set position, the immersion tube, at least in its lower part, is immersed in the bath with the melt, at least to the extent that the flow opening or. the openings are located below the surface of the melt bath. The heating device is inserted into the melt vertically or diagonally from above. Before moving the heating device to another set position, the burner must be ignited so that the flue gases escaping through the flow opening (e) prevent the liquid metal from entering the immersion tube and prevent the liquid metal from coming into direct contact with the burner. After completing the heating process, the heating device returns to the first set position, and then the burner is turned off.

[0022] Plamenik je čvrsto montiran u cevi za uranjanje i raspoređen je, na primer, duž ose cevi za uranjanje. Poželjno cilindrična cev za uranjanje opremljena je sa jednim ili više protočnih otvora, koji se nalaze na delu koji je uronjen u rastopinu kada se uređaj koristi, a poželjno na donjem čeonom kraju cevi za uranjanje. U najjednostavnijem slučaju, donji čeoni kraj cevi za uranjanje je potpuno otvoren. Međutim, takođe je u okviru ovog pronalaska moguće predvideti više protočnih otvora na donjem čeonom kraju i/ili na bočnom zidu uronjenog dela cevi za uranjanje. [0022] The burner is firmly mounted in the immersion tube and is arranged, for example, along the axis of the immersion tube. Preferably, the cylindrical immersion tube is equipped with one or more flow openings, which are located on the part that is immersed in the melt when the device is used, and preferably on the lower front end of the immersion tube. In the simplest case, the lower front end of the immersion tube is completely open. However, it is also possible within the scope of this invention to provide more flow openings at the lower front end and/or on the side wall of the immersed part of the immersion tube.

[0023] Da bi se osiguralo da se dimni gasovi nastali tokom sagorevanja unose u rastopinu što je moguće potpunije, cev za uranjanje je konstruisana tako da bude nepropusna za gas na svom gornjem čeonom kraju i u delu omotača, koji nije ispod površine rastopine nakon što se cev za uranjanje potopi. Cev za uranjanje ima samo jedan protočni otvor ili više protočnih otvora za plamenik i/ili dovodne vodove za gorivo i/ili oksidaciono sredstvo, pri čemu je spoj između plamenika ili dovodnih vodova i zidova cevi za uranjanje takođe u velikoj meri nepropusan za gas i na tom mestu nikakav dimni gas ili samo zanemarljivo mala količina dimnog gasa može da iscuri. [0023] To ensure that the flue gases produced during combustion are introduced into the melt as completely as possible, the immersion tube is designed to be gas-tight at its upper end and in the part of the jacket, which is not below the surface of the melt after the immersion tube is submerged. The immersion tube has only one flow opening or multiple flow openings for the burner and/or supply lines for fuel and/or oxidizer, wherein the junction between the burner or supply lines and the walls of the immersion tube is also substantially gas-tight and at that point no flue gas or only a negligibly small amount of flue gas can escape.

[0024] Posebno poželjno izvođenje ovog pronalaska predviđa da je posuda konstruisana kao transportna posuda za transport rastopine metala. Na primer se radi o posudi koja je čvrsto montirana ili se može montirati na drumsko ili šinsko i koja služi za transport tečnih metala, poput tečnog gvožđa ili tečnog aluminijuma. Grejni uređaj montiran na kontejneru omogućava kontinuiranu regulaciju rastopine čak i za vreme transporta. Zbog vertikalne podesivosti grejača, plamenik se takođe može u potpunosti isključiti. [0024] A particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention foresees that the vessel is constructed as a transport vessel for the transport of molten metal. For example, it is a container that is firmly mounted or can be mounted on a road or rail and is used to transport liquid metals, such as liquid iron or liquid aluminum. The heating device mounted on the container enables continuous regulation of the melt even during transport. Due to the vertical adjustability of the heater, the burner can also be completely switched off.

[0025] Jedini crtež (slika 1) šematski ilustruje aparaturu prema ovom pronalasku. [0025] The single drawing (Figure 1) schematically illustrates the apparatus according to the present invention.

[0026] Aparatura 1 za održavanje toplote tečnog metala, na primer tečnog aluminijuma, obuhvata posudu 2, na primer kalup ili lonac, koji je pogodan, na primer, za transport na drumskom ili šinskom vozilu, i odvojivi poklopac 3 koji zatvara posudu 2. Kada se koristi namenski, posuda 2 služi za prihvat rastopine 4 do nivoa 5. Posuda 2 i poklopac 3 sastoje se od vatrostalnog, na toplotu otpornog, materijala odn. obloženi su vatrostalnim materijalom (nije ovde prikazano). Udubljenje 6 je predviđeno u poklopcu 3 za grejni uređaj 7, koji je detaljnije opisan u nastavku. [0026] Apparatus 1 for maintaining the heat of liquid metal, for example liquid aluminum, includes a container 2, for example a mold or a pot, which is suitable, for example, for transport on a road or rail vehicle, and a detachable cover 3 that closes the container 2. When used for its purpose, the container 2 serves to receive the melt 4 up to level 5. The container 2 and the cover 3 consist of a refractory, heat-resistant, material or. they are lined with refractory material (not shown here). A recess 6 is provided in the cover 3 for the heating device 7, which is described in more detail below.

[0027] Grejni uređaj 7 obuhvata plamenik 10 smešten u cev za uranjanje 9, koja je na primer u obliku kružnog cilindra, i može se u vertikalnom smeru pomoću uređaja za dovod 11, koji je spolja postavljen na poklopcu 3 i nije ovde detaljnije objašnjen, pomerati u unutrašnjost posude 3 i iz unutrašnjosti posude 3. Pomoću grejnog uređaja 7, na primer, rastopina 4 treba da se tokom transporta od na primer na primer 2-4 sata drži na temperaturi od, na primer, 780 °C. [0027] The heating device 7 includes a burner 10 placed in the immersion tube 9, which is for example in the form of a circular cylinder, and can be moved in the vertical direction by means of the supply device 11, which is externally placed on the lid 3 and is not explained in detail here, into and out of the vessel 3. By means of the heating device 7, for example, the melt 4 should be kept at a temperature during transport of, for example, for example 2-4 hours of, for example, 780 °C.

[0028] Kod plamenika 10 se radi o plameniku na gorivo i kiseonik sa centralnim dovodom 13, spojenim na vod za gorivo 12, za gasovito ili tečno gorivo, na primer prirodni gas, i spojenim na vod 14 za kiseonik, sa dovodom za gorivo dovodom sredstva za oksidaciju 15 koji se radijalno sa spoljnje strane priključuje na dovod za gorivo i uređajem za paljenje 16. Plamenik 10 je na način koji nije prikazan ovde fiksiran u cevi za uranjanje 9 i postavljen je duž njene cevi. Vod za gorivo 12 i vod za kiseonik 14 povezani su sa izvorima goriva i kiseonika, koji nisu ovde prikazani. [0028] The burner 10 is a fuel and oxygen burner with a central supply 13, connected to a fuel line 12, for gaseous or liquid fuel, for example natural gas, and connected to a line 14 for oxygen, with a fuel supply by an oxidizing agent supply 15 which is radially connected from the outside to the fuel supply and the ignition device 16. The burner 10 is in a way that is not shown here fixed in the immersion tube 9 and is placed along its tube. Fuel line 12 and oxygen line 14 are connected to fuel and oxygen sources, not shown here.

[0029] Cev za uranjanje 9 je napravljena od keramičkog ili nekeramičkog materijala i otvorena je na svom donjem čeonom kraju 17. Umesto ili kao dopuna potpuno otvorenog čeonog kraja 17, jedan ili više otvora takođe može biti raspoređeno u donjem, tj. pri namenskoj upotrebi, delu cevi za uranjanje 9 koji se nalazi ispod nivoa 5 rastopine 4, naročito takvi otvori sa kojima se dimni gasovi koji izlaze iz cevi za uranjanje 9 usmeravaju bočno u rastopinu. Dužina cevi za uranjanje 9 je dimenzionisana tako da se pri pomeranju prema gore uz pomoć uređaja za dovod 11 postiže položaj u kojem je donji čeoni kraj 17, ili bar plamenik 10, iznad nivoa 5 rastopine, prilikom pomeranja prema dole, međutim, da je cev za uranjanje duboko uronjena u rastopinu 4, a plamenik 10 izlaznim otvorom pozicioniran ispod nivoa 5. [0029] The immersion tube 9 is made of ceramic or non-ceramic material and is open at its lower front end 17. Instead of or in addition to the fully open front end 17, one or more openings can also be arranged in the lower, ie. in the intended use, the part of the immersion tube 9 located below the level 5 of the melt 4, especially such openings with which the flue gases coming out of the immersion tube 9 are directed laterally into the melt. The length of the immersion tube 9 is dimensioned so that when moving upwards with the help of the feeding device 11, a position is reached in which the lower front end 17, or at least the burner 10, is above the level 5 of the melt, when moving downwards, however, the immersion tube is deeply immersed in the melt 4, and the burner 10 is positioned below level 5 through the outlet opening.

[0030] Na gornjem čeonom kraju 18, cev za uranjanje 9 je konstruisana tako da je u velikoj meri nepropusna za gas i ima samo provodne otvore 21, 22 za vodove 12, 14, pri čemu su oni sa svoje strane bar u velikoj meri nepropusni za gas, tako da dimni gas u ovom smeru ne može, ili samo u neznatnoj količini može izaći iz cevi za uranjanje 9. [0030] At the upper front end 18, the immersion tube 9 is constructed so that it is largely impermeable to gas and has only conducting openings 21, 22 for the lines 12, 14, whereby they are at least largely impermeable to gas, so that the flue gas in this direction cannot, or only in a small amount, exit the immersion tube 9.

[0031] Za vreme rada aparature 1, kalup 2 se napuni rastopinom 4 do nivoa 5, a zatim se poklopac 3 sa grejnim uređajem 6 stavi na kalup 2. Grejni uređaj 7 je pritom u početku još uvek u gornjem položaju, u kom je donji čeoni kraj 17 cevi za uranjanje 9, ili bar plamenik 10, iznad nivoa 5. Potom se gorivo, poželjno prirodni gas, i kiseonik, poželjno kiseonik čistoće od najmanje 95 zapreminskih %, uvode putem vodova 12, 14 i pale pomoću paljenja 16, posle čega gorivo sagoreva stvarajući plamen 19. Nastali dimni gasovi potpuno ili gotovo potpuno izlaze kroz otvoreni čeoni kraj 17 cevi za uranjanje. Potom se grejni uređaj 7 spušta pomoću uređaja za dovod 11 sve dok se donji deo cevi za uranjanje 9, a naročito prednji čeoni kraj 17 ne bude nalazio unutar rastopine 4, kao što je prikazano na slici 1. Pritisak dimnih gasova koji nastaju tokom sagorevanja sprečava da rastopina prodire u unutrašnjost cevi za uranjanje 9; te plamen 19 stoga nije u direktnom kontaktu sa rastopinom 4 ili samo na svom krajnjem vrhu. Umesto toga, dimni gasovi - kako je naznačeno strelicama 23 - sa otvorenog, donjeg čeonog kraja 17 cevi za uranjanje 9, prodiru u rastopinu 4 i penju se u obliku mehurića gasa 24. Zbog velikog broja mehurića gasa 24 koji se penju, na raspolaganju je velika površina za prenos toplote iz dimnih gasova u rastopinu 4. U isto vreme, mehurići gasa 24 koji se penju usled efekta mamut pumpe dovode do kontinuirane cirkulacije rastopine 4, pomoću koje se raspodela temperature u rastopini 4 homogenizuje. Pored prenosa toplote na površini mehurića gasa 24, prenos toplote se odvija i na zidu cevi za uranjanje 9. Dimni gasovi koji izlaze iz rastopine 4 se zatim odvode kroz ventilacioni otvor 25 u poklopcu 3. During the operation of the apparatus 1, the mold 2 is filled with melt 4 up to level 5, and then the cover 3 with the heating device 6 is placed on the mold 2. The heating device 7 is initially still in the upper position, in which the lower front end 17 of the immersion tube 9, or at least the burner 10, is above level 5. Then the fuel, preferably natural gas, and oxygen, preferably oxygen with a purity of at least 95% by volume, they are introduced through lines 12, 14 and ignited by means of ignition 16, after which the fuel burns creating a flame 19. The resulting flue gases completely or almost completely exit through the open front end 17 of the immersion tube. Then the heating device 7 is lowered by means of the feeding device 11 until the lower part of the immersion tube 9, and especially the front end 17, is inside the melt 4, as shown in Figure 1. The pressure of the flue gases generated during combustion prevents the melt from penetrating into the immersion tube 9; and the flame 19 is therefore not in direct contact with the melt 4 or only at its extreme tip. Instead, the flue gases - as indicated by the arrows 23 - from the open, lower front end 17 of the immersion tube 9, penetrate the melt 4 and rise in the form of gas bubbles 24. Due to the large number of rising gas bubbles 24, a large surface area is available for heat transfer from the flue gases to the melt 4. At the same time, the rising gas bubbles 24 due to the mammoth pump effect lead to continuous circulation of melt 4, which homogenizes the temperature distribution in melt 4. In addition to the heat transfer on the surface of the gas bubble 24, heat transfer also takes place on the wall of the immersion tube 9. The flue gases leaving the melt 4 are then removed through the vent 25 in the cover 3.

[0032] Dovod toplotne energije u rastopini 4 može se dalje regulisati u obliku izvođenja prema sl.1 kao funkcija temperature rastopine 4. U tu svrhu se temperaturna merna sonda 27 koja se vodi kroz zid poklopca 3 nalazi u podatkovnoj vezi sa upravljačkom jedinicom 28 -kako je naznačeno isprekidanom linijom. Sonda 27 omogućava kontinuirano merenje temperature rastopine 4. Upravljačka jedinica je u podatkovnoj komunikaciji sa ventilima za podešavanje 29, 30 u vodovima 12, 14. Na ovaj način, snagom plamenika 10 može se proporcionalno ili postepeno upravljati uticanjem na dovod goriva i/ili kiseonika u zavisnosti od temperature rastopine 4 registrovane na temperaturnoj mernoj sondi 27 i snaga plamenika može da se koristi, na primer, za trajno održavanje temperature rastopine 4 na zadatoj vrednosti. Kao rezultat toga, naročito moguće je i automatizovano grejanje tokom transporta. [0032] The supply of thermal energy in the melt 4 can be further regulated in the form of execution according to Fig. 1 as a function of the temperature of the melt 4. For this purpose, the temperature measuring probe 27 which is guided through the wall of the cover 3 is in a data connection with the control unit 28 - as indicated by a broken line. The probe 27 enables continuous measurement of the temperature of the melt 4. The control unit is in data communication with the adjusting valves 29, 30 in the lines 12, 14. In this way, the power of the burner 10 can be proportionally or gradually controlled by influencing the supply of fuel and/or oxygen depending on the temperature of the melt 4 registered on the temperature measuring probe 27 and the power of the burner can be used, for example, to permanently maintain the temperature of the melt 4 at the set value. As a result, automated heating during transport is particularly possible.

[0033] Aparatura prema ovom pronalasku je pogodna za održavanje raznih metala toplim, posebno gvožđa ili aluminijuma, zagrevanjem do temperature od 1000 °C. Velika površina za razmenu toplote na mehurićima gasa koji se penju u rastopini obezbeđuje visoku efikasnost grejanja kao i dobru homogenost temperature u rastopini zahvaljujući stalnom kretanju indukovanom mehurićima gasa koji se penju. Kada se koristi plamenik na gorivo i kiseonik, osigurano je da se dimni gasovi uglavnom sastoje od CO2, H2O i O2, koji ne utiču negativno na rastopinu. [0033] The apparatus according to this invention is suitable for keeping various metals warm, especially iron or aluminum, by heating up to a temperature of 1000 °C. The large surface area for heat exchange on the rising gas bubbles in the melt ensures high heating efficiency as well as good temperature homogeneity in the melt due to the constant motion induced by the rising gas bubbles. When a fuel and oxygen burner is used, it is ensured that the flue gases consist mainly of CO2, H2O and O2, which do not adversely affect the melt.

1 1

Spisak referentnih oznaka [0034] List of Reference Marks [0034]

1. 1.

Aparatura Equipment

2. 2.

Posuda Dish

3. 3.

Poklopac Lid

4. 4.

Rastopina Melt

5. 5.

Nivo Level

6. 6.

Udubljenje Indentation

7. 7.

Grejni uređaj Heating device

8. 8.

-9. -9.

Cev za uranjanje 10. Immersion tube 10.

Plamenik Flamethrower

11. 11.

Uređaj za dovod 12. Feeder 12.

Vod za gorivo 13. Fuel line 13.

Dovod goriva 14. Fuel supply 14.

Vod za kiseonik 15. Oxygen line 15.

Dovod kiseonika 16. Oxygen supply 16.

Uređaj za paljenje Donji čeoni kraj Ignition device Lower front end

Gornja čeoni kraj Plamen Upper front end Flame

-Prolazni otvor -Passage opening

Prolazni otvor Passageway

Strelica Arrow

Mehurić gasa Gas bubble

Odvod Drain

-Temperaturna merna sonda Upravljačka jedinica Ventil za podešavanje Ventil za podešavanje -Temperature measuring probe Control unit Adjustment valve Adjustment valve

Claims

Patent claims

1. A procedure for keeping liquid metals warm, in which the metal melt (4) is received in a container (2) and heated by burning fuel with oxygen using an immersion tube (9) inserted vertically or diagonally into the melt (4) and an accepted burner (10).

indicated by,

that during the combustion of fuel in the burner (10), the flue gases generated are introduced into the melt through the flow opening of the immersion pipe (9).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that flue gases are introduced into the lower part of the container (2) into the melt (4).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the supply of fuel and/or oxygen to the burner (10) is regulated depending on the parameters in the melt (4) registered on the measuring probe (27) inside the container (2).

4. Apparatus for keeping liquid metals warm, with a container (2) designed to receive the melt (4), as well as with a heating device (7) that can be inserted vertically or diagonally into the interior of the container using the supply device (11), which includes a burner (10) inserted into the immersion tube (9), connected to the supply line (12) for fuel and the supply line (14) for oxygen, whereby the immersion tube (9) is equipped in its lower part with at least one by a flow opening permeable to the combustion gases of the burner (10), indicated by

that the immersion pipe (9) in the part that is arranged outside the melt (4) during the use of the apparatus, with the exception of at least one passage opening (21, 22) for the burner (10) and/or for the supply lines (12, 14) for fuel and/or oxidizing agent, is designed to be impermeable to gas.

5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the flow opening is arranged at the lower front end (17) of the immersion tube.

6. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the container (2) is shaped as a transport container for transporting the metal melt (4).