RU2000384C1 - Sea protecting fence structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The state-controlled (open or stowed) marine protective enclosing structure includes a number of spans, with one end hinged on a flatbet with the possibility of their rotation in a vertical plane. The span is provided with a load to move along the span along its height and fix between the upper end and the center of displacement of the span, as well. means connecting the two adjacent spans so that the opening or folding of one of them entails a similar movement of the adjacent span and, therefore, the entire structure. In the initial state, the structure is at the bottom, there is no obstacle to the exchange of water, the surface of the water is open for navigation. To install the structure in a vertical position, the leading span is elevated to a certain angle from the original one. The invention relates to hydraulic structures and can be used, in particular, to prevent flooding in St. Petersburg. The well-known Leningrad dam, designed to prevent flooding of the city of Leningrad (Sb. Leningrad without a state, further installation of the structure is automatic. Thus, by applying force to raise the leading span effort to the required angle, the entire structure is opened. After the need for if there is a barrier in the form of a dam, it is folded, the spans are installed again in a horizontal state, for this the load is lifted and installed near the upper end of the span At the same time, the load not only compensates for the lifting force, but also gives the superstructure negative buoyancy. Therefore, it is enough to push the superstructure, unbalance it, it will fold, occupy a horizontal position. Along the way, this superstructure carries along the neighboring one, it starts chain reaction as during the opening of the structure. The structure will be folded. The span structure is also equipped with a shield and a curtain for more complete blocking of water. At the same time, the shield is used as a support. In addition, support struts can be used. The blinds and support struts do not require special control; they function automatically when the dam is opened and folded. 2 s.p. f-ly, 13 ill. floods.- Comp. V.T.Senin. L .. 1984, p. 52) The disadvantage of this structure is a change in the ecological regime of rivers and the gulf, pollution and poisoning of the waters surrounded by the structure, depletion of flora and fauna, the threat of the transformation of the Balyu o CJ 00 4 o

Description

tics into a dead swamp as a result of blocking the water area with stone-earth dams.

A device is known for blocking the mouth of a river flowing into the sea (ed. St. USSR No. 1186727, class E 02 B 7/26, 1985). comprising a shutter in the form of a trihedral prism with a horizontal axis of rotation mounted on a flatbet. The shutter is made of material with an average bulk density equal to the bulk mass of river water, and its center of gravity is located in the geometric center.

A disadvantage of this device is the likelihood of a false opening of a dam constructed from known closures, due to the approximate equality of the lifting force of the device to its mass. Such a false disclosure is unacceptable, since it can lead to an accident passing over the dam at this time. In addition, due to the low lift, such a dam cannot be opened in winter if the surface of the water area is obscured by a layer of ice.

Closest to the proposed one is a shutter of a navigable hole (ed. St. USSR No. 1174521, class E 02 B 7/50, 1985) containing a series of articulated shields having air containers and articulated strips to them, the ends of which are installed in the nests made in the flute bet, there is a compressed air source and air ducts with exhaust openings for supplying air to the containers.

This device is in fact an adjustable dam. Its advantage is the ability to lay a dam when overlapping water masses is not required.

However, the use of such a dam according to a known technical solution reduces the reliability in regulating the state of the dam with its considerable length (for St. Petersburg about 25 km) due to the use of compressed air and air ducts of an appropriate length. In addition, this dam cannot be opened in winter when the surface of the water area is covered with a layer of ice due to the fact that the lifting force increases smoothly as compressed air is injected into the span.

The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability of the construction.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a marine protective enclosure, including floating spans placed in a row, mounted at the lower ends pivotally on a flatbet with the possibility of reversal in a vertical plane perpendicular to their row, the span is equipped with a movable load and a limiting device that interacts with an adjacent span and allowing its rotation relative to the first span to an acute angle, and the span

the structure is made with vertical guides in which a movable load is mounted with the possibility of fixation between the upper end and the displacement center of the span. Besides,

the span can be equipped with a sealing shield attached to the lower part of the span, as well as supporting struts, articulated at one end to its upper part on the lower side, and two-link hinges, pivotally

attached to struts and spans.

An additional search among solutions known in science and technology that have the same essential features has shown that the proposed device has new properties that do not match the properties of the devices and known solutions, which allows us to draw a preliminary conclusion that this technical solution meets the criterion of significant distinguish.

Used terms: structure addition, span - installation

0 structure, span to horizontal position; disclosure of a structure, a span - installation of a structure, a span in a vertical position,

5 Figure 1 shows the disclosed structure; figure 2 - folded span with a moving load; Fig. 3 is a span structure disclosed with a load and a shield in projections; on fig, 4, a - process

0 rolling the cargo from the upper end to the flat beta; 4,6 - the same to the upper end; in Fig.5 and 6 - the design of the gutter, guides, stops, wedge and load (sections A-A and B-B in Fig. 3, respectively; Fig. 7 5 span, opened with shutters; Fig. 8 - folded with shutters (view from the upper end); in Fig. 9 - the same, with a beveled end at the flatbut (shown conditionally); Fig. 10 - the same, with an expanded end at the flatbet (conventionally shown) ; in Fig. 11, also, with a limiting device and a float; in Fig. 12, the process of raising the slave by the leading span and 0; in Fig. 13, the span

5 is a structure with supporting struts in the projections.

In FIG. 13, support struts are shown 12. Each strut is pivotally connected at one end to the span 1 at its upper end with limited possibility of rotation in the plane of rotation of the span 1 due to the articulated link pivotally connected by its links 13 to the span 12 with the support strut 12, the hinge rod opens in the plane of rotation of the span 1 and has a limited opening angle due to the limiter 14, supporting struts can have positive buoyancy.

The construction includes guides 15, limiters 16, bevel 17, additional guides 18, wedge 19, trap 20, additional limiter 21, load axis 22, end support 23, anti-bearing support 24, angle of inclination 17 of the bevel with horizontal, angle inclination (3 bevels with horizontal, float 25. cable 26, curtain 27, groove 28, shield 29, hole 30 in the ballast.

The structure (Fig. 1) contains a number of spans 1 pivotally mounted on a flatbet 2 for rotation in a vertical plane. The span structure 1 having positive buoyancy (FIGS. 2 and 3) is equipped with a load 3 with the possibility of moving along the span structure 1 by its height and fixing between the center of the span displacement and its upper end face, as well as devices 4 and 5 (FIGS. 11 and 12) ) connecting two adjacent spans a and b so that the opening or folding of one structure a entails a similar movement of the adjacent span b. As such means, for example, two restrictive devices 4 and 5 are taken (Figs. 11 and 12). fixed on a wide span surface

1 on both sides at the side ends. Each device 4 (5) is a rod 6 (7), respectively, with a console 8 (9) at one end protruding beyond the edge of the span 1, pivotally attached to the other end with span 1 with limited rotation in the plane of rotation of the span due to limiter 10 (11).

The construction works as follows.

The structure (Fig. 1) is a series of spans 1 installed in a row, each of which is pivotally mounted to the flute 2 with the possibility of rotation in a vertical plane. Swivel span 1 with a flatbet

2 allows you to have a managed structure: you can open it if necessary, and at other times have it, thanks to the load folded, which eliminates

the negative impact of the dam on the environment. For example, for the city of St. Petersburg, a dam is needed only for protection against floods occurring on average 1-2 times a year (from 5 for the foundation of the city in 1703, 264 floods occurred before 1984). The rest of the time the dam is not needed, it harms

ECOLOGY.

In the initial state, the structure and, respectively, the spans 1 are in a folded state (Fig. 2) and abut against the end support 23. In this state, the span is kept under the influence of the mass of cargo 3, which is in between 5 the upper end and a line passing through the span center of displacement.

The mass of cargo 3 is selected so that it exceeds the lifting force arising

0 due to the positive buoyancy of the span 1. Moreover, if one span a (Figs. 11, 12) is the lead, then the adjacent b is the slave. Structurally, they are the same. They are different

5 topics to the leading span a

make an effort revealing it.

- Led span b

opens automatically after the push

along it with the leading structure and through the limiting device 4 (Figs. 11 and 12). At the same time, we believe that the leading span a is leading (Fig. 11). After that, the led span b, having revealed, becomes leading in relation to

5 to the next neighboring slave and reveals it. Thus, having opened one span, the entire structure is sequentially revealed.

It follows from this that, firstly, any span to which a force is applied becomes the lead. Secondly, the structure can be opened from any span and even simultaneously, for example, from two sides to accelerate the opening of the dam (when opening the dam on the right side, the slave span opens through the restriction device 5).

We note some significant features of the span 1 with the load 3. The load 3 is installed in the groove 28 (Figs. 2, 5 and 6) and can roll along it when the structure is opened along the rails 15, on which the load 3 rests against its axles 22. Limiters 16 prevent the loss of cargo 3 from chute 28. The guides 15 end closer to the upper end by bevel 17 at an angle a to the guides 15. Here, load 3 rests when the structure (span) is folded.

In order for the load 3 to slide to the flute-bet 2 and to enable the lifting force to open the span, and therefore the structure, the span must be raised by an angle slightly exceeding the angle a. This is the angle when the span is raised to which the bevel 17 occupies a horizontal position (Fig. 4, a).

At the beginning of the bevel 17 there is a wedge 19 (Figs. 2,3 and 5) and a trap 20, To move the load 3 and fix it at the upper end of the span 1 before folding it, the load is preliminarily placed in the trap 20, The upper edge of the wedge 19 is additional guide 18 and has an inclination to the guides 15 at an angle / 3, as can be seen from Figs. 2 and 3 ft a. Ballast 3 pulls up the chute 28, clinging to the hole 30 provided for this purpose in the ballast (Figs. 5 and 6).

When folding the span 1, the load 3 rests in the trap 20 until the inclination of the span 1 to the horizontal decreases to the angle / 3 (Fig. 4.6). In this case, the additional guides 18 (Fig. 2, 3, 5 and 6) occupy a horizontal position and from a slight additional decrease in the inclination of the span, the load 3 slides into the bevel 17 (Fig. 2) and occupies a stable position: since / a., cargo 3 cannot independently roll out to the flute bet. The loss of cargo 3 from the additional guides 18 is prevented by additional stops 21.

The vertical span of a lead span can be forced or automatic. Accordingly, the disclosure of the structure is forced or it takes place automatically without operator intervention when the water rises above the ordinar.

Forced disclosure of the structure.

In this mode, it is operationally more profitable to have an extreme span leading. In this case, it will be located near the shore and manage it, it will be more convenient to apply force to it. If it is necessary to open the structures to the leading superstructure, which is in the folded state (Fig. 2), a force is applied to raise its upper end by an angle above the horizontal, slightly exceeding the angle a (Fig. 2.4, a). Then the load 3 slides along the gutter 28 (Figs. 5 and 6) and the guides 15 to the flute. Beginning from the moment when the load 3 rolls along the gutter 28. the opening of the span is automatic and inevitable. The process of opening the gate ends with the impact of the load on the end of the gutter 28, so that there would be no hard impact of the span on the flatbet, hingedly connected to each other, provide for the possibility of some movement of the span 1 vertically (Fig. 3). In this case, the water will dampen the impact of the span 1 against the flute bet 2.

As you open the lead span a (Figs. 11 and 12), it touches the restrictive device 4 of the slave span b adjacent to the right. The restriction device 4 is a rod 6 with a console 8 at one end, hinged at the other end with a span 1 with limited possibility of rotation in the plane of rotation of the span. In the folded position of the span 1, the restriction device lies on the span (Fig. 12. is indicated by a dotted line) under the influence of its own mass. As the span opens, the restriction device 4 accompanies the leading span a with its console 8. Upon reaching the angle at its limit value, determined by the limiter 10, the device 4 stops the rotation and the leading span, and there is no follow-up structure b.

After raising the driven span b to the angle a (Fig. 4, a), the driven span b behaves as the lead with respect to the next span on the right. Further, the process is the same as with the leading span: the load rolls along the gutter to the base and the span automatically takes up a vertical position. This driven span reveals a span adjacent to the right, etc.

Thus, raised to the leading span at an angle. the entire structure is disclosed.

From this disclosure, the structure follows

1. Each span, when opened, raises only the adjacent span by an angle a. Further disclosure of the structure occurs automatically;

2. The length of the structure formed by the open spans can be arbitrarily large, even to describe the entire Earth. The mechanism for opening the structure is simple - you need to lift it on

the angle and the leading span and the entire structure will be opened automatically by the sequential opening of the spans;

3. Automatic disclosure of the structure.

This mode differs from the forced mode only by the opening of the leading span.

Figures 11 and 12 show spans a with a float 25. The float 25 is fixed to the span by a cable 26. In the initial state, the span is folded, the cable is pulled by the lifting force of the float, the water level is ordinary.

When the water rises, the float 25 rises and there is no span a behind it (Fig. 12), when the span elevation angle exceeds the a angle, the span and structure will automatically open, as in the case of a forced opening of the structure. In order for automatic opening to take place, the cable must be fixed to the span at such a distance from its upper end that, before the span is raised to an angle a, the vertical point of the cable fastening does not exceed the water level rise.

In order to avoid false disclosure of the structure from the short wave that occurs when the sea is disturbed by a passing ship or from an earthquake, the float makes with a sufficiently wide bottom. In this case, a short wave will sway him, but will not cause him to rise and open the structure.

To add structure to all open spans, the load 4 is raised to the upper end (Fig. 3) and placed in the trap 20. The mass of the load 3 is chosen to be slightly higher than the lifting force. Therefore, the load not only balances the lifting force of the span, but also gives it negative buoyancy. Once the cargoes are trapped on all spans, it is sufficient to push the leading spans. Let it be the span and in FIG. 11. In the process of folding the span a, load 3 (Fig. 3) remains in place in the trap 20 until the angle of inclination of the guides 15 (Fig. A, b) exceeds the angle / 3. When this angle becomes less than /, the load 3 rolls along the additional guides 18 to the wedge 19 into the upper end of the span. Since in order to open the span, its inclination must be greater than a. and load 3 rolls at angle / a (Fig. 4, a, b), then load 3 cannot

roll out from the upper end of the span 1 and thereby complete the folding of the gate.

The leading gate, folding, pulls 5 adjacent span structure behind it with restrictive device 5. These span structures are independently folded from each other under the influence of the mass of cargo 3. In turn, the slave

0 span b, becoming a leader, pushes the neighboring one on the right, etc. The construction will be folded. The process is similar to the process of opening the structure, only now other restrictive devices 5 are involved.

5 Let us now examine how the necessary span lift is established, which determines the magnitude of the impact force on ice when the structure is opened in winter.

0 The span can have any lifting force. The value is selected based on the need to break through the upper end of the span ice of the maximum possible thickness in this region.

5 After this, the mass of the load, several

superior span lift

 buildings. This excess is determined

the need for a stable location

structures in a folded position when

0 exposure to unrest pestilence. Consequently, the mass of the load is approximately equal to the span lift. However, there is a limit to the mass of the load determined by the technical capabilities of the 5 marine cranes. This limit is partially overcome by the fact that several weights moving along parallel guides are installed on the span.

0To prevent the cable 26 from freezing in winter

on ice, the cable should be enclosed in a non-icing sheath, e.g. fluoroplastic.

For protection against powerful blow surge

5 waves, it is possible to strengthen the structure with supporting struts 12 (Fig. 13). The presence of support struts 12 makes it possible to have less massive spans. These supporting struts, when the structure is complex, lie on the span. When the structure is opened, the support struts 12 are automatically opened due to the mass of the articulated knee and its limited opening angle. This happens as follows: each support strut 12 is pivotally connected at one end with a span 1 at its upper end with limited possibility of rotation in the plane of rotation of the gate. Closer to the other end of the support strut 12, there is a charm connection of the support strut 12 to the span 1 using hinged rods with links 13 (Fig. 13). The opening angle of the articulated knee is limited by a stop 14. The articulated knee with links 13 opens in the plane of rotation of the gate. The opening of the struts 12 occurs when the structure is opened under the action of the mass of the links 13 of the articulated knee due to the limited opening angle of the articulated knee. When the span is folded again, under the influence of the mass of the links 13 and the limited opening angle of the articulated knee, the support struts 12 are folded and laid on the span 1. The support struts 12 can be made of light metal, for example titanium, or of hollow steel beams with lifting force. The relatively small weight of the support struts while facilitating the disclosure of struts 12,

Obviously, the structure does not block the water with a solid wall. Through the gaps between adjacent spans 1 (Figs. 1 and 11), water leaks out. In order to more fully block the water, you can apply the shutter 27 (Fig.7 and 8), acting automatically. They are a continuous sheet pivotally connected to the span 1 with a tilt of the swivel line with respect to the vertical when the span is opened. For this reason, when the span is opened, the shutters under their own bump are pressed against the neighboring crow. there, overlapping the gap between them. The shutters 27 are located on the span 1 from the side of the surge wave, from which they are pressed more strongly to the surface of the span, where additional magnets can be pressed, pressing the shutters 27 to the surface of the span 1. In the folded position, the shutters 27 hang from the span under the action own weight (Fig. 8).

In order to avoid the silting of the hinges with which the span is attached to the flute, the hinges are mounted on low anti-bearing piles x-supports 24 (Figs. 2 and 3). At the same time, the lower part of the span 1 is additionally covered with a shield 29, which is also an abutment. Thanks to the shield 29 there may be no need for support struts 12.

For coasts with an inclined bottom profile, the span is made with a beveled lower end at the flatbut (Fig. 9).

For shallow depths, in order to increase the lifting force, the gate is made expandable with a lower end (Fig. 10).

The main positive effect of the proposed technical solution is the protection of St. Petersburg from floods without harming the environment.

An advantage of the proposed technical solution is also the controllability of the disclosure of the structure and its multifunctionality. It can be used to protect the city of St. Petersburg

0 from floods. The environmental cleanliness provided by the proposed facility is obvious: it is erected only during flood times. Moreover, to accelerate the structure can be opened from two sides

5 at the same time. The rest of the time the structure is folded, hidden under water, the water area is open.

The proposed construction can be used to create a moderate, non-damaging permafrost layer in the Far East through controlled closure of the Bernigov Strait.

The proposed construction can

5 literally close pestilence and ports.

An advantage is also the unlimited length of the proposed structure. It is important that in all cases of operation, ease of operation

0 and high reliability is maintained: to open a structure it is enough to open one leading span. The relief of the bottom of the pond is not an obstacle for the installation of the structure: the gates can be placed stepwise at the base, the gates can be with a beveled end at the flatbet. The advantage of the proposed construction is also the manufacturability of installing gates in a pond. For this you need to score

0 piles, install a flatbet on them and strengthen the span on them. Fencing, drainage of the site of the reservoir, excavation is not required.

Claims (3)

The claims 5 1. Marine protective enclosing structure, including floating spans located in a series, mounted at the lower ends of the hinge on a flatbet with the possibility of turning into 0 vertical plane perpendicular to their row, characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability of work, the span is equipped with a movable load and a limiting device. 5 interacting with an adjacent span and allowing it to rotate relative to the first span by an acute angle, and the span is made with vertical rails in which a moving load with the possibility of fixation between the upper end and the displacement center of the span. 2. The construction of pop. 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a sealing shield attached to the bottom of the span. 3. The construction of pop. 1, characterized in that the span is equipped with supporting struts, hinged at one end to its upper part from the bottom side, and two-link articulated rods pivotally attached to the struts and the span. Figure 1 lito) I'm 16 Fig.Z  W 19 I 21 3 P 21 23 28 1 FIG. 2 1511) 22 J 17 Goriz / Alb 22 3 18 J3 eighteen FIG. Aa 1 / /// / / / / / FIG. b FIG. 7 x- / Fig.9 / ss / / 27 and 27 FIG. 8 VI 1 FIG. 10 1 LL / W) Yu & 777T MJWfff 9 ftrty FIG. eleven 12. tJrtf FIG. eleven