RU2425477C1 - Method to stimulate growth and development of potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and may be used to stimulate growth and development of potatoes. The method to stimulate growth and development of potatoes includes pre-planting treatment of potato tubers and treatment of plants in vegetation period with a biologically active preparation extracted from woody greens of a fir tree. The biological preparation is used on the background of the rated norm of mineral fertilisers. The biological preparation is a mixture of sodium or potassium salt of triterpenic acids and neutral components of needles at the ratio of 1:0.1-0.2. Pre-planting treatment of tubers is carried out by means of spraying with 1% aqueous solution a week prior to planting in a dose of 0.25 g/t at the norm of working fluid consumption equal to 10 l/t. In the period of vegetation plants are thrice treated with an aqueous solution of the preparation by means of spraying in the phase of blossoming start, in the phase of mass blossoming and in seven days after the second treatment in the dose of 5.0 g/ha at the norm of working fluid consumption of 300 l/ha.

EFFECT: method makes it possible to stimulate growth and development of a plant, reduces sprouting period, increases productivity and quality of potatoes, at the same time efficiency of protection against diseases is preserved.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to stimulate the growth and development of potatoes.

There are various ways to increase productivity and reduce the cost of potatoes using various doses of fertilizers, natural and synthetic preparations, such as SILK biological product, as well as phytohormones that determine the most important physiological processes (growth, formation of new organs).

A known method of increasing the yield of potatoes [RF Patent No. 2333628, IPC A01C 1/00, publ. September 20, 2008], selected for the prototype, including the germination of tubers by the light method for 20-25 days at a constant temperature of + 12-14 ° C and pre-planting treatment of potato tubers. At the end of germination, an aqueous solution of the following composition is applied to the surface of the tubers with vigorous stirring: Darina-10 at a rate of 1.5 kg / t and Fitosporin - 0.2 kg / t of tubers or Darina-10 at a rate of 1.5 kg / t, Phytosporin - 0.2 kg / t and Silk - 50 ml / t of tubers with a working solution consumption rate of 30 l / t of tubers and treated tubers are planted no later than 2 days after their processing. During the potato growing season, simultaneously with the insecticide treatment against the Colorado potato beetle, a double vegetative treatment of Silk plants is carried out at the rate of 0.1 l / ha with a consumption rate of 300-400 l / ha of working solution.

In the above method, Silk is used, which is the sum of triterpenic acids isolated from green wood fir, which can improve the yield and quality of some crops. The technology of extraction processing of fir green wood in the manufacture of SILK consists in the extraction of biologically active substances with organic solvents. The drawback of extraction is the use of organic solvents. Therefore, this method is not environmentally friendly and expensive. In addition, the disadvantage of the prototype is not sufficiently high stimulatory activity, as well as the significant complexity of the manufacture of the drug SILK, when exposed to negative temperatures, the active substance is sorbed, which makes it difficult to dissolve in water.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a new method of stimulating the growth and development of potatoes using a more effective biological product isolated from green wood fir, with an expanded range of applications and a lower consumption rate. The relevance is to reduce costs when growing potatoes by creating more optimal conditions for the assimilation of nutrients.

The technical result is achieved in that a method of stimulating the growth and development of potatoes, including pre-planting treatment of potato tubers and treatment of plants during the growing season with a biologically active preparation isolated from woody fir green, according to the invention, the biological product is used against the background of the calculated norm of mineral fertilizers, the mixture is used as a biological product sodium or potassium salt of triterpenic acids and neutral components of needles at a ratio of 1: 0.1-0.2, pre-treatment of tubers is carried out pour by spraying with a 1% aqueous solution of the drug a week before planting at a flow rate of 10 l / t; during the growing season, plants are treated three times with an aqueous solution of the drug by spraying in the phase of the beginning of flowering, in the phase of mass flowering and seven days after the second treatment at a dose of 5.0 g / ha at a flow rate of 300 l / ha, the biological product is obtained from the vegetable raw materials by treating chopped wood green fir with a 2-5% aqueous solution of hydroxide or an aqueous solution of alkali metal carbonate in the ratio of raw materials: extractant - 1: 5-12, followed by separation of the solid fraction.

A method of obtaining a biological product from fir needles was developed at the Institute of Chemistry of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A method of obtaining a biological product is environmentally friendly, affordable and cost-effective.

By chemical nature and polarity, the main part of biologically active substances of green wood of conifers is represented by two groups: neutral and acidic. The composition of the neutral components includes terpenoids, essential oils, vitamins, etc. The composition of the acidic components is represented by fatty, di - and triterpenic acids. A necessary condition for the maximum possible extraction of acidic and neutral components from needles is the breaking of their connection with other compounds.

The method includes processing chopped wood green fir 2-5% aqueous solution of hydroxide or an aqueous solution of alkali metal carbonate in the ratio of raw materials: extractant 1: 5-12, followed by separation of the solid fraction.

In the process of extraction, the formation of water-soluble salts of tar and higher fatty acids contained in the needles of fir. Salts of resin acids are surfactants. Salts of higher fatty acids are micelle forming compounds. Micelles formed during processing solubilize, i.e. dissolve non-polar lipids of woody greens. In the process of processing, the needles are simultaneously saponified with an alkaline extractant and the neutral components are emulsified in a water-alkaline or water-carbonate solution of salts. Based on mass transfer processes, an oil-in-water emulsion is formed in the reaction suspension. At the end of the processing process, the emulsion is filtered. The resulting biological product is a dark brown liquid, easily diluted with water to the desired concentration. The relative density of the emulsion is 1.04-1.06 (20 ° C). The alkaline solution in the process of mixing contributes to the faster destruction of plant tissues and bonds, penetrating into the intercellular space of woody greens, facilitates the process of extraction of acidic and neutral components.

Example 1

Ground woody greens are treated with 2% sodium hydroxide solution at a ratio of raw materials: extractant 1: 5. Receive 140 g of an emulsion containing 12 g / l sodium salt of acids and 2.4 g / l of neutral components.

Example 2

Ground woody greens are treated with 5% sodium hydroxide solution at a ratio of raw materials: extractant 1:12. Receive 400 g of an emulsion containing 7 g / l sodium salt of acids and 0.7 g / l of neutral components.

Example 3

Ground woody greens are treated with a 5% potassium hydroxide solution at a ratio of raw materials: extractant 1: 8. Get 120 g of an emulsion containing 3 g / l of potassium salt of acids and 0.4 g / l of neutral components.

Example 4

Ground woody greens are treated with a 5% solution of sodium carbonate at a ratio of raw materials: extractant 1:12. Get 400 g of an emulsion containing 3 g / l sodium salts of acids and 0.4 g / l of neutral components.

The resulting mixture of acidic and neutral components (with a ratio of acidic: neutral 1: 0.1-0.2) is effective as a fungicide and plant growth stimulator and is used in various concentrations. The drug is non-toxic, environmentally friendly, retains biological activity for 2 years.

Salts of triterpenic acids have a high growth-promoting activity and contribute to an increase in agricultural crops, the stimulating effect of these salts is manifested to a greater extent under adverse soil and climatic conditions, in conditions of drought and frost.

Neutral substances contain polyprenols, which enhance the immunity and defenses of plants from many diseases and are used for diseases caused by immune disorders. The components of essential oils have antimicrobial activity and have a bactericidal effect.

The main advantage of the new method for producing biological product from fir is that fire hazardous and toxic organic substances are not used to extract extractive substances from woody greens. In this case, the degree of extraction of extractive substances increases in comparison with gasoline extraction by 1.5-1.8 times. Physico-chemical properties of the biological product (fungicide and plant growth stimulator): a dark brown emulsion, unlimitedly soluble in water, does not have a negative effect on the skin and does not irritate the mucous membranes, odorless. The biological product is not combustible, not explosive. In aqueous solutions, stable at temperatures up to 60 ° C. Environmentally friendly product, harmless to humans and animals, with a complex effect on plants and high efficiency at low consumption.

Field tests of the drug were carried out at the State Scientific Institution “NIPTI AIC RK of the Russian Agricultural Academy” in the fields of the State Unitary Enterprise OPH Severnoye, on sod-podzolic well-cultivated soil, in the zoned mid-season variety Nevsky.

Weather conditions during the research period were generally characteristic of the Komi Republic.

Technology

1. Preparation of soil for sowing:

- disking the soil with the BDT-3 harrow, aggregated with the MTZ-82 tractor;

- the introduction of organic fertilizers and plowing them with a plow PLN-5-35, aggregated with a tractor MTZ-82;

- Introduction of the calculated norm of mineral fertilizers (NPK) by the RUM-8 mineral fertilizer spreader, aggregated with the MTZ-82 tractor;

- pre-sowing tillage with simultaneous cutting of ridges with a KON-2.8 cultivator, aggregated with an MTZ-82 tractor.

2. Preparation of seeds for sowing:

- calibration on fractions;

- selection of diseased tubers and impurities;

- germination;

- presowing treatment of tubers by spraying in a 1% (10 g / l) aqueous solution of a biological product a week before planting at a dose of 25 ml / t (0.25 g / t).

3. Planting potatoes with a four-row planter SN-4B, aggregated with an MTZ-82 tractor.

4. Agrotechnical measures:

- cultivation by the KON-2,8 cultivator aggregated with the MTZ-82 tractor;

- 2-time hilling with a KON-2.8 cultivator aggregated with an MTZ-82 tractor.

- three-fold treatment of OP-2000 plants with an aqueous solution of the drug by spraying in the phase of the beginning of flowering, in the phase of mass flowering and seven days after the second treatment at a dose of 500 ml / ha (5.0 g / ha) at a flow rate of 300 l / ha.

A method of stimulating the growth and development of potatoes is as follows.

Potato seeds are treated with an aqueous solution of a biological product 1 week before planting at a concentration of 10 g / l (1%) at a dose of 0.25 g / t (25 ml / t) with a working fluid rate of 10 l per 1 ton of tubers (0.01 l per 1 kg of seed tubers).

Apply a new biological product in the background of the calculated norm of mineral fertilizers (NPK). Vegetable potato plants grown according to the above technology are treated with a biological product by spraying at a concentration of 10 g / l (1%) during the onset of flowering, full bloom and 7 days after the second spraying at a dose of 5 g / ha (500 ml / ha), at a rate of consumption of a working solution of 300 l / ha.

From the data of table 1 it can be seen that the new biological product exhibits growth-stimulating activity during the presowing treatment of tubers with 3-time spraying during the growing season with a 1% solution. Biological treatments had an effect on potato phenology: the number of days from full germination to budding and flowering. When applying the biological product, the number of days from full germination to budding and flowering was less than 3 days, respectively, compared to the control.

The use of a new biological product against the background of the calculated norm (for a given crop) of mineral fertilizers (NPK) made it possible to increase the yield by 39.4% (Table 2) in comparison with the complex of preparations of the prototype, and contributed to the improvement of the biochemical composition of potato tubers (Table 3). There was an increase in dry matter compared with the control by 1.2% and starch by 1.3%. The increase in the content of starch tubers in comparison with the complex preparations of the prototype by 0.5%.

An increase in the rate of plant development ultimately increased the productivity of potatoes (Table 2), obtaining a yield of 38.2 t / ha, which is higher than the control by 19.0 t / ha and higher when using the complex of prototype preparations by 10.8 t / ha.

Thus, the proposed method allows to stimulate the growth and development of potatoes due to the complex effects of the biological product, to reduce the growing season, increase the yield of potatoes, improve product quality.

Claims (1)

A method of stimulating the growth and development of potatoes, including pre-planting treatment of potato tubers and treatment of plants during the growing season with a biologically active preparation isolated from woody fir green, characterized in that the biological product is used against the background of the calculated norm of mineral fertilizers, a mixture of sodium or potassium salt is used as a biological product triterpene acids and neutral components of needles at a ratio of 1: 0.1-0.2, pre-planting treatment of tubers is carried out by spraying with a 1% aqueous solution b a week before planting at a dose of 0.25 g / t with a working fluid consumption rate of 10 l / t, during the growing season, plants are treated three times with an aqueous solution of the drug by spraying in the phase of the beginning of flowering, in the phase of mass flowering and seven days after the second treatment at a dose of 5.0 g / ha with a working fluid flow rate of 300 l / ha, while the biological product is obtained from plant materials by treating chopped wood green fir with a 2-5% aqueous solution of hydroxide or an aqueous solution of alkali metal carbonate in the corresponding Raw material: extractant - 1: 5-12, followed by separation of the solid fraction.