RU2425808C1 - Method of producing polished sheet sun glass and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics. ^ SUBSTANCE: proposed method consists in viscous gummy pulp flows from glass furnace forehearth via drain chute onto mirror surface of tin bath molten surface to form equal-weight 30 mm-thick glass strip. Photochromic or colored liquid glass is additionally fed via pipeline with distribution branch pipes from extra glass furnace glass bath via slot multihole spinneret. Spinnerets are communicated with distribution branch pipes and are arranged in glass strip plane perpendicular o strip direction to form flat-parallel layers. Rate of said liquid glass via spinneret holes and its temperature equal rate and temperature in spinneret zone. Proposed multilayer glass has layers with thickness K=(0.10.3)l arranged between layers of translucent colourless glass at angle =(3045)C to glass faces at distance h=(12)l from each other wherein l is shield thickness equal to (1530) mm. Faces of flat-parallel glass layers represent flat faces and are arranged parallel with glass faces to form gap =(24) mm between them. ^ EFFECT: float-method of producing efficient sun-protection shield from finished glass. ^ 2 cl, 6 dwg, 1 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to translucent sun-protection enclosing structures and can be used in construction for exterior wide-angle glazing of monolithic facades with increased number of storeys, high-rise and unique buildings.

Known extrusion method of obtaining and the device of a sun-protection from polymer material (RF patent No. 2306397, class EB 9/24, 2006). The method allows to manufacture a sun protection device, in which sun blinds made of polymer painted material are placed inside a translucent colorless polymer sheet glass.

Due to the lower durability compared to glass, such a fence cannot be used as a wide-format exterior glazing of a building.

A sun-protection fence made of aluminoborsilicate glass is known in which a louvred sun-protection grating made of a mixture of glass and flakes of opaque ceramics is placed (USSR Author's Certificate No. 1265162, class C03C 14/00, EV 9/24, 1986). Such glass is obtained by vertical stretching in the form of a tape from a production boat. Using this method, glass with a thickness of not more than 10 mm can be obtained. This method does not allow polished glass. These two drawbacks do not allow the use of such glass for wide-format (9 ÷ 20) m ^{2 of the} building's exterior glazing.

Known sun protection made of sheet aluminoborsilicate glass in which a louvre lattice made of photochromic aluminoborsilicate glass is placed (USSR Author's Certificate No. 1063793, class C03C 3/30, EV 9/24, 1983). Such glass is obtained by vertical stretching in the form of a tape from a production boat. Using this method, glass with a thickness of not more than 10 mm can be obtained. This method does not allow polished glass. It is also not suitable for large-format exterior vertical glazing. However, the technical and economic effect of the use of this invention is to reduce the consumption of silver by 50 ÷ 75% while maintaining the sun effect. Another advantage of this glass is an increase in light transmission by 40 ÷ 60% in the absence of irradiation.

As an analogue of the proposed invention is a float method for the production of polished flat glass (Chemical technology of glass and glass materials. Edited by N.M. Pavlushkina, Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1983, pp. 232-237).

The float method of forming sheet polished glass consists in the fact that viscous-flowing molten glass from the working part of the glass melting furnace flows down the drain tray onto the mirrored surface of the molten tin of a tin bath, and is formed into a glass ribbon of equilibrium thickness up to 30 mm. Liquid highly heated tin is both a substrate and a heat transfer medium. It gives the glass the bottom necessary flatness - a polished surface and surface cleanliness. From above, in a tin bath, the glass is smoothed using fire polishing.

The glass ribbon leaves the bathtub completely molded at a temperature of about 600 ° C and enters through annealing rollers through special water-cooled rolls.

The technical result of the invention is the creation of a float method for producing an effective sun protection and the construction of a sun protection made of polished glass.

The stated technical problem is achieved by the fact that in the float method for producing sheet polished translucent glass, including the process of flowing liquid transparent colorless glass from the working part of the main furnace through a channel into a tray with an adjustable gate, spreading liquid glass on the horizontal surface of the molten tin to achieve a uniform thickness, cooling the molded glass ribbon to a hardened state at the end of the bath, separating the glass ribbon from the surface of the molten tin, After hardening the glass tape into the electric annealing furnace, additional supply through the pipe with the distribution pipes of photochromic or colored liquid glass from the bath of the auxiliary cooking furnace through slotted nozzles connected to the distribution pipes and installed in the cross section of the glass tape perpendicular to the direction of movement glass tape, in the area where the glass transitions from a liquid to a plastic state, with the formation of a flat of parallel layers of thickness K = (0.1 ÷ 0.3) · l of photochromic or colored glass between transparent clear glass layers at an angle α = (30 ÷ 45) ° С to the horizon at a distance of h = (1 ÷ 2) · l. from each other, where l is the glass thickness equal to l = (15 ÷ 30) mm with the formation of a flat surface of the ends of plane-parallel layers located at a distance δ = (2 ÷ 4) mm from the upper and lower flat surfaces formed by transparent colorless glass. The feed rate of liquid photochromic or colored glass through the outlet openings of the spinnerets and its temperature are equal to the speed of the glass ribbon and its temperature in the zone of the spinnerets, and the volumetric productivity of photochromic or colored glass of the auxiliary cooking furnace is V _aux. It is connected with volumetric productivity on transparent colorless glass of the main cooking furnace V _main. in m ³ / hour ratio

where n is the number of dies, S _f is the area of the outlet, S _cech. = l · A, where A is the width of the glass ribbon, while the molded glass ribbon is cooled to a hardened state at the end of the bath in two sections, the glass ribbon cooling rate in the first section being higher than its cooling rate in the second section.

The stated technical problem is also achieved by the fact that the sun-polished sheet glass is laminated, and plane-parallel layers of photochromic or colored glass with a thickness of K = (0.1-0.3) · l are placed between layers of transparent colorless glass at an angle α = ( 30 ÷ 45) ° С to the faces of the glass at a distance h = (1 ÷ 2) · l from each other, where l is the thickness of the fence equal to l = (15 ÷ 30) mm, and the ends of plane-parallel layers of photochromic or colored glass are made in the shape of flat faces and are parallel to the faces of the glass to form the gap δ = (2 ÷ 4) mm between them.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of equipment that implements a method for producing sun-polished sheet glass (plan view), where 1 is the production part of the main furnace, 2 is the channel, 3 is the tray, 4 is the adjustable gate, 5 is the outflow zone with tray 3 of liquid transparent colorless glass, 6 — bathtub, 7 — horizontal surface of molten tin, 8 — zone of flow of liquid transparent colorless glass onto the horizontal surface of molten tin, 9 — zone of spreading of liquid transparent colorless glass horizontally on the surface of the molten tin to achieve uniform thickness at the end of the zone, 10 — rollers for stretching the glass in width, 11 — cooling zone of the molded glass ribbon from the liquid state to the hardened state at the end of the bath, 12 — boundary for separating the glass ribbon from the surface of the molten tin, 13 - rolls, 14 - the boundary of the receipt of the hardened strip of sun-protection glass in the electric annealing furnace, 15 - the pipeline, 16 - distribution pipes, 17 - the production part of the auxiliary furnace, 18 - slotted dies, 19 - p oskoparallelnye photochromic layers or colored glass, 20 - layers of transparent colorless glass, 21 - the first cooling portion 22 - the second cooling portion 23 - sunscreen float glass, 24 - direction of movement of the sunscreen float glass 23.

Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of equipment that implements a method for producing sun-polished sheet glass (view is a longitudinal section along arrows BB in figure 1), where 25 is the mass of molten tin.

Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of equipment that implements a method for producing sun-polished sheet glass (view is a cross section along arrows AA in figure 1).

Figure 4 shows a cross section of a glass ribbon located on the surface of the molten tin (view is along arrows AA in figure 1), where 18 are slotted dies with the same given geometry of their output sections, connected to distribution pipes 16, through which it is extruded with a speed of V ₂ = V _{1 the} mass of liquid photochromic or colored glass with a temperature t ₂ = t ₁ in the form of plane-parallel layers 19, 26 - the inner thickness of the dies 18, equal to K = (0,1 ÷ 0,3) · l, it is also the thickness of the layers 19, 27 - the thickness of the molded glass tape 23, equal to l, 28 - the angle of inclination of the layers 19 and die 18 to the horizon, equal to α = (30 ÷ 45) °, 29 - the upper edge of the glass ribbon, 30 - the lower edge of the glass ribbon 23, moving along the horizontal surface of the molten tin 7, 31 - the upper ends of the layers 19, 32 - the lower ends of the layers 19, 33 and 34 - the upper and lower gaps between the ends 31 and 32 of the faces 29 and 30 of the tape polished sun glass 23, equal to δ = (2 ÷ 4) mm, 35 - the distance between adjacent layers of opaque glass 19, equal to h = (1 ÷ 2) · l.

Figure 5 shows the device of sun-polished sheet glass in a cross section, where 29 is the vertical outer face of the glass, 30 is the vertical inner face of the glass, 26 is the thickness of the plane-parallel layers 19 of photochromic or colored glass - K = (0.1 ÷ 0.3 ) · L, taken equal to 3 mm, 28 - the angle of inclination of plane-parallel glass layers 19 to the edges of the fence 29 and 30 - α = (30 ÷ 45) °, taken equal to α = 45 °, 35 - the distance between adjacent glass layers 19 - h = (1 ÷ 2) · l, taken equal to h = 30 mm, 27 - thickness of the fencing tape polished glass sunscreen 23 - l = (15 ÷ 3 0) mm, taken equal to l = 15 mm, 33 and 34 - the gaps between the ends 31 and 32 of plane-parallel glass layers 19 and the faces 29 and 30 of the polished glass sun protection tape 23 - δ = (2 ÷ 4) mm, taken equal to δ = 2.5 mm, 36 is the direction of solar radiation, S is the flow of solar energy.

Figure 6 shows the device polished sunscreen sheet glass in plan.

Table 1 presents the physical and technical characteristics of the physical models of photochromic and colored polished glass created by the authors.

The angle of inclination 28 - α of plane-parallel layers (Figs. 4, 5) and the distance h between layers 35 are determined similarly to calculating the angle of inclination of the louvre plates and the distance between them. For the portion of the globe between Russia and the equator, the protective angle defining the distance between layers 19 is α = (30 ÷ 45) ° to the faces of the fence 29 and 30, i.e. when the interval of the angle of inclination of the layers 19, the distance between the layers is h = (1 ÷ 2) · l.

The thickness "K" of the layers 19 (Figs. 4, 5) of photochromic or colored glass 26 should ensure effective reflection of sunlight on one side, and based on the aesthetic appearance of the translucent polished sheet glass 23, the layers 19 should be as thin as possible. The value of "K" is a compromise parameter, which also depends on the hydraulic resistance of the line: pipeline 15 - distribution pipes 16 - die 18, also depends on the concentration of silver salts in the photochromic layer or the concentration of the dye in colored glass, the thickness of translucent polished sheet glass 23.

The maximum thickness of translucent polished flat glass 23 - l _max -27 is determined by the modern technical capabilities of the float method for producing polished glass and does not exceed 30 mm, and the smallest thickness l _{min of} translucent polished flat glass 23 will be determined by the technical requirements for wide-format glazing of a building at a height. Therefore, the glass used, as a rule, has a thickness of at least 15 mm.

The size of the gaps 33 and 34 - δ between the faces 29 and 30 of the translucent polished sheet glass 23 and the ends 31 and 32 of the layers 19 will depend on the physicochemical properties of the transparent colorless glass 20, the design of the dies, the thickness of the translucent polished sheet glass 23, and the minimum clearance δ _min cannot be less than 2 mm and should not be more than δ _max equal to 4 mm.

A fundamental condition for the implementation of the proposed method is the need to ensure the same feed rates of liquid photochromic or colored glass 19 from the dies 18 and the movement of the layers of transparent colorless glass 20 in section AA (Fig. 1), i.e. V ₁ = V ₂ and their temperatures t ₁ = t ₂ . Only under these conditions there will be no mixing of the layers of transparent colorless glass 20 with the layers of photochromic or colored glass 19, and there will be no diffusion of these layers into each other, i.e. the strict geometry of the louvre lattice formed by photochromic or colored layers of glass 19 inside the layers of transparent colorless glass 20 of translucent polished sheet glass 23 will be achieved. The increased cooling rate of the glass tape 23 in the first cooling section 21 serves the same purpose.

Another necessary condition for the implementation of the proposed method is the compliance of the productivity of the developed part of the main furnace l - V _main. and the _working part of the auxiliary furnace V _aux. (figure 1). We assume that the width of the tape 23 has a standard width of 3 m. Other dimensions are taken from FIG. 5: K = 3 mm, α = 45 °, h = 30 mm, l = 15 mm, δ = 2.5, the length of the layers 19 is 16 mm (figure 5).

The number of dies will be equal to: 300 cm: 3 cm = 100 dies.

Thus, in the manufacture of sun-polished sheet glass 23 (Fig. 5,6), the productivity of the production part of the auxiliary furnace 17 (Fig. 3) should not be lower than 9.7% of the productivity of the production part of the main furnace 1.

Example 1. Translucent polished sheet glass 23 with layers 19 of photochromic glass works as follows. In the morning and evening hours, as well as on cloudy days, when the intensity of solar irradiation of S glass is low, the glass is colorless and transparent, no layers are visible. With increasing intensity of solar radiation, the layers become visible, darken, begin to reflect and partially absorb the sun's rays. The photochromic layers 19 begin to work like blinds. The higher the flux density of solar radiation, the darker the layers 19 become, their reflectance and absorption capacity increase and, as a result of this, they retain more solar energy.

Example 2. Translucent polished sheet glass 23 with layers 19 of colored glass work as follows. The colored glass layers 19 inside the translucent polished flat glass 23 are always visible and work like ordinary blinds, partially reflecting solar radiation.

Evaluation of the light-shielding and heat-shielding properties (table 1) of two physical models of translucent polished sheet glass 23 with layers 19 of photochromic glass (example 1) and colored glass (example 2) was carried out by the transmittance and heat transmission.

The design of the fence (Fig.5, 6) is a sun-polished glass 23, which protects against overheating of solar radiation in the building. Translucent polished sheet glass 23 can be used for large-format front glazing, performing the function of a passive air conditioner, reducing the energy consumption for the operation of the centralized air conditioning system of buildings in high-rise buildings.

Table 1 Parameters and characteristics Example 1 - layers 19 are made of photochromic glass Example 2 - layers 19 are made of yellow silicate glass Fencing thickness l, mm fifteen fifteen The angle of inclination of the sun protection layers, α, deg. 45 45 The distance between the layers, h, mm thirty thirty Light transmittance at a density of solar radiation of 500 W / m ² 0.3 0.25 Heat transfer coefficient at a density of solar radiation of 500 W / m ² 0.23 0.21

Claims (2)

1. The float method for producing sheet polished sun-protection glass, including the processes of flowing liquid transparent colorless glass from the working part of the main furnace through a channel into a tray with an adjustable gate, spreading liquid glass along the horizontal surface of molten tin to achieve uniform thickness, cooling the formed glass ribbon to hardened state at the end of the bath, separation of the glass tape from the surface of the molten tin, the receipt of the hardened glass tape in the electric annealing an induction furnace, characterized in that they provide additional supply through the pipeline with the distribution pipes of photochromic or colored liquid glass from the bath of the auxiliary cooking furnace through slotted dies connected to distribution pipes and installed in the section of the glass tape perpendicular to the direction of movement of the glass through additional outlet pipes of the same shape glass in the zone where the glass goes from liquid to plastic, with the formation of plane-parallel layers with a thickness K = (0.1 ÷ 0.3) · l of photochromic or colored glass between layers of transparent colorless glass at an angle α = (30-45) ° to the horizon at a distance h = (1 ÷ 2) · l from each other, where l is the glass thickness equal to l = (15 ÷ 30) mm, with the formation of a flat surface of the ends of plane-parallel layers placed at a distance δ = (2 ÷ 4) mm from the upper and lower flat surfaces formed by transparent colorless glass, and the liquid feed rate photochromic or colored glass through the outlet openings of the dies and its temperature are equal to the speed of the glass ribbon on top of molten tin and its temperature in the zone of the dies, and volumetric productivity in photochromic or colored glass of an auxiliary cooking furnace V _aux. It is connected with volumetric productivity on transparent colorless glass of the main cooking furnace V _main. in m ³ / h ratio

where n is the number of dies; S _f - the area of the outlet of the die, m ² ; S _section = l · A, where A is the width of the glass ribbon, m;
while cooling the molded glass tape to a hardened state at the end of the bath is carried out in two sections, and the cooling rate of the glass tape in the first section is higher than the cooling rate in the second section. 2. Sun-polished polished sheet glass obtained by the method according to claim 1, is laminated, and plane-parallel layers of photochromic or colored glass with a thickness of K = (0.1 ÷ 0.3) · l are placed between layers of transparent colorless glass at an angle α = (30 ÷ 45) ° to the faces of the glass at a distance h = (1 ÷ 2) · l from each other, where l is the thickness of the fence, equal to l = (15 ÷ 30) mm, and the ends of plane-parallel layers of photochromic or colored glass are made in the shape of flat faces and are parallel to the faces of the glass with the formation of a gap δ = (2 ÷ 4) mm between them.

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