RU2635103C1 - Means of stimulating growth of agricultural crops, predominantly wheat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: means of stimulating the growth of spring wheat, representing an aqueous solution of biologically active substances, is proposed. As biologically active substances, iron and silicon oxide nanoparticles are used at the weight ratio of 1:1, their concentration in the working fluid as 5 * 10^-5-10 * 10^-5 g/l.

EFFECT: increasing the energy of germination, germinating capacity, and increasing the viability of plants, which is important in the zone of risky farming.

4 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely crop production and chemicals that stimulate plant growth. Designed to accelerate germination and increase the vitality of agricultural plants, mainly wheat. This is achieved by stimulating the growth and development of cereal crops, in which an aqueous solution of iron and silicon oxide nanoparticles with a concentration of 5 * 10 ^-5 - 10 * 10 ^-5 g / l is used for pre-sowing seed treatment or applied to the soil before sowing. The weight ratio of iron and silicon oxide nanoparticles in the solution is 1: 1, with a diameter of 90-110 nm for iron and 25-30 nm for silicon oxide.

Growth and micronutrient stimulants have an effective effect on plant growth and development. At present, a lot of information has been accumulated on the composition of preparations or solutions that stimulate the growth and development of plants, the transportation of the active components of which to the body of the plant is carried out during pre-sowing treatment of seeds, through application to the soil together with fertilizers during soil treatment or irrigation, as well as foliar feeding.

The exciting effect of metal ions on the germination, nutrition and development of plants is known. In practice, various sources of metal ions are used, such as, for example, solutions of metal salts. A known method of pre-sowing seed treatment means "Megamix" [Patent RU No. 2478273, publ. 04/10/2013]. The method is characterized in that the seeds of crops are treated with a composition of trace elements in doses, wt. %: copper - 1.00 ± 0.20, zinc - 0.90 ± 0.20, magnesium - 1.50 ± 0.25, cobalt - 0.04 ± 0.005, iron - 0.20 ± 0.03, manganese - 0.20 ± 0.05, molybdenum - 0.15 ± 0.03, boron - 0.15 ± 0.03, selenium - 0.005 ± 0.001, water - the rest.

The disadvantage of this method is that chelate and ionic forms of trace elements, in contrast to nanodispersed forms, have a low specific surface area and penetrating ability (Altavilla C., Ciliberto E., 2010), which causes their aggregation on the surface of the seeds and contribute to a decrease in transport endosperm of the seed and biological activity of the drug.

It is known to use solutions of colloidal metals for presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops [US Pat. RF 2056084, publ. 03/20/96]. The method is carried out by treating the seeds with an aqueous suspension of recovery products of natural or artificial iron compounds in a concentration of 10 ^-2 - 10 ^-5 %. This tool provides an increase in the yield of cultivated plants and is the closest in technical essence to the claimed invention.

The disadvantage of this method is the time-consuming and complicated procedure for preparing the solution, the feedstock for which is the waste from the pickling production of metallurgical plants, buffy ore or a freshly prepared solution of iron hydroxide.

An analysis of the sources of information available to us did not reveal the use of iron and silicon oxide nanoparticles as plant growth and vegetation stimulants. Thus, the claimed technical solution meets the patentability criterion of "novelty."

This invention expands the range of effective biologically active substances for treating seeds and soils before planting agricultural plants.

The technical result from the solution of the problem is to increase the energy of germination, germination and increase the vitality of plants, which is important in the area of risky farming.

The problem is solved in that the inventive tool uses nanoparticles of iron and silicon oxide, which act on plants as stimulants and give an even higher effect than micronutrient fertilizers and other biologically active substances. The resulting action of a solution stimulating the growth and development of plants is the prolonged action of its active components during a single seed treatment or when applied to the soil before sowing.

The method was developed on the basis of the laboratory of the Institute of Bioelementology at FSBEI HE "Orenburg State University". During the experiment, iron nanoparticles manufactured by ADVANSED POWDER TECHNOLOGIES LLC were used. (Russia, Tomsk, Akademicheskaya street, 8/2), size 90-110 nm. Silicon oxide nanoparticles manufactured by PLASMOTERM (Russia, Moscow, Tarutinskaya street, 1) are characterized by a size of 25-30 nm. To prepare a solution of growth stimulant, exact weights of iron and silicon oxide nanoparticles are taken, placed in glass flasks with distilled water, they are intensively dispersed with ultrasound at a frequency of 35 kHz for 15 minutes. Preliminary studies have shown that the solution of iron and silicon oxide nanoparticles with a weight ratio of 1: 1 components has the highest biological activity (Table 1).

The possibility of implementing the claimed invention is confirmed by the following examples.

Example 1. Laboratory experience.

The effect of presowing seed treatment on germination and germination of crops using a solution of iron nanoparticles and silicon oxide. Soft spring seeds of the Uchitel variety are soaked in distilled water (control) and in solutions with different concentrations of the active substance for 30 minutes at the rate of 1 liter of solution per 1 kg of seeds. After soaking, the seeds are dried until sowing validity and stored in paper bags. Assessment of the effectiveness of the solution was carried out in accordance with GOST 12038-84. The results of the study are given in tables 2, 3.

Table analysis 2 showed that the germination and germination rate of seeds treated with a colloidal solution of iron and silicon oxide nanoparticles increases significantly compared to the control.

Example 2. Field experience.

On chernozems of southern medium loam granulometric composition with a humus content of 5.1%, a crop was grown - spring wheat of the Uchitel variety, the predecessor of black steam. The method was carried out with five repetitions with a total experimental area of 300 m ² . Before sowing wheat seeds, the soil was irrigated with a solution with different concentrations of nanoparticles (tables 3, 4).

The use of the solution contributed to a more intensive development of the underground and underground parts of plants (Table 3). Subsequent observations showed an increase in field germination and plant survival.

Claims (1)

A means of stimulating the growth of spring wheat, which is an aqueous solution of biologically active substances, characterized in that the biologically active substances are nanoparticles of iron and silicon oxide in a weight ratio of 1: 1, their concentration in the working fluid is 5 * 10 ^-5 -10 * 10 ^-5 g / l