SE201211C1

SE201211C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE201211C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1965-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: H T lisTinb erg Del är kant att koka valkott diskontinuerligt i sluten kokare under Overtryck vid t. ex. 140° C och under en tidrymd av 4-8 timmar. Eittet befinner sig jamte ben under kokningen i en inuti kokaren anordnad roterande, perforerad trumma, och allteftersom materialet kokas och skaves sonder, faller det igenom perforeringarna. Den pa detta salt bildade kottsoppan avtappas till en sluten avsattningstank, dar tyngdkraftseparering sker. Olja och limvatten uttages genom var sin cyklon, dar trycket reduceras till atmosfarstryck under angavkokning. Darefter separeras saval olja som vatten i var sin centrifug. Oljan resp. limvattnet varmes till c:a 95° C medelst anga fore varje centrifug for att motverka den avkylning, som skett. Efter den slutliga separeringen av limvattnet varmes detta medelst ytterligare anga till t. ex. 120° C for att indunstas. De anvanda centrifugerna hava varit av oppen typ. Inventor: H T lisTinb erg Part is the edge to cook valkott discontinuously in a closed cooker under Overpressure at e.g. 140 ° C and for a period of 4-8 hours. One is located on the bone during cooking in a rotating, perforated drum arranged inside the cooker, and as the material is boiled and scraped, it falls through the perforations. The meat soup formed on this salt is drained to a closed deposition tank, where gravity separation takes place. Oil and sizing water are taken out through separate cyclones, where the pressure is reduced to atmospheric pressure during decoction. Then, both oil and water are separated in each centrifuge. The oil resp. the sizing water is heated to about 95 ° C by means of a fan before each centrifuge to counteract the cooling that has taken place. After the final separation of the sizing water, this is heated by means of additional steam to e.g. 120 ° C to evaporate. The centrifuges used have been of the open type.

Till teknikens standpunkt hor aven, att det ar i och for sig kalif att for fettutvinning pa mekanisk vag sonderdela animaliskt och yegetabiliskt material. Likaledes är det kant att separera oljor i hermetiskt sluten centrifug. The state of the art also includes the fact that it is in itself a caliphate for fat extraction on a mechanical scale to separate animal and vegetable material. Likewise, it is an edge to separate oils in a hermetically sealed centrifuge.

Foreliggande uppfinning avser nu ett nytt fOrfaringssatt for utvinning av fett ur animaliskt eller vegetabiliskt material, och detta nya fOrfaringssatt kannetecknas i huvudsak darav, att utgangsmaterialet vdrmes till en tempera-fur atminstone Over fettets smaltpunkt och samtidigt harmed ochteller efterat underkas tas en finfordelning, att det genom denna be-handling ur utgangsmaterialet utvunna fettet separeras i centrifug frail materialet i ovrigt och att det utseparerade fettet kyles till en temperatur, vid vilken fettet icke undergar oxidation i skadlig grad, liar det kommer i kontakt med luft, varvid forfarandet fran och med varmningen till och med kylningen utföres i hermetiskt slutet system. The present invention now relates to a new process for the extraction of fat from animal or vegetable material, and this new process can be characterized mainly by the fact that the starting material is heated to a temperature at least above the melting point of the fat and at the same time subsequently subjected to a fine distribution. the fat recovered from the starting material by this treatment is separated in a centrifuge from the rest of the material and the separated fat is cooled to a temperature at which the fat does not undergo oxidative oxidation to a detrimental degree as it comes into contact with air, even the cooling is performed in a hermetically sealed system.

Fordelen med det nya forfaringssattet jamfOrt med det inledningsvis beskrivna sattet att utvinna felt ur valkiitt är, att utgangsmaterialet, sedan det i borjan av processen upphettats, kan med i huvudsak bibehallen temperatur (over 100° C) tillfuras de olika separatorerna, vilka, genom att de aro av hermetiskt sluten typ, kunna arbeta under overtryck. Harigenom vinnes en forbattrad varmeekonomi. The advantage of the new process method compared to the initially described method of extracting fields from valkite is that the starting material, after it has been heated at the beginning of the process, can be fed to the various separators with substantially maintained temperature (above 100 ° C). they are of the hermetically sealed type, able to work under overpressure. This results in an improved heat economy.

Vid det tidigare forfarandet maste man liven genom sarskilda regleringsorgan hàlla den fran ett fOregaende steg avgaende mangden lika med den till nasta steg tillforda mangden, narmare bestamt pa de stallen, dar materialet kommer ut i rasp. inmatas fran den fria atmosfaren. Eftersom dylika passager genom den fria atmosfaren lake forekomma vid foreliggande forfaringssatt, bortfaller behovet av den namnda avverkningskontrollen. In the previous procedure, the life through special control means must keep the amount from a previous step equal to the amount supplied to the next step, more precisely in the places where the material comes out in a grater. fed from the free atmosphere. Since such passages through the free atmosphere lake occur at the present procedure, the need for the said felling control is eliminated.

Det nya fOrfaringssattet gor det dven mojligt att separera vid hogre temperatur an det aldre forfaringssattet, eftersom man enligt religgande uppfinning kan arbeta under Overtryck i separatorerna. Detta her den fordelen, 2 att den mdjliga hogre separeringstemperaturen effektivare forhindrar emulsionsbildning och sanker separeringsmaterialets viskositet. Under dessa forhallanden sker, sasom bekant, separeringen med lagre oljeforluster. The new procedure also makes it possible to separate at a higher temperature than the older procedure, since according to the present invention it is possible to work under overpressure in the separators. This has the advantage that the possible higher separation temperature more effectively prevents emulsion formation and lowers the viscosity of the separation material. Under these conditions, as is well known, the separation takes place with lower oil losses.

Sasom sarskilt viktigt ma emellertid namnas, att fettutvinning i slutet system forhindrar oxidation av fettet. Of particular importance, however, is the fact that fat extraction in closed systems prevents oxidation of the fat.

Uppfinningen kan med fordel tillampas for andra material an valkott, t. ex. annat claggdjurskott eller fisk eller vegetabiliskt material. The invention can advantageously be applied to other materials of choice, e.g. other stuffed animal shot or fish or vegetable material.

Sarskilt i sadana fall, cla man joke viii hâlia utgangsmaterialet upphettat till en tempera- tur over 100° C och darigenom icke kan upp- ratthalla ett overtryek i det slutna systemet och pa sa satt hindra, att hilt intranger i detta och oxiderar fettet, kan man Alicia uppratt- halla onskvart Overtryek darigenom, att man samtidigt med utgangsmaterialet tillfOr det slutna systemet en inert gas, sasom kvave. Particularly in such cases, it is possible to keep the starting material heated to a temperature above 100 ° C and thereby not be able to maintain an overpressure in the closed system and thus prevent it from completely penetrating it and oxidizing the fat. Alicia is maintained to be over-emphasized by simultaneously injecting an inert gas, such as nitrogen, into the closed system at the same time as the starting material.

Denna behandlingsmetod Or av sarskilt intresse vid behandling av vegetabiliskt mate- rial, t. ex. oliver, dar det fbrekommande fettet ej bar utsattas for temperaturer over 100° C, enar dessa aro skadliga for slutproduktens kvalitet. This method of treatment Or of particular interest in the treatment of vegetable material, e.g. olives, where the resulting fat should not be exposed to temperatures above 100 ° C, these are harmful to the quality of the final product.

Speciellt nar man bebandlar animaliskt material, erhaller man en aggvitehaltig vatten- komponent. Den i denna forekommande aggvitan utgor ett vardefullt fodermedel, som tillvaratages lampligen genom indunstning av vattenkomponenten. Especially when treating animal material, an aggregate-containing water component is obtained. The aggvitane present in this constitutes a valuable feed, which is conveniently recovered by evaporation of the water component.

Slutligen varmes utgangsmaterialet med fOrdel ytterligare efter finfordelningen, sa att separeringen sker vid hogre temperatur an Genom denna atgard reduceras fett- eller oljeforlusterna. Finally, the starting material is advantageously heated further after the comminution, so that the separation takes place at a higher temperature. Through this action, the fat or oil losses are reduced.

Uppfinningen beskrives narmare i det 101- jande med ledning av bifogade ritning, vars fig. 1 och 2 sasom exempel och sehematiskt visa tvenne anlaggningar for det nya Vidaringssattets utforande. Anlaggningarnas be- skaffenh.et framgar av foljande utforingsex- empel, dar % -uppgifterna hanfora sig till vikt. Exempel 1. Avfall frOn filetering av rodfisk behandlas i anlaggningen enligt fig. 1 och tillfores denna anlaggning i en mangd om ton/tim. Ravarans sammansattning är 59,5 % vatten, 17,2 % fett ()eh 23,3 % annan torrsubstans On fett, huvudsakligen proteiner. The invention is described in more detail in the following with reference to the accompanying drawing, of which Figs. The nature of the facilities is shown in the following design examples, where the% data are important. Example 1. Waste from filleting of root fish is treated in the plant according to Fig. 1 and is fed to this plant in an amount of tons / hour. The composition of the raw material is 59.5% water, 17.2% fat () eh 23.3% other dry matter On fat, mainly proteins.

Ravaran tillfores en kottkvarn 1 av gangse typ, fOrsedd med halskiva. Genom en ledning 2 tillfores kvarnen fran ett senare steg i an- laggningen redan behandlad massa i en mangd om 1 ton/tim. Denna massa, som innehaller kondensvatten fran uppvarmningsanga, har en temperatur av 110° C, varfor en viss ang- avkokning ager rum vid intradet i kottkvarnen. Den utvecklade angan fordriver en del av den luft, som är innesluten i de frail halski van uttradande kottstrangarna, och de senare glattas pa sin yta genom fettsmaltning, sâ att de icke klibba samman utan sasom separata strangar falla ned i en efterfoljande avluftare 3. Denna, som innehaller ravara, i viss grad utspadd med kondensvatten har en skiljevagg 4, 'som delar avluftaren i en mottagningskammare 5 och en utmatningskammare 6. I kammaren 5 sjunka strangarna ned i tamligen tunnflytande massa och avluftas darigenom ytterligare, och frail kammaren 6 utmatas avluftad massa av en transportskruv 7. Avluftaren utgor samtidigt bufferttank, som utjamnar ojamnheter i tillforseln. En centrifugalpump 8, lamplig for pumpning av slam, pumpar massan vidare genom en ledning 9 till en varmare 10, dal' massan varmes pa indirekt vag medelst t. ex. rokgaser till en temperatur av hOgst 80° C. Vid hogre temperatur riskerar man fastbranning av massa pa varmeytorna. Genom direkt anginsprutning medelst en injektor 11 Armes massan till 110° C. Darefter inkommer massan i en autoklav 12, forsedd med motordriven omrorare 13. I autoklaven kokas massan under en tid av 10 min. Fran autoklaven fores massan genom en ledning 14 till en s. k. kolloidkvarn 15, dvs. en k-varn med roterande koniska, raffelfOrsedda malytor, dar en. finmalning av massan sker under direkt tillforsel av anga vid 16. Harigenom hojes massans temperatur till 130° C. Fran kolloidkvarnen, som har pumpverkan, matas massan genom en ledning 17 till en sil 18, vars silyta halles ren medelst roterande hors-tar. Sadant material, som icke passerar silen, ledes i en mangd om 1 ton/tim tillbaka till kvarnen 1, sasom fOrut namnts. Fran silen 18 matas den silade massan vidare av en deplacerande pump 19 genom en ledning 20 till en ytterligare, likaledes med omrorare 21 forsedd autoklav 22. Pumpen 19 kan regleras till sitt varvtal. Harigenom kan anlaggningens avverkning installas. I autoklaven. 22 Valles massan under 10 min.. vid en temperatur av 130° C. Fran autoklaven 22 gar massan vidare genom en ledning 23 till en munstycksseparator 24, vars inlopp och avlopp aro hermetiskt slutna. Har sker separering vid en temperatur av 130° C. Separatorn Or installd att arbeta sa, att det genom ledningen 25 avgaende limvattnet Or sh fritt fran fett som mojligt. Detta limvatten gar forst till en indunstare 26, och koncentratet fran denna gar vidare till en forstoftningstork 27, dar det torkas till ett proteinmjol med en vattenhalt av c:a 10 % och en fetthalt om mindre On 1 %. Det i separtorn 24 utseparerade fettet gar genom avloppet 28 till en munstycksseparator 29, vars inlopp och avlopp likaledes Oro hermetiskt slutna. Genom separators avlopp 30 gar olje- 3 haltigt vatten tillbaka till autoklaven 22. Munstyckena hos de bagge separtorerna 24 och 29 mynna i ett hermetiskt slutet rum, i vilket ett angtryck uppratthalles och fran vilket den utseparerade produkten bortpumpas genom ledningen 25 resp. 30. Det i separatorn 29 utseparerade fettet gar genom ett avlopp 31 till en tork 32, dar fettet torkas genom trycksankning. Harvid avkokar anga och sjunker fettets temperatur fran 130 till 126° C. Angan avgar genom en ledning 33, medan fettet genom en ledning 34 Ores till en kylare 35 av plattvarmevaxlartyp. I denna kyles fettet till 25° C. Den utvunna mangden fett utgor 1,70 ton/tim, dvs. fettutbytet är 99 %. The raw material is fed to a cone mill 1 of the usual type, provided with a neck plate. Through a line 2, the mill from a later stage in the plant is supplied with already treated pulp in an amount of 1 ton / hour. This mass, which contains condensed water from the heating steam, has a temperature of 110 ° C, which is why a certain steam decoction takes place at the entrance to the cone mill. The developed vapor displaces some of the air enclosed in the frail neck veins of emerging conifer strands, and the latter are smoothed on their surface by fat melting, so that they do not stick together but separate strands fall into a subsequent deaerator 3. This , which contains ravara, to some extent diluted with condensed water, has a partition 4, which divides the deaerator in a receiving chamber 5 and a discharge chamber 6. In the chamber 5 the strands sink into a rather thin liquid mass and are thereby deaerated further, and the frail chamber 6 is discharged. mass of a transport screw 7. The deaerator also forms a buffer tank, which compensates for unevenness in the supply. A centrifugal pump 8, suitable for pumping sludge, pumps the pulp further through a line 9 to a heater 10, where the pulp is heated indirectly by means of e.g. flue gases to a temperature of not more than 80 ° C. At higher temperatures there is a risk of mass burning on the heating surfaces. By direct injection by means of an injector 11 Arms the mass to 110 ° C. Then the mass enters an autoclave 12, equipped with a motor-stirred stirrer 13. In the autoclave, the mass is boiled for a period of 10 minutes. From the autoclave, the pulp is passed through a line 14 to a so-called colloid mill 15, i.e. a k-varn with rotating conical, raffelfOrsedda malytor, dar en. fine grinding of the pulp takes place during direct supply of steam at 16. This raises the temperature of the pulp to 130 ° C. Such material, which does not pass the screen, is led in an amount of 1 ton / hour back to the mill 1, as mentioned above. From the screen 18, the screened mass is fed by a displacing pump 19 through a line 20 to a further autoclave 22, also provided with a stirrer 21. The pump 19 can be regulated to its speed. This allows the plant's felling to be installed. In the autoclave. 22 The mass is rolled for 10 minutes at a temperature of 130 ° C. From the autoclave 22, the mass passes through a line 23 to a nozzle separator 24, the inlets and drains of which are hermetically sealed. Separation takes place at a temperature of 130 ° C. This sizing water first goes to an evaporator 26, and the concentrate from this goes on to a spray dryer 27, where it is dried into a protein flour with a water content of about 10% and a fat content of less On 1%. The grease separated in the separator 24 passes through the drain 28 to a nozzle separator 29, the inlet and drain of which are also hermetically sealed. Through separator drain 30 oily water returns to the autoclave 22. The nozzles of the ram separators 24 and 29 open into a hermetically sealed space, in which a pressure is maintained and from which the separated product is pumped away through the line 25 and 29, respectively. 30. The grease separated in the separator 29 passes through a drain 31 to a dryer 32, where the grease is dried by pressure sinking. In this case, the steam decoctions and the temperature of the grease drops from 130 to 126 ° C. In this, the fat is cooled to 25 ° C. The amount of fat extracted is 1.70 tonnes / hour, ie. the fat yield is 99%.

Exempel 2. Farskt benhaltigt slakteriavfall frail svin behandlas aven i anlaggningen enligt fig. 1. Detta material, som tillfores anlaggningen i en mangd om 10 ton/tim, har en sammansattning av 42,9 % vatten, 45,9 % fett och 11,2 % proteiner och annan torrsubstans. Behandlingen enligt delta exempel avviker frail behandlingen enligt exempel 1 sa tillvida, som uppehallstiden är 5 min. saval i autoklaven 12 som i autoklaven 22. Fran fOrstoftningstorken 27 uttages ett proteinmjEd med en vattenhalt om 10 % och en fetthalt om 1,2 %. Fettet lamnar plattkylarens 35 med en temperatur av 35° C och kyles sedan i annan lamplig, i och for sig kand kylare till 16° C, dvs. till en temperatur under stelningspunkten. Den utvunna mangden fett utgor 4,57 ton/tim, dvs. fettutbytet är 99,5 %. Example 2. Fresh bone-containing slaughterhouse waste from pigs is also treated in the plant according to Fig. 1. This material, which is fed to the plant in an amount of 10 tons / hour, has a composition of 42.9% water, 45.9% fat and 11, 2% proteins and other dry matter. The treatment according to the delta example differs from the treatment according to example 1 insofar as the residence time is 5 min. as in the autoclave 12 as in the autoclave 22. A protein mixture with a water content of 10% and a fat content of 1.2% is taken out of the sputtering dryer 27. The grease leaves the plate cooler 35 at a temperature of 35 ° C and is then cooled in another suitable, per se cooler to 16 ° C, i.e. to a temperature below the solidification point. The amount of fat extracted is 4.57 tons / hour, ie. the fat yield is 99.5%.

Exempel 3. Fenval behandlas i en anlaggning enligt fig. 2. En valkokare 36 av konventionellt utforande fylles med 8 ton kott och 2 ton fett, det senare taget fran fettlager i den inre kroppshalan. Dessutom tillsattas 300 kg havsvatten. Kokarens innehall varmes genom direkt inblasning av anga och halles vid en temperatur av 140° C under c:a 4 tim. Den kokaren totalt tillforda mangden rent fett, beraknad ur analysresultat fran processens följande forlopp, utgor 2,37 ton. I kokoren, som har en inre perforerad, roterande trumma, sonderskaves det material, som kokas, mot den roterande trumman och passerar dennas perforeringar. Kokarinnehallet tommes genom en till kokaren hermetiskt ansluten ledning 37 och tillfores en kolloidkvarn 38. Fran denna gar materialet genom en ledning 39 vidare till en sil 40. De grova bestandsdelar, som icke passera silen, matas genom en ledning 41 tillbaka till kvarnens inloppssida. Det material, som passerat silen, gar genom en ledning 42 vidare till en s. k. oljeavskiljare 43, dvs. en sluten behallare, som tjanstgor sasom tyngdkraftseparator. I denna separeras oljan fran limvattnet. Darefter avtappas avskild olja fran ett byre skikt genom en ledning 44 till en oljeseparator 45 och avskilt limvatten fran ett undre skikt genom en ledning 46 till en limvattenseparator 47. Pa grund av varmeforluster pa vagen fran kokaren 36 till seParatorerna 45 och 47 na oljan och limvattnet dessa med en temperatur av 135° C. Genom en i och for sig kand ventilanordning frarnslappes automatiskt kottsoppa Iran. kokaren 36 till avskiljaren 43, sa snart tappning sker fran denna senare. Avskiljaren 43 är sa anordnad medelst stromningsdampande skarmar, att tillflodet frail ledningen 42 icke namnvart stor separeringsforloppet i avskiljaren. Av separatorn 45 avskilt oljehaltigt limvatten gar genom en ledning 48 till separatorns 47 inlopp, och av separatorn 47 avskild limvattenhaltig olja gar genom en ledning 49 till separatorns 45 inlopp. Av separatorn 45 avskild ren olja gar genom en ledning 50 till en. kylare 51 av plattvarmevaxlartyp och fran denna genom ett avlopp 52 till en lagringstank 53. Det har uttagna fettet har en. temperatur av 35° C och en vattenhalt om 0,4 %. Oljefritt limvatten avgar frail separatorn 47 genom en ledning 54 samt koncentreras i en indunstare 55 till en torrsubstanshalt av 50 %. Koncentratet, som genom en ledning 56 gar till en lagringstank 57, har en fetthalt av 1,6 %, medan doss ovriga torrsubstanshalt i huvudsak utgores av proteiner. Den utvunna mangden rent fett med 0,4 % vattenhalt utgor 2,30 ton och innebar ett fettutbyte av 97 %. Example 3. Fenval is treated in a plant according to Fig. 2. A whale boiler 36 of conventional design is filled with 8 tons of meat and 2 tons of fat, the latter from fat layers in the inner body tail. In addition, 300 kg of seawater is added. The contents of the kettle are heated by direct blowing of steam and kept at a temperature of 140 ° C for about 4 hours. The total amount of pure fat in the boiler, calculated from analysis results from the following course of the process, is 2.37 tonnes. In the cooker, which has an inner perforated rotating drum, the material being boiled is probed against the rotating drum and passes through its perforations. The boiler contents are emptied through a line 37 hermetically connected to the boiler and fed to a colloid mill 38. From there the material passes through a line 39 to a screen 40. The coarse constituents which do not pass the screen are fed back through a line 41 to the inlet side of the mill. The material which has passed the screen passes through a line 42 to a so-called oil separator 43, i.e. a closed container, which serves as a gravity separator. In this, the oil is separated from the sizing water. Thereafter, separated oil from a base layer is drained through a line 44 to an oil separator 45 and separated sizing water from a lower layer through a line 46 to a sizing water separator 47. these with a temperature of 135 ° C. Through a per se known valve device, vertebral soup Iran is automatically released. the boiler 36 to the separator 43, as soon as bottling takes place from the latter. The separator 43 is arranged by means of flow-damping screens so that the inflow from the line 42 does not name the large separation process in the separator. Oil-containing adhesive water separated from separator 45 passes through a line 48 to the inlet of separator 47, and oil-separated adhesive water separated from separator 47 passes through a line 49 to inlet of separator 45. Pure oil separated from the separator 45 passes through a line 50 to a. cooler 51 of the plate heat exchanger type and from this through a drain 52 to a storage tank 53. It has the removed fat has a. temperature of 35 ° C and a water content of 0.4%. Oil-free sizing water is released from the separator 47 through a line 54 and concentrated in an evaporator 55 to a dry matter content of 50%. The concentrate, which passes through a line 56 to a storage tank 57, has a fat content of 1.6%, while the dosage of other dry matter contents consists mainly of proteins. The extracted amount of pure fat with 0.4% water content is 2.30 tonnes and meant a fat yield of 97%.

Claims

Patent claim:

Process for the extraction of fat from animal or vegetable material, can be obtained by heating the starting material to a temperature at least above the melting point of the fat and at the same time subjecting it to a comminution and / or afterwards, separating the fat obtained from this starting material in centrifuge Iran the rest of the material and that the separated fat is cooled to a temperature at which the fat does not undergo oxidation. to a detrimental degree, when it comes into contact with air, the process from and riled heating even cooling being carried out under overpressure in a hermetically sealed system.

Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting material resp. the separated fat Mlles under an atmosphere of inert gas, e.g. suffocation, during treatment in the closed system.

3. Process according to claim 1 or 2 in the treatment of animal material, characterized in that the aggvite-containing water component, which is separated out in the centrifuge, Request publications: evaporate.

A method according to any one of the foregoing Patents Iron patent claims, characterized in that out of Germany 1,027,350; USA 2,748,152, the gangue material is further heated after the fine distribution, so that the separation takes place at a higher temperature than this.