SE512757C2 - Tillsats av dopingmedel vid tillverkning av stål i ljusbågsugn, dopingmedlet samt användning av detta - Google Patents

Tillsats av dopingmedel vid tillverkning av stål i ljusbågsugn, dopingmedlet samt användning av detta

Info

Publication number: SE512757C2
Authority: SE; Sweden
Prior art keywords: melt; particles; slag; reduction; top slag
Prior art date: 1998-09-03

Application number

SE9802976A

Other languages

English (en)

Swedish (sv)

Other versions

SE9802976L (sv

SE9802976D0 (sv

Inventor

Maarten Goernerup

Original Assignee

Uddeholm Technology Ab

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1998-09-03

Filing date

1998-09-03

Publication date

2000-05-08

1998-09-03 Application filed by Uddeholm Technology Ab filed Critical Uddeholm Technology Ab

1998-09-03 Priority to SE9802976A priority Critical patent/SE512757C2/sv

1998-09-03 Publication of SE9802976D0 publication Critical patent/SE9802976D0/xx

1999-07-19 Priority to AT99941932T priority patent/ATE268388T1/de

1999-07-19 Priority to EP99941932A priority patent/EP1117845B8/de

1999-07-19 Priority to PCT/SE1999/001290 priority patent/WO2000014287A1/en

1999-07-19 Priority to AU55405/99A priority patent/AU5540599A/en

1999-07-19 Priority to DE69917793T priority patent/DE69917793T2/de

1999-07-19 Priority to US09/786,249 priority patent/US6689189B1/en

1999-07-19 Priority to ES99941932T priority patent/ES2222722T3/es

2000-03-04 Publication of SE9802976L publication Critical patent/SE9802976L/xx

2000-05-08 Publication of SE512757C2 publication Critical patent/SE512757C2/sv

Links

239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 17
229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 claims 3
239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims 1
230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 abstract 1
238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 4
239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 3
229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 2
229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
229910021386 carbon form Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
- C22C33/0271—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5% with only C, Mn, Si, P, S, As as alloying elements, e.g. carbon steel
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/02—Making special pig-iron, e.g. by applying additives, e.g. oxides of other metals
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/005—Manufacture of stainless steel
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
- C21C5/5217—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace equipped with burners or devices for injecting gas, i.e. oxygen, or pulverulent materials into the furnace
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/54—Processes yielding slags of special composition
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0037—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 by injecting powdered material
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/248—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating of metal scrap or alloys
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F2009/0804—Dispersion in or on liquid, other than with sieves
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/086—Cooling after atomisation
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling

Landscapes

Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Materials Engineering (AREA)
Metallurgy (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
Geology (AREA)
Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)

SE9802976A 1998-09-03 1998-09-03 Tillsats av dopingmedel vid tillverkning av stål i ljusbågsugn, dopingmedlet samt användning av detta SE512757C2 (sv)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
SE9802976A SE512757C2 (sv)	1998-09-03	1998-09-03	Tillsats av dopingmedel vid tillverkning av stål i ljusbågsugn, dopingmedlet samt användning av detta
AT99941932T ATE268388T1 (de)	1998-09-03	1999-07-19	Verfahren zur herstellung einer metallmasse, metallurgisches produkt und dessen verwendung
EP99941932A EP1117845B8 (de)	1998-09-03	1999-07-19	Verfahren zur herstellung einer metallmasse, metallurgisches produkt und dessen verwendung
PCT/SE1999/001290 WO2000014287A1 (en)	1998-09-03	1999-07-19	Method for the production of a bulk of molten metal, a metallurgical product, and use of such a product
AU55405/99A AU5540599A (en)	1998-09-03	1999-07-19	Method for the production of a bulk of molten metal, a metallurgical product, and use of such a product
DE69917793T DE69917793T2 (de)	1998-09-03	1999-07-19	Verfahren zur herstellung einer metallmasse, metallurgisches produkt und dessen verwendung
US09/786,249 US6689189B1 (en)	1998-09-03	1999-07-19	Metallurgical product
ES99941932T ES2222722T3 (es)	1998-09-03	1999-07-19	Metodo para la produccion de una masa de metal fundido, un producto metalurgico y el uso para tal producto.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
SE9802976A SE512757C2 (sv)	1998-09-03	1998-09-03	Tillsats av dopingmedel vid tillverkning av stål i ljusbågsugn, dopingmedlet samt användning av detta

Publications (3)

Publication Number	Publication Date
SE9802976D0 SE9802976D0 (sv)	1998-09-03
SE9802976L SE9802976L (sv)	2000-03-04
SE512757C2 true SE512757C2 (sv)	2000-05-08

Family

ID=20412470

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
SE9802976A SE512757C2 (sv)	1998-09-03	1998-09-03	Tillsats av dopingmedel vid tillverkning av stål i ljusbågsugn, dopingmedlet samt användning av detta

Country Status (8)

Country	Link
US (1)	US6689189B1 (de)
EP (1)	EP1117845B8 (de)
AT (1)	ATE268388T1 (de)
AU (1)	AU5540599A (de)
DE (1)	DE69917793T2 (de)
ES (1)	ES2222722T3 (de)
SE (1)	SE512757C2 (de)
WO (1)	WO2000014287A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
SE517296C2 (sv) *	2000-02-17	2002-05-21	Uddeholm Technology Ab	Sätt vid tillverkning av stål i ljusbågsugn under användande av granulerat tackjärn
US7736693B2 (en) *	2002-06-13	2010-06-15	Cima Nanotech Israel Ltd.	Nano-powder-based coating and ink compositions
US7601406B2 (en) *	2002-06-13	2009-10-13	Cima Nanotech Israel Ltd.	Nano-powder-based coating and ink compositions
US7566360B2 (en) *	2002-06-13	2009-07-28	Cima Nanotech Israel Ltd.	Nano-powder-based coating and ink compositions
DE10323505A1 (de)	2003-05-24	2004-12-09	Sms Demag Ag	Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Schaumschlacke auf hochchromhaltigen Schmelzen in einem Elektroofen
US8105472B2 (en) *	2005-06-10	2012-01-31	Cima Nanotech Israel Ltd.	Enhanced transparent conductive coatings and methods for making them
DE102007006529A1 (de) *	2007-02-09	2008-08-14	Sms Demag Ag	Verfahren und Reduktion einer hochchromhaltigen Schlacke in einem Elektrolichtbogenofen
DE102007050478A1 (de)	2007-10-23	2009-04-30	Sms Demag Ag	Verfahren zur Rostfreistahlerzeugung mit Direktreduktionsöfen für Ferrochrom und Ferronickel auf der Primärseite eines Konverters
DE102010004983A1 (de)	2010-01-19	2011-07-21	SMS Siemag Aktiengesellschaft, 40237	Verfahren zur Schaumschlackenerzeugung einer Rostfreischmelze in einem Konverter
CN116287944B (zh) *	2023-04-07	2025-03-04	甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司	一种使用电炉渣钢冶炼300系列不锈钢的方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
EP0655508B1 (de) *	1993-11-30	1998-08-19	ACCIAI SPECIALI TERNI S.p.a.	Verfahren unter Verwendung von Schaumschlacke bei der Herstellung von rostfreiem Stahl im Elektro-lichtbogenofen
AT400245B (de) *	1993-12-10	1995-11-27	Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen	Verfahren und anlage zum herstellen einer eisenschmelze
AU706035B2 (en) *	1995-09-07	1999-06-10	Mintek	The production of metal lumps
FR2753205B1 (fr) *	1996-09-12	1998-12-04	Usinor Sacilor	Procede pour realiser un laitier moussant au-dessus d'un acier inoxydable en fusion dans un four electrique
AT405054B (de) *	1997-06-18	1999-05-25	Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen	Verfahren und anlage zum herstellen einer eisenschmelze unter einsatz von eisenhältigen hüttenwerksreststoffen

1998
- 1998-09-03 SE SE9802976A patent/SE512757C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
1999
- 1999-07-19 ES ES99941932T patent/ES2222722T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-19 AU AU55405/99A patent/AU5540599A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-19 WO PCT/SE1999/001290 patent/WO2000014287A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-07-19 US US09/786,249 patent/US6689189B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-19 AT AT99941932T patent/ATE268388T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-19 EP EP99941932A patent/EP1117845B8/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-19 DE DE69917793T patent/DE69917793T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
ATE268388T1 (de)	2004-06-15
US6689189B1 (en)	2004-02-10
EP1117845A1 (de)	2001-07-25
AU5540599A (en)	2000-03-27
SE9802976L (sv)	2000-03-04
SE9802976D0 (sv)	1998-09-03
EP1117845B1 (de)	2004-06-02
DE69917793D1 (de)	2004-07-08
ES2222722T3 (es)	2005-02-01
EP1117845B8 (de)	2004-09-22
DE69917793T2 (de)	2005-08-18
WO2000014287A1 (en)	2000-03-16

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
2012-07-03	NUG	Patent has lapsed

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CN107267854B (zh)	2018-03-27	一种高碳铬铁的冶炼方法及产品
JPS63500391A (ja)	1988-02-12	鉄金属の脱硫に使用するための粒状注入可能物質およびそれを製造する方法
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JPS61250107A (ja)	1986-11-07	スポンジ鉄から鋼を製造する方法およびその装置
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RU2088672C1 (ru)	1997-08-27	Способ выплавки стали в кислородных конвертерах
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