TR199802438T2 - Tamamlanm�� Ard�l Pasifle�tirme �le �inko Fosfatlamas�. - Google Patents
Tamamlanm�� Ard�l Pasifle�tirme �le �inko Fosfatlamas�.Info
- Publication number
- TR199802438T2 TR199802438T2 TR1998/02438T TR9802438T TR199802438T2 TR 199802438 T2 TR199802438 T2 TR 199802438T2 TR 1998/02438 T TR1998/02438 T TR 1998/02438T TR 9802438 T TR9802438 T TR 9802438T TR 199802438 T2 TR199802438 T2 TR 199802438T2
- Authority
- TR
- Turkey
- Prior art keywords
- polymers
- tamamlanm
- pasifle
- fosfatlamas
- tirme
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/18—Orthophosphates containing manganese cations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/18—Orthophosphates containing manganese cations
- C23C22/182—Orthophosphates containing manganese cations containing also zinc cations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
- C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
- C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
- C23C22/364—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates containing also manganese cations
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Çelik, galvanize edilmis ya da alasim galvanize edilmis çelik, alüminyum ve/veya alüminyum-magnezyum-alasimlarindan olan metal üst yüzeylerinin fosfatlanmasina yönelik usul, su sekilde tanimlanmaktadir: Fosfatlama çözeltisi 0,2'den 3 g/1'e kadar çinko iyonlari; 3'den 50 g/1' kadar PO4olarak hesap edilmis fosfat iyonlari; 0.001'den 4 g/1'e kadar mangan iyonlari; 0,001'den 0,5 g/1'e kadar polieterlerden, polikarboksilatlardan, polimer fosfonasitlerden, polimer fosfinokarbonasitlerden ve azot içeren organik polimerlerden seçilen bir ya da daha fazla polimer ve bir ya da birkaçtane hizlandirici içermektedir. Tavsiye edilen polimerler amino grubu içeren poli(vinil)-türevleridir.The method for phosphating metal surfaces from steel, galvanized or alloy galvanized steel, aluminum and / or aluminum-magnesium-alloys is defined as follows: Phosphating solution from 0.2 to 3 g / 1 zinc ions; Phosphate ions calculated from 3 to 50 g / 1 PO4; Manganese ions from 0.001 to 4 g / 1; It contains one or more polymers and one or more accelerators selected from polyethers, polycarboxylates, polymer phosphonacids, polymer phosphinocarbonacids and nitrogen-containing organic polymers from 0.001 to 0.5 g / l. Recommended polymers are poly (vinyl) derivatives containing amino groups.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19621184A DE19621184A1 (en) | 1996-05-28 | 1996-05-28 | Zinc phosphating with integrated post-passivation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TR199802438T2 true TR199802438T2 (en) | 1999-03-22 |
Family
ID=7795360
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TR1998/02438T TR199802438T2 (en) | 1996-05-28 | 1997-05-20 | Tamamlanm�� Ard�l Pasifle�tirme �le �inko Fosfatlamas�. |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20020011281A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0958402A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3725171B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20000016128A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1219982A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR007310A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU712640B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9709493A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2256695A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ389298A3 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19621184A1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUP9903963A3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL330013A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2179198C2 (en) |
| SK (1) | SK162698A3 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR199802438T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997045568A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA974617B (en) |
Families Citing this family (33)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19740953A1 (en) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-03-18 | Henkel Kgaa | High speed spray or dip phosphating of steel strip |
| FR2769325B1 (en) * | 1997-10-08 | 1999-12-03 | Cfpi Ind | ACID BATH FOR ZINC PHOSPHATATION OF METAL SUBSTRATES, CONCENTRATE FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE BATH AND PHOSPHATATION METHOD USING THE SAME |
| DE19905479A1 (en) * | 1999-02-10 | 2000-08-17 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Process for the phosphatisation of zinc or aluminum surfaces |
| US6743302B2 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2004-06-01 | Henkel Corporation | Dry-in-place zinc phosphating compositions including adhesion-promoting polymers |
| DE10005113A1 (en) * | 2000-02-07 | 2001-08-09 | Henkel Kgaa | Corrosion inhibitor and corrosion protection method for metal surfaces |
| DE10010758A1 (en) * | 2000-03-04 | 2001-09-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Corrosion protection of zinc, aluminum and/or magnesium surfaces such as motor vehicle bodies, comprises passivation using complex fluorides of Ti, Zr, Hf, Si and/or B and organic polymers |
| DE10010355A1 (en) * | 2000-03-07 | 2001-09-13 | Chemetall Gmbh | Applying phosphate coatings to metallic surfaces comprises wetting with an aqueous acidic phosphatizing solution containing zinc ions, manganese ions and phosphate ions, and drying the solution |
| US6902766B1 (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2005-06-07 | Lord Corporation | Two-part aqueous metal protection treatment |
| CA2439135C (en) * | 2001-02-26 | 2010-05-11 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Surface treated steel product, method for production thereof and chemical conversion treatment solution |
| DE10131723A1 (en) * | 2001-06-30 | 2003-01-16 | Henkel Kgaa | Corrosion protection agents and corrosion protection processes for metal surfaces |
| DE10164671A1 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2003-07-10 | Basf Ag | Derivatives of polymers for metal treatment |
| RU2240378C2 (en) * | 2002-08-05 | 2004-11-20 | Закрытое акционерное общество "ФК" | Phosphate coating manufacture method |
| DE102005027567A1 (en) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-21 | Basf Ag | Process for passivating metallic surfaces with polymers having acid groups |
| DE102005059314B4 (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2018-11-22 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Acid, chromium-free aqueous solution, its concentrate, and a process for the corrosion protection treatment of metal surfaces |
| US7645832B2 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2010-01-12 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Use of metal oxides and salts to enhance adhesion to steels |
| CN100447301C (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2008-12-31 | 南昌大学 | Phosphate Surface Modification Treatment Method of Magnesium Alloy |
| RU2412278C2 (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2011-02-20 | Ниппон Стил Корпорейшн | Steel sheet with coating |
| CA2657124A1 (en) * | 2006-07-25 | 2008-01-31 | Basf Se | Method of passivating metallic surfaces by means of copolymers having phosphoric acid and/or phosphoric acid groups |
| JP5528115B2 (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2014-06-25 | 日本パーカライジング株式会社 | High peroxide self-deposition bath |
| CN101210322B (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2010-08-18 | 佛山市顺德区汉达精密电子科技有限公司 | Magnesium alloy surface chemical treatment solution and treatment method thereof |
| KR100784819B1 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2007-12-14 | 정세근 | Composition for surface treatment of aluminum |
| CN101711289A (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2010-05-19 | 普罗蔻特技术有限公司 | Corrosion protective and electrical conductivity composition free of inorganic solid particles and process for the surface treatment of metallic sheet |
| JP2010535324A (en) * | 2007-08-02 | 2010-11-18 | シェブロン ユー.エス.エー. インコーポレイテッド | Methods and compositions for passivating heat exchanger systems |
| DE102009059990A1 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2011-07-07 | Bayer MaterialScience AG, 51373 | Process for the device for producing polycarbonate |
| CN102115880B (en) | 2009-12-31 | 2015-10-14 | 汉高股份有限及两合公司 | The surface treating composition of light metal or its alloy and solution and surface treatment method |
| CN102899650B (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2014-06-04 | 自贡勃生表面技术推广有限公司 | Steel normal-temperature blackening solution composite film-forming accelerator, steel normal-temperature blackening solution and preparation method of steel normal-temperature blackening solution |
| DE102014007715B4 (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2018-06-07 | Chemetall Gmbh | Process for producing a sandwich structure, the sandwich structure produced therewith and their use |
| CN106424701B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-06-04 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of modified metal powder |
| KR20210093242A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2021-07-27 | 케메탈 게엠베하 | Methods for NI-free phosphating of metal surfaces and compositions for use in such methods |
| CN112888809A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2021-06-01 | 凯密特尔有限责任公司 | Method for nickel-free phosphating of metal surfaces and composition for use in such a method |
| FI3663435T3 (en) | 2018-12-05 | 2024-05-24 | Henkel Ag & Co Kgaa | Passivation composition based on mixtures of phosphoric and phosphonic acids |
| MX2021009075A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2021-09-10 | Chemetall Gmbh | Alternative composition and alternative method for effectively phosphating metal surfaces. |
| EP3828307A1 (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-06-02 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Resource-conserving method for activating a metal surface prior to phosphating |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2905535A1 (en) * | 1979-02-14 | 1980-09-04 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | METHOD FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALS |
| US4659395A (en) * | 1985-11-05 | 1987-04-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Ductile polyelectrolyte macromolecule-complexed zinc phosphate conversion crystal pre-coatings and topcoatings embodying a laminate |
| US5039770A (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1991-08-13 | Henkel Corporation | Treatment and after-treatment of metal with polyphenol compounds |
| JPH0819531B2 (en) * | 1989-03-02 | 1996-02-28 | 日本ペイント株式会社 | Zinc phosphate treatment method for metal surface |
| JPH0432576A (en) * | 1990-05-30 | 1992-02-04 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Solution for zinc phosphate chemical conversion treatment |
| US5604040A (en) * | 1991-08-09 | 1997-02-18 | Associated Universities, Inc. | Zinc phosphate conversion coatings |
| US5378292A (en) * | 1993-12-15 | 1995-01-03 | Henkel Corporation | Phosphate conversion coating and compositions and concentrates therefor with stable internal accelerator |
| JP2771110B2 (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 1998-07-02 | 日本パーカライジング株式会社 | Surface treatment composition for aluminum-containing metal material and surface treatment method |
| IT1274594B (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1997-07-18 | Itb Srl | ACID WATER PHOSPHATIC SOLUTION AND METALLIC SURFACE PHOSPHATION PROCESS USING IT |
| ZA969146B (en) * | 1995-11-07 | 1997-05-27 | Henkel Corp | Finely crystallizing and/or fast phosphate conversion coating composition and process |
-
1996
- 1996-05-28 DE DE19621184A patent/DE19621184A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-05-20 PL PL97330013A patent/PL330013A1/en unknown
- 1997-05-20 SK SK1626-98A patent/SK162698A3/en unknown
- 1997-05-20 CZ CZ983892A patent/CZ389298A3/en unknown
- 1997-05-20 WO PCT/EP1997/002552 patent/WO1997045568A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-05-20 JP JP54152497A patent/JP3725171B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-20 US US09/194,412 patent/US20020011281A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-05-20 CA CA002256695A patent/CA2256695A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-05-20 AU AU30275/97A patent/AU712640B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-05-20 KR KR1019980709695A patent/KR20000016128A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-05-20 TR TR1998/02438T patent/TR199802438T2/en unknown
- 1997-05-20 HU HU9903963A patent/HUP9903963A3/en unknown
- 1997-05-20 RU RU98123610/02A patent/RU2179198C2/en active
- 1997-05-20 EP EP97924957A patent/EP0958402A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-05-20 CN CN97194993A patent/CN1219982A/en active Pending
- 1997-05-20 BR BR9709493A patent/BR9709493A/en active Search and Examination
- 1997-05-27 ZA ZA974617A patent/ZA974617B/en unknown
- 1997-05-28 AR ARP970102269A patent/AR007310A1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HUP9903963A2 (en) | 2000-03-28 |
| PL330013A1 (en) | 1999-04-26 |
| JP2001509840A (en) | 2001-07-24 |
| CN1219982A (en) | 1999-06-16 |
| KR20000016128A (en) | 2000-03-25 |
| US20020011281A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
| CZ389298A3 (en) | 1999-08-11 |
| BR9709493A (en) | 1999-08-10 |
| EP0958402A1 (en) | 1999-11-24 |
| AU712640B2 (en) | 1999-11-11 |
| HUP9903963A3 (en) | 2000-07-28 |
| CA2256695A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 |
| AR007310A1 (en) | 1999-10-27 |
| ZA974617B (en) | 1999-01-26 |
| SK162698A3 (en) | 1999-07-12 |
| AU3027597A (en) | 1998-01-05 |
| WO1997045568A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 |
| JP3725171B2 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
| RU2179198C2 (en) | 2002-02-10 |
| DE19621184A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 |
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