TW201731902A - 製造纖維補強的複合材料之液體浸漬法用的潛伏性環氧樹脂調合物 - Google Patents
製造纖維補強的複合材料之液體浸漬法用的潛伏性環氧樹脂調合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201731902A TW201731902A TW105140475A TW105140475A TW201731902A TW 201731902 A TW201731902 A TW 201731902A TW 105140475 A TW105140475 A TW 105140475A TW 105140475 A TW105140475 A TW 105140475A TW 201731902 A TW201731902 A TW 201731902A
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- diamine
- weight
- polyamine
- epoxy
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 title claims description 37
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 title description 2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- -1 cycloaliphatic Chemical group 0.000 claims description 45
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 41
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- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- FTVFPPFZRRKJIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(C)N1 FTVFPPFZRRKJIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
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- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- DLYLVPHSKJVGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(cyclohexylmethyl)cyclohexane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound C1CC(N)(N)CCC1CC1CCCCC1 DLYLVPHSKJVGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- JCUZDQXWVYNXHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4-trimethylhexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCC(C)CC(C)(C)CN JCUZDQXWVYNXHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DPQHRXRAZHNGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylhexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCC(C)CC(C)(C)CCN DPQHRXRAZHNGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- ITZPOSYADVYECJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-cyclohexylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NCCCNC1CCCCC1 ITZPOSYADVYECJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
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- HSDVRWZKEDRBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[1-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)hexoxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COC(CCCCC)OCC1CO1 HSDVRWZKEDRBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WXAIEIRYBSKHDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-n-(4-phenylphenyl)-n-[4-[4-(4-phenyl-n-(4-phenylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]phenyl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 WXAIEIRYBSKHDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- FDLQZKYLHJJBHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC(CN)=C1 FDLQZKYLHJJBHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- XBTRYWRVOBZSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylphenyl)methanediamine Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C(N)N)C=C1 XBTRYWRVOBZSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- NNKQRURNVUHWKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-amine Chemical compound CCCCN1C(C)(C)CC(N)CC1(C)C NNKQRURNVUHWKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- JOLVYUIAMRUBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11',12',14',15'-Tetradehydro(Z,Z-)-3-(8-Pentadecenyl)phenol Natural products OC1=CC=CC(CCCCCCCC=CCC=CCC=C)=C1 JOLVYUIAMRUBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- VPRCINUSGGYBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylhexane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)CC(C)C(N)N VPRCINUSGGYBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- PDYIFBAQWFGPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,5,6-trioxatricyclo[2.1.1.01,3]hexan-4-yloxy)propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound C12(C3C(O3)(O1)O2)OCC(O)CO PDYIFBAQWFGPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- MECNWXGGNCJFQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-piperidin-1-ylpropane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCC(O)CN1CCCCC1 MECNWXGGNCJFQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
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- C08G59/06—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof of polyhydric phenols
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
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- C08G59/5053—Amines heterocyclic containing only nitrogen as a heteroatom
- C08G59/506—Amines heterocyclic containing only nitrogen as a heteroatom having one nitrogen atom in the ring
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Abstract
本發明提出環氧組成物，其由至少一種樹脂組份和至少一種硬化劑組份所組成，該組成物適合用作為熱固基質以供製造纖維基質產品半成品和硬化的纖維基質層積物。
Description
本發明提出環氧組成物，其由至少一種樹脂組份和至少一種硬化劑組份所組成，該組成物適合用作為熱固基質以供製造纖維基質產品半成品和硬化的纖維基質層積物，所謂的複合物件。
長久以來已經知道由至少一種環氧樹脂和至少一種硬化劑(例如胺、酐或二氰二醯胺)所組成之環氧組成物且其用於例如塗料、複合物件或地板材料之應用領域。此處，複合物件是指由纖維和聚合物基質所構成之複合材料。
在廣泛之各種不同的工業中，對於有效利用珍貴的資源之要求提高，質輕的建構方案越來越受到重視。一旦物體必須移動，纖維複合材料/複合物件就成為感興趣的選項，此因這些提供高的特定韌度和強度及低重
量之故。因此，複合物件已用於航空達數十年，且若沒有纖維複合材料技術，甚至無法得到例如用於風車之均勻的轉子葉片。因為彼等之極佳的性質，這些材料亦在汽車建構中倍受關注。在所提到之所有的3個市場區塊中，均須要高機械強度的組件，此可藉連續之纖維強化的聚合物材料達成。但是，對於這些組件的幾何形狀的要求日增(例如，持續提高風車的轉子葉片的長度以便能夠"收成"最大風量)，且同時要求更高的產能(例如，短循環時間，特別是在汽車產製中)。
此發明之上下文中，"複合物件"特別作為"複合組件"、"複合材料"、"纖維複合材料"、"複合模製品"、"纖維強化的塑料"或"纖維強化的組件"、"預浸物"、"纖維基質產品半成品"、"SMC"(片模塑料)、"SMC複合物件"(SMC纖維基質產品半成品)、"CFK"、"GFK"和"FVK"的同義詞。
製造複合物件之方法可分成單階段方法，例如RTM(樹脂轉移模製)和VARTM(真空輔助的樹脂轉移模製)，及多階段方法，例如預浸技術和SMC(片模塑料)。在多階段方法中之經由纖維產品半成品(例如以玻璃纖維或碳纖維為基礎並以預聚合物浸漬的織物纖維，預浸物)的路徑具有優點。特別地，在連續之纖維強化的結構體組件之領域中，預浸技術，因為被樹脂基質潤濕的纖維之品質極佳，使得組件的機械品質極高，所以多年前就已經在航空工業中建立了預浸技術作為製造複合組件之
最重要的加工方法。但是，纖維產品半成品，因其本質，為二維片狀結構體，此限制了其於具有受限的幾何複雜性之基本上二維或三維組件(例如翼或尾組合組件)之產製上的應用。
相較之下，藉RTM方法製造具有高複雜度的三維幾何形狀之連續纖維強化的複合組件。此方法之特徵在於先自片狀織物構造製得所謂近淨形預製件(near net shape preforms)。此含括將未經樹脂預浸的產品(如，所供應的梭織品、無緯紗布、非梭織品等)預製成近淨形形式的三維結構體且同時結合個別積層以固定，或將其縫合(在零件特別複雜的情況中)。此純纖維預製件之後引至腔中，在密封的腔(例如，受熱的鋼模具)中，以無溶劑的液態樹脂調合物浸漬且，在密封的腔中，立刻充分固化以提供最終階段(單階段方法)。流動幾何形狀之發生，其中的一些具有高複雜度，低黏度樹脂須具有長擱置壽命以便能夠有效地潤濕所有的纖絲。據此，用於此目的之樹脂系統具低反應性且於高溫所須的硬化時間長。硬化之後，終組件經脫膜和必要時經進一步加工，例如去毛邊。
適當之低反應性之無溶劑的環氧樹脂組成物為酐可固化的系統。但是，亦可調合具有所欲流變特性之胺可固化的環氧樹脂組成物。例如在要求組件具有高介質-阻抗的應用中，胺可固化的環氧樹脂組成物優於酐系統之處在於對於組份的需求。已經知道低反應性多胺，其
除了加工要求之外，亦符合顧客對於最終零件之性質特徵(例如高耐熱性和玻璃轉變溫度及良好的機械性質)的要求。
文件DE 2640408、DE 2640409、DE 2540410、DE 2950067和DE 3328134描述2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶胺(三丙酮二胺或簡稱TAD)作為用於硬化環氧樹脂的潛伏性胺。文中所述之可能的應用是表面塗料，特別是粉末塗料，但亦可任意地為經纖維或其他物質強化的模製組成物。例子包括純TAD和環氧樹脂之組合。但是，這些系統對於新穎之用於大規模產製之著重效能的產製系統，特別是汽車工程領域，的要求極無反應。此處特別是經由降低固化時間及經由使得操作系統的最佳化而達到效率優勢。
不僅以選擇的樹脂基質和強化纖維的性質變化界定複合物件的性能，而是極特別地亦以纖維-基質複合物件的品質界定。高複合物件品質要求強化纖維無誤地被樹脂基質所潤濕且同時因為注射壓力而產生的切變力及因為反應的進行而提高的黏度及伴隨的分子量提高必須維持受限以免纖維位移。纖維在終組件中之排列係根據預期的承載路徑而定且應防止因纖維與事先界定的纖維路徑的每一個偏移所造成之機械強度明顯受損的情況。
訝異地，已發現根據本發明之環氧樹脂組成物可在寬範圍內調整，使其在介於100℃和140℃之間之溫和的模製溫度展現所欲的流動-固化行為。此調合物於介於100℃和140℃之間的溫度具有在介於50mPas和500mPas之間之範圍內的低黏度達60s至180s且在這些溫度，在2至10分鐘內以99%的轉化率完全固化，達到120℃至140℃的玻璃轉變溫度。
根據本發明之環氧樹脂組成物，用於製造高複雜度的三維組件之有效率的液體浸漬程序，具有以下有利的性質：-低黏度，-用於對應於所須流徑的時間長度之低黏度得以無誤地浸漬所有的纖維，-所有纖維在浸漬之後迅速充分固化，以達到短循環時間(即，較佳地展現所謂的'快速固化(SnapCure)'曲線)，-符合所有的機械和熱安定性要求並展現良好的表面性質。
本發明提出一種環氧樹脂組成物，其包含：A)至少一種環氧化合物，
和B)硬化劑組成物，其由以下所組成：B1)20重量%至40重量%之至少一種以三丙酮二胺為基礎之二胺和/或多胺，和B2)60重量%至80重量%之至少一種其他的二胺和/或多胺，其中A)的環氧基與B)的官能基的活性氫原子數的化學計量比是由1：0.5至1：1，較佳地為1：0.6至1：0.8，C)0.1重量%至10重量%的至少一種固化加速劑，D)任意的至少一種潛伏性硬化劑，其中A)至D)的量總共為100重量%，E)任意的其他添加劑。
適當的組份A)是環氧化合物。適當的環氧化合物述於，例如，EP 675 185。
適用的化合物是許多種已知用於此目的且每個分子含有超過一個環氧基，較佳是兩個環氧基的化合物。這些環氧化合物可為飽和或不飽和且可為脂族、環脂族、芳族或雜環，且亦具有羥基。它們可以另含有不會在混合或反應條件下引發任何麻煩的副反應之取代基，例如烷基或芳基取代基、醚原子團等。它們較佳是自多羥基酚
(特別是雙酚和清漆)衍生的環氧丙醚，且以環氧基數目ME計，其所具有的莫耳質量("環氧當量重"，"EV值")介於100和1500g/eq之間，但特別介於150和250g/eq之間。
可提及之多羥基酚的例子尤其是：間苯二酚、氫醌、2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)丙烷(雙酚A)、二羥基二苯基甲烷之異構物的混合物(雙酚F)、4,4'-二羥基二苯基環己烷、4,4'-二羥基-3,3'-二甲基二苯基丙烷、4,4'-二羥基聯苯、4,4'-二羥基二苯甲酮、雙(4-羥基苯基)-1,1-乙烷、雙(4-羥基苯基)-1,1-異丁烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基-三級丁基苯基)丙烷、雙(2-羥基萘基)甲烷、1,5-二羥基萘、參(4-羥基苯基)甲烷、雙(4-羥基苯基)醚、雙(4-羥基苯基)碸、及前述化合物的氯化和溴化產物，例如四溴雙酚A。特別佳的是使用以雙酚A和雙酚F為基礎之具有150至200g/eq的環氧當量之液態二環氧丙醚。
亦可能使用多元醇的多環氧丙醚，例如乙-1,2-二醇二環氧丙醚、丙-1,2-二醇二環氧丙醚、丙-1,3-二醇二環氧丙醚、丁二醇二環氧丙醚、戊二醇二環氧丙醚(包括異戊二醇二環氧丙醚)、己二醇二環氧丙醚、二乙二醇二環氧丙醚、二丙二醇二環氧丙醚、高碳聚氧烷二醇二環氧丙醚(例如高碳聚氧乙二醇二環氧丙醚和聚氧丙二醇二環氧丙醚)、共-聚環氧乙烷-丙二醇二環氧丙醚、聚氧丁二醇二環氧丙醚、甘油、己-1,2,6-三醇、三羥甲基丙烷、三羥甲基乙烷、季戊四醇或山梨糖醇的聚環氧丙醚、
氧烷基化的多元醇(例如，尤其是甘油、三羥甲基丙烷、季戊四醇)的聚環氧丙醚、環己烷二甲醇、雙(4-羥基環己基)甲烷和2,2-雙(4-羥基環己基)丙烷的二環氧丙醚、蓖麻油的多環氧丙醚、參(2-羥基乙基)三聚異氰酸三環氧丙酯。
適用的組份A)包括：藉表氯醇和胺(例如苯胺、正丁胺、雙(4-胺基苯基)甲烷、間-伸苯二甲基二胺或雙(4-甲基胺基酚)甲烷)之反應產物的去氫鹵化可得的聚(N-環氧丙基)化合物。但是，聚(N-環氧丙基)化合物尤其亦包括三聚異氰酸三環氧丙酯、三環氧丙基脲唑和其寡聚物、環伸烷基脲的N,N’-二環氧丙基衍生物及乙內醯胺的二環氧丙基衍生物。
此外，也可以使用多元羧酸的多環氧丙酯，其可藉表氯醇或類似的環氧化合物與脂族、環脂族或芳族多元羧酸(例如草酸、丁二酸、己二酸、戊二酸、酞酸、對酞酸、四氫酞酸、六氫酞酸、萘-2,6-二羧酸)及高碳二羧酸二環氧丙酯(例如二聚合或三聚合的次亞麻油酸)之反應得到。例子為己二酸二環氧丙酯、酞酸二環氧丙酯和六氫酞酸二環氧丙酯。
亦可提及的是不飽和羧酸的環氧丙酯以及不飽和醇或不飽和羧酸之環氧化的酯。除了聚環氧丙醚以外，可使用小量的單環氧化物(例如甲基環氧丙醚、丁基環氧丙醚、烯丙基環氧丙醚、乙基己基環氧丙醚)、長鏈脂族環氧丙醚(例如，鯨蠟基環氧丙醚和硬脂基環氧丙
醚、高碳異構醇混合物之單環氧丙醚、C12至C13醇之混合物的環氧丙醚、苯基環氧丙醚、甲苯酚基環氧丙醚、對-三級丁基苯基環氧丙醚、對-辛基苯基環氧丙醚、對-苯基苯基環氧丙醚、烷氧化的月桂醇之環氧丙醚)、及單環氧化物(例如環氧化之單不飽和的烴(環氧丁烷、環氧己烷、苯乙烯化氧)，以聚環氧丙醚質量計，其質量比率是至多30重量%，較佳是10%至20重量%。
適當之環氧化合物的詳細列舉可見於手冊"Epoxidverbindungen und Epoxidharze"[環氧化合物和環氧樹脂]，A.M.Paquin,Springer Verlag,Berlin 1958,Chapter IV，及見於Lee Neville "Handbook of Epoxy Resins",1967,Chapter 2。
較佳地，適合作為環氧化合物的是環氧丙醚和環氧丙酯、脂族環氧化物、以雙酚A和/或雙酚F為基礎的二環氧丙醚、及甲基丙烯酸環氧丙酯。此環氧化物的例子另包括是三聚異氰酸三環氧丙酯(TGIC，商品名稱：ARALDIT 810，Huntsman)、對酚酸二環氧丙酯和苯偏三酸三環氧丙酯之混合物(商品名稱：ARALDIT PT 910和912，Huntsman)、新癸酸的環氧丙酯(商品名稱：CARDURA E10，Shell)、3’,4’-環氧基環己烷羧酸3,4-環氧基環己基甲酯(ECC)、乙基己基環氧丙醚、丁基環氧丙醚、季戊四醇基四環氧丙醚(商品名稱：POLYPOX R 16，UPPC AG)、及其他具有自由環氧基的Polypox產品。
也可以使用所提及之環氧化合物之混合物。
特別佳的環氧組份是以雙酚A二環氧丙醚、雙酚F二環氧丙醚、4,4'-伸甲基雙[N,N-雙(2,3-環氧基丙基)苯胺]、己二醇二環氧丙醚、丁二醇二環氧丙醚、三羥甲基丙烷三環氧丙醚、丙烷-1,2,3-三醇三環氧丙醚、季戊四醇四環氧丙醚、和六氫酞酸二環氧丙酯為基礎的多元環氧化物。
根據本發明，亦可較佳地使用這些環氧化合物之混合物作為組份A)。
組份A)的量係由組份B)之組成所主導並經計算使得A)的環氧基與B)的官能基的活性氫原子數的化學計量比是由1：0.5至1：1，較佳地為1：0.6至1：0.8。此意謂每一個來自B)的胺基中的氫原子與來自A)的一個環氧基反應。
以三丙酮二胺為基礎的多胺B1)為由文獻一般已知者。所用組份B1)較佳地為下列之以三丙酮二胺為基礎的多胺：2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-胺基哌啶(TAD)、伸己基雙(4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶)、N-丁基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、N,N-二甲基胺基丙基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、N-丙基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、
N-異丙基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、N-羥基乙基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、N-甲氧基乙基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、N-甲氧基乙基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、N’,N’-二甲基胺基乙基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、N-嗎啉基乙基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、N-哌基乙基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-嗎啉基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶。
也可能使用以上之以三丙酮二胺為基礎的胺B1)之混合物。較佳地，使用2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-胺基哌啶(TAD)和/或伸己基雙(4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶)。
以B1)和B2)總量計，組份B1)的用量通常是20%至40重量%，較佳地是25%至35重量%，特別佳地是28%至32重量%。
適合作為化合物B2)的基本上是含有至少2個胺基的二胺和多胺。二胺和多胺亦可以與潛伏性胺、胺基醇或多硫醇混合使用。
二-或多胺B2)由文獻已知。這些可為單體、寡聚和/或聚合的化合物。單體和寡聚的化合物較佳地選自由二胺、三胺、四胺所組成之群組。二-或多胺B2)的胺基可連接至一級、二級或三級碳原子，較佳是連接至一級或二級碳原子。也可以使用二-和/或多胺之混合物作為
組份B2)。
以下胺，單獨或其混合物，可作為組份B2)：‧脂族胺，例如聚伸烷基多胺，較佳選自伸乙基-1,2-二胺、伸丙基-1,2-二胺、伸丙基-1,3-二胺、伸丁基-1,2-二胺、伸丁基-1,3-二胺、伸丁基-1,4-二胺、2-(乙基胺基)乙胺、3-(甲基胺基)丙胺、二伸乙基三胺、三伸乙基四胺、五伸乙基六胺、三甲基己二胺、2,2,4-三甲基己二胺、2,4,4-三甲基己二胺、2-甲基戊二胺、己二胺、N-(2-胺基乙基)乙-1,2-二胺、N-(3-胺基丙基)丙-1,3-二胺、N,N”-1,2-乙二基雙(1,3-丙二胺)、二伸丙三胺、己二酸二醯聯胺(adipic dihydrazide)、聯胺；‧氧伸烷基多胺，選自聚氧丙二胺和聚氧丙三胺(例如Jeffamine® D-230、Jeffamine® D-400、Jeffamine® T-403、Jeffamine® T-5000)、1,13-二胺基-4,7,10-三氧雜十三烷、4,7-二氧雜癸-1,10-二胺；‧環脂族胺，選自異佛爾酮二胺(3,5,5-三甲基-3-胺基甲基環己胺)、4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷、2,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷和2,2'-二胺基二環己基甲烷，單獨或其異構物的混合物、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷、N-環己基-1,3-丙二胺、1,2-二胺基環己烷、3-(環己基胺基)丙胺、哌、N-胺基乙基哌、TCD二胺(3(4),8(9)-雙(胺基甲基)三環[5.2.1.02,6]癸烷)、4-甲基環己烷-1,3-二胺；
‧芳脂族胺，例如二甲苯二胺；‧芳族胺，選自苯二胺、苯-1,3-二胺、苯-1,4-二胺、4,4'-二胺基二苯基甲烷、2,4'-二胺基二苯基甲烷、2,2'-二胺基二苯基甲烷，單獨或異構物的混合物；‧加合物硬化劑，其為環氧化合物(特別是雙酚A和F的環氧丙醚)與過量的胺之反應產物；‧多醯胺基胺硬化劑，其藉單-和多羧酸與多胺之縮合反應得到，特別是藉脂肪酸二聚體與聚伸烷多胺之縮合反應得到；‧Mannich鹼硬化劑，其藉單-或多羥基酚與醛(特別是甲醛)和多胺之反應得到；‧Mannich鹼，例如基於酚和/或甲酚、甲醛和間-二甲苯二胺，及N-胺基乙基哌及N-胺基乙基哌與壬基酚和/或苯甲醇之摻合物、苯基烷胺(其在Mannich反應中得自腰果酚、醛和胺)。
也可以使用以上的二-或多胺之混合物作為組份B2)。
較佳地使用二胺作為B2)，其選自異佛爾酮二胺(3,5,5-三甲基-3-胺基甲基環己胺，IPD)、4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷、2,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷、2,2'-二胺基二環己基甲烷(亦以PACM表示)，單獨或其異構物的混合物；2,2,4-三甲基己二胺和2,4,4-三甲基己二胺的異構物之混合物(TMD)；以環氧化合物和前述胺B2)和前述胺B2)之組合之反應產物為基礎的加合物硬化劑。
也可使用這些化合物之混合物。
a)異佛爾酮二胺(3,5,5-三甲基-3-胺基甲基環己胺，IPD)，b)和/或異佛爾酮二胺與下列之組合：2,2,4-三甲基己二胺和2,4,4-三甲基己二胺之異構物的混合物(TMD)、和/或4,4’-二胺基二環己基甲烷、2,4’-二胺基二環己基甲烷、2,2’-二胺基二環己基甲烷(亦稱為PACM)，單獨或其異構物的混合物，c)和/或以環氧化合物和前述胺B2)或前述胺B2)之組合之反應產物為基礎之加合物硬化劑。
根據本發明，胺基醇可作為組份B2)中之混合物中的二胺和多胺以外的其他組份。可提及之胺基醇的例子包括單乙醇胺、3-胺基-1-丙醇、異丙醇胺、胺基乙氧基乙醇、N-(2-胺基乙基)乙醇胺、N-乙基乙醇胺、N-丁基乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、3-(羥基乙基胺基)-1-丙醇、異佛爾酮胺基醇和二異丙醇胺。胺基醇可以單獨或以二或更多種胺基醇與二-或多胺之混合物作為組份B2)。
根據本發明，多硫醇亦可作為組份B2)中之混合物中的二胺和多胺以外的其他組份。硫醇的例子包括乙硫醇、二硫蘇糖醇、二硫丁四醇、二硫甘醇酸甘油酯(glyceryl dithioglycolate)、二(巰基乙酸)乙二醇酯(glycol dimercaptoacetate)、三(羥基乙酸)三羥甲基
丙烷酯(trimethylolpropane trimercaptoacetate)、四(羥基乙酸)季戊四醇酯、二(3-巰基丙酸)甘醇酯、三(3-巰基丙酸)三羥甲基丙烷酯、四(3-巰基丙酸)季戊四醇酯、六(3-巰基丙酸)二季戊四醇酯、乙氧化的三(3-巰基丙酸)三羥甲基丙烷酯(產品名稱：Thiocure ETTMP 1300)、參[2-(3-巰基丙醯氧基)乙基]三聚異氰酸酯。其他硫醇述於，例如，EP394495A1、US4775733A1和WO2007096425A2。硫醇可以單獨或二或更多種硫醇一起與二-或多胺之混合物作為組份B2)。
除了所述二-和多胺以外，可使用二-和多胺和多酚一起作為組份B2)。這些的例子述於"Epoxy Resins-Chemistry and Technology；Curing Agents and Modifiers；p.481-482,2nd edition 1988"。多酚可以單獨或二或更多種多酚一起與二-或多胺之混合物作為組份B2)。
以B1)和B2)總量計，組份B2)的用量通常是60至80重量%，較佳是65至75重量%，更佳是68至72重量%。
此外，固化加速劑存在作為組份(C)且被添加作為環氧基-胺反應的觸媒。適當的加速劑述於：H.Lee and K.Neville,Handbook of Epoxy Resins,McGraw-Hill,New York,1967。根據本發明，以組份總量計，使用0.1
至10重量%，較佳是0.1至5重量%，更佳是0.5至2.0重量%的至少一種固化加速劑。
適當的加速劑的例子是有機酸(例如水楊酸、二羥基苯甲酸、三羥基苯甲酸、甲基水楊酸、2-羥基-3-異丙基苯甲酸或羥基萘酸、乳酸和甘醇酸)、三級胺(如苄基二甲胺(BDMA)、1,4-二氮雜雙環[2.2.2]辛烷(DABCO)、三乙胺、N,N'-二甲基哌或胺基乙基哌(AEP))、羥基胺(例如二甲基胺基甲酚、雙(二甲基胺基甲基)酚、2,4,6-參(二甲基胺基甲基)酚(Ancamine K54))、糖醛酸(例如3-(4-氯苯基)-1,1-二甲基脲(滅草隆(monuron))、3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,1-二甲基脲(敵草隆(diuron))、3-苯基-1,1-二甲基脲(非草隆(fenuron))、3-(3-氯-4-甲基苯基)-1,1-二甲基脲(綠麥隆(chlortoluron))、四烷基胍啶(例如N,N,N',N'-四甲基胍啶(TMG))、咪唑和咪唑衍生物(例如1H-咪唑、1-甲基咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、1-苄基-2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基咪唑、1-乙烯基咪唑、1-(2-羥基乙基)咪唑、1,2-二甲基咪唑、1-氰基乙基咪唑和其適當的鹽、酚和酚衍生物(例如三級丁基酚、壬酚、雙酚A或雙酚F)、和有機或無機鹽及錯合物(例如溴化甲基三苯基鏻、硝酸鈣(Accelerator 3130)、或Mg、Ca、Zn和Sn的羧酸鹽、磺酸鹽、磷酸鹽、硫酸鹽、四氟硼酸鹽或硝酸鹽。特別佳的是咪唑和咪唑衍生物。
除了組份B2)以外，可以使用潛伏性硬化劑作為組份D)。所用之額外的潛伏性硬化劑基本上可為已經知道用於此目的的任何化合物，即，在低於80℃之界定的限制溫度下對於環氧樹脂呈現惰性但只要超過此限制溫度便與樹脂迅速交聯的任何化合物。所用潛伏性硬化劑的限制溫度較佳地為至少85℃，特別是至少100℃。此化合物為習知者且亦可自市面購得。基本上，可使用選自二氰二醯胺、氰基胍、芳族胺、胍、經改質的多胺、N-醯基咪唑、咪唑、羰基醯聯胺、三衍生物、三聚氰胺和其衍生物、N-氰基醯基醯胺化合物、醯硫基丙基酚之潛伏性硬化劑。
適當之潛伏性硬化劑的例子是二氰二醯胺、氰基胍(例如US 4,859,761或EP-A-306 451中所描述的化合物)、芳族胺(例如4,4’或3,3’-二胺基二苯基碸)、或胍(例如1-鄰-甲苯基二胍)、或經改質的多胺(例如Ancamine TM 2014 S(Anchor Chemical UK Limited,Manchester))。
適當之潛伏性硬化劑亦為N-醯基咪唑(例如1-(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基)-2-苯基咪唑或1-苯甲醯基-2-異丙基咪唑。此化合物述於，例如，US 4,436,892、US 4,587,311或JP專利案743,212。
其他適當的硬化劑是咪唑的金屬鹽錯合物
(述於，例如，US 3,678,007或US 3,677,978)、羰基聯胺(例如，己二酸二聯胺、異酞酸二聯胺或鄰胺苯甲酸聯胺)、三衍生物(例如，2-苯基-4,6-二胺基-s-三(苯并胍胺)或2-月桂基-4,6-二胺基-s-三(月桂基胍胺)、及三聚氰胺和其衍生物。後者化合物述於，例如，US 3,030,247。
其他適當的潛伏性硬化劑是氰基乙醯基化合物(述於，例如，US 4,283,520，例如雙(氰基乙酸)異戊二醇酯、N-異丁基氰基乙醯胺、1,6-雙(氰基乙酸)己二酯或雙(氰基乙酸)環己烷-1,4-二甲醇酯。
適當的潛伏性硬化劑亦為N-氰基丙烯醯胺化合物，例如N,N'-二氰基己二醯胺。此化合物述於，例如，US 4,529,821、US 4,550,203和US 4,618,712。
其他適當的潛伏性硬化劑是US 4,694,096中所描述的醯基巰基丙基酚和US 3,386,955中所揭示的脲衍生物，例如甲苯-2,4-雙(N,N-二甲基碳化醯亞胺)。
較佳的潛伏性硬化劑是4,4'-二胺基二苯基碸和二氰二醯胺。
以組份B1)、B2)和D)總量計，組份D)的用量可為1至30重量%，較佳為3至25重量%且特別佳為5至20重量%。
若除了組份B2)以外，使用潛伏性硬化劑，則組份A)的用量經選擇，使得A)的環氧基與B)和D)的官能基總和之比值是由1：0.5至1：1，較佳地為
1：0.6至1：1.08。
本發明之組成物可任意地包含添加劑。瞭解添加劑是指通常添加用以使得環氧組成物的性質朝最終應用的所欲方向(例如符合黏度、潤濕特性、安定性、反應速率、起泡形成、儲存性或黏著性)及使用性質改變的物質。適當的添加劑述於，例如，WO 99/55772,P.15-25，及述於"Plastics Additives,R.Gächter and H.Müller,Hauser Publishers 1983"。這些可加至組份A)或B)。例如，可添加光安定劑，例如立體受阻胺，或例如EP 669 353中所述的其他輔助劑，其添加總量為0.05至5重量%。用於製造本發明之反應性組成物，另可添加添加劑，例如均化劑(例如聚矽氧)或黏著促進劑(例如以丙烯酸酯為基礎者)。此外，可以任意地再有其他組份存在。另外使用的輔助劑和添加劑可為鏈轉移劑、塑化劑、安定劑和/或抑制劑。此外，可添加染料、奈米尺寸填料、韌化劑(韌性改良劑)、脫模劑、阻燃劑、顏料、乾燥劑、潤濕劑、分散劑和均化輔助劑、黏著促進劑、UV安定劑、消泡劑和流變添加劑。
本發明亦提出環氧樹脂組成物於製造複合物件之用途，該組成物包含：A)至少一種環氧化合物，和
B)硬化劑組成物，其由以下所組成：B1)20重量%至40重量%之至少一種以三丙酮二胺為基礎之二胺和/或多胺，和B2)60重量%至80重量%之至少一種其他的二胺和/或多胺，其中A)的環氧基與B)的官能基的活性氫原子數的化學計量比是由1：0.5至1：1，較佳地為1：0.6至1：0.8，C)0.1重量%至10重量%的至少一種固化加速劑，D)任意的至少一種潛伏性硬化劑，其中A)至D)的量總共為100重量%，E)任意的其他添加劑。
本發明亦提出複合組件，其基本上係由下列所形成：1)至少一種纖維載體，和2)如申請專利範圍第1至11項中任一項之環氧樹脂組成物，其包含：A)至少一種環氧化合物，和B)硬化劑組成物，其由以下所組成：B1)20重量%至40重量%之至少一種以三丙酮二胺為基礎之二胺和/或多胺，
和B2)60重量%至80重量%之至少一種其他的二胺和/或多胺，其中A)的環氧基與B)的官能基的活性氫原子數的化學計量比是由1：0.5至1：1，較佳地為1：0.6至1：0.8，C)0.1重量%至10重量%的至少一種固化加速劑，D)任意的至少一種潛伏性硬化劑，其中A)至D)的量總共為100重量%，E)任意的其他添加劑。
根據本發明較佳使用之纖維載體材料之特徵在於纖維載體大部分由玻璃、碳、塑料(如聚醯胺(芳醯胺)或聚酯)、天然纖維、或礦物纖維材料(例如玄武纖維或陶瓷纖維)，單獨或其混合物，或各種纖維類型的多層層積物，所構成。
纖維載體為片狀織物結構形式，其由非梭織品、針織品(包括迴圈形成的和迴圈牽引的針織品)、非針織結構(如梭織品、無緯紗布或交織品)、或長纖或短纖材料，單獨或各種類型的多層層積物形成。
詳細的執行方式如下：本發明中之纖維載體由纖維材料(通常亦稱為強化纖維)所組成。組成纖維的任何材料通常適用，但較佳是使用玻璃、碳、塑料(例如
聚醯胺(芳醯胺)或聚酯)、天然纖維、或礦物纖維材料(例如玄武纖維)或陶瓷纖維(以氧化鋁和/或氧化矽為基礎的含氧纖維)製成。也可以使用纖維類型之混合物，例如梭織物與芳醯胺和玻璃纖維、或碳和玻璃纖維之組合。
主要是因為其相對低的成本，玻璃纖維是最常用的纖維類型。基本上，所有類型之以玻璃為基礎的強化纖維適用於此處(E玻璃、S玻璃、R玻璃、M玻璃、C玻璃、ECR玻璃、D玻璃、AR玻璃、或中空玻璃纖維)。
碳纖維通常用於高性能複合物件，另一重要的因素為相較於玻璃纖維之較低的密度及同時高強度。碳纖維是工業生產的纖維，其由含碳的起始物所構成，含碳的起始物係藉熱解而被轉化成似石墨排列的碳。等向和各向異類型之間有差異：等向纖維僅具有低強度和較低的工業重要性；各向異纖維展現高強度和剛性且低的破裂拉長率。此處所謂的天然纖維是指自植物和動物材料(例如木纖維、纖維素纖維、棉纖維、大麻纖維、黃麻纖維、亞麻纖維、瓊麻纖維和竹纖維)得到的所有的織物纖維和纖維材料。類似於碳纖維，芳醯胺纖維展現負的熱膨脹係數，即在加熱時變短。其比強度和彈性模數顯著低於碳纖維所具有者。與正膨脹係數的基質樹脂合併，能製造高尺寸安定性的組件。相較於碳纖維強化的塑料，芳醯胺纖維複合物件的壓縮強度更低。芳醯胺纖維的已知品牌名稱有
DuPont的Nomex®和Kevlar®，或Teijin的Teijinconex®、Twaron®和Technora®。特別適合和較佳的載體是由玻璃纖維、碳纖維、芳醯胺纖維或陶瓷纖維製造者。該纖維材料具片狀織品構造。適當的材料是由非梭織品、針織品(包括形成的迴圈和迴圈牽引的針織品)、和非針織結構(如梭織品、無緯紗布或交織品)製成。此外，作為載體的長纖和短纖材料之間有差異。根據本發明亦適用的是紗束和紗線。本發明的上下文中，所提及的所有材料適合作為纖維載體。強化纖維之回顧可見於“Composites Technologien“,Paolo Ermanni(Version 4),script for lecture at ETH Zürich,August 2007,Chapter 7。
本發明亦提出一種製造複合組件之方法，其係藉下列方法步驟：I.提供組成物，其包含A)至少一種環氧化合物，和B)硬化劑組成物，其由以下所組成：B1)20重量%至40重量%之至少一種以三丙酮二胺為基礎之二胺和/或多胺，和B2)60重量%至80重量%之至少一種其他的二胺和/或多胺，其中A)的環氧基與B)的官能基的活性氫原子數的化學計量比是由1：0.5至1：1，較佳地為1：0.6至1：
0.8，C)0.1重量%至10重量%的至少一種固化加速劑，D)任意的至少一種潛伏性硬化劑，其中A)至D)的量總共為100重量%，E)任意的其他添加劑；II.將纖維載體以得自I.之組成物在密封的模具中浸漬，III.固化此反應性組成物以提供在密封的模具中之複合組件；和IV.將最終組件自模具腔脫模。
本發明特別地亦提出根據本發明製得之複合物件的用途，其係用於造船和造艦、航空技術、汽車建構、雙輪載具(較佳是機車和自行車)、汽車、建築、醫藥技術和體育界、電力和電子工業、及特別是能量產生設備(例如風車渦輪)。
以下實例中所用的原料闡明於表1中。
以下實例中所用分析方法之描述：黏度，等溫120℃
儀器：Anton-Paar MCR 301
參數：錐-板，120℃等溫，gamma振幅=2%
頻率f=1Hz，數據點間隔：5s。
凝膠時間之測定：當儲存模數=損耗模數(損耗因子=1)
DSC
儀器：Mettler DSC 1
參數：-30至+250℃，加熱速率10K/min
玻璃轉變溫度(Tg)之測定：
半高寬方法，midpoint DIN 51007
轉化率之測定：
在適當的攪拌槽中，製備由37.5克的Vestamin IPD、15克的Vestamin TMD,22.5克的三丙酮二胺、424克的Epikote 828和4.99克的2-甲基咪唑所構成的批料並以1200-1800rpm在Hauschild Speedmixer，型號DAC 600.1 VAC-P中充分混合。之後以Anton-Paar MCR 301流變計(錐/板構形)於120℃等溫測定此環氧樹脂組成物的黏度。此外，進行固化篩選。就此目的，5g的環氧樹脂組成物稱入鋁盤(直徑50mm)中且此樣品在空氣循環乾燥箱中於120℃固化4分鐘。之後，藉DSC(Mettler DSC 1 machine)測定轉化率和Tg。自-30至250℃的加熱速率是10K/min。所有結果示於表2。
以與實例1相同的方式，在適當的攪拌槽中，製備由100克的三丙酮二胺和360克的Epikote 828所構成的混合物並以1200-1800rpm在Hauschild Speedmixer，型號DAC 600.1 VAC-P中充分混合。此環氧樹脂組成物以與實例1相同的方式使用以進行黏度實驗和固化篩選。此調合物確實具有有利的流變性質的同時，其亦具有夠長的凝膠時間且在所欲條件下未固化。這些結果亦示於表2。
6層的雙軸碳織物(304g/m2,Saertex)置於具有320×520×2mm尺寸的腔中以達到約55%之最終組件的纖維體積含量。緊閉此腔並加熱至120℃。165ml之實例1中描述的環氧樹脂組成物以Tartler Nodopur VS2195 2-組件設備以10bar的壓力注入模具中1分鐘，且在模具填充中止之後，此混合物於120℃固化4分鐘。一旦經過此固化時間，開啟模具，Tg為130℃(DSC)之碳纖維強化的層積物經脫模。所有纖維經完全浸漬且層積物沒有孔和/或洞。
6層的雙軸碳織物(304g/m2,Saertex)置於具有320×520×2mm尺寸的腔中以達到約55%之最終組件的纖維體積含量。緊閉此腔並加熱至120℃。165ml實例
2中描述的環氧樹脂組成物以Tartler Nodopur VS2195 2-組件設備以10bar的壓力注入模具中1分鐘，且在模具填充中止之後，此混合物於120℃固化4分鐘。一旦經過此固化時間，開啟模具。由於樹脂基質仍發黏且未完全固化，所以此層積物無法脫模。
Claims (15)
- 一種環氧樹脂組成物，其包含：A)至少一種環氧化合物，和B)硬化劑組成物，其由以下所組成：B1)20重量%至40重量%之至少一種以三丙酮二胺為基礎之二胺和/或多胺，和B2)60重量%至80重量%之至少一種其他的二胺和/或多胺，其中A)的環氧基與B)的官能基的活性氫原子數的化學計量比是由1：0.5至1：1，較佳地為1：0.6至1：0.8，C)0.1重量%至10重量%的至少一種固化加速劑，D)任意的至少一種潛伏性硬化劑，其中A)至D)的量總共為100重量%，E)任意的其他添加劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之環氧樹脂組成物，其中含有選自飽和、不飽和、脂族、環脂族、芳族和雜環狀環氧化合物之環氧化合物A)，且這些環氧化合物亦具有羥基。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之環氧樹脂組成物，其中含有選自下列的環氧化合物A)：環氧丙醚、環氧丙酯、脂族環氧化物、以雙酚A和/或雙酚F為基礎之二環氧丙醚、甲基丙烯酸環氧丙酯。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之環氧樹脂組成物，其中含有選自包含下列的群組之環氧化合物A)：以雙酚A二環氧丙醚為基礎的環氧樹脂、以雙酚F二環氧丙醚為基礎的環氧樹脂、4,4'-伸甲基雙[N,N-雙(2,3-環氧基丙基)苯胺]、己二醇二環氧丙醚、丁二醇二環氧丙醚、三羥甲基丙烷三環氧丙醚、丙烷-1,2,3-三醇三環氧丙醚、季戊四醇四環氧丙醚、六氫酞酸二環氧丙酯、脂族或環脂族環氧樹脂類型。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之環氧樹脂組成物，其中含有選自下列之以三丙酮二胺為基礎的多胺B1)：2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-胺基哌啶、伸己基雙(4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶)、N-丁基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、N,N-二甲基胺基丙基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、N-丙基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、N-異丙基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、N-羥基乙基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、N-甲氧基乙基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、N-甲氧基乙基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、N’,N’-二甲基胺基乙基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、N-嗎啉基乙基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、N-哌基乙基-4-胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-嗎啉基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之環氧樹脂組成物，其中 含有選自一級和/或二級二-和/或多胺之二-和/或多胺B2)。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之環氧樹脂組成物，其中單獨或混合使用以下胺作為組份B2)：‧脂族胺，例如聚伸烷基多胺，較佳地選自伸乙基-1,2-二胺、伸丙基-1,2-二胺、伸丙基-1,3-二胺、伸丁基-1,2-二胺、伸丁基-1,3-二胺、伸丁基-1,4-二胺、2-(乙基胺基)乙胺、3-(甲基胺基)丙胺、二伸乙基三胺、三伸乙基四胺、五伸乙基六胺、三甲基己二胺、2,2,4-三甲基己二胺、2,4,4-三甲基己二胺、2-甲基戊二胺、己二胺、N-(2-胺基乙基)乙-1,2-二胺、N-(3-胺基丙基)丙-1,3-二胺、N,N”-1,2-乙二基雙(1,3-丙二胺)、二伸丙三胺、己二酸二醯聯胺(adipic dihydrazide)、聯胺；‧氧伸烷基多胺，選自聚氧丙二胺和聚氧丙三胺(例如Jeffamine® D-230、Jeffamine® D-400、Jeffamine® T-403、Jeffamine® T-5000)、1,13-二胺基-4,7,10-三氧雜十三烷、4,7-二氧雜癸-1,10-二胺；‧環脂族胺，選自異佛爾酮二胺(3,5,5-三甲基-3-胺基甲基環己胺)、4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷、2,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷和2,2'-二胺基二環己基甲烷，單獨或其異構物的混合物，3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷、N-環己基-1,3-丙二胺、1,2-二胺基環己烷、3-(環己基胺基)丙胺、哌、N-胺基乙基哌、TCD二胺(3(4),8(9)-雙(胺基甲基)三環[5.2.1.02,6]癸烷)、4-甲基環 己烷-1,3-二胺；‧芳脂族胺，例如二甲苯二胺；‧芳族胺，選自苯二胺、苯-1,3-二胺、苯-1,4-二胺、4,4'-二胺基二苯基甲烷、2,4'-二胺基二苯基甲烷、2,2'-二胺基二苯基甲烷，單獨或其異構物的混合物；‧加合物硬化劑，其為環氧化合物(特別是雙酚A和F的環氧丙醚)與過量的胺之反應產物；‧多醯胺基胺硬化劑，其藉單-和多羧酸與多胺之縮合反應得到，特別是藉脂肪酸二聚體與聚伸烷多胺之縮合反應得到；‧Mannich鹼硬化劑，其藉單-或多羥基酚與醛(特別是甲醛)和多胺之反應得到；‧Mannich鹼，例如基於酚和/或甲酚、甲醛和間-二甲苯二胺，及N-胺基乙基哌及N-胺基乙基哌與壬基酚和/或苯甲醇之摻合物、苯基烷胺(其在Mannich反應中得自腰果酚、醛和胺)。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之環氧樹脂組成物，其中含有選自下列的二-和/或多胺B2)：其選自異佛爾酮二胺、4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷、2,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷、2,2'-二胺基二環己基甲烷，單獨或其異構物的混合物、2,2,4-三甲基己二胺和2,4,4-三甲基己二胺之異構物混合物、以環氧化合物和二-和/或多胺B2)或前述二-和/或多胺B2)之組合之反應產物為基礎之加合物硬化劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之環氧樹脂組成物，其中 使用下列作為組份B2)：a)異佛爾酮二胺，b)和/或異佛爾酮二胺與下列之組合：2,2,4-三甲基己二胺和2,4,4-三甲基己二胺之異構物的混合物、和/或4,4’-二胺基二環己基甲烷、2,4’-二胺基二環己基甲烷、2,2’-二胺基二環己基甲烷，單獨或其異構物的混合物，c)和/或以環氧化合物和前述胺B2)或前述胺B2)之組合之反應產物為基礎之加合物硬化劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之環氧樹脂組成物，其中含有咪唑和/或咪唑衍生物作為硬化加速劑(C)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之環氧樹脂組成物，其中含有選自下列的潛伏性硬化劑D)：二氰二醯胺、氰基胍、芳族胺、胍、經改質的多胺、N-醯基咪唑、咪唑、羰基醯聯胺、三聯胺衍生物、三聚氰胺和其衍生物、N-氰基醯基醯胺化合物、醯硫基丙基酚。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1至11項中任一項之環氧樹脂組成物於製造調合物之用途，該組成物包含：A)至少一種環氧化合物，和B)硬化劑組成物，其由以下所組成：B1)20重量%至40重量%之至少一種以三丙酮二胺為基礎之二胺和/或多胺，和B2)60重量%至80重量%之至少一種其他的二胺和/ 或多胺，其中A)的環氧基與B)的官能基的活性氫原子數的化學計量比是由1：0.5至1：1，較佳地為1：0.6至1：0.8，C)0.1重量%至10重量%的至少一種固化加速劑，D)任意的至少一種潛伏性硬化劑，其中A)至D)的量總共為100重量%，E)任意的其他添加劑。
- 一種複合組件，其基本上由以下者所構成：1)至少一種纖維載體，和2)如申請專利範圍第1至11項中任一項之環氧樹脂組成物，其包含：A)至少一種環氧化合物，和B)硬化劑組成物，其由以下所組成：B1)20重量%至40重量%之至少一種以三丙酮二胺為基礎之二胺和/或多胺，和B2)60重量%至80重量%之至少一種其他的二胺和/或多胺，其中A)的環氧基與B)的官能基的活性氫原子數的化學計量比是由1：0.5至1：1，較佳地為1：0.6至1：0.8，C)0.1重量%至10重量%的至少一種固化加速劑，D)任意的至少一種潛伏性硬化劑， 其中A)至D)的量總共為.100重量%，E)任意的其他添加劑。
- 一種製造如申請專利範圍第13項之複合組件之方法，其藉方法步驟：I.提供包含下列的組成物：A)至少一種環氧化合物，和B)硬化劑組成物，其由以下所組成：B1)20重量%至40重量%之至少一種以三丙酮二胺為基礎之二胺和/或多胺，和B2)60重量%至80重量%之至少一種其他的二胺和/或多胺，其中A)的環氧基與B)的官能基的活性氫原子數的化學計量比是由1：0.5至1：1，較佳地為1：0.6至1：0.8，C)0.1重量%至10重量%的至少一種固化加速劑，D)任意的至少一種潛伏性硬化劑，其中A)至D)的量總共為100重量%，E)任意的其他添加劑；II.將纖維載體以得自I.之組成物在密封的模具中浸漬；III.固化此反應性組成物以提供在密封的模具中之複合組件；和 IV.將最終組件自模具腔脫模。
- 如申請專利範圍第13或14項之複合組件的用途，其係用於造船和造艦、航空技術、汽車建構、雙輪載具(較佳是機車和自行車)、汽車、建築、醫藥技術和體育界、電力和電子工業、能量產生設備。
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| EP15199600.6A EP3178862B1 (de) | 2015-12-11 | 2015-12-11 | Latente epoxidharzformulierungen für flüssigimprägnierprozesse zur herstellung von faserverstärkten composites |
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| US (1) | US10155840B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP3178862B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2017122215A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR20170069941A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN106977697A (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR102016028901A2 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2951251A1 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2748607T3 (zh) |
| MX (1) | MX377082B (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL3178862T3 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW201731902A (zh) |
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| ES2750306T3 (es) * | 2015-12-11 | 2020-03-25 | Univ California | Formulaciones de resina epoxídica latentes para procesos de impregnación de líquido para la producción de materiales compuestos fibrosos |
| EP3178863B1 (de) * | 2015-12-11 | 2019-08-28 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Epoxidharz-zusammensetzungen zur herstellung von lagerstabilen composites |
| HUE048064T2 (hu) | 2016-06-23 | 2020-05-28 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Autoklávozott pórusbetonból (AAC) készített megerõsített építõelem |
| KR102395468B1 (ko) * | 2016-12-21 | 2022-05-09 | 에보니크 오퍼레이션즈 게엠베하 | N-히드록실 에틸 피페리딘 (nhep): 에폭시 시스템을 위한 신규 경화제 |
| KR102074914B1 (ko) * | 2019-04-09 | 2020-03-02 | 엘로이산업(주) | 친환경 도료 조성물 및 이를 이용한 주차장 시공 방법 |
| CN111892798A (zh) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-11-06 | 惠柏新材料科技（上海）股份有限公司 | 一种高断裂延伸率且耐高温环氧树脂组合物 |
| CN113248689B (zh) * | 2021-06-23 | 2022-07-12 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种多官能度酰胺混合物及其制备方法、一种预浸料 |
| CN113845753B (zh) * | 2021-09-28 | 2024-01-05 | 山西宇德新材料科技有限公司 | 一种风电叶片用复合材料真空灌注方法 |
| CN115109386B (zh) * | 2022-07-04 | 2023-12-29 | 海南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | 一种复合绝缘横担用玄武岩纤维增强环氧树脂基芯棒及其制备方法 |
| PL443393A1 (pl) * | 2022-12-30 | 2024-07-01 | Skarb Państwa Reprezentowany Przez Ministra Obrony Narodowej | Wieloskładnikowa kompozycja utwardzająco-modyfikująca żywice epoksydowe |
| CN118994537B (zh) * | 2024-07-16 | 2026-04-17 | 中国长江电力股份有限公司 | 一种金属表面湿附着堵漏材料、制备方法及应用 |
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-
2015
- 2015-12-11 EP EP15199600.6A patent/EP3178862B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2015-12-11 ES ES15199600T patent/ES2748607T3/es active Active
- 2015-12-11 PL PL15199600T patent/PL3178862T3/pl unknown
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2016
- 2016-12-01 MX MX2016015901A patent/MX377082B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2016-12-07 TW TW105140475A patent/TW201731902A/zh unknown
- 2016-12-08 BR BR102016028901A patent/BR102016028901A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2016-12-08 CA CA2951251A patent/CA2951251A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-12-08 KR KR1020160166552A patent/KR20170069941A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-12-09 JP JP2016239395A patent/JP2017122215A/ja active Pending
- 2016-12-09 CN CN201611128186.4A patent/CN106977697A/zh active Pending
- 2016-12-12 US US15/375,668 patent/US10155840B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US10155840B2 (en) | 2018-12-18 |
| JP2017122215A (ja) | 2017-07-13 |
| MX377082B (es) | 2025-03-07 |
| ES2748607T3 (es) | 2020-03-17 |
| KR20170069941A (ko) | 2017-06-21 |
| EP3178862A1 (de) | 2017-06-14 |
| EP3178862B1 (de) | 2019-08-14 |
| CA2951251A1 (en) | 2017-06-11 |
| CN106977697A (zh) | 2017-07-25 |
| PL3178862T3 (pl) | 2020-04-30 |
| BR102016028901A2 (pt) | 2017-06-20 |
| US20170166688A1 (en) | 2017-06-15 |
| MX2016015901A (es) | 2017-06-12 |
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