TW201915216A - 穩定的化學鍍銅組合物及在襯底上化學鍍銅之方法 - Google Patents
穩定的化學鍍銅組合物及在襯底上化學鍍銅之方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201915216A TW201915216A TW107131472A TW107131472A TW201915216A TW 201915216 A TW201915216 A TW 201915216A TW 107131472 A TW107131472 A TW 107131472A TW 107131472 A TW107131472 A TW 107131472A TW 201915216 A TW201915216 A TW 201915216A
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- Prior art keywords
- copper plating
- electroless copper
- electroless
- plating
- catalyst
- Prior art date
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- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 205
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- -1 carboxymethyl-thio compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical group [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011006 sodium potassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001476 sodium potassium tartrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001433 sodium tartrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940053195 antiepileptics hydantoin derivative Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- HJMZMZRCABDKKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonocyanidic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C#N HJMZMZRCABDKKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001469 hydantoins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960002167 sodium tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011004 sodium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydantoin Chemical compound O=C1CNC(=O)N1 WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940091173 hydantoin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical class O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M D-gluconate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ABBQHOQBGMUPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium salicylate Chemical compound [Na+].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O ABBQHOQBGMUPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YIKPWSKEXRZQIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanedioic acid;ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NCCN.OC(=O)CCC(O)=O.OC(=O)CCC(O)=O YIKPWSKEXRZQIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940050410 gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004025 sodium salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 55
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 42
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 10
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- ZMLDXWLZKKZVSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium tin Chemical compound [Pd].[Sn] ZMLDXWLZKKZVSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012974 tin catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- RJTANRZEWTUVMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound [B].CNC RJTANRZEWTUVMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 5
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 5
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RHYBFKMFHLPQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylhydantoin Chemical compound CN1CC(=O)NC1=O RHYBFKMFHLPQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- RFTORHYUCZJHDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CN1CC(=O)N(C)C1=O RFTORHYUCZJHDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JPHVSDWIWBDHOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(carboxymethylsulfanyl)butanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CSC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O JPHVSDWIWBDHOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IGJFLPNTKLFHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyridin-2-ylsulfanylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CSC1=CC=CC=N1 IGJFLPNTKLFHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YQUVCSBJEUQKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 YQUVCSBJEUQKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIROYDNZEPTFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-Dimethylhydantoin Chemical compound CC1(C)NC(=O)NC1=O YIROYDNZEPTFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
- C23C18/40—Coating with copper using reducing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/28—Sensitising or activating
- C23C18/30—Activating or accelerating or sensitising with palladium or other noble metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
- C23C18/40—Coating with copper using reducing agents
- C23C18/405—Formaldehyde
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Abstract
向化學鍍銅組合物中添加所選之羧甲基硫基化合物來改良所述化學鍍銅組合物之穩定性,使得即使在低鍍覆溫度及高穩定劑濃度及高浸出催化劑濃度下進行化學鍍覆時,所述化學鍍銅組合物之鍍覆活性亦不會受到損害。
Description
本發明涉及穩定的化學鍍銅組合物及在基板上化學鍍銅之方法。更具體地,本發明涉及穩定的化學鍍銅組合物及在基板上化學鍍銅之方法,其中化學鍍銅組合物包含所選擇之羧甲基硫基化合物作為穩定劑來為化學鍍銅組合物提供穩定性,而不損害化學鍍銅活性,即使在低鍍覆溫度及高穩定劑及浸出催化劑濃度下。
化學鍍銅液廣泛用於金屬化工業中,用於在各種類型之基板上沈積銅。在印刷電路板之製造中,例如,化學銅液用於在通孔及電路路徑之壁上沈積銅,作為後續電解鍍銅之基底。化學鍍銅亦用於裝飾性塑膠行業中,用於在非導電表面上沈積銅,作為根據需要進一步鍍銅、鎳、金、銀及其他金屬之基底。目前商業上使用之化學鍍銅液含有水溶性二價銅化合物、螯合劑或絡合劑,例如羅謝爾鹽(Rochelle salt)及乙二胺四乙酸鈉鹽,用於二價銅離子、還原劑,例如甲醛及甲醛前體或衍生物,及各種添加劑,以使鍍液更穩定、調節鍍覆速率且提亮銅沈積物。
然而應理解,化學鍍銅液中之各組分均影響鍍覆電位,因此必須調控濃度以保持針對特定成分及操作條件之最理想之鍍覆電位。影響內部鍍覆電壓、沈積品質及速率之其他因素包含溫度、攪拌程度、上述基礎成分之類型及濃度。
在化學鍍銅液中,組分被連續消耗,使得鍍液處於持續變化狀態,因此必須定期補充所消耗之組分。長時間控制鍍液以保持高鍍覆速率及基本上均勻之銅沈積物係非常困難之。歷經幾個金屬循環(metal turnover,MTO)之鍍液組分之消耗及補充亦可能,例如藉由副產物之積累而導致液不穩定。因此,此類鍍液,特別係彼等具有高鍍覆電位之液,亦即高活性鍍液,往往變得不穩定且隨著使用而自發分解。此種化學鍍銅液不穩定性會導致沿表面鍍銅不均勻或不連續。例如,在印刷電路板之製造中,在通孔壁上化學鍍銅以使得壁上之銅沈積物基本上連續且均勻且銅沈積物中之斷裂或空隙最小,較佳地沒有斷裂或空隙係很重要的。銅沈積物之此種不連續性可能最終導致包含有缺陷之印刷電路板之任何電氣裝置功能故障。此外,不穩定的化學鍍銅液亦會引起互連缺陷(interconnect defect,ICD),此亦會導致電氣裝置功能故障。
與化學鍍銅相關之另一個問題係在高催化劑金屬浸出之情況下化學鍍銅液之穩定性。化學鍍銅利用各種含金屬催化劑,例如膠態鈀-錫催化劑及離子型金屬催化劑,來啟動化學鍍銅過程。此類含金屬催化劑可能對鍍覆條件,諸如化學鍍銅液之pH、化學鍍之溫度、化學鍍銅液中之組分及組分濃度,敏感,其中此類參數至少能夠導致金屬自催化劑中浸出,從而使化學鍍銅液進一步不穩定。
為了解決上述穩定性問題,已經將歸類在「穩定劑」標籤下之各種化合物引入化學鍍銅液中。已經用於化學鍍銅液之穩定劑之實例係含硫化合物,例如二硫化物及硫醇。儘管此類含硫化合物已被證明係有效穩定劑,但是必須小心調控其在化學鍍銅液中之濃度,因為許多此類化合物均係催化劑毒物。因此,此類含硫化合物無法在寬的濃度範圍內使用而不對化學鍍活性或速率造成負面影響。另一態樣中,關於催化劑金屬浸出,自催化劑中浸出之金屬愈多,保持化學鍍銅液穩定性所需之穩定劑濃度越大。就長期或金屬循環(MTO)化學鍍銅效能而言,催化劑金屬浸出係必須加以考慮之態樣。為解決此問題,可以增加穩定劑濃度來克服催化劑金屬浸出。當增加穩定劑濃度時,增加化學鍍銅液之操作溫度來克服增加之穩定劑濃度對鍍覆速率之負面影響。許多穩定劑均會降低化學鍍銅速率,且如上所述,在高濃度下係催化劑毒物。低鍍覆速率對化學鍍銅效能有害。化學鍍銅速率還與溫度有關,因此當高穩定劑濃度使速率降低時,提高鍍覆溫度可以提高速率。然而,提高操作溫度會藉由增加副產物積累及藉由副反應減少鍍液添加劑而使化學鍍銅液之穩定性降低,因此抵消了增加穩定劑濃度之一些效果。結果,在大多數情況下,所使用之穩定劑之量必須在保持高鍍覆速率與實現長時期穩定的化學鍍之間進行謹慎的折衷。
因此,需要一種用於化學鍍銅液之穩定劑,其能夠在寬濃度範圍內穩定化學鍍銅液而不會發生催化劑中毒,且不影響鍍覆速率或鍍覆效能,即使在存在高催化劑金屬浸出、高MTO之情況下,且其中化學鍍銅液即使在低鍍覆溫度下亦能實現良好之通孔覆蓋且降低之ICD。
本發明涉及一種化學鍍銅組合物,其包含一或多種銅離子源;一或多種具有下式之羧甲基硫基化合物:, 其中R係選自由吡啶基及二羧基乙基組成之群組之部分;一或多種絡合劑;一或多種還原劑;及,視情況,一或多種pH調節劑,其中化學鍍銅組合物之pH大於7。
本發明還涉及一種化學鍍銅方法,其包含: a)提供包括電介質之基板; b)將催化劑施加至包括電介質之基板上; c)將化學鍍銅組合物施加至包括電介質之基板上,其中化學鍍銅組合物包括一或多種銅離子源;一或多種具有下式之羧甲基硫基化合物:, 其中R係選自由吡啶基及二羧基乙基組成之群組之部分;一或多種絡合劑;一或多種還原劑;及,視情況,一或多種pH調節劑,其中化學鍍銅組合物之pH大於7;及 d)使用化學鍍銅組合物在包括電介質之基板上進行化學鍍銅。
羧甲基硫基化合物能夠實現穩定之化學鍍銅組合物,其中本發明之化學鍍銅組合物在羧甲基硫基化合物之寬濃度範圍內穩定,同時在相同之濃度範圍內使化學鍍銅之鍍覆速率較高且均一。穩定劑濃度之寬操作窗意味著不需要仔細監測穩定劑濃度,無論組合物組分如何被補充及消耗,化學鍍銅組合物之效能不會顯著改變。此外,本發明之穩定劑可以在寬濃度範圍內使用而不用擔心發生催化劑中毒。
此外,即使鈀金屬自鈀催化劑中浸出之程度較高時,羧甲基硫基化合物亦能夠實現穩定之化學鍍銅組合物。化學鍍銅組合物對浸出之催化劑金屬之穩定性與所用穩定劑之量成比例,使得加入之穩定劑愈多,化學鍍銅組合物之長期穩定性越高。本發明之化學鍍銅組合物及方法還能夠實現良好的通孔壁覆蓋且減少印刷電路板中之互連缺陷(ICD),甚至在高金屬循環(MTO)及低鍍覆溫度下。低鍍覆溫度會降低由於非所期望之副反應或分解而發生之化學鍍銅組合物添加劑之消耗,因此提供了更穩定之化學鍍銅組合物,且降低了化學鍍銅製程之操作成本。
如本說明書通篇所使用,除非上下文另有明確說明,否則下面給出之縮寫具有以下含義:g=克;mg=毫克;mL=毫升;L=公升;cm=公分;m=公尺;mm=毫米;μm=微米;ppm=百萬分率=mg/L;M=莫耳;min=分鐘;MTO=金屬循環;ICD=互連缺陷;℃=攝氏度;g/L=克每公升;DI=去離子;Pd=鈀;Pd(II)=具有+2氧化態之鈀離子;Pdº=還原成金屬態之鈀;wt%=重量百分比;Tg
=玻璃轉化溫度;及e.g.=例如。
在整個說明書中,術語「鍍覆」與「沈積」可互換使用。術語「組合物」與「液」在整個說明書中可互換使用。術語「部分」係指分子或官能基之一部分。術語「金屬循環(MTO)」係指添加之替代金屬之總量等於最初電鍍組合物中之金屬總量。特定化學鍍銅組合物之MTO值=以克計之總沈積銅除以以克計之鍍覆組合物中之銅含量。術語「互連缺陷(ICD)」係指可能干擾印刷電路板中之電路間連接之情況,例如鑽屑、殘留物、鑽孔塗抹物、顆粒(玻璃及無機填料)及通孔中之額外之銅。除非另外說明,否則所有量均係重量百分比所有數值範圍均係包含性之且可以任何順序組合,只不過邏輯上此類數值範圍被限制為總計100%。
本發明之化學鍍銅組合物包括以下,較佳地由以下組成:一或多種銅離子源,其包含抗衡陰離子;一或多種具有下式之羧甲基硫基化合物:, 其中R係選自由吡啶基及二羧基乙基組成之群組之部分;一或多種絡合劑或螯合劑;一或多種還原劑;水;及,視情況,一或多種界面活性劑;及,視情況,一或多種pH調節劑,其中化學鍍銅組合物之pH大於7。
其中R係吡啶基部分之羧甲基硫基化合物具有下式:(2-吡啶基硫烷基)-乙酸;且, 其中R係二羧基乙基部分之羧甲基硫基化合物具有下式:2-(羧甲基硫基)琥珀酸。
本發明之羧甲基硫基化合物之含量為0.5 ppm或更多,例如0.5 ppm至200 ppm,或諸如1 ppm至100 ppm,較佳1 ppm至50 ppm,較佳更佳5 ppm至20 ppm,甚至較佳更佳7 ppm至20 ppm,進一步較佳10 ppm至20 ppm,最佳15 ppm至20 ppm。
銅離子及抗衡陰離子之來源包含但不限於銅之水溶性鹵化物、硝酸鹽、乙酸鹽、硫酸鹽及其他有機及無機鹽。一或多種此類銅鹽之混合物可用於提供銅離子。實例為硫酸銅,諸如五水硫酸銅、氯化銅、硝酸銅、氫氧化銅及胺基磺酸銅。較佳地,本發明之化學鍍銅組合物之一或多種銅離子源之範圍為0.5 g/L至30 g/L,更佳1 g/L至25 g/L,甚至更佳5 g/L至20 g/L,進一步較佳5 g/L至15 g/L,最佳10 g/L至15 g/L。
絡合劑或螯合劑包含但不限於酒石酸鈉鉀、酒石酸鈉、水楊酸鈉,乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)之鈉鹽、次氮基乙酸及其鹼金屬鹽、葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖酸鹽、三乙醇胺、改性乙二胺、四乙酸、S,S-乙二胺二琥珀酸、乙內醯脲及乙內醯脲衍生物。乙內醯脲衍生物包含但不限於1-甲基乙內醯脲、1,3-二甲基乙內醯脲及5,5-二甲基乙內醯脲。較佳地,絡合劑選自酒石酸鈉鉀、酒石酸鈉、次氮基乙酸及其鹼金屬鹽,諸如次氮基乙酸之鈉鹽及鉀鹽,乙內醯脲及乙內醯脲衍生物中之一或多種。較佳地,EDTA及其鹽不包含在本發明之化學鍍銅組合物中。更佳地,絡合劑選自酒石酸鈉鉀、酒石酸鈉、次氮基乙酸、次氮基乙酸鈉鹽及乙內醯脲衍生物。甚至更佳地,絡合劑選自酒石酸鈉鉀、酒石酸鈉、1-甲基乙內醯脲、1,3-二甲基乙內醯脲及5,5-二甲基乙內醯脲。進一步較佳地,絡合劑選自酒石酸鈉鉀及酒石酸鈉。最佳地,絡合劑為酒石酸鈉鉀。
絡合劑在本發明之化學鍍銅組合物中之含量為10 g/l至150 g/L,較佳20 g/L至150 g/L,更佳30 g/L至100 g/L,甚至更佳35 g/L至80 g/L,最佳35 g/l至55 g/L。
還原劑包含但不限於甲醛、甲醛前體、甲醛衍生物,諸如多聚甲醛,硼氫化物,諸如硼氫化鈉,經取代之硼氫化物、硼烷,諸如二甲胺硼烷(DMAB),糖類,諸如葡萄糖(grape sugar/glucose)、葡萄糖(glucose)、山梨糖醇、纖維素、蔗糖、甘露醇及葡糖酸內酯,次磷酸鹽及其鹽,諸如次磷酸鈉,對苯二酚、兒茶酚、間苯二酚、喹啉、連苯三酚、羥基喹啉、間苯三酚、愈創木酚、沒食子酸、3,4-二羥基苯甲酸、苯酚磺酸、甲酚磺酸、對苯二酚磺酸、兒茶酚磺酸、鈦試劑及所有上述還原劑之鹽。較佳地,還原劑選自甲醛、甲醛衍生物、甲醛前體、硼氫化物及次磷酸鹽及其鹽、對苯二酚、兒茶酚、間苯二酚及沒食子酸。更佳地,還原劑選自甲醛、甲醛衍生物、甲醛前體及次磷酸鈉。最佳地,還原劑為甲醛。
還原劑在本發明之化學鍍銅組合物中之含量為0.5 g/L至100 g/L,較佳0.5 g/L至60g/L,更佳1 g/L至50 g/L,甚至更佳1 g/L至20 g/L,進一步較佳1 g/L至10 g/L,最佳1 g/L至5 g/L。
本發明之化學鍍銅組合物之pH大於7。較佳地,本發明之化學鍍銅組合物之pH大於7.5。更佳地,化學鍍銅組合物之pH範圍為8至14,甚至更佳10至14,進一步較佳11至13,最佳12至13。
視情況,本發明之化學鍍銅組合物中可包含一或多種pH調節劑,以調節化學鍍銅組合物之pH至鹼性pH。調節pH可使用酸及鹼,包含有機及無機酸及鹼。較佳地,使用無機酸或無機鹼或其混合物調節本發明之化學鍍銅組合物之pH。適用於調節化學鍍銅組合物之pH之無機酸包含,例如磷酸、硝酸、硫酸及鹽酸。適用於調節化學鍍銅組合物之pH之無機鹼包含,例如氫氧化銨、氫氧化鈉及氫氧化鉀。較佳地,使用氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀或其混合物來調節化學鍍銅組合物之pH,最佳地,使用氫氧化鈉來調節本發明之化學鍍銅組合物之pH。
視情況,本發明之化學鍍銅組合物中可包含一或多種界面活性劑。此類界面活性劑包含離子界面活性劑,諸如陽離子及陰離子界面活性劑、非離子及兩性界面活性劑。可以使用界面活性劑之混合物。界面活性劑可以0.001 g/L至50 g/L之量,較佳以0.01 g/L至50 g/L之量包含在組合物中。
陽離子界面活性劑包含但不限於四烷基鹵化銨、烷基三甲基鹵化銨、羥乙基烷基咪唑啉、烷基苯紮鹵銨、烷基胺乙酸鹽、烷基胺油酸鹽及烷基胺基乙基甘氨酸。
陰離子界面活性劑包含但不限於烷基苯磺酸鹽、烷基或烷氧基萘磺酸鹽、烷基二苯基醚磺酸鹽、烷基醚磺酸鹽、烷基硫酸酯、聚氧乙烯烷基醚硫酸酯、聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚硫酸酯、高級醇磷酸單酯、聚氧烯烷基醚磷酸(磷酸鹽)及烷基磺基琥珀酸鹽。
兩性界面活性劑包含但不限於2-烷基-N-羧甲基或乙基-N-羥乙基或甲基咪唑甜菜鹼、2-烷基-N-羧甲基或乙基-N-羧甲氧基乙基咪唑甜菜鹼、二甲基烷基甜菜鹼、N-烷基-胺基丙酸或其鹽及脂肪酸醯胺丙基二甲基胺基乙酸甜菜鹼。
較佳地,界面活性劑係非離子的。非離子界面活性劑包含但不限於烷基苯氧基聚乙氧基乙醇、具有20至150個重複單元之聚氧乙烯聚合物及聚氧乙烯及聚氧丙烯的無規及嵌段共聚物。
本發明之化學鍍銅組合物及方法可用於在各種基板上化學鍍銅,諸如半導體、包覆及未包覆金屬之基板,諸如印刷電路板。此種包覆及未包覆金屬之印刷電路板可包含熱固性樹脂、熱塑性樹脂及其組合,包含纖維,諸如玻璃纖維,及前述之浸漬實施例。較佳地,基板係包覆金屬之印刷電路或具有多個通孔之接線板。本發明之化學鍍銅組合物及方法可用於製造印刷電路板之水平及垂直製程,較佳地,本發明之化學鍍銅組合物方法用於水平製程。
熱塑性樹脂包含但不限於縮醛樹脂、丙烯酸,諸如丙烯酸甲酯,纖維素樹脂,諸如乙酸乙酯、丙酸纖維素、乙酸丁酸纖維素及硝酸纖維素,聚醚、尼龍、聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、苯乙烯共混物,諸如作為丙烯腈苯乙烯及共聚物及丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物,聚碳酸酯、聚三氟氯乙烯及乙烯基聚合物及共聚物,諸如乙酸乙烯酯,乙烯醇、乙烯醇縮丁醛、氯乙烯、氯乙烯-乙酸酯共聚物、偏二氯乙烯及乙烯基縮甲醛。
熱固性樹脂包含但不限於鄰苯二甲酸烯丙酯、呋喃、三聚氰胺-甲醛、苯酚-甲醛及苯酚-糠醛共聚物,單獨或與丁二烯丙烯腈共聚物或丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物複合,聚丙烯酸酯、矽氧烷、脲甲醛、環氧樹脂、烯丙基樹脂、鄰苯二甲酸甘油酯及聚酯。
本發明之化學鍍銅組合物及方法可用於具有低及高Tg
樹脂之化學鍍銅板基板。低Tg
樹脂之Tg
低於160℃,高Tg
樹脂之Tg
為160℃及以上。通常,高Tg
樹脂之Tg
為160℃至280℃,或諸如170℃至240℃。高Tg
聚合物樹脂包含但不限於聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)及聚四氟乙烯共混物。此種共混物包含,例如,PTFE與聚環氧乙烷及氰酸酯。包含具有高Tg
之樹脂之其他種類之聚合物樹脂包含但不限於環氧樹脂,諸如雙官能及多官能環氧樹脂、雙馬來醯亞胺/三嗪及環氧樹脂(BT環氧樹脂)、環氧/聚苯醚樹脂、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚苯醚(PPO)、聚苯乙烯醚(PPE)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚碸(PS)、聚醯胺、聚酯,諸如聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)及聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚醚酮(PEEK)、液晶聚合物、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚醚醯亞胺、環氧樹脂及其複合物。
在使用本發明之化學鍍銅組合物之化學鍍銅方法中,視情況,對基板進行清潔或脫脂,視情況,粗糙化或微粗糙化,視情況,蝕刻或微蝕刻基板,視情況,對基板施加溶劑溶脹,對通孔進行去污,且視情況可使用各種沖洗及防銹處理。
較佳地,待使用本發明之化學鍍銅組合物及方法進行化學鍍銅之基板係具有介電材料及多個通孔之包覆金屬之基板,例如印刷電路板。可選地,用水沖洗板且清潔且脫脂,隨後對通孔壁進行去污。準備或軟化電介質或通孔之去污可以施加溶劑溶脹開始。雖然較佳的係化學鍍銅方法用於鍍覆通孔壁,但設想化學鍍銅方法亦可以用於導通孔壁之化學鍍銅。
可以使用習知溶劑溶脹。具體類型可視介電材料之類型而定。可以進行小規模實驗以確定哪種溶劑溶脹適合特定介電材料。通常,電介質之Tg
決定所使用之溶劑溶脹的類型。溶劑溶脹包含但不限於二醇醚及其相關之醚乙酸酯。可以使用熟習此項技術者熟知之習知量之二醇醚及其相關的醚乙酸酯。市售溶劑溶脹之實例係CIRCUPOSIT™ Conditioner 3302A、CIRCUPOSIT™ Hole Prep 3303及CIRCUPOSIT™ Hole Prep 4120溶液(可獲自陶氏先進材料(Dow Advanced Materials))。
溶劑溶脹後,視情況,可施加促進劑。可使用習知促進劑。此類促進劑包含硫酸、鉻酸、鹼性高錳酸鹽或電漿蝕刻。較佳使用鹼性高錳酸鹽作為促進劑。市售促進劑之實例係CIRCUPOSIT™ Promoter 4130及CIRCUPOSIT™ MLB Promoter 3308溶液(可獲自陶氏先進材料)。視情況,用水沖洗基板及通孔。
若使用促進劑,則使用中和劑來中和促進劑留下之任何殘餘物。可使用習知中和劑。較佳地,中和劑係含有一或多種胺之酸性水溶液或3 wt%過氧化氫及3 wt%硫酸之溶液。市售中和劑之一個實例係CIRCUPOSIT™ MLB Neutralizer 216-5。視情況,將基板及通孔用水沖洗然後乾燥。
中和後應用酸或鹼性調理劑。可使用習知調理劑。此類調理劑可包含一或多種陽離子界面活性劑、非離子界面活性劑、絡合劑及pH調節劑或緩衝劑。可商購之酸性調理劑之實例係CIRCUPOSIT™ Conditioner 3320A及CIRCUPOSIT™ Conditioner 3327溶液(可獲自陶氏先進材料)。適合之鹼性調理劑包含但不限於含有一或多種季胺及多胺之鹼性界面活性劑水溶液。可商購之鹼性調理劑之實例係CIRCUPOSIT™ Conditioner 231、3325、813及860調配物(可獲自陶氏先進材料)。視情況,用水沖洗基板及通孔。
視情況,可在調理之後進行微蝕刻。可使用習知微蝕刻組合物。微蝕刻經設計用以在暴露之金屬(例如內層及表面蝕刻)上提供微粗糙之金屬表面,以增強後續之對化學鍍銅及隨後的電鍍的黏附。微蝕刻劑包含但不限於60 g/L至120 g/L過硫酸鈉或過氧硫酸氫鉀或硫酸(2%)混合物,或通用硫酸/過氧化氫。可商購之微蝕刻組合物之實例係CIRCUPOSIT™ Microetch 3330 Etch溶液及PREPOSIT™ 748 Etch溶液(均可獲自陶氏先進材料)。視情況,用水沖洗基板。
視情況,隨後可向微蝕刻後之基板及通孔施加預浸劑。預浸劑之實例包含但不限於有機鹽,諸如酒石酸鈉鉀或檸檬酸鈉,0.5%至3%硫酸或25 g/L至75 g/L氯化鈉之酸性溶液。
隨後向基板施加催化劑。雖然設想可以使用包含催化金屬之任何適用於化學鍍覆金屬之習知催化劑,但在本發明之方法中較佳地使用鈀催化劑。催化劑可以係非離子鈀催化劑,諸如膠態鈀-錫催化劑,或者催化劑可以係離子鈀。若催化劑係膠態鈀-錫催化劑,則進行加速步驟來自催化劑中剝去錫且暴露鈀金屬用於化學鍍銅。若催化劑係膠態鈀-錫催化劑,則在水中按0.5-10%使用鹽酸、硫酸或四氟硼酸作為加速劑來自催化劑剝去錫且暴露鈀金屬用於化學鍍銅。若催化劑係離子型催化劑,則方法中不包含加速步驟,而是在施加離子型催化劑之後向基板施加還原劑以使離子型催化劑之金屬離子還原成其金屬態,諸如作為Pd(II)離子至Pdº金屬。適合之市售膠態鈀-錫催化劑之實例係CIRCUPOSIT™ 3340催化劑及CATAPOSITÔ 44催化劑(可獲自陶氏先進材料)。市售鈀離子型催化劑之實例係CIRCUPOSIT™ 6530催化劑。催化劑可以藉由將基板浸入催化劑溶液中,或藉由將催化劑溶液噴塗在基板上,或藉由使用習知設備使催化劑溶液霧化在基板上來施加。催化劑可在室溫至80℃,較佳30℃至60℃之溫度下施加。在施加催化劑之後,視情況用水沖洗基板及通孔。
可使用已知使金屬離子還原成金屬之習知還原劑來將催化劑之金屬離子還原成其金屬態。此類還原劑包含但不限於二甲胺硼烷(DMBH)、硼氫化鈉、抗壞血酸、異抗壞血酸、次磷酸鈉、水合肼、甲酸及甲醛。以基本上使所有金屬離子還原為金屬之量包含還原劑。此類量係熟習此項技術者所熟知的。若催化劑係離子型催化劑,則在向基板施加催化劑之後且金屬化之前施加還原劑。
隨後使用本發明之化學鍍銅組合物將通孔之基板及壁鍍銅。本發明之化學鍍銅方法可在室溫至50℃之溫度下進行。較佳地,本發明之化學鍍銅方法在室溫至46℃之溫度下進行,更佳地,化學鍍銅在25℃至40℃,甚至更佳,30℃至小於40℃,最佳30℃至36℃之溫度下進行。可將基板浸入本發明之化學鍍銅組合物中,或者可將化學鍍銅組合物噴塗在基板上。使用本發明之化學鍍銅組合物之本發明之化學鍍銅方法在pH大於7之鹼性環境中進行。較佳地,本發明之化學鍍銅方法在pH大於7.5下進行,更佳地,化學鍍銅在pH為8至14,甚至更佳10至14,進一步較佳11至13,且最佳12至13下進行。
使用本發明之化學鍍銅組合物之化學鍍銅方法對於印刷電路板之通孔的化學鍍銅能夠獲得的良好平均背光值。此類平均背光值較佳大於或等於4.5,更佳為4.65至5,甚至更佳為4.8至5,最佳為4.9至5。諸如此高平均背光值使得使用本發明之化學鍍銅組合物之本發明之化學鍍銅方法能夠用於商業化學鍍銅,其中印刷電路板行業基本上要求背光值為4.5或更大。此外,本發明之化學鍍銅組合物在幾種MTO範圍內穩定,較佳0 MTO至1 MTO,更佳0 MTO至5 MTO,最佳0 MTO至10 MTO,除了補充化學鍍期間消耗之化合物之外無需鍍液維護,諸如化學鍍銅液稀釋或舀水。此外,本發明之化學鍍銅組合物能夠在幾種MTO範圍內使層壓基板中之ICD降低,諸如2-10 MTO達至0% ICD。本發明之化學鍍銅金屬組合物及方法能夠在寬範圍之羧甲基硫基化合物條件下實現均勻銅沈積,甚至在高催化劑金屬浸出下亦係如此。
以下實例不意圖限制本發明之範圍而是意圖進一步說明本發明。 實例1 本發明之化學鍍銅組合物
製備具有下表1中所揭示之組分及量之以下水性鹼性化學鍍銅組合物。 表1
如使用可獲自Fisher Scientific之習知pH計所測得,在室溫下水性鹼性化學鍍銅組合物之pH=12.7。 實例2 使用本發明之水性鹼性化學鍍銅組合物之背光實驗
提供具有多個通孔之六(6)種不同FR/4玻璃環氧板每種四(4)個:TUC-662、SY-1141、IT-180、370HR、EM825及NPGN。板係包覆銅之四層或八層板。TUC-662獲自台燿科技(Taiwan Union Technology),SY-1141獲自Shengyi。IT-180獲自ITEQ Corp.,NPGN獲自NanYa,370HR獲自Isola,EM825獲自Elite Materials Corporation。板之Tg
值範圍為140℃至180℃。各板為5 cm×12 cm。 各板之通孔處理如下: 1.各板之通孔用CIRCUPOSIT™ Hole Prep 3303溶液在80℃下去污7分鐘; 2.然後將各板之通孔用流動自來水沖洗4分鐘; 3.然後將通孔用CIRCUPOSIT™ MLB Promoter 3308高錳酸鹽水溶液在80℃下處理10分鐘; 4.然後將通孔用流動自來水沖洗4分鐘; 5.然後將通孔在室溫下用3 wt%硫酸/3 wt%過氧化氫中和劑處理2分鐘; 6.然後將各板之通孔用流動自來水沖洗4分鐘; 7.然後將各板之通孔用CIRCUPOSIT™ Conditioner 3325鹼性溶液在60℃下處理5分鐘; 8.然後將通孔用流動自來水沖洗4分鐘; 9.然後將通孔在室溫下用過硫酸鈉/硫酸蝕刻溶液處理2分鐘; 10.然後將各板之通孔用流動DI水沖洗4分鐘; 11.然後將板浸入40℃下之CIRCUPOSIT™ 6530 Catalyst,其為在離子型水性鹼性鈀催化劑濃縮物(可獲自陶氏先進材料),中5分鐘,其中催化劑用足量之碳酸鈉、氫氧化鈉或硝酸緩衝以使催化劑pH為9-9.5,隨後在室溫下用DI水沖洗板2分鐘; 12.然後將板浸入30℃下之0.6 g/L二甲胺硼烷及5 g/L硼酸溶液中2分鐘以使鈀離子還原成鈀金屬,然後將板用DI水沖洗2分鐘; 13.然後將一半板浸入上表1之液1之化學鍍銅組合物中,另一半浸入液2之化學鍍銅組合物中,且在43℃、pH12.7下鍍銅,且在通孔壁上沈積銅5分鐘; 14.然後用流動自來水沖洗鍍銅板4分鐘; 15.然後用壓縮空氣乾燥各鍍銅板;且 16.使用下面描述之背光處理來檢查板之通孔壁之鍍銅覆蓋率。
各板之橫截面儘可能地接近通孔之中心,以暴露鍍銅壁。自各板獲取距通孔中心不超過3 mm厚之橫截面,用於確定通孔壁覆蓋率。使用歐洲背光評級量表(European Backlight Grading Scale)。將各板之橫截面置放在50倍放大率之習知光學顯微鏡下,在樣品後面有光源。銅沈積物之品質根據顯微鏡下可見之透過樣品之光之量來確定。透射光僅在其中存在不完全的化學覆蓋之鍍覆通孔之區域中可見。若沒有光透過且區域看起來全黑,則在背光量表上評分為5,表示通孔壁為完全銅覆蓋。若光穿過整個區域而沒有任何暗區,則表明壁上幾乎沒有銅金屬沈積且將區域評級為0。若區域具有一些暗區及亮區,則將其評分在0與5之間。對於各板至少檢查十個通孔且評分。
4.5及更高之背光值表示催化劑在鍍覆行業中商業上可接受的。所測試之各種板之通孔之平均背光值為4.5或更大。 實例3 使用本發明之水性鹼性化學鍍銅組合物在多種MTO下進行之ICD實驗
如實例2中那般提供具有多個通孔之多個六種不同之包覆銅的多層FR/4玻璃-環氧樹脂板:TUC-662、SY-1141、IT-180、370HR、EM825及NPGN 。各板之通孔處理如下: 1.將各板之通孔用CIRCUPOSIT™ Hole Prep 3303溶液在80℃下去污7分鐘; 2.然後將各板之通孔用流動自來水沖洗4分鐘; 3.然後將通孔用CIRCUPOSIT™ MLB Promoter 3308高錳酸鹽水溶液在80℃下處理10分鐘; 4.然後將通孔用流動自來水沖洗4分鐘; 5.然後將通孔在室溫下用3 wt%硫酸/3 wt%過氧化氫中和劑處理2分鐘; 6.然後將各板之通孔用流動自來水沖洗4分鐘; 7.然後將各板之通孔用CIRCUPOSIT™ Conditioner 3320A鹼性溶液在45℃下處理5分鐘; 8.然後將通孔用流動自來水沖洗4分鐘; 9.然後將通孔在室溫下用過硫酸鈉/硫酸蝕刻溶液處理2分鐘; 10.然後將各板之通孔用流動DI水沖洗4分鐘; 11.然後將板浸入40℃下之CIRCUPOSIT™ 6530 Catalyst,其為在離子型水性鹼性鈀催化劑濃縮物(可獲自陶氏先進材料),中5分鐘,其中催化劑用足量之碳酸鈉、氫氧化鈉或硝酸緩衝以使催化劑pH為9-9.5,隨後在室溫下用DI水沖洗板2分鐘; 12.然後將板浸入30℃下之0.6 g/L二甲胺硼烷及5 g/L硼酸溶液中2分鐘以使鈀離子還原成鈀金屬,然後將板用DI水沖洗2分鐘; 13.然後將一半板浸入上表1之液1之化學鍍銅組合物中,另一半浸入液2之化學鍍銅組合物中,且在36℃、pH12.7下鍍銅,且在2 MTO、6 MTO及10 MTO下在通孔壁上沈積銅5分鐘; 14.然後用流動自來水沖洗鍍銅板4分鐘; 15.然後用壓縮空氣乾燥各鍍銅板;且 16.使用以下步驟檢查板之通孔壁之ICD:將通孔板浸沒在pH為1之鹽酸溶液中2分鐘以除去任何氧化物;然後將銅電鍍至通孔部分上至電解銅厚度達20微米;然後將板用流動自來水沖洗10分鐘,且在烘箱中在125℃下烘烤6小時;在烘烤之後,藉由將其置放在288℃之sot焊鍚槽中,使其暴露於六個10秒熱膨脹循環,使通孔板受熱應力;在熱應力之後,將板嵌入環氧樹脂中,使樹脂固化,且最接近通孔之中心地將試片橫截且拋光,以暴露鍍銅壁;然後用氫氧化銨/過氧化氫水溶液混合物蝕刻嵌入樹脂中之試片,以暴露層壓板中之銅內層、化學鍍銅層及電解銅層之間之接觸點;且,將各板之橫截面置放在200倍放大率之習知光學顯微鏡下,且檢查不同銅層之間之接觸點。
總計,各層壓材料針對ICD檢查312個接觸點。ICD係層壓板中之化學鍍銅層與銅內層之間之間隔,或者係化學鍍銅層與電解銅層之間之間隔。預計所有板之通孔均不會顯示任何ICD跡象。 實例4 本發明之化學鍍銅組合物之鍍銅厚度對比含有2,2'-硫代二乙醇酸之習知化學銅鍍組合物之鍍銅厚度
製備以下本發明之水性鹼性化學鍍銅組合物。 表2(發明)
表3(發明)
製備以下比較水性鹼性化學鍍銅組合物。 表4(比較)
各鍍液用於將剝去NMPN材料且剝去銅包層之FR/4玻璃-環氧樹脂層壓板化學鍍銅。層壓件之尺寸均為5 cm×10 cm。在化學鍍之前,將剝離後之層壓板在125℃下烘烤1小時,且在化學鍍之前記錄層壓板之重量。鍍液之pH為13且鍍覆溫度為36℃。化學鍍銅進行5分鐘。
在鍍覆5分鐘後,自鍍液中取出基板,用DI水沖洗2分鐘,藉由量測烘焙後之板之最終重量且將重量增加轉換成沈積厚度來判定銅沈積物之厚度,將板面積及化學鍍銅厚度密度考慮在內。藉由將厚度除以化學鍍覆時間量來計算速率,得至以μm/min表示之速率值。 表5 由本發明之化學鍍銅液所鍍覆之銅厚度
表6 由含有2,2'-硫代二乙醇酸之習知比較化學鍍銅液所鍍覆之銅厚度
化學鍍銅結果表明,本發明之化學鍍銅液之鍍銅速率基本上與(2-吡啶基-硫烷基)-乙酸及2-(羧基-甲硫基)-琥珀酸之1 ppm至20 ppm之濃度範圍相同,表明化學鍍銅液在寬濃度範圍內穩定。相反,習知比較化學鍍銅液顯示,隨著2,2'-巰基乙酸之濃度自1 ppm增加至20 ppm,鍍銅速率降低,因此表明隨著2,2'-巰基乙酸濃度增加,鍍液不穩定。 實例5 化學鍍銅液穩定性及鈀金屬負載量
準備以下三種化學鍍銅液。 表7
各鍍液之pH=13,且在施加時鍍液之溫度處於室溫下。 各鍍液用於將具有剝去包覆銅之NPGN材料之FR/4玻璃-環氧樹脂層壓板化學鍍銅。化學鍍銅在pH=13且液溫35℃下進行5分鐘。化學鍍製程中使用膠態鈀-錫催化劑(可獲自陶氏先進材料之CATAPOSIT™鈀-錫催化劑)。改變催化劑之量以提供如下表所示之鈀金屬濃度,以模擬催化劑之鈀浸出及各鍍液對高濃度鈀金屬之耐受性。 表8
隨著銅液中之鈀金屬濃度增加,作為本發明之含水鹼性化學鍍銅液之液27及液28顯示出均勻之鍍銅厚度,表明針對鈀金屬浸出具有良好鍍液穩定性。相比之下,比較習知液液29顯示在鈀金屬之量為0 ppm時鍍銅。然而,當金屬鈀濃度為1 ppm或更高時,化學鍍液迅速分解,因此在剝離後之板上沒有明顯之鍍銅跡象。
Claims (9)
- 一種化學鍍銅組合物,其包括一或多種銅離子源;一或多種具有下式之羧甲基硫基化合物:, 其中R係選自由吡啶基及二羧基乙基組成之群組之部分;一或多種絡合劑;一或多種還原劑;及,視情況,一或多種pH調節劑,其中所述化學鍍銅組合物之pH大於7。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的化學鍍銅組合物,其中所述羧甲基硫基化合物之量為至少0.5 ppm。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述的化學鍍銅組合物,其中所述羧甲基硫基化合物之量為0.5 ppm至200 ppm。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的化學鍍銅組合物,其中所述一或多種絡合劑選自酒石酸鈉鉀、酒石酸鈉、水楊酸鈉、乙二胺四乙酸鈉鹽、次氮基乙酸及其鹼金屬鹽、葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖酸鹽、三乙醇胺、改性乙二胺四乙酸、s,s-乙二胺二琥珀酸及乙內醯脲及乙內醯脲衍生物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的化學鍍銅組合物,其中所述一或多種還原劑選自甲醛、甲醛前體、甲醛衍生物、硼氫化物、經取代之硼氫化物、硼烷、糖類及次磷酸鹽。
- 一種化學鍍銅方法,其包括: a)提供包括電介質之基板; b)將催化劑施加至包括所述電介質之所述基板上; c)將化學鍍銅組合物施加至包括所述電介質之所述基板上,其中所述化學鍍銅組合物包括一或多種銅離子源;具有下式之羧甲基硫基化合物:, 其中R係選自由吡啶基及二羧基乙基組成之群組之部分;一或多種絡合劑;一或多種還原劑;及,視情況,一或多種pH調節劑,其中所述化學鍍銅組合物之pH大於7;及 d)使用所述化學鍍銅組合物在包括所述電介質之所述襯底上進行化學鍍銅。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的方法,其中所述羧甲基硫基化合物之量為至少0.5 ppm。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的方法,其中所述化學鍍銅組合物之溫度為40℃或更低。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的方法,其中所述催化劑係鈀催化劑。
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| US20190382901A1 (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Electroless copper plating compositions and methods for electroless plating copper on substrates |
| US20210140052A1 (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2021-05-13 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Electroless copper plating and counteracting passivation |
| CN113249730B (zh) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-06-24 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种钛合金丝材铜改性方法及应用 |
| CN113293362B (zh) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-02-11 | 吉安宏达秋科技有限公司 | 一种化学镀铜膨松液及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN113463074B (zh) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-06-14 | 广东硕成科技股份有限公司 | 一种沉铜组合物及沉铜方法 |
| CN113634745A (zh) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-12 | 金华职业技术学院 | 一种化学镀法制备NiCu双层合金粉末的方法及其应用 |
| CN115418632B (zh) * | 2022-07-27 | 2023-11-17 | 深圳市富利特科技有限公司 | 一种适用于水平线设备的高速高延展性化学铜及其制备方法 |
| CN115505977A (zh) * | 2022-10-11 | 2022-12-23 | 广东利尔化学有限公司 | 一种提高电镀铜液稳定性的复合添加剂 |
| CN115522237A (zh) * | 2022-10-11 | 2022-12-27 | 广东利尔化学有限公司 | 一种可提高电镀铜液稳定性的添加剂 |
| CN115948729A (zh) * | 2022-12-28 | 2023-04-11 | 深圳市富利特科技有限公司 | 适用于特殊衬底上的高结合力及低内应力的化学镀铜液 |
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| GB920922A (en) | 1959-11-26 | 1963-03-13 | Canning & Co Ltd W | Nickel plating solutions |
| DE1243493B (de) * | 1961-02-04 | 1967-06-29 | Bayer Ag | Waessriges Bad zur chemischen Abscheidung von borhaltigen Metallueberzuegen |
| US3361580A (en) | 1963-06-18 | 1968-01-02 | Day Company | Electroless copper plating |
| GB1184123A (en) * | 1968-04-22 | 1970-03-11 | Elektrogeraetewerk Gornsdorf V | Process for Currentless Deposition of Copper Coatings |
| BE757573A (fr) | 1969-10-16 | 1971-04-15 | Philips Nv | Depot sans courant de cuivre flexible |
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| BE794048A (fr) | 1972-01-17 | 1973-07-16 | Dynachem Corp | Procede et solution de revetement de cuivre sans traitement electrique |
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| US3977884A (en) * | 1975-01-02 | 1976-08-31 | Shipley Company, Inc. | Metal plating solution |
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| GB8334226D0 (en) | 1983-12-22 | 1984-02-01 | Learonal Uk Ltd | Electrodeposition of gold alloys |
| JPS6280279A (ja) * | 1985-10-03 | 1987-04-13 | Taiyo Yuden Co Ltd | 化学銅メツキ液 |
| US4695505A (en) * | 1985-10-25 | 1987-09-22 | Shipley Company Inc. | Ductile electroless copper |
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| JP6176841B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-19 | 2017-08-09 | ローム・アンド・ハース電子材料株式会社 | 無電解銅めっき液 |
| US10060034B2 (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2018-08-28 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Electroless copper plating compositions |
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