TW202019402A - 可口服之修飾釋放藥物劑型 - Google Patents
可口服之修飾釋放藥物劑型 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明係有關一種包含(3S)-3-(4-氯-3-{[(2S,3R)-2-(4-氯苯基)-4,4,4-三氟-3-甲基丁醯基]胺基}苯基)-3-環丙基丙酸鈉之可口服的修飾釋放藥物劑型,及製備該劑型之方法,及其於治療及/或預防疾病,特別是治療及/或預防心臟、腎臟、肺臟與眼部疾患、中樞神經系統疾患、纖維化與發炎疾患、及代謝疾患上之用途。
Description
本發明係有關一種包含(3S)-3-(4-氯-3-{[(2S,3R)-2-(4-氯苯基)-4,4,4-三氟-3-甲基丁醯基]胺基}苯基)-3-環丙基丙酸鈉之可口服的修飾釋放藥物劑型,及製備該劑型之方法,及其於治療及/或預防疾病,特別是治療及/或預防心臟、腎臟、肺臟與眼睛疾患、中樞神經系統疾患、纖維化與發炎疾患、及代謝疾患上之用途。
WO 2012/139888於實例22中揭示式(I)化合物(3S)-3-(4-氯-3-{[(2S,3R)-2-(4-氯苯基)-4,4,4-三氟-3-甲基丁醯基]胺基}苯基)-3-環丙基丙酸
對需要長期治療之疾病或需要長期預防之疾病來說,需要儘可能地減少服藥頻率。此點不僅對患者方便,亦可因降低不規律服藥的缺點而提高治療可靠性。藉由劑型中活性成分之修飾釋放以延長血漿中的治療有效量,可達成所需之降低服藥頻率,例如:從一天投藥2次降為一天一次。
此外,服用活性成分的修飾釋放劑型後,可以因緩和血漿濃度時間曲線來預防副作用。藉由使波峰-波谷比值最小化,亦即避免在投與快速釋放醫藥型式後所常見之高血漿活性成分濃度,即可減少發生與濃度高峰相關之不期望副作用。因此,應該發展此等修飾釋放藥型。此時係選擇滲透釋放系統(osmotic release system),以確保在可變化之指定時間期內具有所需之均一、長效、及完全釋放活性成分之型態。相較於其他緩釋投藥系統,滲透釋放系統之特徵在於例如:可以藉由調整外殼厚度來彈性地調整釋放型態(Kaushal,A.M.,Garg,S.An Update on Osmotic Drug Delivery Patents.Pharmaceutical Technology.2003.13(1):8-97)。
滲透釋放系統亦稱為胃腸醫療系統(GITS)或口服滲透系統(OROS)。以滲透壓來控制長期持續且均一地釋放活性成分。
滲透釋放系統可以分成單腔系統(單元滲透幫浦)與雙腔系統(推拉系統)。
單腔系統中,由一或多種滲透活性物質與活性成分混合,並經壓縮。此等核心被具有至少一個孔洞的半通透膜所包圍。此半通透膜(下文中稱為外殼)係不讓核心組份通透,但可以讓水從外面藉由滲透壓來進入。滲入的水則藉由所形成之滲透壓,讓呈溶解或懸浮型之活性成分從外殼的一或多個孔洞釋出。實質上可以利用外殼的厚度與孔隙率、核心之組成、及孔洞之數量與大小,來控制整體活性成分釋放與釋放速率。
雙腔系統中,一個腔室係包含活性成分,另一個腔室係包含滲透活性物質。這兩個腔室係利用一個彈性隔離壁分開。此核心同樣被外殼包圍,該外殼在包含活性成分的腔室之一側具有至少一個孔洞。
滲透釋放系統之優點、調配態樣、使用型式、與製法資訊系統特別說明於下列公開文獻:
●Kaushal, A.M., Garg, S.: "An Update on Osmotic Drug Delivery Patents", Pharmaceutical Technology 2003, 13, 8-97.
●Kumar, P. and Mishra, B.: "An Overview of Recent Patents on Oral Osmotic Drug Delivery Systems", Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation 2007, 1, 236-255.
●Verma, R.K., Mishra, B., Garg, S.: "Osmotically controlled oral drug delivery", Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 2000, 26, 695-708.
●Verma, R.K., Krishna, D.M., Garg, S.: "Formulation aspects in the development of osmotically controlled oral drug delivery systems", Journal of Controlled Release 2002, 79, 7-27.
●Sareen. R., Jain, N., Kumar, D.: "An Insight to Osmotic Drug Delivery", Current Drug Delivery 2012, 9, 285-296.
●Malaterre, V., Ogorka, J., Loggia, N., Gurny, R.: "Oral osmotically driven systems: 30 years of development and clinical use", European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 2009, 73, 311-323.
●US 4,327,725
●US 4,765,989
●US 20030161882
●EP-A 1024793
本發明內容中,式(I)化合物應調配成滲透釋放系統型式,以達到長期持續且均一地釋放。
常用之親水性可膨脹聚合物,特別是用在雙腔系統上時,為聚環氧乙烷(WO 2006/072367)。意外地,式(I)化合物無法依一般方式使用聚環氧乙烷作為親水性可膨脹聚合物來調配成滲透釋放系統型式。在製備包含式(I)化合物之滲透釋放系統期間,在造粒過程中係遭遇到熔融現象。所造成的無效率製程係產生無法符合藥品要求與規格的劑型。
當使用式(I)化合物及以聚環氧乙烷作為親水性可膨脹聚合物時,在以軋輥進行乾式造粒過程中,觀察到有一部份之所得顆粒其一致性有改變。顆粒的組份彼此互相融合而生成類似固化熔融物之硬的類塑膠物質,其不適合進一步加工。必需放棄已計畫的製造過程。僅可在高度費力、消耗材料及時間下才可能藉由利用分離及過篩來粉碎已固化之熔融物,造成製造過程沒有效率,且無法可靠地製造具有可再現性醫藥品質之產品。
已經過高耗損過篩之含活性成份軋輥顆粒其進一步加工期間,於壓錠過程中係有更為不利的效應存在。早在進料斗中即觀察到「建橋(bridge
formation)」現象,此表示粒子之間基於其粗糙表面以致彼此抓在一起。因此,準備好用於壓縮的混合物必須另外攪拌才會流動。因此,準備好用於壓縮的混合物顆粒無法進行連續壓錠。此時,亦必需放棄該製造過程。壓錠機之機器部份如:沖床、模板、與旋轉台,顯示與用於壓縮之含活性成份混合物有緊密的附著。在從壓錠機射出時或在加工期間,少數所得錠劑顯現出頂裂(capping)的傾向,其中錠劑的上層或下層與主要部份係出現部份的或完全的剝離,形成一個帽頂。這種錠劑不符可接受的醫藥品質要求,且不再適合使用。
從造粒前之包含活性成份之粉末混合物、過篩前之類塑膠材料、粉碎及過篩後之類塑膠材料、及自研磨篩網上之殘質來取得各種不同樣本並加以分析時,係發現式(I)化合物含量有明顯的不同。從造粒前宣稱具有100%活性成分含量之含活性成份粉末混合物開始,樣本所顯示的含量以宣稱的活性成分含量計,係為107%至120%。該持續升高的含量值可能歸因於製造期間僅有一些軋輥顆粒熔化,以致式(I)化合物呈非均質型。活性成分含量出現此等偏差的藥物劑型係不可接受且不可用於進一步開發。必需假設粉末混合物所測量到的含量變異係亦會造成其所製成錠劑的含量變異,因此此等錠劑並不符合製藥上的要求,例如:含量均一性(Ph.Eur.第9版;2.9.40「Uniformity of Dosage Units」)。
驚人地發現,改用式(I)化合物之鈉鹽替代式(I)化合物,亦即改用式(II)(3S)-3-(4-氯-3-{[(2S,3R)-2-(4-氯苯基)-4,4,4-三氟-3-甲基丁醯基]胺基}苯基)-3-環丙基丙酸鈉
式(I)化合物與聚環氧乙烷之混合物相較於式(II)化合物與聚環氧乙烷之混合物之不同性能表現,亦可再藉由測定物質本身及依1:1比例研磨(二元混合物)之DSC(差示掃描量熱法)熱像圖來證實。可以在熱像圖中觀察到的變化即指示該粉末混合物之可加工性。包含等量之式(I)化合物與聚環氧乙烷的研磨物,沒有顯示可以代表式(I)化合物之熔融峰(圖1)。活性化合物之熔融峰消失、親水性可膨脹聚合物之熔融峰擴大、及提早出現熔融,均與所述及之可加工性缺陷相關。因此,熔融過程甚至早在50℃與60℃之間即開始。此等溫度可能發生在製備滲透釋放系統期間,並造成所說明之熔融現象。包含等量的式(II)化合物與聚環氧乙烷之研磨物除了出現聚環氧乙烷之熔融峰外,亦出現可代表式(II)化合物之熔融峰(圖2)。然而,研磨物中之式(II)化合物之熔融範圍縮小,該熔融範圍係在製備滲透釋放系統期間所未達到的溫度範圍。此外,與式(I)化合物相反,式(II)化合物不會降低聚環氧乙烷之熔融溫度。因此不會在此組合中觀察到熔融現象。式(II)化合物與黃原膠、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(Kollidon VA 64)、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮(PVP 25)、羥丙基纖維素(HPC LM)、甲基丙烯酸與甲基丙烯酸甲酯陰離子性共聚物(Eudragit L100,Eudragit RL PO)之1:1比例的研磨物,同樣顯示有位在較高溫度範圍之式(II)化合物熔融峰(圖3至圖8)。由於此等聚合物為非晶型物,因此沒有在測定範圍內觀察到可以代表聚合物之熔融峰。式(II)化合物與聚丙烯酸之研磨物熱像圖沒有顯示代表式(II)化合物之熔融峰(圖9)。此表示,在達到聚丙烯酸之玻璃轉化溫度後,式(II)化合物會隨溫度升高而溶解。因為玻璃轉化溫度為約106℃,因此使用聚丙烯酸作為親水性可膨脹聚合物之滲透釋放系統應該不會在製備期間出現熔融現象。
過去曾致力於製造式(I)化合物之許多種其他醫藥上可接受之鹽。此等鹽類包括式(I)化合物之鉀、氯、碳酸氫鹽、碳酸鈉、(二乙基胺基)乙醇、L-離胺酸、tris、N-甲基-D-葡萄糖胺、L-精胺酸、碳酸氫鈉、及碳酸氫
鉀等鹽類。當開發藥物劑型時,重要的是要求活性成分可以指定的晶型可再現性地被單離。因此非晶型物通常不適合製備藥物劑型,其等之熱動力學安定性低,且具有不利於調配藥物劑型之缺點,例如:微粉化性質差、膠黏性差、或壓錠性差。此外,活性成分之結晶型應具有可以再現之生體可用率,並在微粉化期間保持安定,因此不會發生轉化及再結晶。
已驚人地發現,僅式(I)化合物之鈉鹽可以得到結晶型,而式(II)化合物之鈉鹽之結晶型具有所說明之優點性質。下文中,此結晶型稱為式(II)化合物之修飾1結晶型。
所有測試之其他式(I)化合物鹽類均無法取得結晶型,因此式(II)化合物較適用於製備滲透釋放系統。
圖1出示式(I)化合物、聚環氧乙烷、及式(I)化合物與聚環氧乙烷之二元混合物之熱像圖。
圖2出示式(II)化合物、聚環氧乙烷、及式(II)化合物與聚環氧乙烷之二元混合物之熱像圖。
圖3出示式(II)化合物、黃原膠、及式(II)化合物與黃原膠之二元混合物之熱像圖。
圖4出示式(II)化合物、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、及式(II)化合物與乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物之二元混合物之熱像圖。
圖5出示式(II)化合物、PVP25、及式(II)化合物與PVP25之二元混合物之熱像圖。
圖6出示式(II)化合物、HPC LM、及式(II)化合物與HPC LC之二元混合物之熱像圖。
圖7出示式(II)化合物、Eudragit L100、及式(II)化合物與Eudragit L100之二元混合物之熱像圖。
圖8出示式(II)化合物、Eudragit RL PO、及式(II)化合物與Eudragit RL PO之二元混合物之熱像圖。
圖9出示式(II)化合物、聚丙烯酸、及式(II)化合物與聚丙烯酸之二元混合物之熱像圖。
圖10出示呈式(I)化合物結晶修飾1之X-射線繞射圖示。
圖11出示呈式(I)化合物結晶修飾1之IR光譜。
圖12出示滲透釋放系統1以時間為函數之式(II)化合物釋放百分比。
圖13出示滲透釋放系統2以時間為函數之式(II)化合物釋放百分比。
圖14出示滲透釋放系統3以時間為函數之式(II)化合物釋放百分比。
圖15出示滲透釋放系統4以時間為函數之式(II)化合物釋放百分比。
圖16出示滲透釋放系統5以時間為函數之式(II)化合物釋放百分比。
圖17出示滲透釋放系統6以時間為函數之式(II)化合物釋放百分比。
圖18出示滲透釋放系統7以時間為函數之式(II)化合物釋放百分比。
圖19出示滲透釋放系統8以時間為函數之式(II)化合物釋放百分比。
圖20出示滲透釋放系統9以時間為函數之式(II)化合物釋放百分比。
本發明提供一種包含式(II)的(3S)-3-(4-氯-3-{[(2S,3R)-2-(4-氯苯基)-4,4,4-三氟-3-甲基丁醯基]胺基}苯基)-3-環丙基丙酸鈉)之固體可口服之
修飾釋放藥物劑型,其特徵在於會在2至24小時,較佳係在4至20小時期間釋放80%的式(II)化合物,其係依據USP釋放方法(USP 39;第<711>章,Dissolution),使用裝置2(槳板)及「釋放性質(Release properties)」章節中之說明測定。
適用於調配式(II)化合物之滲透釋放系統型式為雙腔系統(推拉系統)與單腔系統(單元滲透幫浦)兩種。該雙腔系統與單腔系統兩者均由外殼包覆核心所組成,可視需要再包覆包衣。在滲透釋放系統中,式(II)化合物可呈結晶型、或非晶型,或呈包含結晶與非晶型部份之混合物。在滲透釋放系統中,式(II)化合物較佳係呈結晶型。在滲透釋放系統中,式(II)化合物較佳係呈微粉化型。
本發明進一步提供一種包含式(II)的(3S)-3-(4-氯-3-{[(2S,3R)-2-(4-氯苯基)-4,4,4-三氟-3-甲基丁醯基]胺基}苯基)-3-環丙基丙酸鈉)之固體可口服之修飾釋放藥物劑型,
本發明提供一種包含式(II)化合物之固體可口服之修飾釋放藥物劑型,其特徵在於該藥物劑型係基於滲透式單腔系統。
本發明提供一種包含式(II)化合物之固體可口服之修飾釋放藥物劑型,其特徵在於該藥物劑型係基於滲透式雙腔系統。
一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,且其中該核心包含式(II)化合物與至少一種親水性可膨脹聚合物。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,及其中該核心包含式(II)化合物與至少一種親水性可膨脹聚合物,較佳係選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、纖維素衍生物(例如:羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素或羧甲基纖維素鈉)、澱粉衍生物(例如:羧甲基澱粉鈉)、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、甲基丙烯酸共聚物(例如:甲基丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物)、與聚丙烯酸類,或較佳係選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、羧甲基澱粉鈉、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物與聚丙烯酸類。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,及其中該核心包含式(II)化合物、至少一種親水性可膨脹聚合物,較佳係選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、纖維素衍生物(例如:羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素或羧甲基纖維素鈉)、澱粉衍生物(例如:羧甲基澱粉鈉)、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、甲基丙烯酸共聚物(例如:甲基丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物)、與聚丙烯酸類,或較佳係選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、羧甲基澱粉鈉、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物與聚丙烯酸類,及可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑及視需要選用之滲透活性添加劑。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,及其中該核心包含式(II)化合物、至少一種親水性可膨脹聚合物,其係選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠與乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,或選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷與黃原膠,及可視需要選用之至少一種其他親水性可膨脹聚合物、可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑、與視需要選用之滲透活性添加劑。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,及
其中該核心包含式(II)化合物、親水性可膨脹聚合物聚環氧乙烷、可視需要選用之至少一種其他親水性可膨脹聚合物、可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑、與視需要選用之滲透活性添加劑。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,及其中該核心包含0.5%重量比至50%重量比之式(II)化合物、40%重量比至99.5%重量比之至少一種親水性可膨脹聚合物,較佳係選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、纖維素衍生物(例如:羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素或羧甲基纖維素鈉)、澱粉衍生物(例如:羧甲基澱粉鈉)、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、甲基丙烯酸共聚物(例如:甲基丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物)、與聚丙烯酸類,或選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、羧甲基澱粉鈉、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物與聚丙烯酸類,特別佳係聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠與乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,極佳係聚環氧乙烷,及可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑與視需要選用之滲透活性添加劑。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,及其中該核心包含1%重量比至40%重量比之式(II)化合物、50%重量比至99%重量比之至少一種親水性可膨脹聚合物,較佳係選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、纖維素衍生物(例如:羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素或羧甲基纖維素鈉)、澱粉衍生物(例如:羧甲基澱粉鈉)、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、甲基丙烯酸共聚物(例如:甲基丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物)、與聚丙烯酸類,或選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、羧甲基澱粉鈉、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物與聚丙烯酸類,特別佳係聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠與乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,極佳係聚環氧乙烷,及可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑與視需要選用之滲透活性添加劑。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,及其中該核心包含2%重量比至20%重量比之式(II)化合物、60%重量比至90%重量比之至少一種親水性可膨脹聚合物,較佳係選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、纖維素衍生物(例如:羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素或羧甲基纖維素鈉)、澱粉衍生物(例如:羧甲基澱粉鈉)、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、甲基丙烯酸共聚物(例如:甲基丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物)、與聚丙烯酸類,或選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、羧甲基澱粉鈉、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物與聚丙烯酸類,特別佳係聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠與乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,極佳係聚環氧乙烷,及可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑與視需要選用之滲透活性添加劑。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,及其中該核心包含2%重量比至10%重量比之式(II)化合物、70%重量比至85%重量比之至少一種親水性可膨脹聚合物,較佳係選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、纖維素衍生物(例如:羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素或羧甲基纖維素鈉)、澱粉衍生物(例如:羧甲基澱粉鈉)、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、甲基丙烯酸共聚物(例如:甲基丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物)、與聚丙烯酸類,或較佳係選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、羧甲基澱粉鈉、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物與聚丙烯酸類,特別佳係聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠與乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,極佳係聚環氧乙烷,及可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑與視需要選用之滲透活性添加劑。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,及其中該核心包含
●0.5%重量比至50%重量比之式(II)化合物,
●10%重量比至50%重量比之黃原膠,
●5%重量比至40%重量比之乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,
可視需要選用之至少一種其他親水性可膨脹聚合物、可視需要選用之至少一種其他醫藥上常用之輔劑、與視需要選用之滲透活性添加劑。
各例中重量百分比係基於該核心的總質量計。
較佳地,該滲透式單腔系統係包含親水性水可膨脹性聚合物黃原膠作為核心之基本組份之一。其係陰離子性雜多醣,可自商業上取得,例如:名稱為Rhodigel®(製造商Rhodia)或「Xanthan FN Lebensmittelqualität normal」(製造商Jungbunzlauer Ladenburg GmbH)。其含量為10至50%重量比,較佳係25至40%重量比,其係以核心組份的總質量計。
核心之其他基本組份為乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。此共聚物係本身已知者,可依任何所需單體混合比例來製造。例如:較適用之商品Kollidon® VA64(製造商BASF)係60:40共聚物。其通常所具有之重量平均分子量為約45 000至約70 000(其係由光散射測定法所測得)。核心中之乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物含量為5至40%重量比,較佳係15至25%重量比,其係以核心組份的總質量計。
適當時可額外存在於核心中之親水性可膨脹聚合物為例如:羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、羧甲基澱粉鈉、聚丙烯酸類或其鹽。
本發明進一步提供一種製備滲透釋放系統之方法,其特徵在於由核心之組份係互相混合、造粒及壓錠,所得核心係包覆外殼,最後在外殼上形成一或多個適合式(II)化合物釋出之孔洞。
本發明進一步提供一種製備根據本發明的滲透式單腔系統之方法,其中由核心之組份係互相混合,可視需要進行濕式或乾式造粒,接著進行壓錠,所得核心係包覆外殼。外殼在活性化合物之一側具有一或多個孔洞。或者,可在此製程步驟省去形成一或多個孔洞,並先包覆例如:遮光性包衣與/或有色包衣。此時,僅在另外包覆一或多層包衣後,才在錠劑的兩側分別提供一個孔洞,其分別從外部通達內核心,亦即穿透包衣與外殼,並適合式(II)化合物釋出。
本發明之較佳實施例中,當製造滲透式單腔系統時,核心組份係進行濕式造粒法,因為此製程步驟所產生之錠劑核心組份具有較佳的濕化性,因而讓胃腸道流體較易滲入核心,通常會使活性成分的釋放能更快速且更完全。
另一項實施例中,滲透釋放系統之核心係由兩層組成,一個活性成分層與一個滲透層。此類型滲透式雙腔系統係詳細說明於例如:DE 3417113C2、WO 2006/072367或WO 2010/060564,其等揭示內容已以引用之方式併入本文中。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,及其中該核心係由活性成分層與滲透層組成。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,其中該核心係由活性成分層與滲透層組成,該活性成分層為黏度為40至100mPa.s之聚環氧乙烷(於5%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定),及滲透層之至少一種親水性可膨脹聚合物為黏度為5000至8000mPa.s之聚環氧乙烷(於1%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定)。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,及其中該核心係由活性成分層與滲透層組成,且該活性成分層包含1%重量比至50%重量比之式(II)化合物、20%重量比至99%重量比之至少一種親水性可膨脹聚合物,較佳係選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、纖維素衍生物(例如:羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素或羧甲基纖維素鈉)、澱粉衍生物(例如:羧甲基澱粉鈉)、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、甲基丙烯酸共聚物(例如:甲基丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物)、與聚丙烯酸類,或選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、羧甲基澱粉鈉、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物與聚丙烯酸類,特別佳係聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠與乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,極佳係聚環氧乙烷,及可視需要選用之至少一種滲透活性添加劑與可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑。
另一項實施例中,該活性成分層包含1%重量比至45%重量比(較佳係1%重量比至30%重量比,特別佳係2%重量比至20%重量比)之式(II)化合物、30%重量比至99%重量比(較佳係50%重量比至99%重量比,特別佳係60%重量比至98%重量比)之至少一種親水性可膨脹聚合物、可視需要選用之至少一種滲透活性添加劑、與可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,及其中該核心係由活性成分層與滲透層組成,且該活性成分層包含1%重量比至50%重量比之式(II)化合物、20%重量比至99%重量比之聚環氧乙烷,較佳係黏度為40至100mPa.s之聚環氧乙烷(於5%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定),及可視需要選用之至少一種其他親水性可膨脹聚合物、可視需要選用之至少一種滲透活性添加劑、與可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,及其中該核心係由活性成分層與滲透層組成,且該活性成分層包含1%重量比至45%重量比之式(II)化合物、30%重量比至99%重量比之聚環氧乙烷,較佳係黏度為40至100mPa.s之聚環氧乙烷(於5%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定),及可視需要選用之至少一種其他親水性可膨脹聚合物、可視需要選用之至少一種滲透活性添加劑、與可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,及其中該核心係由活性成分層與滲透層組成,且該活性成分層包含1%重量比至30%重量比之式(II)化合物、50%重量比至99%重量比之聚環氧乙烷,較佳係黏度為40至100mPa.s之聚環氧乙烷(於5%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定),及可視需要選用之至少一種其他親水性可膨脹聚合物、可視需要選用之至少一種滲透活性添加劑、與可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,及其中該核心係由活性成分層與滲透層組成,且該活性成分層包含2%重量比至
20%重量比之式(II)化合物、60%重量比至98%重量比之聚環氧乙烷,較佳係黏度為40至100mPa.s之聚環氧乙烷(於5%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定),及可視需要選用之至少一種其他親水性可膨脹聚合物、可視需要選用之至少一種滲透活性添加劑、與可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑。
於各例中,該重量百分比係基於活性成分層的總質量計。
黏度為40至100mPa.s之聚環氧乙烷(於5%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定),其黏度較佳係採用合適之布氏黏度計(Brookfield viscosimeter)與合適轉軸,在合適轉速下測定;特別是採用機型RVT之布氏黏度計與1號轉軸,在50rpm轉速下測定,或使用類似機型,在對應條件下(轉軸,轉速)測定。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,及其中該核心係由上述一個活性成分層與滲透層所組成,其中該滲透層包含40%重量比至90%重量比(較佳係50%重量比至80%重量比)之至少一種親水性可膨脹聚合物,較佳係選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、纖維素衍生物(例如:羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素或羧甲基纖維素鈉)、澱粉衍生物(例如:羧甲基澱粉鈉)、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、甲基丙烯酸共聚物(例如:甲基丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物)、與聚丙烯酸類,或選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、羧甲基澱粉鈉、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物與聚丙烯酸類,較佳係聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠與乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,極佳係聚環氧乙烷,及10%重量比至60%重量比(較佳係20%重量比至50%重量比)之至少一種滲透活性添加劑與可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑。
滲透層中使用之親水性可膨脹聚合物較佳係聚環氧乙烷。以黏度為5000至8000mPa.s之聚環氧乙烷(於1%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定)特別佳。
黏度為5000至8000mPa.s之聚環氧乙烷(於1%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定),其黏度較佳係使用合適布氏黏度計與合適轉軸,於合適轉速下
測定,特別是使用機型RVF之布氏黏度計與2號轉軸,在2rpm轉速下測定,或使用類似機型,在對應條件下(轉軸,轉速)測定。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,及其中該核心係由活性成分層與滲透層組成,其中該活性成分層包含0.5%重量比至65%重量比之式(II)化合物、20%重量比至99.5%重量比之至少一種親水性可膨脹聚合物,較佳係選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、纖維素衍生物(例如:羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素或羧甲基纖維素鈉)、澱粉衍生物(例如:羧甲基澱粉鈉)、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、甲基丙烯酸共聚物(例如:甲基丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物)、與聚丙烯酸類,或選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、羧甲基澱粉鈉、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物與聚丙烯酸類,較佳係聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠與乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,極特別佳係聚環氧乙烷,及可視需要選用之至少一種滲透活性添加劑與可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑,及該滲透層包含40%重量比至90%重量比之至少一種親水性可膨脹聚合物,較佳係選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、纖維素衍生物(例如:羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素或羧甲基纖維素鈉)、澱粉衍生物(例如:羧甲基澱粉鈉)、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、甲基丙烯酸共聚物(例如:甲基丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物)、與聚丙烯酸類,或選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、羧甲基澱粉鈉、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物與聚丙烯酸類,較佳係聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠與乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,極特別佳係聚環氧乙烷,及10%重量比至60%重量比之滲透活性添加劑與可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,及其中該核心係由活性成分層與滲透層組成,其中該活性成分層包含1%重量比至50%重量比之式(II)化合物、20%重量比至99%重量比之聚環氧乙烷,較佳
係黏度為40至100mPa.s之聚環氧乙烷(於5%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定)、及可視需要選用之至少一種滲透活性添加劑與可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑,該滲透層包含40%重量比至90%重量比之聚環氧乙烷,較佳係黏度為5000至8000mPa.s之聚環氧乙烷(於1%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定),及10%重量比至60%重量比之滲透活性添加劑與可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑。
另一項實施例中,該活性成分層包含1%重量比至45%重量比(較佳係1%重量比至30%重量比,特別佳係2%重量比至20%重量比)之式(II)化合物、30%重量比至99%重量比(較佳係50%重量比至99%重量比,特別佳係60%重量比至98%重量比)之黏度為40至100mPa.s之聚環氧乙烷(於5%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定)、可視需要選用之至少一種滲透活性添加劑、與可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑,且該滲透層包含40%重量比至90%重量比(較佳係50%重量比至80%重量比)之黏度為5000至8000mPa.s之聚環氧乙烷(於1%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定)、10%重量比至60%重量比(較佳係20%重量比至50%重量比)之至少一種滲透活性添加劑與可視需要選用至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由核心與外殼組成,其中該外殼係由不讓核心組份通透之透水材料組成,且具有至少一個孔洞,及其中該核心係由活性成分層與滲透層組成,其中該活性成分層包含2%重量比至20%重量比之式(II)化合物、60%重量比至98%重量比之黏度為40至100mPa.s之聚環氧乙烷(於5%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定)、及可視需要選用之至少一種滲透活性添加劑與可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑,且該滲透層包含50%重量比至80%重量比之黏度為5000至8000mPa.s之聚環氧乙烷(於1%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定)、20%重量比至50%重量比之滲透活性添加劑與可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統係由上述一種滲透釋放系統組成,其中該外殼係由乙酸纖維素或乙酸纖維素與聚乙二醇之混合物組成。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統為上述一種滲透釋放系統,其在2至24小時後(較佳係在4至20小時後,特別佳係在5小時至16小時後)
釋放80%之式(II)化合物(其係依據USP釋放方法(USP 39;第<711>章,Dissolution),使用裝置2(槳板)及「釋放性質(Release properties)」章節中之說明測定)。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統為上述一種滲透釋放系統,其中該滲透釋放系統符合含量均一性的要求(Ph.Eur.第9版;2.9.40「Uniformity of Dosage Units」)。
另一項實施例中,該滲透釋放系統為上述一種滲透釋放系統,其中該滲透釋放系統中式(II)化合物之百分比標準偏差係小於7%,較佳係小於6%,更佳係小於5%,最佳係小於4%,其係由n=10之個別測定之含量所計算。
本發明內容中,親水性可膨脹聚合物係為熟悉此相關技藝之人士已知之所有吸水可膨脹之醫藥上可接受的聚合物化合物。較佳係使用至少一種選自下列各物所組成之列表中之親水性可膨脹聚合物:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、纖維素衍生物(例如:羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素或羧甲基纖維素鈉)、澱粉衍生物(例如:羧甲基澱粉鈉)、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、甲基丙烯酸共聚物(例如:甲基丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物)、與聚丙烯酸類,或選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、纖維素衍生物(例如:羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素或羧甲基纖維素鈉)、澱粉衍生物(例如:羧甲基澱粉鈉)、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮與甲基丙烯酸共聚物(例如:甲基丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物)。
此外,較佳係使用至少一種選自下列各物所組成之列表中之親水性可膨脹聚合物:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、羧甲基澱粉鈉、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物與聚丙烯酸類,或選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、羧甲基澱粉鈉與乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物;特別佳係使用黃原膠、聚環氧乙烷與乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物或其混合物。
此外,較佳係使用至少一種選自下列各物所組成之列表中之親水性可膨脹聚合物:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、Kollidon VA 64、PVP 25、Eudragit
L100、Eudragit RL PO、HPC LM與聚丙烯酸,或選自下列各物所組成之列表中:聚環氧乙烷、黃原膠、Kollidon VA 64、PVP 25、Eudragit L100、Eudragit RL PO與HPC LM;特別佳係使用聚環氧乙烷。
此外,特別佳係使用至少一種選自下列各物所組成之列表中之親水性可膨脹聚合物:聚環氧乙烷(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Macrogols,High Molecular Mass」;黏度5000至8000mPa.s;於1%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定);POLYOXTM Water-Soluble Resin NF WSR N-80(水溶性樹脂NF WSR N-80;Dow)與聚環氧乙烷(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Macrogols,High Molecular Mass」;黏度40至100mPa.s;於5%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定;POLYOXTM Water-Soluble Resin NF WSR N-80;Dow)。
本發明內容中,適合作為親水性可膨脹聚合物之澱粉衍生物為玉米、小麥、米、與馬鈴薯澱粉、經取代澱粉(如:羧甲基澱粉與其鹽)、羥乙基澱粉或其混合物。
本發明內容中,適合作為親水性可膨脹聚合物之纖維素衍生物為甲基纖維素(MC)、羥甲基丙基纖維素(HPMC)、羥丙基纖維素(HPC)、羧甲基纖維素-鈉(Na-CMC)、羥乙基纖維素(HEC)或其混合物。
所述及之親水性可膨脹聚合物可以取本身使用,或與其他親水性可膨脹聚合物組合使用。
或者,有些親水性可膨脹聚合物可以在核心中作為醫藥上可接受之輔劑使用,例如作為結合劑或崩解劑。若基於核心之質量計,此等物質在核心中之比例為10%或更高時,則此等物質在本發明內容中即為親水性可膨脹聚合物。
本發明內容中,滲透活性添加劑為例如:所有可接受用於製藥界之水可溶性物質,如,例如:於「Hager」及「Remington Pharmaceutical Science」等藥典或其他文獻(Sareen.R.,Jain,N.,Kumar,D.,Current Drug Delivery,9,(2012),285-296)中述及之水可溶性輔劑。特定言之,可能使用無機酸或有機酸之水溶性鹽類或高水溶解度之非離子性有機物質,舉例來說係例如碳水化合物,尤指糖類、糖醇類或胺基酸類。舉例來說,滲透活性添加劑可以選自無機鹽類,如鹼金屬或鹼土金屬(諸如鋰、鈉、鉀、鎂、鈣)之氯化物、硫酸鹽、碳酸鹽、與碳酸氫鹽,及其磷酸鹽、磷酸氫鹽、或磷酸二氫鹽、
乙酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、或抗壞血酸鹽。此外,亦可能使用五碳糖類(如:阿拉伯糖、核糖、或木糖)、六碳糖類(如:葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖、或甘露糖)、雙醣類(如:蔗糖、麥芽糖或乳糖),或三醣類(如:棉子糖)。水可溶性胺基酸類包括甘胺酸、白胺酸、丙胺酸、或甲硫胺酸。較佳係使用氯化鈉。
本發明內容中,醫藥上常用之輔劑為例如:緩衝劑(如:碳酸氫鈉)、結合劑(如:羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮或乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(Kollidon® VA64))、崩解劑(如:羧甲基澱粉鈉)、潤滑劑(如:硬脂酸鎂)、濕化劑(如:月桂基硫酸鈉)、流動調節劑(如:細粉化矽石)、保護性膠體(其例如係說明於EP-B-0277092(p.5,第10-25行))、增塑劑(其說明於例如:EP-B-0277092(p.5,第29-32行))、界面活性劑(其說明於例如:EP-B-0277092(p.5,第33-44行))、載體材料(其說明於例如:EP-B-0277092(p.5,第45-47行))、及一或多種著色色素,舉例來說係例如:含在活性成分層與滲透層兩層中其中一層以供區分兩者之氧化鐵。合適之保護性膠體為例如:甲基化纖維素衍生物,例如:甲氧基含量為約27.0至32.0%及取代度為約1.75至2.1之甲基纖維素,或甲氧基含量約16.0-30.0%及羥基甲氧基含量為4.0-32.0%之甲基羥丙基纖維素。合適之增塑劑為例如:甘油、檸檬酸三乙酯、酞酸二乙酯或癸二酸二乙酯。合適之界面活性劑為例如:下列物質的陰離子性界面活性劑:烷基硫酸鹽型(例如:正十二烷基硫酸、正十四烷基硫酸、正十六烷基硫酸或正十八烷基硫酸之鈉、鉀或鎂鹽)、烷基醚硫酸鹽(例如:正十二烷基氧乙基硫酸、正十四烷基氧乙基硫酸、正十六烷基氧乙基硫酸或正十八烷基氧乙基硫酸之鈉、鉀或鎂鹽),或烷基磺酸鹽(例如:正十二碳烷磺酸、正十四碳烷磺酸、正十六碳烷磺酸或正十八碳烷磺酸之鈉、鉀或鎂鹽)。此外,合適之界面活性劑亦為脂肪酸聚羥基醇酯型之非離子性界面活性劑,如:山梨糖醇酐單月桂酸酯、-油酸酯、-硬脂酸酯、或-棕櫚酸酯,山梨糖醇酐三硬脂酸酯或三油酸酯,脂肪酸聚羥基醇酯之聚氧乙烯加合物,如:聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐單月桂酸酯、-油酸酯、-硬脂酸酯、-棕櫚酸酯、三硬脂酸酯或三油酸酯,聚乙二醇脂肪酯,如:聚氧乙基硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇400硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇2000硬脂酸酯,特別是Pluronics®(BWC)或Synperonic®(ICI)型之環氧乙烷氧化丙烯嵌段聚合物。合適之載體材料為例
如:乳糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、澱粉(例如:馬鈴薯澱粉、玉米澱粉或支鏈澱粉)、或纖維素。
在單腔系統與雙腔系統二者中,滲透活性成分釋放系統之外殼係由形成不讓核心組份通透之透水性膜之材料所組成。此等外殼材料係原則上為已知,且說明於例如EP1024793。適用為外殼之材料為例如丙烯基化纖維素衍生物。
丙烯基化纖維素衍生物(纖維素酯類)為經乙醯基單取代至三取代,或經乙醯基單取代或二取代,且再經一個不同於乙醯基之其他醯基所取代之纖維素,例如是乙酸纖維素、三乙酸纖維素、乙酸纖維素乙基胺甲酸酯、乙酸纖維素酞酸酯、乙酸纖維素甲基胺甲酸酯、乙酸纖維素琥珀酸酯、乙酸纖維素二甲基胺基乙酸酯、乙酸纖維素乙基碳酸酯、乙酸纖維素氯乙酸酯、乙酸纖維素乙基草酸酯、乙酸纖維素甲基磺酸酯、乙酸纖維素丁基磺酸酯、乙酸纖維素丙酸酯、乙酸纖維素二乙基胺基乙酸酯、纖維素乙醯乙酸酯、乙酸纖維素月桂酸酯、乙酸纖維素對甲苯磺酸酯、乙酸纖維素丁酸酯,及來自纖維素醚類群中之外殼材料,如乙基纖維素或其他乙酸纖維素衍生物,及瓊脂乙酸酯與直鏈澱粉乙酸酯。
合適之外殼材料亦為乙基纖維素與聚合性環氧化物、伸烷基氧化物與烷基縮水甘油基醚之共聚物、聚二醇類與聚乳酸衍生物,及其他衍生物。此外,亦可能使用本身不可溶於水之丙烯酸酯之混合物(例如:丙烯酸乙酯與甲基丙烯酸甲酯之共聚物)。
本發明內容中,較適用之外殼材料為乙酸纖維素,或乙酸纖維素與聚乙二醇之混合物。
用於製造滲透式藥物釋放系統外殼之用量與組成,係依已知方式來影響胃腸流體進入的速率。原則上,胃腸流體進入的速率會隨外殼材料用量增加而下降。
若需要時,可在外殼上施加包衣(例如:遮光性及/或有色包衣)。舉例來說,特別合適之材料為如聚乙烯醇、羥丙基纖維素與/或羥丙基甲基纖維素,若適當時可組合使用合適之增塑劑(舉例來說係例如:聚乙二醇或聚丙二醇),及色素(舉例來說係例如:二氧化鈦或氧化鐵)。舉例來說:可述及之膜衣塗佈法為先取聚乙烯基醇與聚乙二醇3350在室溫下溶於水中,並攪拌混
合。慢慢攪拌並添加滑石、二氧化鈦與氧化鐵。舉例來說可以使用例如合適的塗佈單元(例如:平滑塗佈機)來施加塗佈懸浮液至錠劑核心上。或者,改用糖衣包覆。一般來說,係使用水性或有機塗佈基質來施加此等塗層。本發明內容中,術語塗佈亦包括採用其他替代方法(例如:無溶劑製法)來施加外殼塗層。
所採用塗層亦可為最終塗層。其等已包含輔劑之混合物,並溶於水中,然後塗佈。可述及之實例為Opadry II 85F230009 Orange(以Colorcon PVA為主之最終塗層),其包含部份水解之聚乙烯基醇、滑石、聚乙二醇(PEG 3350)、二氧化鈦、紅色氧化鐵、黃色氧化鐵、與聚山梨酸酯80(Tween 80)。
本發明滲透式藥物釋放系統之外殼具有至少一個孔洞或通道,讓活性成分與其他核心組份一起慢慢通過並釋出。採用雷射鑽孔機、機械鑽孔機,或例如藉由沖孔(punching),在外殼上形成孔洞。外殼中可具有一或多個孔洞。孔洞尺寸(直徑)較佳係0.2至1.6mm,特別佳係0.3至1.2mm。製造孔洞之性質與方法係本身已知,且說明於例如:US 4063064、US 4088864、US 3916899或EP-B-0277092。該可視需要存在之塗層同樣可具有一或多個孔洞。
在所說明之實施例中較適用之滲透活性添加劑為至少一種無機酸或有機酸之水溶性鹽類,特別佳係氯化鈉。
在所說明之實施例中,較適用之醫藥上常用輔劑為結合劑(例如:羥丙基纖維素)、潤滑劑(如:硬脂酸鎂)、流動調節劑(如:細粉化矽石)、與有色色素(例如:氧化鐵)。
製備滲透式雙腔系統時,舉例來說其可能:混合活性成分層的組份,進行濕式或乾式造粒(較佳係乾式造粒),混合滲透層組份並造粒後,在雙層壓錠機上壓縮兩組顆粒以形成雙層錠劑。所得的內核心接著包覆外殼。外殼在活性化合物的一側係具有一或多個孔洞。或者,可在此製程步驟省去形成一或多個孔洞。此時,僅在塗佈一或多層包衣後,才在錠劑的兩側分別提供一個孔洞,其分別從外部通達內核心,亦即穿透包衣與外殼。
較佳地,在製造滲透式雙腔系統時,活性成分層的組份與滲透層組份二者可以分別造粒,特別是採用軋輥造粒。
本發明進一步提供一種製備上述滲透釋放系統之方法,其特徵在於將核心之組份係互相混合、造粒並壓錠,所得核心係以外殼包覆,最後在外殼上形成一或多個適合式(II)化合物釋出之孔洞。
本發明進一步提供一種製備上述滲透釋放系統之方法,其特徵在於混合活性成分層之組份並造粒,混合滲透層之組份並造粒,隨後在雙層壓錠機上壓縮兩組顆粒,以形成雙層錠劑,所得核心係接著包覆外殼,外殼在活性化合物的一側具有一或多個孔洞。
基於活性成分之生理化學性質,根據本發明較佳係滲透式雙腔系統(推拉系統),其中活性成分層與滲透層係經分隔,例如較佳係調配成雙層錠劑。此時,相較於滲透式單腔系統其優點在於,長期下更為均一的釋放速率,並降低全身得到過量活性成分之可能性。
本發明進一步提供式(II)化合物:(3S)-3-(4-氯-3-{[(2S,3R)-2-(4-氯苯基)-4,4,4-三氟-3-甲基丁醯基]胺基}苯基)-3-環丙基丙酸鈉
本文亦提供呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物,其特徵在於該化合物之X-射線繞射圖具有之2θ角最高峰出現在8.1、22.3與22.6°。
本文亦提供呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物,其特徵在於該化合物之X-射線繞射圖具有之2θ角最高峰出現在8.1、17.2、18.8、22.3與22.6°。
本文亦提供呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物,其特徵在於該化合物之X-射線繞射圖具有之2θ角最高峰出現在6.5、8.1、17.2、18.8、22.3、22.6與25.5°。
本文亦提供呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物,其特徵在於該化合物之X-射線繞射圖具有之2θ角最高峰出現在6.5、8.1、16.4、17.2、18.0、18.8、19.4、22.3、22.6與25.5°。
本文亦提供呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物,其特徵在於該化合物之IR光譜具有之最強波帶出現在3381、1691與1565cm-1。
本文亦提供呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物,其特徵在於該化合物之IR光譜具有之最強波帶出現在3381、1691、1565、1524與1419cm-1。
本文亦提供呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物,其特徵在於該化合物之IR光譜具有之最強波帶出現在3381、3066、1691、1565、1524、1419與1101cm-1。
本文亦提供呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物,其特徵在於該化合物之IR光譜具有之最強波帶出現在3381、3066、2975、1691、1565、1524、1419、1135、1101與817cm-1。
呈結晶修飾1之式(II)化合物可由式(I)化合物製備。呈非晶型之式(I)化合物製法係揭示於WO 2012/139888之實例22。呈結晶型之式(I)化合物製法係揭示於EP17204842.3(公開為WO 2019/105881)。呈非晶型之式(I)化合物與呈結晶型之式(I)化合物二者均同樣適合用於下文說明之製程中來製備呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物。
當由式(I)化合物來製備式(II)化合物時,式(I)化合物會有差向異構化形成式(III)的(3S)-3-(4-氯-3-{[(2R,3R)-2-(4-氯苯基)-4,4,4-三氟-3-甲基丁醯基]胺基}苯基)-3-環丙基丙酸之風險,
或者式(II)化合物會有差向異構化形成式(IV)的(3S)-3-(4-氯-3-{[(2R,3R)-2-(4-氯苯基)-4,4,4-三氟-3-甲基丁醯基]胺基}苯基)-3-環丙基丙酸鈉之風險,
因此,舉例來說,當使用氫氧化鈉水溶液或當使用甲醇或乙醇作為溶劑來製備式(II)化合物時,會出現顯著的差向異構化。因此,會在此等反應中產生對應產量之式(III)與(IV)化合物,因而降低所欲之式(II)化合物產量。因此,應避免差向異構化。下文說明之反應中,係驚人地降低此副反應。
製備呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物時,較佳地係在保護性氣體環境(例如:在氮氣環境)下,將式(I)化合物溶於極性非質子性溶劑。適用之極性非質子性溶劑為例如:乙腈、甲苯、甲基第三丁基醚(MTBE)或四氫呋喃(THF);較佳係使用乙腈。接著使用氫氧化鈉,期較佳係呈固體型式。攪拌混合物,期較佳係攪拌數小時。過濾後,使用極性非質子性溶劑洗滌所得固體並乾燥。
特定言之,所選用之溶劑、氫氧化鈉用量及使用之固體態氫氧化鈉,均可以在合成期間降低不期望之式(I)化合物之差向異構化。
特別在生產相當大量(公斤規模)之式(II)化合物時,可能有一部份的氫氧化鈉固體未在反應期間轉化,且在過濾後,仍得到殘留之固體。因此,另一種製法(製法2)係被開發出來。
替代之製法中,式(I)化合物係(較佳在保護性氣體環境下,例如在氮氣環境下)溶於極性非質子性溶劑,且較佳係經過濾。適用之極性非質
子性溶劑為例如:乙腈、甲苯、甲基第三丁基醚(MTBE)或四氫呋喃(THF);較佳係使用乙腈。該溶液係經冷卻(較佳係在-20℃至50℃下,特別佳係在-10℃至10℃,極佳係0℃下冷卻),並添加已溶於適當極性非質子性溶劑中且需要立體空間之烷醇鈉,例如:第三丁醇鈉或2-甲基丁-2-醇鈉。以式(I)化合物為基準計,該需要立體空間之烷醇鈉較佳用量為0.7至1.0莫耳當量,特別佳係0.9至1.0莫耳當量,及極佳係0.98莫耳當量。適用之極性非質子性溶劑為例如:乙腈、甲苯、甲基第三丁基醚(MTBE)、2-甲基四氫呋喃或四氫呋喃(THF);較佳係使用THF。在添加需要立體空間之烷醇鈉期間,可以添加呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物晶種。此舉使沉澱更有效率且有更高的產率。該晶種可以依例如:製法1所製備。混合物在-20℃至20℃(較佳係-5℃至5℃,特別佳係0℃)下攪拌,較佳係攪拌數小時。過濾後,使用極性非質子性溶劑洗滌所得固體及乾燥。
驚人地,與式(I)化合物用量相關之鹼其用量會強烈影響差向異構化的程度。以相對於式(I)化合物之0.7至1.0莫耳當量(較佳係0.9至1.0莫耳當量,且特別佳係0.98莫耳當量)之鹼係為有利。
或者,呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物製法可以將非晶型的式(II)化合物或式(II)化合物之另一種修飾溶於極性溶劑(例如:四氫呋喃、異丙醇或甲醇)中,隨後進行結晶。
本發明提供製備修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物的方法,其特徵在於將式(I)化合物溶於極性非質子性溶劑中,添加選自由氫氧化鈉或需要立體空間之烷醇鈉所組成列表中之鹼,攪拌後所沉澱出的固體係經單離並乾燥。
本發明提供製備呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物之方法,其特徵在於將式(I)化合物在本例中溶於極性非質子性溶劑,添加選自由氫氧化鈉或需要立體空間之烷醇鈉所組成列表中之鹼,攪拌後所沉澱出的固體係經單離並乾燥。
本發明提供製備呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物之方法,其特徵在於將式(I)化合物在本例中溶於極性非質子性溶劑(較佳係乙腈、甲苯、甲基第三丁基醚(MTBE)或四氫呋喃(THF),特別佳係乙腈),添加選自由氫氧化
鈉或需要立體空間之烷醇鈉所組成列表中之鹼,攪拌後所沉澱出的固體係經單離並乾燥。
若所使用之鹼為氫氧化鈉時,較佳係使用固體型式之氫氧化鈉。
本發明提供製備呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物之方法,其特徵在於將式(I)化合物在本例中溶於乙腈中,添加呈固體型式之氫氧化鈉,攪拌後單離出沉澱固體並乾燥。
以式(I)化合物為基準計,鹼之較佳用量為0.7至1.0莫耳當量,特別佳係0.9至1.0莫耳當量,及極佳係0.98莫耳當量。
需要立體空間之烷醇鈉包括熟悉此相關技藝之人士習知之所有合適烷醇鈉,其化學結構比甲醇鈉或乙醇鈉更複雜。較佳之需要立體空間之烷醇鈉為例如:第三丁醇鈉或2-甲基丁-2-醇鈉。
本發明提供製備呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物之方法,其特徵在於該需要立體空間之烷醇鈉為第三丁醇鈉或2-甲基丁-2-醇鈉。
本發明提供製備呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物之方法,其特徵在於將式(I)化合物在本例中溶於極性非質子性溶劑(較佳係乙腈、甲苯、甲基第三丁基醚(MTBE)或四氫呋喃(THF),特別佳係乙腈),添加選自由氫氧化鈉、第三丁醇鈉與2-甲基丁-2-醇鈉所組成列表中之鹼,攪拌後單離出沉澱固體並乾燥。
本發明提供製備呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物之方法,其特徵在於將式(I)化合物在本例中,溶於乙腈,添加第三丁醇鈉,攪拌後單離出沉澱固體並乾燥。
本發明提供製備呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物之方法,其特徵在於將式(I)化合物在本例中溶於乙腈,添加2-甲基丁-2-醇鈉,攪拌後單離出沉澱固體並乾燥。
以式(I)化合物為基準計,該鹼之較佳用量係0.7至1.0莫耳當量,特別佳係0.9至1.0莫耳當量,極佳係0.98莫耳當量。
本發明提供製備呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物之方法,其特徵在於將式(I)化合物在本例中溶於乙腈,添加第三丁醇鈉,以式(I)化合物為
基準計,其添加量為0.7至1.0莫耳當量,特別佳係0.9至1.0莫耳當量,極佳係0.98莫耳當量。攪拌後單離出沉澱固體並乾燥。
本發明提供製備呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物之方法,其特徵在於將式(I)化合物在本例中溶於乙腈,添加2-甲基丁-2-醇鈉,以式(I)化合物為基準計,其添加量為0.7至1.0莫耳當量,特別佳係0.9至1.0莫耳當量,極佳係0.98莫耳當量。攪拌後單離出沉澱固體並乾燥。
鹼的添加及隨後的攪拌,其係分別獨立在-20℃至50℃(較佳係-20℃至20℃,特別佳係-10℃至10℃,極佳係0℃)之溫度下進行。
可視需要,在反應期間添加呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物之晶種。
根據本發明式(II)化合物與根據本發明劑型具有有價值之藥理性質,可用於治療及/或預防人類與動物之疾患。
本發明內容中,術語「治療」或「處理」包括抑制、延遲、檢查、減緩、減弱、限制、降低、壓制、排除或治癒疾病、病症、疾患、損傷或健康問題、或此等狀態與/或此等狀態之症狀之發展、過程或惡化。咸了解,此時術語「療法」係術語「「治療」之同義字。
在本發明內容中,術語「預防」、「防止」或「排除」係以同義字使用,並意指避免或降低染上、經歷、罹患或患有疾病、病症、疾患、損傷或健康問題、或此等狀態與/或此等狀態之症狀之發展或漸進之風險。
可以部份或完全治療或預防疾病、病症、疾患、損傷或健康問題。
根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,可以舒張血管、抑制血小板凝集及降低血壓,並增加冠狀動脈之血流與微循環。此等效應係經由可溶性鳥苷酸環化酶不依賴血紅素之直接活化作用及提高之細胞內cGMP含量所介導。
根據本發明的式(II)化合物及根據本發明的劑型,特別適用於治療及/或預防腎臟與心腎疾患(特別是慢性腎臟病(CKD)與糖尿病性腎臟病(DKD))、心臟與心血管疾患(特別是心臟衰竭(HFpEF與HFrEF))、心肌梗塞、心絞痛、心肌病變、高血壓與動脈硬化、肺與心肺疾患(特別是肺高血壓(PH))、中樞神經系統疾患(特別是失智症)、骨疾患(特別是成骨不全)、血栓栓塞性疾
患、肌營養不良症、局部缺血、血管疾患、微循環受損、纖維化疾患(特別是全身性硬化症),特別是與年齡相關的黃斑變性、炎性疾患與代謝疾患(特別是代謝症候群、血脂異常、與糖尿病)。
根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,可用於治療及/或預防心臟病、心血管與心肺疾患,舉例來說諸如:高血壓(血壓高)、心臟衰竭、冠心病、穩定與不穩定型心絞痛、肺動脈高血壓(PAH)與繼發性肺高血壓(PH)、慢性血栓栓塞性肺高血壓(CTEPH)、腎性高血壓、外周與心臟血管疾患、心律不整、心房與心室心律不整及傳導受損,舉例來說諸如:I-III級房室傳導阻滯、上心室心搏過快、心房顫動、心房撲動、心室顫動、心室撲動、心室心搏過快、尖端扭轉型心搏過快(Torsade de pointes tachycardia)、心房與心室期外收縮、AV-交界性期外收縮、病態竇房結症候群、暈厥、AV節再入性心搏過快、沃爾夫-帕金森-懷特(Wolff-Parkinson-White)症候群、急性冠狀動脈症候群(ACS)、自體免疫性心臟病(心包炎、心內膜炎、心瓣膜炎、主動脈炎、心肌病)、拳擊手心肌病變、動脈瘤、休克(如:心源性休克、敗血性休克與過敏性休克)。
根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,可用於治療及/或預防血栓栓塞性疾患與局部缺血,如:心肌缺血、心肌梗塞、中風、心臟肥大、暫時性腦缺血發作(transistory and ischaemic attacks)、子癇前症、炎性心血管疾患、冠狀動脈與周邊動脈痙攣、形成水腫(舉例來說諸如:肺水腫、腦水腫、腎水腫或心臟衰竭誘發的水腫)、周邊灌流受損、再灌流損傷、動脈與靜脈血栓形成、微量白蛋白尿、心臟衰竭、內皮功能障礙、微血管與大血管損傷(脈管炎),亦可用於預防再狹窄(例如:在溶血栓療法、經皮腔內血管成形術(PTA)、經皮腔內冠狀動脈成形術(PTCA)、心臟移植、繞道手術及微血管與大血管損傷(脈管炎)之後)、纖維蛋白原與低密度LDL濃度升高、及血纖維蛋白溶解酶原激活物抑制劑1(PAI-1)濃度升高,及治療與/或預防勃起功能障礙與女性性功能障礙。
本發明內容中,術語「肺高血壓」包括其原發性與續發性亞型,其係依據Dana Point分類法基於其各病因分類[參見D.Montana與G.Simonneau(A.J.Peacock等人編輯)之Pulmonary Circulation.Diseases and their treatment,第3版,Hodder Arnold Publ.,2011,pp.197-206;M.M.Hoeper等人,
J.Am.Coll.Cardiol.,2009,54(1),p85-p96]。特定言之,此等包括第1類肺動脈高血壓(PAH),其特別包括特發型與家族型(分別為IPAH與FPAH)、急性肺高血壓,特別是急性呼吸困難症候群(ARDS)、急性肺傷害(ALI)、與嬰兒呼吸困難症候群(IRDS)。此外,PAH亦包括新生兒之持續性肺高血壓及與下列因素相關之關聯性肺動脈高血壓(APAH):與膠原性疾病、先天全身性肺分流病變、門脈高血壓、HIV感染、服用某些藥物與醫藥(例如:食慾抑制劑)有關;與具有顯著靜脈/微血管組份之疾患有關,如:肺靜脈阻塞性疾患及肺微血管血紅素血管瘤病有關;或與其他疾患有關,如:甲狀腺疾患、肝糖儲積疾病、高雪氏症(Gaucher disease)、遺傳性血管擴張症、血紅素蛋白病、骨髓增生性疾患、及脾切除術。Dana Point分類法第2類包括患有成因性左心臟疾患之PH患者,如:心室、心房或瓣膜疾患。第3類包括與肺疾患相關之肺高血壓型式,例如:與慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、間質性肺病(ILD)、肺纖維化(IPP)、及/或血中缺氧(例如:睡眠呼吸中止症候群、肺泡通氣不足、慢性高山病、遺傳性變形)有關。第4類包括患有慢性血栓性與/或栓塞性疾患之PH患者,例如:近端與遠端肺動脈血栓性栓塞性阻塞(CTEPH)或非血栓性栓塞(例如:因腫瘤疾患、寄生蟲、外來物體造成者)。較少見之肺高血壓型式,如:罹患結節病、組織球增生性疾病X或淋巴血管瘤病之患者則歸於第5類。
本發明內容中,術語「心臟衰竭」亦包括心臟衰竭之急性型與慢性型,及其具體或相關之疾病型態,如:急性失代償性心臟衰竭、右心臟衰竭、左心臟衰竭、全部心臟衰竭、缺血性心肌病變、擴張型心肌病變、肥大型心肌病變、特發性心肌病變、先天性心臟缺陷、心臟瓣膜缺陷、與心臟瓣膜缺陷相關之心臟衰竭、二尖瓣狹窄、二尖瓣閉鎖不全、主動脈瓣狹窄、主動脈瓣閉鎖不全、三尖瓣狹窄、三尖瓣閉鎖不全、肺動脈瓣狹窄、肺動脈瓣閉鎖不全、綜合心臟瓣膜缺陷、心肌發炎(心肌炎)、慢性心肌炎、急性心肌炎、病毒性心肌炎、糖尿病性心臟衰竭、酒精性心肌病變、心臟儲積病變、及舒張性心臟衰竭、射血分率減少之心臟衰竭(HFrEF)、射血分率正常之心臟衰竭(HFpEF)。
根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,亦適用於治療及/或預防代謝疾患。在本發明內容中,代謝疾患為例如:葡萄糖代謝疾患及與葡萄糖代謝受損相關的疾患與併發症。葡萄糖代謝疾患為例如:糖尿病
(1型或2型)、胰島素抗性、葡萄糖失耐症、高血糖、低血糖、高胰島素血症或低胰島素血症。與葡萄糖代謝受損相關的疾患為例如:微血管與大血管病變、糖尿病性視網膜病變、糖尿病性神經病變、糖尿病性腎病變、傷口癒合延遲/受損、糖尿病足、組織缺血、四肢潰瘍、壞疽、代謝性酸中毒、酮症、血脂異常、心肌梗塞、急性冠狀動脈症候群、穩定或不穩定型心絞痛、心肌病、心臟衰竭、心律不整、血管再狹窄、外周動脈閉塞性疾病、肥胖、X症候群、脂肪代謝受損、動脈硬化或高血壓。根據本發明式(II)化合物與根據本發明劑型亦適用於維持、改善及恢復胰臟細胞的功能,特別是用於維持、改善及恢復胰臟β細胞的數量與大小。
在本發明內容中,代謝疾患亦包括脂肪代謝疾患,舉例來說諸如:脂質代謝受損、低脂蛋白血症、血脂異常、高三酸甘油酯血症、高脂血症、合併高脂血症、高膽固醇血症、無β脂蛋白血症、豆固醇血症、黃瘤症、丹吉爾(Tangier)症、肥胖症、肥胖、動脈硬化與代謝症候群。根據本發明式(II)化合物與根據本發明劑型亦適用於治療及/或預防與代謝疾患相關的心血管疾患。
根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,亦適用於治療及/或預防肌肉或神經肌肉疾患。「肌肉或神經肌肉疾患」之表述係有關影響肌肉與/或其直接控制神經系統之醫學病症。其等可能為後天罹病或遺傳起源。肌肉或神經肌肉疾患係特別為杜氏(Duchenne)肌營養不良症(DMD)、貝克爾(Becker)肌營養不良症(BMD)、先天性肌營養不良症、三好(Miyoshi)肌病、艾-德(Emery-Dreifuss)肌營養不良症、面肩肱型肌營養不良症、肢帶肌營養不良症、肌強直性肌營養不良症、眼咽肌營養不良症、重症肌無力、蘭伯特-伊頓(Lambert-Eaton)肌無力症候群、與腓骨肌萎縮症(Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease)。
此外,根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,可用於治療及/或預防原發性與續發性雷諾氏現象(Raynaud’s phenomenon)、微循環病變、跛行、聽力困難、耳鳴、周邊與自律神經病變、糖尿病性微血管病變、糖尿病性視網膜病變、CREST症候群、紅斑(erythematosis)、灰指甲與風濕性疾患。
根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,亦可用於治療及/或預防器官或組織與缺血性及/或灌流相關之傷害,亦可作為人類或動物來源之器官、部份器官、組織或部份組織之灌流與保存溶液之添加劑,特別是用於手術干預法或用於移植醫學領域。
根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,亦適用於治療及/或預防腎疾患,特別是腎功能不全與腎衰竭。本發明內容中,「腎功能不全」與「腎衰竭」術語包括其急性與慢性癥兆二者(慢性腎臟病;CKD)及潛在或相關的腎疾患,如:腎灌流不足、透析中低血壓、阻塞性尿路疾病、腎絲球病變、腎絲球腎炎、急性腎絲球腎炎、腎絲球硬化症、腎小管間質腎炎疾病、腎病變疾患(如:原發性與先天性腎臟疾病)、腎炎、免疫性腎臟疾患(如:腎臟移植排斥與免疫複合誘發之腎臟疾患)、由毒性物質誘發之腎病變、由顯影劑誘發之腎病變、糖尿病性與非糖尿病性腎病變、糖尿病性腎臟病(DKD)、腎盂腎炎、腎囊腫、腎硬化、高血壓性腎硬化、及可採用診斷法判別其特徵之腎病症候群,例如:藉由異常降低之肌酸酐與/或水排泄、血中異常升高之尿素、氮、鉀與/或肌酸酐濃度、腎酵素(例如:麩胺醯基合成酶)活性改變、尿液滲透壓或尿液體積改變、微量白蛋白尿增加、大量白蛋白尿、腎絲球與小動脈損傷、細管擴張、高磷酸血症、及/或需要洗腎。本發明亦涵括根據本發明劑型之用途,其係用於治療及/或預防腎功能不全後遺症,例如:高血壓、肺水腫、心臟衰竭、尿毒症、貧血、電解質異常(例如:高血鈣症、低血鈉症)、及骨骼與碳水化合物代謝失調。
此外,根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,係適用於治療及/或預防泌尿生殖系統疾患,例如:良性攝護腺症候群(BPS)、良性攝護腺增生(BPH)、良性攝護腺肥大(BPE)、膀胱出口阻塞(BOO)、下泌尿道症候群(LUTS)、間質性膀胱炎、神經性膀胱過動症(OAB)、尿失禁(例如:混合型尿失禁、急迫性尿失禁、應力性尿失禁或溢流型尿失禁(MUI、UUI、SUI、OUI))、骨盆腔疼痛、勃起功能障礙、女性性功能障礙、陰道萎縮、性交困難、或萎縮性陰道炎。
根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,亦適用於治療及/或預防氣喘疾患、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、急性呼吸困難症候群(ARDS)與急性肺傷害(ALI)、α1-抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症(AATD)、肺纖維化、肺氣
腫(例如:因吸菸引起之肺氣腫)、肺靜脈高血壓、間質性肺病、睡眠呼吸暫停、肺泡通氣不足損傷、慢性高山症、新生兒肺部疾患、肺泡毛細血管發育不良、鐮狀細胞性貧血、凝血功能受損、慢性血栓栓塞、腫瘤相關性肺栓塞、結締組織疾患、狼瘡、血吸蟲病、結節病、慢性支氣管炎、肺微血管瘤病變;因腺病變、纖維化縱隔炎與囊性纖維化(CF)引起的組織細胞增多症X、淋巴管瘤病與壓縮的肺血管。
本發明說明之根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,亦為用於控制特徵在於NO/cGMP系統失調之中樞神經系統疾病之活性化合物與劑型。其等尤其適用於在認知力受損之後改善感受性、注意力、學習力或記憶力,彼等認知力受損特定言之係發生在與情境/疾病/症候群有關者,如:輕度認知力受損、與老化有關之學習與記憶力受損、與老化有關之記憶力喪失、失智症、血管性失智症、混合型失智症、中風後發生之失智症(中風後失智症)、創傷後顱腦創傷、普遍注意力受損、患有學習與記憶力障礙之兒童之注意力受損、阿茲海默症、路易體(Lewy body)性失智症、額顯葉退化型失智症(包括皮克氏(Pick's)症候群)、帕金森氏(Parkinson’s)症、進行性核上麻痺症、與皮質基底退化有關之失智症、肌萎縮性硬化症(ALS)、亨丁頓氏(Huntington's)症、脫髓鞘症、多發性硬化症、視丘退化症、庫賈氏(Creutzfeld-Jacob)失智症、HIV性失智症、與失智症相關之精神分裂症或科爾薩科夫精神病(Korsakoff’s psychosis)、賓斯瓦格(Binswange)失智症(皮質下動脈硬化性腦病),伴有皮層下梗塞與白質腦病的腦常染色體顯性遺傳性腦病(iCADASIL或CADASIL症候群)、無症狀神經認知障礙(ANI)、多發性硬化症(MS)(包括臨床單一症候群(CIS)、復發-緩解MS(RRMS)、原發漸進型MS(PPMS)與繼發漸進型MS(SPMS))、多發性系統萎縮(MSA)、帕金森氏症、帕金森附加症(Parkinson plus)、進行性核上性麻痺(PSP,斯提勒-理查頌-歐斯祖斯基(Steele-Richardson-Olszewski)症候群)、注意力缺陷症候群(ADS)與注意力缺陷過動障礙(ADHS)。其等亦適用於治療及/或預防中樞神經系統疾患,如:焦慮、緊張與抑鬱狀態、CNS相關的性功能障礙與睡眠障礙,及用於控制食物、興奮劑與成癮物質攝取的病理性障礙。其等亦適用於治療及/或預防損傷,例如:創傷性腦損傷(TBI),包括例如:腦震盪與創傷性腦病(CTE),或非創傷性中風(包括缺血性中風,動脈瘤或缺氧)、腦傷害、認知障礙、腦損
傷、神經退化性疾患或神經性疼痛。其等亦適用於治療及/或預防肌張力障礙,例如:一般性、局灶性、節段性、植物人性、急性肌張力障礙反應、及遺傳/原發性肌張力障礙與運動障礙,包括急性、慢性/遲發性與非運動性及左旋多巴(LID)誘發之運動障礙。其等亦適用於治療及/或預防特徵在於突觸可塑性及突觸過程下降之疾患,例如X染色體脆折症(fragile X syndrome)、雷特(Rett)症候群、威廉姆斯(Williams)症候群、仁潘寧(Renpenning)症候群、自閉症譜系(包括自閉症、亞斯伯格(Asperger)症候群、或深遠發育障礙)。其等亦適用於治療及/或預防精神、情感或心理障礙,例如:躁鬱症、精神分裂症、一般精神病、藥物引起之精神病、偏執狂、分裂性情感障礙(schizoaffective disorder)、強迫症(OCD)、抑鬱症、焦慮症、恐慌症、或創傷後壓力障礙(PTSD)。
此外,根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,亦適合控制腦部血流,因此為控制偏頭痛之有效藥劑。其等亦適合預防及控制腦梗塞(腦溢血(Apoplexia cerebri))之後遺症,如:中風、大腦缺血與顱骨腦創傷。根據本發明劑型同樣可用於控制疼痛狀態。
此外,根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,係具有消炎作用,因此可用於治療及/或預防敗血病(SIRS)、多發性器官衰竭(MODS、MOF)、腎臟發炎性病變、慢性腸部發炎(IBD、克隆氏症(Crohn's disease)、UC)、胰臟炎、腹膜炎、類風濕疾患、與發炎性皮膚疾患。
根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,亦適用於治療及/或預防急性疼痛、中樞性疼痛症候群、化療引起的神經病變與神經性疼痛、糖尿病性神經病變、纖維肌痛、炎性疼痛、神經性疼痛、術後疼痛、強直性疼痛或內臟疼痛。
根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,亦適用於治療及/或預防內臟器官(例如:肺、心臟、腎臟、骨髓及特別是肝臟)之纖維變性疾患,及皮膚纖維化與眼睛之纖維變性疾患。本發明內容中,「纖維變性疾患」術語特定言之包括下列疾患,如:肝纖維化、肝硬化、肺纖維化、心肌內膜纖維化、腎病變、腎絲球腎炎、腎間質纖維化、因糖尿病造成之纖維變性傷害、骨髓纖維化與類似纖維變性疾患、硬皮症、全身性硬化、硬斑病、蟹足腫、肥厚性瘢痕(hypertrophic scarring)、痣、糖尿病性視網膜病變、增生性玻璃體視網膜病變及結締組織疾患(例如:類肉瘤病)。根據本發明劑型同樣
亦適合用於治療脂肪性肝炎,特別是非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH),用於促進傷口癒合,用於控制術後瘢痕形成,例如:在青光眼手術後及用在老化與角質化皮膚之美容。
根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,亦適用於治療及/或預防骨疾患,例如且較佳係指骨不全(OI)、骨折、骨癒合不全、佝僂病、軟骨病、缺血性骨壞死(avascular bone necrosis)、佩吉特症(Paget disease)、骨營養不良、骨質減少、由骨轉移、放療或化療所引起的溶骨性病變、牙周炎、高鈣血症、骨壞死、骨肉瘤、溶骨性轉移、家族性擴張性骨溶解、擴張性骨骼與特發性增生、青少年型佩吉特症,卡姆喇替-恩格爾曼症(Camurati-Engelmann disease)、假肢鬆脫、假肢周圍骨溶解、顱頜面發育不良(CCD)、多發性骨髓瘤、齒槽骨流失、由於無法行動或性激素缺乏導致的骨流失、與選自以下各項所組成群中之疾病相關的骨質流失:惡病質、厭食症、脫髮、與炎性疾患(其係選自以下各項所組成之群組中:類風濕性關節炎、乾癬性關節炎、乾癬、脊柱性關節炎、SLE、全身性硬化症、轉移性癌症與發炎性腸病)、骨關節炎、截骨術後骨癒合不全、嬰兒期特發性骨流失、脊柱畸形、骨質疏鬆症、原發性骨質疏鬆症、繼發性骨質疏鬆症,特別是不是由性激素缺乏所引起的骨質疏鬆症、原發性骨質疏鬆症或繼發性骨質疏鬆症。
根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,亦適用於治療及/或預防胃腸括約肌功能障礙,如:賁門失弛緩症、括約肌痙攣與高壓括約肌,特定言之下食道括約肌(LES)失弛緩症、食道失弛緩症、痙攣性LES、高壓LES(HTNLES)、幽門括約肌(幽門)失弛緩症、幽門痙攣(pylorus spasm(pylorospasm))、高壓幽門、迴盲部括約肌或瓣膜(ICV)失弛緩症、高壓ICV、痙攣性ICV或ICV痙攣、奧狄(Oddi)括約肌功能障礙(SOD)、奧狄括約肌失弛緩症、痙攣性奧狄括約肌、高壓奧狄括約肌、肛門內括約肌(IAS)失弛緩症、高壓IAS、痙攣性IAS或IAS痙攣。另一項實施例中,所述及之胃腸括約肌功能障礙係由神經、代謝、內分泌或神經變性疾患引起。
此外,根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,係適用於治療及/或預防眼科疾病,在本發明內容中,該等眼科疾病包括例如以下疾患:年齡相關性黃斑變性(AMD),包括乾性(非滲出性)與濕性(滲出性、新生血管性)AMD、脈絡膜新生血管形成(CNV)、脈絡膜新生血管膜(CNVM)、
黃斑囊樣水腫(CME)、視網膜前膜(ERM)與黃斑穿孔、近視相關的脈絡膜新生血管、類血管狀與血管破裂症、視網膜剝離、糖尿病性視網膜病變、非增殖性糖尿病性視網膜病變(NPDR)、糖尿病性黃斑水腫(DME)、視網膜色素上皮的萎縮性與肥大性變化、視網膜靜脈閉塞、脈絡膜視網膜靜脈閉塞、黃斑水腫、與視網膜靜脈閉塞相關的黃斑水腫、色素性視網膜炎、斯塔加特(Stargardt)病、早產兒視網膜病變、青光眼、炎性眼疾患(例如:葡萄膜炎、鞏膜炎或眼內炎)、白內障、屈光異常(例如:近視、遠視、散光與圓錐角膜)、因缺氧(例如:大量使用隱形眼鏡)造成的角膜血管新生、翼狀胬肉結膜、角膜下水腫與角膜內水腫。
基於其活性型態,根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,係特別適用於治療及/或預防心血管與心肺疾病,如:原發性與繼發性肺高血壓、心臟衰竭、心絞痛、與高血壓,及血栓栓塞性疾患、絕血、血管疾患、微循環受損、腎功能不全、纖維變性疾患、與動脈硬化。
較佳地,根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,係適用於治療及/或預防腎與心腎疾患(特別是慢性腎臟病(CKD)與糖尿病性腎臟疾病(DKD))、心臟與心血管疾患(特別是心臟衰竭(HFpEF與HFrEF)、心肌梗塞、心絞痛、心肌病、高血壓與動脈硬化)、肺與心肺疾患(特別是肺高血壓(PH))、眼睛疾患(特別是非增殖性糖尿病性視網膜病變(NPDR)與糖尿病性黃斑水腫(DME))、中樞神經系統疾患(特別是失智症)、骨疾患(特別是成骨不全)、血栓栓塞性疾患、肌營養不良症、局部缺血、血管疾患、微循環受損、纖維化疾患(特別是全身性硬化症)、炎性疾患與代謝疾患(特別是代謝症候群、血脂異常與糖尿病)。
較佳地,根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,係適用於治療及/或預防腎與心腎疾患,特別是慢性腎臟病(CKD)。
較佳地,根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,係適用於治療及/或預防眼科疾患,特別是非增殖性糖尿病性視網膜病變(NPDR)與糖尿病性黃斑水腫(DME)。
較佳地,根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,係適用於治療及/或預防心血管疾患,特別是心臟衰竭,包括射血分率減少之心臟衰竭(HFrEF)與射血分率正常之心臟衰竭(HFpEF)。
較佳地,根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,係適用於治療及/或預防心肺疾患,特定言之肺高血壓。
較佳地,根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,係適用於治療及/或預防中樞神經系統疾患,特別是失智症,包括血管性失智症與混合型失智症。
較佳地,根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型,係適用於治療及/或預防「肌肉或神經肌肉疾患」,特別是杜氏(Duchenne)肌營養不良症(DMD)與貝克爾(Becker)肌營養不良症(BMD)。
本發明進一步提供以根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型於治療及/或預防鐮狀細胞性貧血的用途,其中創傷患者接受合成血液替代品,與用於保存血液替代品。
本發明進一步提供以根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型於治療及/或預防多囊性卵巢症候群(PCOS)中的用途。
本發明進一步提供以根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型於治療及/或預防子癇前症的用途。
本發明進一步提供以根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型於治療及/或預防疾患,尤指上述疾患的用途。
本發明之方法進一步提供以根據本發明的式(II)化合物與根據本發明的劑型於治療及/或預防疾患,尤指上述疾患的用途。
本發明進一步提供一種方法,其使用有效量的根據本發明的式(II)化合物或至少一種根據本發明的劑型來治療及/或預防疾患,尤指上述疾患。
根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型,可以單獨使用,或若需要時可以與其他活性化合物組合使用。本發明進一步提供包含至少一種根據本發明劑型與一種或多種其他活性化合物之藥物,尤其用於治療及/或預防上述疾患。用於組合的化合物適例較佳包括:
●有機硝酸鹽與一氧化氮釋放劑(NO donors),例如:硝普鈉(sodium nitroprusside)、硝基甘油、單硝酸異山梨醇(isosorbide mononitrate)、二硝酸異山梨醇(isosorbide dinitrate)、嗎多明(molsidomine)或SIN-1,與吸入性NO;
●其他提高cGMP濃度之物質,例如:原卟啉(protoporphyrine)IX、花生四烯酸或苯基肼衍生物;
●NO合成酶受質,例如:N-羥基胍衍生物、L-精胺酸衍生物、N-烷基-N'-羥基胍衍生物、N-芳基-N'-羥基胍衍生物或胍衍生物;
●抑制環狀鳥苷單磷酸(cGMP)及/或環狀腺苷單磷酸(cAMP)降解之化合物,例如:磷酸二酯酶(PDE)1、2、3、4、5、9與/或10之抑制劑,尤指PDE4抑制劑(如:羅氟司特(roflumilast)或利凡斯特(revamilast))與PDE 5抑制劑(如:昔多芬(sildenafil)、伐地那非(vardenafil)、他達拉非(tadalafil)、優地那非(udenafil)、達生他非(dasantafil)、阿伐那非(avanafil)、米羅那非(mirodenafil)或樂丹那非(lodenafil));
●不依賴NO,但依賴血紅素之鳥苷酸環化酶刺激劑,尤指利歐西呱(riociguat)、利奧西呱(nelociguat)、威利西呱(vericiguat)、帕利西呱(praliciguat)(IW-1973)、歐利西呱(olinciguat)(IW-1701),及說明於WO 00/06568、WO 00/06569、WO 02/42301、WO 03/095451、WO 2011/147809、WO 2012/004258、WO 2012/028647與WO 2012/059549之化合物;
●前列環素類似物與IP受體促效劑,其較佳實例係伊洛前列素(iloprost)、貝前列素(beraprost)、曲前列素(treprostinil)、依前列醇(epoprostenol)、NS-304、塞萊西帕格(selexipag)或萊靈帕格(ralinepag);
●內皮肽受體拮抗劑,其較佳實例係波生坦(bosentan)、達盧生坦(darusentan)、安立生坦(ambrisentan)、馬西替坦(macicentan)或希塔生坦(sitaxsentan);
●人嗜中性細胞彈性蛋白酶(HNE)抑制劑,其較佳實例係西維來司(sivelestat)或DX-890(Reltran);
●抑制訊號轉導級聯之化合物,特定言之選自酪胺酸激酶抑制劑之群中,其較佳實例係達沙替尼(dasatinib)、尼祿替尼(nilotinib)、博舒替尼(bosutinib)、瑞格拉非尼(regorafenib)、蕾莎瓦(sorafenib)、舒尼替尼(sunitinib)、西地尼布(cediranib)、阿西替尼(axitinib)、替拉替尼(telatinib)、伊馬替尼(imatinib)、布利菲尼(brivanib)、帕唑帕尼
(pazopanib)、瓦他拉尼(vatalanib)、吉非替尼(gefitinib)、埃羅替尼(erlotinib)、拉帕替尼(lapatinib)、卡奈替尼(canertinib)、來他替尼(lestaurtinib)、培利替尼(pelitinib)、希馬薩尼(semaxanib)、馬賽替尼(masitinib)或坦度替尼(tandutinib);
●Rho激酶抑制劑,其較佳實例係法舒地爾(fasudil)、Y-27632、SLx-2119、BF-66851、BF-66852、BF-66853、KI-23095或BA-1049;
●抗阻塞劑,其用於例如:治療慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)或支氣管性氣喘,其較佳實例係吸入性或全身性投藥之β-受體擬似劑(例如:貝朵拉君(bedoradrine))或吸入性投藥之抗蕈毒鹼型物質;
●消炎與/或免疫抑制劑,其用於例如:治療慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、支氣管性氣喘或肺纖維化,其較佳實例係全身性或吸入性投藥之皮質類固醇、氟替福莫(flutiform)、吡非尼酮(pirfenidone)、乙醯基半胱胺酸、硫唑嘌呤(azathioprine)或BIBF-1120;
●化療劑,如彼等用於例如:治療肺或其他器官之增生贅瘤者;
●用於全身性與/或吸入性治療肺臟疾患之活性化合物,例如:囊性纖維化(α-1-抗胰蛋白酶、氨曲南(aztreonam)、抑維克(ivacaftor)、樂麻克(lumacaftor)、艾特崙(ataluren)、阿米卡星(amikacin)、左旋氧氟沙星(levofloxacin))、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)(LAS40464、PT003、SUN-101)、急性呼吸困難症候群(ARDS)與急性肺傷害(ALI)(干擾素-β-1a、特馬干尼(traumakines))、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停症候群(VI-0521)、支氣管擴張症(甘露糖醇、環丙沙星(ciprofloxacin))、阻塞性細支氣管炎(環孢素、氨曲南(aztreonam))與敗血症(帕格單抗(pagibaximab)、量能靜脈輸注液(Voluven)、ART-123);
●用於治療肌肉萎縮之活性化合物,例如:艾地苯(idebenone);
●抗血栓劑,其較佳實例係選自下列之群組中:血小板凝集抑制劑、抗凝血劑或促纖維蛋白分解物質;
●改變脂質代謝之活性化合物,其較佳實例係選自甲狀腺受體促效劑、膽固醇合成抑制劑之群中,其較佳實例係:HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑或鯊烯合成抑制劑、ACAT抑制劑、CETP抑制劑、MTP抑制劑、PPAR-α、PPAR-γ與/或PPAR-δ促效劑、膽固醇吸收抑制劑、脂酶
抑制劑、聚合性膽酸吸附劑、膽酸再吸收抑制劑與脂蛋白(a)拮抗劑;
●抑制血管新生之活性化合物,其較佳實例係:VEGF與/或PDGF訊號傳導途徑之抑制劑、整合素訊號傳導途徑之抑制劑、血管生成素-Tie訊號傳導途徑之抑制劑、PI3K-Akt-mTor訊號傳導途徑之抑制劑、Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk訊號傳導途徑之抑制劑、MAPK訊號傳導途徑之抑制劑、FGF訊號傳導途徑之抑制劑、神經鞘胺醇-1-磷酸酯訊號傳導途徑之抑制劑、內皮細胞增生之抑制劑、或誘發細胞凋亡之活性成分;
●降低血管壁通透性(形成水腫)之活性化合物,其較佳實例係:皮質類固醇、ALKI-Smad1/5訊號傳導途徑之抑制劑、VEGF與/或PDGF訊號傳導途徑之抑制劑、環氧合酶抑制劑、血管舒肽-激肽系統(kallikrein-kinin system)之抑制劑或神經鞘胺醇-1-磷酸酯訊號傳導途徑之抑制劑;
●降低視網膜在氧化壓力下之傷害之活性化合物,其較佳實例係:補體系統之抑制劑,尤指補體C5a受體之促效劑、或5-HT1A受體之促效劑;
●抗氧化劑與自由基清除劑;
●活性降血壓化合物,其較佳實例係來自以下群組中:鈣拮抗劑、血管收縮素AII拮抗劑、ACE抑制劑、β受體阻斷劑、α受體阻斷劑、利尿劑、磷酸二酯酶抑制劑、sGC刺激劑、cGMP升高劑、ECE抑制劑、血管肽酶與/或礦物皮質酮受體拮抗劑;
●抗心律不整劑,例如:鈉通道阻斷劑、β-受體阻斷劑、鉀通道阻斷劑或鈣通道阻斷劑;
●α-1-腎上腺素功能受體拮抗劑;
●中樞作用性α-2-腎上腺素功能受體促效劑;
●咪唑啉I-1受體促效劑;
●多巴胺D1受體促效劑;
●5-HT2拮抗劑;
●血管加壓素拮抗劑;
●鈣通道敏化劑;
●支氣管擴張劑,例如:β-2-腎上腺素功能受體促效劑、抗膽鹼激導性劑、茶鹼(theopylline)或PDE抑制劑;
●皮質類固醇,例如:潑尼松龍(prednisolone);
●PGD2受體拮抗劑;
●非類固醇止喘劑,例如:β-2-腎上腺素功能受體促效劑或β-2-腎上腺素功能受體促效劑與皮質類固醇之組合;
●非類固醇消炎藥(NSAID)與選擇性環氧合酶-2(COX-2)抑制劑;
●過重與肥胖之醫藥,例如:甲基安非他命(methamphetamine)、安非拉酮(amfepramon)、芬他命(phentermine)、苄非他明(benzphetamine)、苯二甲嗎啉(phendimetrazine)、馬吲哚(mazindol)、奧利司他(orlistat)、西布曲明(sibutramine)或利莫那班(rimonabant)與組合,如,例如:芬他命(phentermine)/托吡酯(topiramate)、安非他酮(bupropion)/那曲酮(naltrexone)、西布曲明(sibutramine)/二甲雙胍(metformin)、安非他酮SR(bupropion SR)/唑尼沙胺SR(zonisamideSR)、沙美特羅(salmeterol)、昔萘弗酸(xinafoate)/氟替卡松(fluticasone);氯卡色林(lorcaserin)、芬他命(phentermine)/托吡酯(topiramate)、西替利司他(cetilistat)、艾塞那肽(exenatide)、利拉魯肽(liraglutide)、二甲雙胍(metformin)、CORT-108297、卡納格列淨(canagliflozin)、吡啶甲酸鉻、GSK-1521498、LY-377604、美曲普汀(metreleptin)、奧尼匹肽(obinepitide)、P-S7AS3、PSN-821、沙美特羅(salmeterol)昔萘弗酸(xinafoate)/氟替卡松(fluticasone)、生長激素(somatropin)(重組體)、替莫瑞林(tesamorelin)、特索芬辛(tesofensine)、韋利貝特(velneperit)、唑尼沙胺(zonisamide)、博樂尼(beloranib)、白藜蘆醇(resveratrol)、索比隆(sobetirome)、四氫大麻酚(tetrahydrocannabivarin)與β-拉帕醌(β-lapachone);
●腺苷酸環化酶抑制劑,例如:考福辛達羅派特(colforsin dapropate);
●增強心肌收縮力物質,例如:地高辛(digoxin);
●治療勃起功能障礙之醫藥,例如:前列地爾(alprostadil);
●失智症之藥物,如:乙醯膽鹼酯酶抑制劑,例如:多奈哌齊(donepezil)、加蘭他敏(galantamine)與卡巴拉汀(rivastigmine);或NMDA受體拮抗劑,例如:美金剛胺(memantine);
●治療精神疾患之醫藥,例如:多巴胺D4受體拮抗劑(如:氯氮平(clozapine))、多巴胺D2受體拮抗劑(如:尼莫納(nemonaprid))、混合多巴胺D1/D2受體拮抗劑(如:珠氯噻醇(zuclopenthixol)、GABA A受體調控劑(如:卡馬西平(carbamazepine))、鈉通道抑制劑(如:拉莫三嗪(lamotrigine))、單胺氧化酶抑制劑(如:嗎氯苯甲醯胺(moclobemide))、三環類抗抑鬱藥(如:阿米替林(amitriptyline)、地昔帕明(desipramine)、伊米帕明(imipramine)、安莫散平(amoxapine)、去甲替林(nortriptyline)或氯米帕明(clomipramine))、選擇性羥色胺再吸收抑制劑(SSRI)(如:帕羅西汀(paroxetine)、氟西汀(fluoxetine)或西酞普蘭(citralopram))、多慮平(doxepine)、曲唑酮(trazodonc)或阿戈美拉汀(agomelatine)、選擇性去甲腎上腺素再吸收抑制劑(SNR1)(如:文拉法辛(venlafaxine))、或多巴胺激導性抗抑鬱藥(如:安非他酮(bupropion));;
●中性內切肽酶抑制劑(NEP抑制劑)(如:沙庫必曲(sacubitril)、奧馬曲拉(omapatrilate)或甲基藍(methylene blue))、AVE-7688,或與血管收縮素受體阻斷劑(例如:維沙坦(valsartan))之雙重組合(ARNI),例如:LCZ696;
●利鈉肽,例如:心房利鈉肽(ANP,阿那立肽(anaritide))、B-型利鈉肽或腦利鈉肽(BNP,奈西立肽(nesiritide))、C-型利鈉肽(CNP)與腎利尿素(urodilatin);
●抗糖尿病藥,其較佳實例係來自胰島素與胰島素衍生物之群中、磺醯脲類、雙胍類、美格替耐類(meglitinide)衍生物、葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑、PPAR-γ促效劑、GLP 1受體促效劑、升糖素拮抗劑、胰島素敏化劑、CCK1受體促效劑、二肽基肽酶4之抑制劑(格利汀(gliptins))、SGLT 2抑制劑、瘦素受體促效劑、鉀通道拮抗劑、及涉及刺激葡萄糖生成與/或糖原分解之肝酵素之抑制劑;
●抗感染劑,其較佳實例係來自抗細菌劑、抗黴菌劑與/或抗病毒劑活性物質之群中;及/或
●治療青光眼之物質,其較佳實例係來自腎上腺素激導性劑、β-受體阻斷劑、碳酸酐酶抑制劑、擬副交感神經藥物與前列腺素之群中;及/或
●治療骨疾患之物質,其較佳實例係:雙膦酸酯(bisphosphonate)、維生素D或其代謝物、雷奈酸鍶(strontium ranelate)、選擇性雌激素受體調控劑(SERM)、副甲狀腺激素或其類似物、與/或RANKL(核因子κB受體活化因子配體(receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand))調控劑。
咸了解,抗血栓劑較佳係指選自下列群組中之化合物:血小板凝集抑制劑、抗凝血劑或促溶血因子物質。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與血小板凝集抑制劑,其較佳實例係阿斯匹靈、氯吡多(clopidogrel)、氯苄噻唑啶(ticlopidine)或雙嘧達莫(dipyridamol)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與凝血酶抑制劑,其較佳實例係希美加群(ximelagatran)、美拉加群(melagatran)、達比加群(dabigatran)、伐盧定(bivalirudin)或克立生(clexane)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與GPIIb/IIIa拮抗劑,其較佳實例係替羅非斑(tirofiban)或阿昔單抗(abciximab)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與Xa因子抑制劑,其較佳實例係利伐沙(rivaroxaban)、阿哌沙班(apixaban)、非地沙班(fidexaban)、雷扎沙班(razaxaban)、磺達肝素(fondaparinux)、抑達肝素(idraparinux)、DU-176b、PMD-3112、YM-150、KFA-1982、EMD-503982、MCM-17、MLN-1021、DX 9065a、DPC 906、JTV 803、SSR-126512或SSR-128428。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與肝素或低分子量(LMW)肝素衍生物。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與維生素K拮抗劑,其較佳實例係香豆素、苯丙羥基香豆素(phenprocumon)或華法林(warfarin)。
咸了解,降血壓劑較佳係指選自鈣拮抗劑、血管收縮素AII拮抗劑、ACE抑制劑、內皮肽拮抗劑、腎素抑制劑、α受體阻斷劑、β受體阻斷劑、礦物皮質酮受體拮抗劑與利尿劑之群組中之化合物。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與鈣拮抗劑,其較佳實例係硝苯地平(nifedipin)、氨氯地平(amlodipin)、維拉帕米(verapamil)或地爾硫卓(diltiazem)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與α-1腎上腺素功能受體拮抗劑,其較佳實例係:哌唑嗪(prazosin)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與β受體阻斷劑,其較佳實例係:普萘洛爾(propranolol)、阿替洛爾(atenolol)、汀洛爾(timolol)、本得洛爾(pindolol)、阿普洛爾(alprenolol)、歐普洛爾(oxprenolol)、本布洛爾(penbutolol)、布普洛爾(bupranolol)、美替洛爾(metipranolol)、納多洛爾(nadolol)、甲吲洛爾(mepindolol)、咔唑洛爾(carazalol)、索他洛爾(sotalol)、美托洛爾(metoprolol)、貝他洛爾(betaxolol)、塞利洛爾(celiprolol)、匹梭洛爾(bisoprolol)、卡替洛爾(carteolol)、艾司洛爾(esmolol)、拉貝洛爾(labetalol)、卡維地洛(carvedilol)、阿達洛爾(adaprolol)、蘭地洛爾(landiolol)、奈必洛爾(nebivolol)、依泮洛爾(epanolol)或布新洛爾(bucindolol)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與血管收縮素AII拮抗劑,其較佳實例係氯沙坦(losartan)、坎地沙坦(candesartan)、維沙坦(valsartan)、特米沙坦(telmisartan)或恩布沙坦(embusartan)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的劑型係組合投與ACE抑制劑,其較佳實例係依那普利(enalapril)、卡特普利(captopril)、利希普利(lisinopril)、阮米普利(ramipril)、得拉普利(delapril)、弗辛普利(fosinopril)、奎諾普利(quinopril)、普靈普利(perindopril)或散得普利(trandopril)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與內皮肽拮抗劑,其較佳實例係波生坦(bosentan)、達盧生坦(darusentan)、安倍生坦(ambrisentan)或希塔生坦(sitaxsentan)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與腎素抑制劑,其較佳實例係阿利克倫(aliskiren)、SPP-600或SPP-800。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與礦物皮質酮受體拮抗劑,例如:螺旋內酯固醇(spironolactone)或依普利酮(eplerenon),特別佳係組合投與非類固醇礦物皮質酮受體拮抗劑,如:非奈利酮(finerenone)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與利尿劑,其較佳實例係樂泄錠(furosemide)、布美他尼(bumetanide)、托拉塞米(torsemide)、芐氟噻嗪(bendroflumethiazide)、氯噻嗪(chlorthiazide)、氫氯噻嗪(hydrochlorothiazide)、氫氟噻嗪(hydroflumethiazide)、甲氯噻嗪(methyclothiazide)、泊利噻嗪(polythiazide)、三氯噻嗪(trichlormethiazide)、氯噻酮(chlorthalidone)、吲達帕胺(indapamide)、甲苯喹唑酮(metolazone)、喹噻酮(quinethazone)、乙醯唑胺(acetazolamide)、二氯磺胺(dichlorphenamide)、甲醋唑胺(methazolamide)、甘油、異山梨醇酯(isosorbide)、甘露糖醇、阿米洛利(amiloride)或三胺蝶呤(triamterene)。
咸了解,脂質代謝修飾劑較佳為選自下列各物所組成群組中之化合物:CETP抑制劑、甲狀腺受體促效劑、膽固醇合成抑制劑,如:HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑或鯊烯合成抑制劑、ACAT抑制劑、MTP抑制劑、PPAR-α、PPAR-γ及/或PPAR-δ促效劑、膽固醇吸收抑制劑、聚膽酸吸附劑、膽酸再吸收抑制劑、脂酶抑制劑、與脂蛋白(a)拮抗劑。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與CETP抑制劑,其較佳實例係托徹普(torcetrapib,CP-5294/4)、JJT-705或CETP-疫苗(Avant)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與甲狀腺受體促效劑,其較佳實例係D-甲狀腺素(thyroxin)、3,5,3'-三碘甲狀腺素(T3)、CGS 23425或阿昔替羅(axitirome,CGS 26214)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與選自斯達汀類抑制素(statin)之HMG-CoAc還原酶抑制劑,其較佳實例係羅瓦斯達汀(lovastatin)、辛瓦斯達汀(simvastatin)、普瓦斯達汀(pravastatin)、弗瓦斯達汀(fluvastatin)、艾瓦斯達汀(atorvastatin)、樂瓦斯達汀(rosuvastatin)或必瓦斯達汀(pitavastatin)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與鯊烯合成抑制劑,其較佳實例係BMS-188494或TAK-475。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與ACAT抑制劑,其較佳實例係阿伐麥布(avasimibe)、美利胺(melinamide)、帕替麥布(pactimibe)、依鲁麥布(eflucimibe)或SMP-797。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與MTP抑制劑,其較佳實例係英普他派(implitapide)、BMS-201038、R-103757或JTT-130。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與PPAR-γ促效劑,其較佳實例係皮利酮(pioglitazone)或羅格列酮(rosiglitazone)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與PPAR-δ促效劑,其較佳實例係GW 501516或BAY 68-5042。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與膽固醇吸收抑制劑,其較佳實例係依澤替米貝(ezetimibe)、替奎安(tiqueside)或帕馬苷(pamaqueside)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與脂酶抑制劑,其較佳實例係奧利司他(orlistat)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與聚膽酸吸附劑,其較佳實例係消膽胺(cholestyramine)、膽利泊(colestipol)、膽利凡(colesolvam)、考來維他(Cholestagel)或考來替麥(colestimide)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與膽酸再吸收抑制劑,其較佳實例係ASBT(=IBAT)抑制劑,例如:AZD-7806、S-8921、AK-105、BARI-1741、SC-435或SC-635。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與脂蛋白(a)拮抗劑,其較佳實例係健卡本鈣(gemcabene calcium,CI-1027)或菸酸。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與乙醯膽鹼酯酶抑制劑,其較佳實例係多奈哌齊(donepezil)、加蘭他敏(galantamine)或卡巴拉汀(rivastigmine)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與NMDA受體拮抗劑,其較佳實例係美金剛胺(memantine)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與sGC刺激劑,其較佳實例係利歐西呱(riociguat)、利奥西呱(nelociguat)、威利西呱(vericiguat)、帕利西呱(praliciguat)(IW-1973)或歐利西呱(olinciguat,IW-1701)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與抗糖尿病劑,其較佳實例係二甲雙胍(metformin)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與SGLT-2抑制劑,其較佳實例係達格列凈(dapagliflozin)、恩格列淨(empagliflozin)、卡納格列淨(canagliflozin)、伊格列净(ipragliflozin)與/或托格列净(tofogliflozin)。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與治療骨疾患之物質,如:其較佳實例係維生素D或其代謝物、雷奈酸鍶(strontium ranelate)、選擇性雌激素受體調控劑(SERM)與/或RANKL調控劑。
本發明較佳實施例中,根據本發明的式(II)化合物或根據本發明的劑型係組合投與雙膦酸酯(bisphosphonates),其較佳實例係依替膦酸(etidronate)、氯膦酸(clodronate)、替鲁膦酸(tiludronate)、特立帕肽(teriparatide)、裴米卓耐特(pamidronate)、奈立膦酸(neridronate)、歐帕膦酸(olpadronate)、阿
崙膦酸(alendronate)、伊班膦酸(ibandronate)、利塞膦酸(risedronate)或唑來膦酸(zoledronate)。
本發明進一步提供式(II)化合物,較佳係呈修飾1結晶型,供治療及/或預防疾病。
本發明進一步提供式(II)化合物,較佳係呈修飾1結晶型,供治療及/或預防腎臟與心腎疾患(特別是慢性腎臟病(CKD)與糖尿病性腎臟病(DKD))、心臟與心血管疾患(特別是心臟衰竭(HFpEF與HFrEF)、心肌梗塞、心絞痛、心肌病變、高血壓與動脈硬化)、肺與心肺疾患(特別是肺高血壓(PH))、中樞神經系統疾患(特別是失智症)、骨疾患(特別是成骨不全)、血栓栓塞性疾患、肌營養不良症、局部缺血、血管疾患、微循環受損、纖維化疾患(特別是全身性硬化症)、眼部疾患、炎性疾患與代謝疾患(特別是代謝症候群、血脂異常與糖尿病)。
本發明進一步提供式(II)化合物,較佳係呈修飾1結晶型,供治療及/或預防腎臟與心腎疾患,特別是慢性腎臟病(CKD)與糖尿病性腎臟病(DKD)。
本發明進一步提供式(II)化合物,較佳係呈修飾1結晶型,供治療及/或預防心臟與心血管疾患,特別是心臟衰竭(HFpEF與HFrEF)、心肌梗塞、心絞痛、心肌病變、高血壓與動脈硬化。
本發明進一步提供式(II)化合物,較佳係呈修飾1結晶型,供治療及/或預防肺臟與心肺疾患,特別是肺高血壓(PH)。
本發明進一步提供式(II)化合物,較佳係呈修飾1結晶型,供治療及/或預防中樞神經系統疾患,特別是失智症。
本發明進一步提供式(II)化合物,較佳係呈修飾1結晶型,供治療及/或預防中樞神經系統疾患,特別是血管性與阿茲海默失智症。
本發明進一步提供式(II)化合物,較佳係呈修飾1結晶型,供治療及/或預防代謝疾患,特別是代謝症候群、血脂異常與糖尿病。
本發明進一步提供一種根據本發明包含式(II)化合物之滲透釋放系統之用途,該式(II)化合物較佳係呈修飾1結晶型,供治療及/或預防疾患。
本發明進一步提供一種根據本發明包含式(II)化合物之滲透釋放系統之用途,該式(II)化合物較佳係呈修飾1結晶型,供治療及/或預防腎臟與心腎疾患(特別是慢性腎臟病(CKD)與糖尿病性腎臟病(DKD))、心臟與心血管疾患(特別是心臟衰竭(HFpEF與HFrEF)、心肌梗塞、心絞痛、心肌病變、高血壓與動脈硬化)、肺臟與心肺疾患(特別是肺高血壓(PH))、中樞神經系統疾患(特別是失智症)、骨疾患(特別是成骨不全)、血栓栓塞性疾患、肌營養不良症、局部缺血、血管疾患、微循環受損、纖維化疾患(特別是全身性硬化症)、眼部疾患、炎性疾患、與代謝疾患(特別是代謝症候群、血脂異常與糖尿病)。
本發明進一步提供一種根據本發明包含式(II)化合物之滲透釋放系統之用途,該式(II)化合物較佳係呈修飾1結晶型,供治療及/或預防腎臟與心腎疾患,特別是慢性腎臟病(CKD)與糖尿病性腎臟病(DKD)。
本發明進一步提供一種根據本發明包含式(II)化合物之滲透釋放系統之用途,該式(II)化合物較佳係呈修飾1結晶型,供治療及/或預防心臟與心血管疾患,特別是心臟衰竭(HFpEF與HFrEF)、心肌梗塞、心絞痛、心肌病變、高血壓與動脈硬化。
本發明進一步提供一種根據本發明包含式(II)化合物之滲透釋放系統之用途,該式(II)化合物較佳係呈修飾1結晶型,供治療及/或預防肺臟與心肺疾患,特別是肺高血壓(PH)。
本發明進一步提供一種根據本發明包含式(II)化合物之滲透釋放系統之用途,該式(II)化合物較佳係呈修飾1結晶型,供治療及/或預防中樞神經系統疾患,特別是失智症。
本發明進一步提供一種根據本發明包含式(II)化合物之滲透釋放系統之用途,該式(II)化合物較佳係呈修飾1結晶型,供治療及/或預防中樞神經系統疾患,特別是血管性與阿茲海默失智症。
本發明進一步提供一種根據本發明包含式(II)化合物之滲透釋放系統之用途,該式(II)化合物較佳係呈修飾1結晶型,供治療及/或預防代謝疾患,特別是代謝症候群、血脂異常與糖尿病。
本發明進一步提供一種包含式(II)化合物及組合使用一或多種選自下列各物所組成群組中之其他活性成分之藥物:有機硝酸鹽、NO供體、cGMP-PDE抑制劑、鳥苷酸環化酶之刺激劑、抗血栓劑、抗高血壓劑、MR拮
抗劑、IP受體促效劑、具有消炎作用之化合物、抗失智藥、抗糖尿病劑、修飾脂肪代謝之活性化合物、及治療骨與肌肉疾患之活性化合物。
根據本發明劑型,式(II)化合物之較佳含量為約1至240mg,特別佳含量係約1mg至120mg,極佳含量係約2.5mg至50mg。本發明提供上述根據本發明藥物劑型,其中式(II)化合物之較佳含量為1mg、2mg、2.5mg、3mg、4mg、5mg、6mg、7mg、8mg、9mg、10mg、12mg、15mg、20mg、25mg、30mg、35mg、40mg、50mg、60mg、70mg、75mg、80mg、90mg、100mg、110mg、120mg、125mg、150mg、175mg、200mg、225mg與240mg。式(II)化合物含量係指在藥物劑型中之標稱含量,某些情況下,可能額外超出活性成分含量至多到20%。
一般來說,已發現每天投與約0.01至10mg/kg體重,有利於得到有效結果。
儘管如此,有些例子中仍可能有必要偏離上述劑量,明確言之依體重、投藥途徑、個人對活性成分之反應、製劑性質、及投藥時間與間隔而定。因此有時候可能使用低於上述最低劑量即已足夠,但其他時候可能需超過上述劑量上限才足夠。若投與較大量時,建議在一天內分成數個小劑量投藥。
縮寫與簡稱
cp 釐泊(centipoise)
HPLC 高壓/高效液相層析法
K 克耳文(Kelvin)
min 分鐘
ml 毫升
μl 微升
mm 毫米
μm 微米
mPa 毫帕
Ph.Eur. 歐洲藥典
s 秒
r 轉數
USP 美國藥典
UV 紫外線
操作實例
實例化合物1
(3S)-3-(4-氯-3-{[(2S,3R)-2-(4-氯苯基)-4,4,4-三氟-3-甲基丁醯基]胺基}苯基)-3-環丙基丙酸鈉,修飾1結晶型
製備方法1
在氮氣環境下,在反應器中填充1425g式(I)化合物(其製法揭示於WO 2012/139888,實例22與EP17204842.3(公開為WO 2019/105881))與13.3kg乙腈。攪拌混合物直到形成溶液為止。添加117g氫氧化鈉固體,繼續攪拌所得懸浮液25小時。過濾懸浮液。所得固體使用1.2kg乙腈洗滌及於30℃下減壓乾燥19小時。
產量:1375g(92%)
式(II)化合物含量:96.4%(HPLC方法1)
式(III)化合物含量:<0.20%(HPLC方法2)
鈉含量:4.8%
XRPD:修飾1
製備方法2
在氮氣環境下,在反應器中填充34.4kg乙腈與4.0kg式(I)化合物(測得含量99.1%,其製法揭示於WO 2012/139888,實例22與
EP17204842.3(公開為WO 2019/105881))。混合物於20℃下攪拌。過濾所得溶液,使用3kg乙腈來洗滌濾器。取濾液冷卻至0℃。在-5℃至+5℃之溫度下慢慢添加3.9kg第三丁醇鈉之四氫呋喃溶液(測得含量19.6%)。添加約2/3第三丁醇鈉溶液後,添加呈修飾1結晶型之式(II)化合物晶種。定量添加完成後,再使用3.0kg四氫呋喃潤洗用於定量添加的管線。所得混合物於0℃下攪拌17小時。過濾懸浮液,所得固體使用5.6kg冷乙腈洗滌2次。產物於40℃下減壓乾燥16小時。
產量:4.0kg(97%)
式(II)化合物含量:98.7%(HPLC方法1)
式(III)化合物含量:0.19%(HPLC方法2)
鈉含量:4.4%
XRPD:修飾1
分析方法
HPLC方法1:
用於測定含量及雜質之試驗係於反相HPLC管柱上,使用210nm UV檢測。固定相為Zorbax Eclipse Plus RRHD C18 HPLC管柱(50mm×2.1mm,粒度1.8μm)或合適替代物。
選擇可達最大分離度之梯度溶離。移動相之梯度示於下表1。
移動相A為含0.1%三氟乙酸之水,移動相B為含0.1%三氟乙酸之乙腈。
流速為1.0ml/min,管柱溫度為20℃,注射體積為2μl。試驗溶液製法為溶解於乙腈與水之等量混合物中,達到濃度為0.46mg/ml。
定量方法係採用參考標準物進行外插校正或利用質量平衡法進行。式(II)化合物之滯留時間為約16.2min,式(III)化合物之滯留時間為約12.0min。
HPLC方法2:
雜質之試驗係在正相HPLC管柱上,使用220nm之UV檢測法進行。固定相為Chiralpak AD-H HPLC管柱(250mm×4.6mm,粒度5μm)或合適替代物。
選擇可達最大分離度之等濃度溶離。
移動相係由93%體積比之異己烷與7%體積比之含0.2%三氟乙酸與1%水之2-丙醇之混合物組成。
流速為1.25ml/min,管柱溫度為30℃,注射體積為5μl。試驗溶液製法為溶解於異己烷與2-丙醇(3/1,體積比)混合物中,達到濃度為0.5mg/ml。
定量方法係採用參考標準物進行外插校正。式(II)化合物之滯留時間為約11.4min,式(III)化合物之滯留時間為約9.7min。
方法3(鈉分析):
採用ICP-MS方法分析鈉,作為半定量式綜合分析法。樣本製法為使用硝酸進行微波煮解。
方法4-測定呈修飾1結晶型之式(I)化合物之x-射線繞射術:
樣本製備:樣本係夾在兩個膜之間的均勻粉末層
儀器:X-射線粉末繞射儀(STOE STADI P)
電源:40kV/40mA
檢測器:位置感應式檢測器
射源:鍺-單色化CuKal射線
測定模式:透射式
步距:0.5°
測定時間:15s/步
呈結晶修飾1之式(I)化合物之X-射線繞射圖示於圖10。
方法5-測定呈修飾1結晶型之式(I)化合物之IR光譜術:
樣本製備:樣本係製成KBr圓片
儀器 Bruker Vertex 80v
掃瞄次數 32
解析度 2cm-1
技術 透射式
呈結晶修飾1之式(I)化合物之IR光譜示於圖11。
滲透釋放系統與其製法示於下文中。滲透釋放系統總是包含過量活性成分,其歸因於技術因素,有些活性成分會殘留在滲透釋放系統中。
滲透釋放系統1(雙腔系統,以聚環氧乙烷作為親水性可膨脹聚合物)
錠劑組成,mg/錠:
核心
活性成分層
滲透層
外殼
約5至6小時後,已釋放80%式(II)化合物。式(II)化合物從該滲透釋放系統1釋出之型態示於圖12。
滲透釋放系統2(雙腔系統,以聚環氧乙烷作為親水性可膨脹聚合物)
錠劑組成,mg/錠:
核心
活性成分層
滲透層
外殼
約6小時後,已釋放80%式(II)化合物。式(II)化合物從該滲透釋放系統2釋出之型態示於圖13。
滲透釋放系統3(雙腔系統,以聚環氧乙烷作為親水性可膨脹聚合物)
錠劑組成,mg/錠:
活性成分層與滲透層(核心)之組成對應於操作實例2。
外殼
約11小時後,已釋放80%式(II)化合物。式(II)化合物從該滲透釋放系統3釋出之型態示於圖14。
滲透釋放系統4(雙腔系統,以聚環氧乙烷作為親水性可膨脹聚合物)
錠劑組成,mg/錠:
活性成分層與滲透層(核心)之組成對應於操作實例2。
外殼
約15小時後,已釋放80%式(II)化合物。式(II)化合物從該滲透釋放系統4釋出之型態示於圖15。
滲透釋放系統5(雙腔系統,以聚環氧乙烷作為親水性可膨脹聚合物)
錠劑組成,mg/錠:
核心
活性成分層
滲透層
外殼
測定該滲透釋放系統5之式(II)化合物含量(活性成分含量)(n=10)。以所宣稱之100%活性成分含量計,測得最低活性成分含量為93.8%及最高活性成分含量為103.7%。標準偏差為3.1%。
約10小時後,已釋放80%式(II)化合物。式(II)化合物從該滲透釋放系統5釋出之型態示於圖16。
滲透釋放系統6(雙腔系統,以聚環氧乙烷作為親水性可膨脹聚合物)
錠劑組成,mg/錠:
核心
活性成分層
滲透層
外殼
測定該滲透釋放系統6之式(II)化合物含量(活性成分含量)(n=10)。以所宣稱之100%活性成分含量計,測得最低活性成分含量為96.3%及最高活性成分含量為101.2%。標準偏差為1.4%。
約10小時後,已釋放80%式(II)化合物。式(II)化合物從該滲透釋放系統6釋出之型態示於圖17。
滲透釋放系統7(雙腔系統,以Kollidon VA 64作為親水性可膨脹聚合物)
錠劑組成,mg/錠:
核心
活性成分層
滲透層
外殼
約8.5小時後,已釋放80%式(II)化合物。式(II)化合物從該滲透釋放系統7(其額外塗佈6mg塗佈組成物,如下文說明)釋出之型態示於圖18。
滲透釋放系統8(單腔系統,以Kollidon VA 64與黃原膠作為親水性可膨脹聚合物)
錠劑組成,mg/錠:
核心
外殼
約18小時後,已釋放80%式(II)化合物。式(II)化合物從該滲透釋放系統8釋出之型態示於圖19。
滲透釋放系統9(單腔系統,以聚環氧乙烷作為親水性可膨脹聚合物)
錠劑組成,mg/錠:
核心
外殼
約14小時後,已釋放80%式(II)化合物。式(II)化合物從該滲透釋放系統9釋出之型態示於圖20。
* 5%濃度水溶液之黏度(25℃,布氏黏度計,機型RVT,1號轉軸,轉速:50rpm):40-100mPa.s(例如:POLYOXTM Water-Soluble Resin NF WSR N-80;Dow)
** 1%濃度水溶液之黏度(25℃,布氏黏度計,機型RVF,2號轉軸,轉速:2rpm):5000-8000mPa.s(例如:POLYOXTM Water-Soluble Resin NF WSR Coagulant;Dow)
可視需要在所呈現之滲透釋放系統上施加包衣。針對滲透釋放系統5、6與7,製備如下組成之包衣,每個滲透釋放系統施加6mg。
包衣
熟悉此相關技藝之人士咸了解,包衣用量可以隨例如:該滲透釋放系統之大小及表面調整。此時,以百分比計之包衣組份之組成仍然不變。
滲透釋放系統1至6之製法:
製造活性成分層時,由呈微粉化型之式(II)化合物、羥丙基甲基纖維素(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Hypromellose」,黏度5mPa.s;於2%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定)、與聚環氧乙烷(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Macrogols,High Molecular Mass」;黏度40至100mPa.s,於5%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定;POLYOXTM Water-Soluble Resin NF WSR N-80;Dow)於攪拌機中混合。此預混合物過篩,再混合一次後,採用軋輥造粒法進行乾式造粒,最後過篩。所得顆粒與細粉化矽石(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Silica,colloidal anhydrous」;二氧化矽,Aerosil® 200)混合。添加過篩後之硬脂酸鎂(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Magnesium Stearate」),然後最後一次混合,產生準備用於壓錠之混合物。
製造滲透層時,由紅色氧化鐵(例如:CAS編號1309-37-1)、羥丙基甲基纖維素(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Hypromellose」;黏度5mPa.s;於2%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定)、聚環氧乙烷(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Macrogols,High Molecular Mass」;黏度5000至8000mPa.s;於1%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定;POLYOXTM Water-Soluble Resin NF WSR Coagulant;Dow)與氯化鈉(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Sodium Chloride」)於攪拌機中混合。此預混合物進行乾式造粒後,過篩。添加過篩後之硬脂酸
鎂(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Magnesium Stearate」),然後最後一次混合,產生準備用於壓錠之混合物。
雙層錠劑係於雙層壓錠機上壓錠製成。首先,調整壓錠機至活性成分層(錠劑之下層)之壓錠重量。然後添加滲透層(錠劑之上層)之顆粒至預先壓縮之錠劑下層部份,因此得到各雙層錠劑核心之錠劑總重量(直徑約8mm)。
製造外殼時,由乙酸纖維素(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Cellulose acetate」)溶於丙酮。添加包含聚乙二醇3350(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Macrogols」;平均分子質量3350g/mol)之水溶液至乙酸纖維素溶液中,混合。使用適合有機塗佈法之塗佈單元,取此溶液噴灑在雙層錠劑之錠劑核心上。
使用例如:半自動式鑽孔機,在外殼之活性成分層面上鑽出一個大小(直徑)約1mm的孔。可能利用顏色區分活性成分層與滲透層。活性成分層為白色至淡橙色。由於已添加氧化鐵,因此滲透層為橙紅色。
可視需要施加包衣,這一部份可視需要包含輔劑,如:用於著色之色素。因此,取聚乙烯基醇(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Poly(vinyl alcohol)」)與聚乙二醇3350(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Macrogols」;平均分子質量3350g/mol)溶於室溫下之水中,攪拌混合。在攪拌下,逐次少量添加滑石(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Talc」)、二氧化鈦(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Titanium dioxide」)與氧化鐵(例如:CAS編號1309-37-1之紅色氧化鐵與CAS編號51274-00-1或20344-49-4之黃色氧化鐵)。所得包衣懸浮液使用合適塗佈單元(例如:Glatt塗佈機)施加在錠劑核心上。此等塗佈法係用在滲透釋放系統5與6之例子。
滲透釋放系統7之製法:
製造活性成分層時,由呈微粉化形式之式(II)化合物、羥丙基甲基纖維素(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Hypromellose」;黏度5mPa.s;於2%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定)與Kollidon VA 64(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Copovidone」)於攪拌機中混合。此預混合物過篩,再混合一次後,採用軋輥造粒法進行乾式造粒,最後過篩。所得顆粒與細粉化矽石(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Silica,colloidal anhydrous」;二氧化矽,Aerosil® 200)
混合。添加過篩後之硬脂酸鎂(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Magnesium Stearate」),然後最後一次混合,產生準備用於壓錠之混合物。
製造滲透層時,由紅色氧化鐵(例如:CAS編號1309-37-1)、羥丙基甲基纖維素(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Hypromellose」;黏度5mPa.s;於2%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定)、聚環氧乙烷(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Macrogols,High Molecular Mass」;黏度5000至8000mPa.s;於1%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定;POLYOXTM Water-Soluble Resin NF WSR N-80;Dow)與氯化鈉(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Sodium Chloride」)於攪拌機中混合。
此預混合物進行乾式造粒法後,過篩。添加過篩後之硬脂酸鎂(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Magnesium Stearate」),然後最後一次混合,產生準備用於壓錠之混合物。
雙層錠劑係於雙層壓錠機上壓錠製成。首先,調整壓錠機至活性成分層(錠劑之下層)之壓錠重量。然後添加滲透層(錠劑之上層)之顆粒至預先壓縮之錠劑下層部份,因此得到各雙層錠劑核心之錠劑總重量(直徑約8mm)。
製造外殼時,由乙酸纖維素(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Cellulose acetate」)溶於丙酮。添加包含聚乙二醇3350(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Macrogols」;平均分子質量3350g/mol)之水溶液至乙酸纖維素溶液中,而將其混合。使用適合有機塗佈法之塗佈單元,取此溶液噴灑在雙層錠劑之錠劑核心上。
使用半自動式鑽孔機,在外殼之活性成分層面上鑽出一個大小(直徑)約1mm的孔。可能利用顏色區分活性成分層與滲透層。活性成分層為白色至淡橙色。由於已添加氧化鐵,因此滲透層為橙紅色。
隨後,使用包含用於著色之色素之包衣進行塗佈。因此,取聚乙烯基醇(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Poly(vinyl alcohol)」)與聚乙二醇3350(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Macrogols」;平均分子質量3350g/mol)溶於室溫下之水中,攪拌混合。在攪拌下,逐次少量添加滑石(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Talc」)、二氧化鈦(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Titanium dioxide」)與氧化鐵(例如:CAS編號1309-37-1之紅色氧
化鐵與CAS編號51274-00-1或20344-49-4之黃色氧化鐵)。或者,可由相同組成之最終包衣懸浮於水中。所得包衣水性懸浮液使用合適塗佈單元(例如:Glatt塗佈機)施加在錠劑核心上。
滲透釋放系統8之製法:
由呈微粉化形式之式(II)化合物、黃原膠(「Xanthan FN Lebensmittelqualität normal」(製造商Jungbunzlauer Ladenburg GmbH),對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Xanthan gum」)、Kollidon VA 64(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Copovidone」)、氯化鈉(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Sodium Chloride」)、碳酸氫鈉、與羧甲基澱粉鈉(Explotab)於攪拌機中混合(預混合)。取羥丙基甲基纖維素(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Hypromellose」;黏度3mPa.s;於2%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定)溶於水(造粒液體)中。
取預混合物加至流化床造粒機中,並在流化床中使用造粒液體造粒。然後讓顆粒在流化床上乾燥。取乾燥且過篩之顆粒與細粉化矽石(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Silica,colloidal anhydrous」;二氧化矽,Aerosil® 200)混合。添加過篩後之硬脂酸鎂(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Magnesium Stearate」),然後最後一次混合,產生準備用於壓錠之混合物。
使用錠劑直徑約9mm及錠劑破裂強度為約50至60N進行壓錠。
製造外殼時,由乙酸纖維素(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Cellulose acetate」)溶於丙酮。添加包含聚乙二醇3350(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Macrogols」;平均分子質量3350g/mol)之水溶液至乙酸纖維素溶液中,而將其混合。使用適合有機塗佈法之塗佈單元,取此溶液噴灑在錠劑核心上。
使用半自動式鑽孔機,在外殼上鑽出一個大小(直徑)約1mm的孔。
滲透釋放系統9之製法:
製造錠劑核心時,由呈微粉化形式之式(II)化合物、羥丙基甲基纖維素(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Hypromellose」;黏度5mPa.s;於2%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定)、氯化鈉(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論
文「Sodium Chloride」)與聚環氧乙烷於攪拌機中混合。此預混合物過篩,再混合一次後,與細粉化矽石(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Silica,colloidal anhydrous」;二氧化矽,Aerosil® 200)混合。添加過篩後之硬脂酸鎂(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Magnesium Stearate」),然後最後一次混合,產生準備用於壓錠之混合物。或者,預混合物亦可採用軋輥造粒法進行乾式造粒,及最後過篩。
採用錠劑直徑約8mm及錠劑破裂強度為約80至110N進行壓錠。
製造外殼時,由乙酸纖維素(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Cellulose acetate」)溶於丙酮。添加包含聚乙二醇3350(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Macrogols」;平均分子質量3350g/mol)之水溶液至乙酸纖維素溶液中,混合。使用適合有機塗佈法之塗佈單元,取此溶液噴灑在錠劑核心上。
使用例如:半自動式鑽孔機,在外殼上鑽出一個大小(直徑)約1mm的孔。
除非另有更詳細說明,否則用於製備滲透釋放系統之物質係指熟悉此相關技藝之人士已知使用名稱之醫藥輔劑,且若列於其中一種藥典中時,其符合歐洲(Ph.Eur.9)、美國(USP 41與NF 36)與/或日本(JP,第1版)各藥典專題論文之要求。
釋放特性
採用美國藥典(US Pharmacopoeia)USP 39(第<711>章,Dissolution)之方法,使用槳板2(槳板試驗)測定錠劑中活性成分之釋放。測定釋放速率時,取錠劑加至USP裝置2之各釋放容器中,在濾出未溶解之組成份後,採用HPLC測定進入溶液中之活性成分量。所使用之釋放介質為不添加界面活性劑之磷酸鹽緩衝劑pH 6.8,USP裝置2之槳板攪拌器之轉速為每分鐘100轉。除非另有說明,否則測定至少6個試驗樣本。每一例均報告活性成分之平均釋放量。
圖12出示滲透釋放系統1以時間為函數之式(II)化合物釋放百分比。
圖13出示滲透釋放系統2以時間為函數之式(II)化合物釋放百分比。
圖14出示滲透釋放系統3以時間為函數之式(II)化合物釋放百分比。
圖15出示滲透釋放系統4以時間為函數之式(II)化合物釋放百分比。
圖16出示滲透釋放系統5以時間為函數之式(II)化合物釋放百分比。
圖17出示滲透釋放系統6以時間為函數之式(II)化合物釋放百分比。
圖18出示滲透釋放系統7以時間為函數之式(II)化合物釋放百分比。
圖19出示滲透釋放系統8以時間為函數之式(II)化合物釋放百分比。
圖20出示滲透釋放系統9以時間為函數之式(II)化合物釋放百分比。
二元物理性混合物之熱分析研究法
為了表示在熱分析研究法中之相容性,先在平底圓碗中,在式(II)與(I)化合物中添加等量親水性可膨脹聚合物,使用搗杵研磨成均勻粉末混合物(研磨比例1:1,二元混合物)。測試作為親水性可膨脹聚合物之聚環氧乙烷(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Macrogols,High Molecular Mass」;黏度40至100mPa.s;於5%濃度之水溶液,25℃下測定;POLYOXTM Water-Soluble Resin NF WSR N-80;Dow)、黃原膠(「Xanthan FN Lebensmittelqualität normal」,製造商Jungbunzlauer Ladenburg GmbH,對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Xanthan gum」)、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(Kollidon VA 64,對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Copovidone」)、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮(PVP 25,對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Povidone」)、甲基丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(Eudragit® L100,對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Methacrylic acid-Methyl Methacrylate Copolymer(1:1)」)、甲基丙
烯酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(Eudragit® RL PO,對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Ammonio Methacrylate Copolymer(TYPE A)」)、羥丙基纖維素(HPC LM Nisso,對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Hydroxypropylcellulose」)、與聚丙烯酸(對應於Ph.Eur.(第9版)專題論文「Carbomers」;名稱:Polyacrylic acid,MW 1,080,000 aver.MN 135,000;Acros Organics)。
採用熱分析法判別物理性混合物與各個別組份之特徵。在差示掃瞄量熱器上記錄熱像圖。因此,各例取約5mg樣本於鋁盤上,在氮氣(50ml/min)下,採用加熱速率10K/min加熱,直到到達所測定化合物之熔點。
圖1出示式(I)化合物、聚環氧乙烷、及式(I)化合物與聚環氧乙烷之二元混合物之熱像圖。
圖2出示式(II)化合物、聚環氧乙烷、及式(II)化合物與聚環氧乙烷之二元混合物之熱像圖。
圖3出示式(II)化合物、黃原膠、及式(II)化合物與黃原膠之二元混合物之熱像圖。
圖4出示式(II)化合物、乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、及式(II)化合物與乙烯基吡咯啶酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物之二元混合物之熱像圖。
圖5出示式(II)化合物、PVP25、及式(II)化合物與PVP25之二元混合物之熱像圖。
圖6出示式(II)化合物、HPC LM、及式(II)化合物與HPC LC之二元混合物之熱像圖。
圖7出示式(II)化合物、Eudragit L100、及式(II)化合物與Eudragit L100之二元混合物之熱像圖。
圖8出示式(II)化合物、Eudragit RL PO、及式(II)化合物與Eudragit RL PO之二元混合物之熱像圖。
圖9出示式(II)化合物、聚丙烯酸、及式(II)化合物與聚丙烯酸之二元混合物之熱像圖。
Claims (15)
- 如請求項1之滲透釋放系統,其中該核心包含由活性成分層與滲透層組成之雙腔系統。
- 如請求項2之滲透釋放系統,其中該活性成分層包含:●1%重量比至50%重量比之式(II)化合物,●20%重量比至99%重量比之至少一種親水性可膨脹聚合物,可視需要選用之至少一種滲透活性添加劑與可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑,且該滲透層包含:●40%重量比至90%重量比之至少一種親水性可膨脹聚合物,●10%重量比至60%重量比之滲透活性添加劑,及可視需要選用之至少一種醫藥上常用之輔劑。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之滲透釋放系統,其中該至少一種親水性可膨脹聚合物為聚環氧乙烷。
- 一種製備如請求項1至4中任一項之滲透釋放系統之方法,其特徵在於由該核心的組份係互相混合、造粒與壓錠,所得核心係以外殼包覆,最後於該外殼上形成一或多個適合釋出式(II)化合物之孔洞。
- 一種製備如請求項2至4中任一項之滲透釋放系統之方法,其特徵在於●混合活性成分層之組份並造粒,且●混合滲透層之組份並造粒,●隨後將兩組顆粒於雙層壓錠機上壓成雙層錠劑,●然後在所得核心上包覆外殼,及●在該外殼之活性成分側上形成一或多個孔洞。
- 如請求項7之式(II)化合物,其係呈修飾1的結晶型,其特徵在於該化合物之X-射線繞射圖所具有之2θ角最高峰係出現在8.1、17.2、18.8、22.3與22.6°。
- 如請求項7或8中任一項之式(II)化合物,其係呈修飾1的結晶型,其特徵在於該化合物之IR光譜所具有之最強波帶出現在3381、1691、1565、1524與1419cm-1。
- 如請求項7至9中任一項之化合物,其係用於治療及/或預防疾病。
- 如請求項7至9中任一項之化合物,其係供治療及/或預防腎與心腎疾患(特別是慢性腎臟病(CKD)與糖尿病性腎臟疾病(DKD))、心臟與心血管疾患(特別是心臟衰竭(HFpEF與HFrEF)、心肌梗塞、心絞痛、心肌病變、高血壓與動脈硬化)、肺與心肺疾患(特別是肺高血壓(PH))、眼部疾患(特別是非增殖性糖尿病性視網膜病變(NPDR)與糖尿病性黃斑水腫(DME))、中樞神經系統疾患(特別是失智症)、骨疾患(特別是成骨不全)、血栓栓塞性疾患、肌營養不良症、局部缺血、血管疾患、微循環受損、纖維化疾患(特別是全身性硬化症)、炎性疾患與代謝疾患(特別是代謝症候群、血脂異常與糖尿病)。
- 一種藥物,其包含如請求項7至9中任一項所定義之化合物且組合使用一或多種選自下列各物所組成群組中之其他活性成分:有機硝酸鹽、一氧化氮釋放劑、cGMP-PDE抑制劑、鳥苷酸環化酶之刺激劑、抗血栓劑、抗高血壓劑、MR拮抗劑、IP受體促效劑、具有消炎作用之化合物、抗失智藥、抗糖尿病劑、修飾脂肪代謝之活性化合物、及治療骨與肌肉疾患之活性化合物。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之滲透釋放系統,其係供治療及/或預防腎與心腎疾患(特別是慢性腎臟病(CKD)與糖尿病性腎臟疾病(DKD))、心臟與心血管疾患(特別是心臟衰竭(HFpEF與HFrEF)、心肌梗塞、心絞痛、心肌病變、高血壓與動脈硬化)、肺與心肺疾患(特別是肺高血壓(PH))、眼部疾患(特別是非 增殖性糖尿病性視網膜病變(NPDR)與糖尿病性黃斑水腫(DME))、中樞神經系統疾患(特別是失智症)、骨疾患(特別是成骨不全)、血栓栓塞性疾患、肌營養不良症、局部缺血、血管疾患、微循環受損、纖維化疾患(特別是全身性硬化症)、炎性疾患與代謝疾患(特別是代謝症候群、血脂異常與糖尿病)。
- 一種治療及/或預防人類與動物之腎與心腎疾患(特別是慢性腎臟病(CKD)與糖尿病性腎臟疾病(DKD))、心臟與心血管疾患(特別是心臟衰竭(HFpEF與HFrEF)、心肌梗塞、心絞痛、心肌病變、高血壓與動脈硬化)、肺與心肺疾患(特別是肺高血壓(PH))、眼部疾患(特別是非增殖性糖尿病性視網膜病變(NPDR)與糖尿病性黃斑水腫(DME))、中樞神經系統疾患(特別是失智症)、骨疾患(特別是成骨不全)、血栓栓塞性疾患、肌營養不良症、局部缺血、血管疾患、微循環受損、纖維化疾患(特別是全身性硬化症)、炎性疾患與代謝疾患(特別是代謝症候群、血脂異常與糖尿病)之方法,其係投與有效量之如請求項7至9中任一項所定義之化合物或如請求項1至4中任一項所定義之滲透釋放系統。
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| EC (1) | ECSP21003707A (zh) |
| IL (1) | IL280083A (zh) |
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| TW (1) | TW202019402A (zh) |
| UY (1) | UY38308A (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2020020789A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020245342A1 (en) | 2019-06-07 | 2020-12-10 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | The use of sgc activators for the treatment of ophthalmologic diseases |
| CN112557533A (zh) * | 2020-11-29 | 2021-03-26 | 北京康立生医药技术开发有限公司 | 一种恩格列净的分析方法 |
| CN117337278A (zh) * | 2021-05-14 | 2024-01-02 | 南京明德新药研发有限公司 | 烷基羧酸化合物及其应用 |
| EP4536205A1 (en) | 2022-06-09 | 2025-04-16 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Soluble guanylate cyclase activators for use in the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in women |
| CN117982443B (zh) * | 2022-10-31 | 2026-03-06 | 优辉药业(北京)有限公司 | 一种达格列净二甲双胍缓释片剂 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US3916899A (en) | 1973-04-25 | 1975-11-04 | Alza Corp | Osmotic dispensing device with maximum and minimum sizes for the passageway |
| GB1478759A (en) | 1974-11-18 | 1977-07-06 | Alza Corp | Process for forming outlet passageways in pills using a laser |
| US4063064A (en) | 1976-02-23 | 1977-12-13 | Coherent Radiation | Apparatus for tracking moving workpiece by a laser beam |
| US4111202A (en) * | 1976-11-22 | 1978-09-05 | Alza Corporation | Osmotic system for the controlled and delivery of agent over time |
| US4327725A (en) | 1980-11-25 | 1982-05-04 | Alza Corporation | Osmotic device with hydrogel driving member |
| US4765989A (en) | 1983-05-11 | 1988-08-23 | Alza Corporation | Osmotic device for administering certain drugs |
| NZ206600A (en) | 1983-05-11 | 1987-01-23 | Alza Corp | Osmotic drug delivery device |
| EP0277092B1 (de) | 1987-01-14 | 1992-01-29 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Therapeutisches System für schwerlösliche Wirkstoffe |
| DE19747261A1 (de) * | 1997-10-25 | 1999-04-29 | Bayer Ag | Osmotisches Arzneimittelfreisetzungssystem |
| DE19834044A1 (de) | 1998-07-29 | 2000-02-03 | Bayer Ag | Neue substituierte Pyrazolderivate |
| DE19834047A1 (de) | 1998-07-29 | 2000-02-03 | Bayer Ag | Substituierte Pyrazolderivate |
| ATE433318T1 (de) * | 1999-02-10 | 2009-06-15 | Pfizer Prod Inc | Osmotisches system zur verabreichung von wirkstoffen, die feste amorphe dispersionen enthalten |
| AR031176A1 (es) | 2000-11-22 | 2003-09-10 | Bayer Ag | Nuevos derivados de pirazolpiridina sustituidos con piridina |
| US20030161882A1 (en) | 2002-02-01 | 2003-08-28 | Waterman Kenneth C. | Osmotic delivery system |
| DE10220570A1 (de) | 2002-05-08 | 2003-11-20 | Bayer Ag | Carbamat-substituierte Pyrazolopyridine |
| DE102004062475A1 (de) | 2004-12-24 | 2006-07-06 | Bayer Healthcare Ag | Feste, oral applizierbare pharmazeutische Darreichungsformen mit modifizierter Freisetzung |
| DE102008059206A1 (de) | 2008-11-27 | 2010-06-10 | Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | Pharmazeutische Darreichungsform enthaltend Nifedipin oder Nisoldipin und einen Angiotensin-II Antagonisten und/oder ein Diuretikum |
| DE102010021637A1 (de) | 2010-05-26 | 2011-12-01 | Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | Substituierte 5-Fluor-1H-Pyrazolopyridine und ihre Verwendung |
| EA201390060A1 (ru) | 2010-07-09 | 2013-07-30 | Байер Интеллектуэль Проперти Гмбх | Аннелированные пиримидины и триазины и их применение для лечения и/или профилактики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний |
| DE102010040233A1 (de) | 2010-09-03 | 2012-03-08 | Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | Bicyclische Aza-Heterocyclen und ihre Verwendung |
| DE102010043379A1 (de) | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-10 | Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | Substituierte 6-Fluor-1H-Pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridine und ihre Verwendung |
| DE102011007272A1 (de) * | 2011-04-13 | 2012-10-18 | Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | Verzweigte 3-Phenylpropionsäure-Derivate und ihre Verwendung |
| UY34856A (es) * | 2012-07-03 | 2013-12-31 | Bayer Pharma AG | Formas de presentación farmacéuticas que contienen 5-cloro-n-({(5s)-2-oxo-3-[4-(3-oxo-4- morfolinil)-fenil]-1,3-oxazolidin-5-il}-metil)-2-tiofencarboxamida |
| SG11202004577VA (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2020-06-29 | Bayer Pharma AG | Method for producing (3s)-3-(4-chlor-3-{[(2s,3r)-2-(4-chlorphenyl)-4,4,4-trifluor-3-methylbutanoyl]amino}phenyl)-3-cyclo-propylpropanoic acid and the crystalline form thereof for use as a pharmaceutical ingredient |
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2019
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- 2019-07-19 JO JOP/2021/0019A patent/JOP20210019A1/ar unknown
- 2019-07-19 SG SG11202100369WA patent/SG11202100369WA/en unknown
- 2019-07-19 PE PE2021000084A patent/PE20210415A1/es unknown
- 2019-07-19 JP JP2021503578A patent/JP2021532113A/ja active Pending
- 2019-07-19 EP EP19740580.6A patent/EP3826627B1/de active Active
- 2019-07-19 CN CN201980049223.8A patent/CN112469402B/zh active Active
- 2019-07-19 WO PCT/EP2019/069561 patent/WO2020020789A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2019-07-19 CR CR20210043A patent/CR20210043A/es unknown
- 2019-07-19 MX MX2021000904A patent/MX2021000904A/es unknown
- 2019-07-19 TW TW108125542A patent/TW202019402A/zh unknown
- 2019-07-19 AU AU2019311234A patent/AU2019311234A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-07-19 MA MA053368A patent/MA53368A/fr unknown
- 2019-07-19 BR BR112020026644-2A patent/BR112020026644A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2019-07-19 CA CA3107169A patent/CA3107169A1/en active Pending
- 2019-07-19 KR KR1020217004994A patent/KR20210035235A/ko not_active Withdrawn
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| CL2021000160A1 (es) | 2021-06-04 |
| DOP2021000015A (es) | 2021-02-15 |
| IL280083A (en) | 2021-03-01 |
| CA3107169A1 (en) | 2020-01-30 |
| CN112469402A (zh) | 2021-03-09 |
| ECSP21003707A (es) | 2021-02-26 |
| EP3826627A1 (de) | 2021-06-02 |
| PE20210415A1 (es) | 2021-03-04 |
| MA53368A (fr) | 2021-06-02 |
| WO2020020789A1 (de) | 2020-01-30 |
| PH12021550170A1 (en) | 2021-09-13 |
| EP3826627C0 (de) | 2023-10-18 |
| CO2021000450A2 (es) | 2021-01-29 |
| EP3826627B1 (de) | 2023-10-18 |
| SG11202100369WA (en) | 2021-02-25 |
| KR20210035235A (ko) | 2021-03-31 |
| AU2019311234A1 (en) | 2021-02-04 |
| CR20210043A (es) | 2021-03-09 |
| JP2021532113A (ja) | 2021-11-25 |
| CN112469402B (zh) | 2024-05-14 |
| UY38308A (es) | 2020-02-28 |
| MX2021000904A (es) | 2021-03-31 |
| JOP20210019A1 (ar) | 2021-01-24 |
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