TW487580B - Improved formulation for controlled release of drugs by combining hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents - Google Patents

Improved formulation for controlled release of drugs by combining hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents Download PDF

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Publication number
TW487580B
TW487580B TW085106878A TW85106878A TW487580B TW 487580 B TW487580 B TW 487580B TW 085106878 A TW085106878 A TW 085106878A TW 85106878 A TW85106878 A TW 85106878A TW 487580 B TW487580 B TW 487580B
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Taiwan
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implant
release
patent application
item
drug
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TW085106878A
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Frank Kochinke
Vernon G Wong
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Oculex Pharm Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/205Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A61K9/2054Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/0008Introducing ophthalmic products into the ocular cavity or retaining products therein
    • A61F9/0017Introducing ophthalmic products into the ocular cavity or retaining products therein implantable in, or in contact with, the eye, e.g. ocular inserts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/34Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A61K9/0024Solid, semi-solid or solidifying implants, which are implanted or injected in body tissue
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0048Eye, e.g. artificial tears
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0048Eye, e.g. artificial tears
    • A61K9/0051Ocular inserts or implants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2013Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/2031Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, poloxamers
    • A61K9/204Polyesters, e.g. poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02Ophthalmic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04Antibacterial agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0004Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof bioabsorbable

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Rheumatology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Description

487580 A7 B7 五、發明説明(1 ) 發明內容: 介紹 技術領域 經配製以供控制並持續釋出藥物的生物可降解的植入 劑0 發明背景 那提供活性成份之持續釋出的固態醫藥活性植入劑可 以在體內提供較均勻濃度之活性成份。植入劑特別有用於 在經延長時間中供在一特別標的位置上提供高.局部濃度。 這些持續釋出之劑型降低了欲投服之藥物的劑量數且避免 在傳統藥物治療中所發現之尖峰和低的藥物濃度。生物可 降解之遞出系統的使用具有以下之進一步利益。用完之植 入劑無需由標的位置上除去。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 緩釋植入劑之很多預期的利益與在較恆定程度下之持 續釋出有關。但是,具有生物可降解基質之疏水性藥物的 配方可以具有一釋出外形,其直到基質侵蝕前顯出甚少或 無釋出,而在基質侵蝕之時則有藥物之傾卸。 在配製可植入之藥物時特別令人感興趣的是眼睛,因 爲可以降低所需外科手術的量,且特別地對眼睛有效程度 之藥物。當一溶液直接注入眼睛時,藥物很快地被洗出或 由眼睛進入一般循環而消耗。由治療觀點而言,此現象就 好像一點也沒有給藥一般。因爲此種遞藥於眼中之固有困 難性,眼疾之成功的藥物治療是不適合的。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 487580 A7 _ __ B7 五、發明説明(2 ) ‘ 經改良之持續釋出配方使得恆定藥物釋出速率成爲可 能,對醫學及獸醫用途而言是令人感興趣的。 相關文獻 美國專利 4,997,652 及 5,164,188 揭示生物可相容之植入劑,以供引入眼之眼前房或後段而 治療眼疾。
Heller, Biodegradable Polymers in Control led Drug Delivery, in CRC Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, V o 1 . 1·, CRC
Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1 987,pp 39-90 描述供控制藥 物遞出之包膠作用。Heller在:Hydrogels in Medicine and Pharmacy, N.A. Peppes ed., Vol. Ill, CRC Press, B o c a R a t o n,F L,1 9 8 7,p p 1 3 7 - 1 4 9 中,進一步描述生物 可侵蝕之聚合物。Anderson 等人,Contraception ( 1 9 7 6 ) 13:375 及 Miller 等人,J.Biomed. Materials R e s , ( 1977 )11:711,描述聚(dL_乳酸)之不同性質。美國專利 5,0 7 5,1 1 5揭示具有乳酸聚合物及共聚物之持續 釋出配方。
Di Colo ( 1 99 2 ) B i omat er i a 1 1 3:85 0 - 856 描述藥物 由疏水性聚合物中控釋。 發明概要 提供生物可降解植入劑之組成物及方法,該劑被配製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格( 210X 297公釐)_ $ _ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 袭· 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 487580 A7 B7__ 五、發明説明(3 ) 以提供一經控制,持續之藥物釋出。釋出速率藉結合疏水 及親水劑於植入劑中而調節。釋出調節劑可用來加速或延 遲釋出速率。任意地,調節劑將是一治療活性劑。本發明 提供一具有經限制釋出外形之活性劑之結合物的持續釋出 植入劑。 圖之簡述 圖1A顯示一疏水性藥物由延伸釋出藥物遞出系統釋 出之外形。圖1 B顯示當配製於一具有釋出調節劑之藥物 遞出系統中時,相同藥物之釋出外形。 圖2 A顯示在釋出修飾劑席迫氟拉沙新HCj?( ciproflaxacin HC1 )之存在或不存在下,迪克沙馬塞松 (dexa methasone)之釋出外形。圖2 B顯出在迪克沙馬 塞松存在下,席迫氟拉沙新之釋出。圖2 C顯出在釋出修 飾劑不存在下,席迫氟拉沙新之釋出。圖2 D顯示由一具 有經結合之親水及疏水藥物,及進一步具有醫藥惰釋出修 飾劑之藥物遞出系統的釋出外形。 圖3顯示眼睛之橫截面視圖。 特定實體之描述 藉一經改良之緩釋生物可降解植入劑之配方來達成經 控制之藥物釋出。由一植入劑釋出藥物之速率藉添加一釋 出調節劑於植入劑中而調節。疏水劑之釋出藉包含一加速 劑於植入劑中而增加,但包含一阻滯劑以減低親水劑之釋 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐)_ 6 _ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 487580 A7 B7 五、發明説明(4 ) 出速率。釋出調節劑可以是生理惰性或醫藥活性劑。令人 感興趣之配方包括消炎藥如類皮質糖,NSA I D等,結 合以一眼的活性劑。 治療活性劑之釋出速率受經由植入劑聚合基質的輸送 速率及調節劑之作用的控制。藉著調節釋出速率,此藥劑 在所要之時間期間中,以一在治療劑量範圍內之實質恆定 速率來釋出。在所要時間期間內,釋出速率一般變化並不 超過約1 0 0%,更通常是不超過5 0%。製成此藥劑以 在特定位置上可用,其中此藥劑被需要且保持在有效劑量 下0 經由聚合物障壁輸送藥物亦受藥物溶解性,聚合物親 水性,聚合物交聯程度,吸水後聚合物之膨脹以使聚合物 障壁更可滲透藥物,植入物之形狀等的影響。在高的藥物 負荷下,亦即在一高於理論漉過閾之負荷濃度下,漉過理 論預測藥物由藥物遞出系統基質瀝出之潛勢。在此例子中 ,釋出調節劑有用於減慢瀝出過程。 釋出調節劑是一種藥劑,其以一受限之方式改變藥物 由一生物可降解之植入劑中的釋出。其可以是一加速劑或 一阻滯劑。加速劑將是親水性化合物,與疏水劑結合使用 以增加釋出速率。親水劑是那些在周溫下在水中具有至少 約1 0 0 v g/m$溶解度之化合物。疏水劑是那些在周 溫下在水中具有少於約1 0 0 〃 g/mj?溶解度之化合物 〇 可由與一釋出調節劑之配方中獲益之治療活性劑可以 本衹張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐)_ 7 _ — : ;--^ 批衣----.--1T------丨 II (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 487580 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(5) 來自,但不限於,以下治療類別:A c e抑制劑,影響底 膜之內生的胞質分裂素;影響內皮細胞生長的藥劑;腎上 腺素刺激性激動劑或阻斷劑;醛糖還原糖抑制劑;止痛劑 :麻醉劑;抗過敏劑;抗菌劑;抗纖維劑;抗黴菌劑如安 弗鐵瑞新(amphoteracin) B ;抗青光眼劑;抗高血壓或 抗低血壓劑;消炎劑;抑制腫瘤劑;殺原蟲劑;抗腫瘤劑 、;抗病毒劑;碳酸酐酶抑制劑;螯合劑;膽碱酯酶抑制劑 ;C N S刺激劑;避孕劑;多巴胺;受體激動劑或拮抗劑 :雌激素;糖皮質激素;配糖類酶抑制劑;釋出因子;生 長激素抑制劑;生長刺激劑;溶血劑;肝燐脂.拮抗劑;免 疫調節劑;免疫抑制劑;L Η — R Η激動劑;抑制有絲分 裂劑;N S A I D ;黃體脂酮;溶解血栓劑;血管擴張劑 ;及維生素。在疏水性藥物(其典型具有一緩釋外形且因 此有利於與一釋出加速劑製成配方)是環絲孢靈( cyclosporines )如環絲孢靈A,環絲孢靈G等;長春花 生物碱,如長春新碱和長春花碱;胺甲碟呤;視黃酸;某 些抗生素如安沙黴素(ansamycins)如瑞泛並(rifampin );硝基呋喃如尼富若克沙(nifuroxazide);非類固醇 的消炎藥如袋克羅泛(diclofenac),克特羅拉( keterolac ),氟比伯羅泛(flurbiprofen),那伯羅克 刪(naproxen) ’蘇伯羅泛(suprofen) ’依標伯羅泛( ibuprofen ),阿斯匹靈;類固醇等。 類固醇是特別令人感興趣的,特別具消炎活性之類固 醇化合物,如糖皮質激素。糖皮質激素包括以下: mu- ml Β^ιϋ mu m —.Hi am— ϋ—i (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 t *—SI —I ·11 m Hal --- 1- —ϋ i m 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(2丨〇'乂297公釐)-8 _ 487580 A7 B7 五、發明説明(6 ) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 ,,‘r 0 X、 名.Η -^ .叫 .士. I S ϋΓ :: ‘十,‘丨丄, 4¾..闰 .婿.一 Φ G 0 Ή 0 10 H ..:f 3 w① t: fH 'S H 5:含 难φ rr ^ 0) L> τι 0 Η f 3 Μ, φ 轉§ ,ίΛ # ^ Μ% 11 Ά - Η Ν S m% Μ ο α; :ir (¾ '似2 〇 -κ α ν :ΛΛ : 〇 C 齋Η Φ ίΑ1 Ο Ό μ :¾ ΙΛ 0 翁f Η 3 w S S .H Φ i勺3 :w η 0 ω ^ Μ 1 ΜΈ- f t 1 s t "\J 姻蹇 :If f*W«f 〇 o i h a) Si j. c ^ t a ^ ‘ 3 .J 况f〆① 一1 -, I I V :每. 13* ΐΐ! Λ Η Μ 1- :Τ Γ .饮:. Mt ▼: H I£ Ϊ 屢3 -Η Ο ΐΛ ..“:β ..# .,ΰ 奪安 _: i 它:g 3] 5 Φ C2 Φ Ό 譯S :.i£ M 1- P 1 5: ^: :3?^ : 书…§ ; W ; i φ 5 0 X' :ti ,·*Η -Μ :r^ 1) 1.1 _一 Φ o Ή •Ή f m ig H 嫌= § 安φ Ι:Η ε〇 t Η Ιο 泰Η ω :Ό Η « Ο ¢3 1 ο Μ ^ ,·〆-rH 雜.一 Φ €:2 繫0 Μ ·Η ?g〇 CD d 0 0 .u f 〇 to CL; -H Ϊ:之 Φ Ο Η Ο C U Φ Μ ο ® 0 m. η η- a: :i3 ;1) i 1 i3 ..O \i 一 f | S 5 I G t S \i 5 Ht 刀 ;l CD :1ί a S:H i j . a? s o H 0 t ^ W ^ .必〇; # a 1 H H 0 S: Φ 13 $ ^ 補^ Ί i H t、_ s 1 〇 球ϋ I 3t如 ΞΓ i f m 響 ! Ή 1__ 〇) 〇 'Λ I: Φ ί5 H 一匁 S'- ① ι3 ^ 1 :¾ Η 1 ·.,节 ,a - 〇) Ό Η :® Ο Μ Η υ ^ S -ι . Χί 炎一 0) o , U3 iT3 :f s 1-3 JL^ O $ 0) IB: β .r^ Φ 0 Φ •f s § Φ 5 φ 13 £〇 t ϊ $ § ®s 每 f :减 濟0 .…:Λ 安rd Ί3ϊ" φ f Η Η 0) -Η ,-; O _> Φ ® ‘£J 维.H H 0 Μ φ •f a «3 φ 3 i ο Mu ;Q % ll3 tf H f清乞閱漬皆&之主意_咦降真-ί#44νει: 1 ^--裝------訂-----------^ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210:< 297公釐)_ 9 487580 A7 B7 五、發明説明( 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 m 1 5 — U φ ,1 Φ 〇 Mas 1 Φ Η -π V Β ^ Η力 ,tt. ?Η Η Μ > >: ®名5 丨心 1 m 1 1 H V :N〜 f Φ 3 為· S XX' w -, Η Φ \i ου ! 1 HO i c « v H ①ϋ 1: a 2 a>; 'S’ M: # t E: 1 -5 Η 0 u a 〇 5: 0 «Η il;匕 1 交. w: t 1 * 1 m 1 藝 f i m m 鑛 f XJ -f I S t w 雜 w m Μ 編 1 返 m m « Φ J2 . 〇 Η Φ I ® □ O r»3 β P S 〇3 ω 藝Zl S 11。 i Ή K t « t ‘縣 i i 1 一 i .当 ml m a 審3 1 1 19 叫 0 LO (T5 Λ. .i»*5 染Φ § 1 % 5 通‘5 Φ ;-J re ① o rC 靡 0) :i 〇 -, :n 、].0; ..rrr 一 m a .! :3 « 5 a) ?! § 1 m i 18 | 蒙S 1 i ®: 5 i {; | 1 ..气 丨当 1 S i备S 1 4Ph 1 f H I i-H i... s m 气 0) u (ϋ .μ 0) a <n 0) qH in m o :Ih si M ^ s ,-"j 0 ^ H P > 泰5 m 1 Μ _ M 1 :霖 I rH 、丨 __M. 罅 f i f 滅 φ — 0 Ό φ α , Η S I .¾ 審 Φ 〇 U2 >: -¾ Φ S 磨 f <D s 0 u ① 4J tn ^ s «3 :t M m <d 1 S H〇 H U2 1 H 1 0 '..、CJ H 一 — O > ^ o 一,:。 'Q: 一 — 1 H 0 'J Π3 N :.1 3 'i φ $3 1 1 1 1 i si Λν W 筚Φ f ^ 0) ^ 0 €.¾ f · Φ M. H 长 "nl/T m ..㈣ ① d 〇 Η Ο Mu Mo W H f H s m 妝 .一 m Μ 逛 谦 m Μ Ο ϋ τί Ν CO 3 Η •一 蠢 丨2: 寒 1 Φ D Η c ο 0 Η a Η W :1 f: -裝---- 11 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公釐)_ _
經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印II 487580 A7 B7 五、發明説明(8 ) 這些皮質醇衍生物已確認是具有顯著之治療效果而有 利於眼發炎疾病之治療中,隨著其化學取代基之不同,其 效力及生物耐受性亦會變化。 以下是已用於治療眼發炎中且對本發明中之使用是重 的糖皮質激素的實例:地塞米松鈉磷酸鹽;脫氫皮醇鈉磷 酸鹽;脫氫皮醇乙酸鹽;氟馬梭隆乙酸鹽;地塞米松;氟 米塞隆(fluoro methalone);及美墜松。 在這些中,地塞米松(dexamethasone )被認爲是最 具效力的,因此是用於眼內藥物遞出系統中之良好候選物 ,因爲小的藥物釋出速率足以在眼內得到治療.濃度。氟羥 脫皮醇是另一令人感興趣之供持續釋出眼內投服之藥物。 加速劑可以是生理惰性之水溶性聚合物,如低分子量 甲基纖維素或羥丙基甲基纖維素(HPMC):糖類如單 醣類,如果糖和葡萄糖,二醣類如乳糖,蔗糖,或多糖醣 類,一般地天然或未處置者,如纖維素,直鏈澱粉,葡聚 醣等。可選擇地,加速劑可以是生理活性劑,使之得到一 經結合之治療配方。在此例子中,加速劑之選擇將視所要 之治療活性的結合而決定。 釋出阻滯劑是疏水性化合物,其減緩親水性藥物釋出 速率,使之可得到更長釋出外形。對釋出調節有利之令人 感興趣之親水性藥物包括水溶性抗生素,如上述者,核替 酸類似物,如俄塞克浴微(a c y c 1 q v i r ),健塞克洛微( gancyclovir ),維達若賓(vidarabine),疊氮基胸腺 定,二去氧肌苷,二去氧胞嘧啶;腎上腺素;艾索弗拉費 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐)_ ^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ▼裝· 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 487580 A7 B7 五、發明説明(9 ) 特(1 s 0 f 1 u r p h a t e ):亞德里亞霉素;博菜霉素;絲裂霉 素;a r a — C ;放射線素D ;莨菪胺及類。 作爲釋出阻滯劑之令人感興趣的藥劑包括非水溶性聚 合物,如高分子量甲基纖維素及乙基纖維素寺,低水溶性 有機化合物,及前述之醫藥活性疏水劑。 令人感興趣之作爲活性成份和/或活性釋出調節劑結 合之藥物的範疇是具有抗微生物活性之藥物。已發現之成 功用於照顧被感染之眼睛的抗微生物藥物是:胺基配糖, 安芬尼可(amphenicols ),安沙霉素(ansamycins), 內醯胺,林可醯胺(lincosamide ),大環內酯,多肽, 四環霉素,二胺基嘧啶,硝基呋喃,喹諾酮及類似物,磺 醯胺,硕類等。在一種化合物無法涵蓋細菌感染範圍之時 ,產物可以結合數種抗菌藥物於一結合產物中。有用於治 療眼部感染之抗生素的實例包括:氨霉素;多粘菌素;新 黴素;短桿菌素;新黴素;桿菌肽;磺乙醯胺鈉;健大霉 素;席迫羅弗拉克沙新(ciprofloxacin );投巴黴素; 三甲氧爷二氨嘧η定硫酸鹽;歐弗拉沙新(ofloxacin ); 紅霉素;諾弗拉沙新(norfloxacin );萬古黴素;四環 素;及氯四環素。 抗病毒藥物亦令人感興趣。這些包括多種水溶性核苷 酸類似物,如俄塞克洛微,健塞克洛微,維達若賓,疊氮 基胸腺定,二去氧肌苷及二去氧胞嘧啶。 作爲特別令人感興趣之抗菌化合物者爲喹諾酮,其是 極有效廣泛之抗生素。這些藥物之高活性容許在低程度之 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規ϋΐ〇Χ 297公釐)-12 _ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) > 裝----.--訂-------!
-—L n - I I n I n ϋ I I 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 487580 A7 B7 五、發明説明(10) 物下達到一治療濃度。實例包括:席迫羅弗拉克沙新;諾 弗拉沙新;歐弗拉沙新;艾諾克沙新(enoxacin );洛美 弗拉沙新(lomefloxacin);弗雷羅克沙新( fleroxacin);鐵馬弗拉沙新(temafloxacin),投蘇弗 拉沙新(tosufloxacin)及波弗拉沙新(perfloxacin ) 〇 在本發明之較佳實體中,植入劑包括一消炎藥,如上 述非類固醇消炎藥或糖皮質醇,及一釋出調節劑,其中釋 出調節劑是一眼部活性劑。此結合係藉欲治療之特定狀況 ,如病毒感染,腫瘤,細菌感染等來決定。合.適之消炎藥 而後被選擇以將經結合之治療活性劑之釋出外形最適化。 令人感興趣之結合物包括消炎和抗癌,如糖皮質醇和胺甲 碟,糖皮質醇和5 —氟尿嘧啶,NSA I D和胺甲碟呤; 消炎和抗病毒,如糖皮質醇或N S A I D結合以維達若賓 ,疊氮基胸腺定,二去氧肌苷,二去氧胞嘧啶,俄塞克洛 微,弗斯卡耐特(foscarnet )或健塞克洛微;消炎及抗 菌,如糖皮質醇和喹諾酮,NSA I D和喹諾酮。 由二不同治療劑類輔遞出治療劑之醫藥需求的實例是 眼手術。眼手術常併發感染及發炎,因此,藥物產物需製 成可用於同時投服消炎和抗菌藥的。供治療手術後眼併發 症之特別感興趣者是一種遞出消炎藥和抗菌藥,如地塞米 松和席迫羅弗拉克沙新之結合物的藥物遞出系統。此二藥 物是供眼部藥物遞出之良好候選者,因其高活性。 經結合之消炎藥及抗生素或抗病毒劑可以再結合以一 本紙張尺.度適用中國國家標準(€奶)八4規格(210、乂297公釐)_13- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) _裝· 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 487580 A7 B7 一一 _ ~ ~ 一―—. .一.一 … _ — 五、發明説明(U) 另外之治療劑。此另外之治療劑可以是止痛劑如可達因( codeine ),嗎啡,克特羅拉克(keterolac ),拿波羅 山(naproxen)等;一麻醉劑,如力豆凱(lidocaine ) ;一腎上腺素能阻斷劑,如衣帕雷斯特(epalrestate ),波那雷斯特(ponalrestate),索必尼而(sorbinil ),投雷斯特(tGlrestat );抗過敏劑,如克羅摩林( cromolyn),貝特羅美松(beclomethasone),地塞米松 ,及氟拉尼梭隆(flunisolone ),可奇新( colchicine)。驅蟲劑(Anihelmintllic)劑如衣弗美克 丁( ivermectin)及蘇若明鈉(suramin sodium);殺阿 米巴劑,如氯奎和氯四環素;及殺黴菌劑如安弗鐵瑞新可 與抗生素及消炎藥一同製。供眼內使用,抗青光眼劑如乙 醯柔醯胺(acetozolamide ) (dimox ),倍芬醇( befunolol ),冷阻斷劑,鈣阻斷劑等結合以消炎及抗微 生物劑是令人感興趣的。供治療赘瘤形成,可使用與抗赘 瘤劑如長春花碱,長春新碱,干擾素a,b及g,抗代謝 物,如葉酸類似物,嘌呤類似物,嘧啶類以物之結合物。 免疫抑制劑如脒唑硫嘌呤,環絲孢靈及米索瑞賓( mizoribine)之結合是令人感興趣的。並且,有用的結合 物包括縮瞳藥如卡巴克醇(carbachol ),散瞳藥如阿托 品等,蛋白酶抑制劑如阿波羅丁因(apro tin in ),卡摩 斯特(camostat),如倍克沙特(gabexate),血管擴張 劑如舒緩激肽等及不同之生長因子及類似物如上皮細胞生 長因子,基礎纖維母細胞生長因子,神經生長因子及其類 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐)_ μ - I--------一—^-----Mwi—r (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 487580 A7 B7 五、發明説明(12) 似物。 植入劑中所用之活性劑的量(個別地或結合地),依 所要之有效劑量及由植入劑中釋出之速率來廣泛地變化。 一般,此劑將是植入劑之至少約1,更通常地至少約1 0 wt%,且通常不超過植入劑之約8 0,更通常地不超過 約4 Owt%。所用之釋出調節劑的量依所要之調節劑之 釋出外形,活性且在調節劑不存在下,依活性劑之釋出外 形而定。極緩慢或極快速釋出之藥劑將需要較高量之調節 劑。普通,調節劑是植入劑之至少1 〇,更通常地約2 0 wt%,且通常不超過植入劑之約5 0,更通.常地約4 0 w t %。 在欲應用活性劑之結合的狀況下,決定每一活性劑之 釋出外形。若需要,添加生理惰性調節劑以精確控制釋出 外形。藥物釋出將提供每一活性劑之治療程度。 調節劑和活性劑之確實比例藉配製數種具有不同量之 調節劑的植入劑而實驗地決定。將使用供溶離或釋出測試 經U S P允許之方法,以測量釋出速率(U S P 2 3 ; NF18 (1995)PP1790-1798)。例如 ,使用無限沈降方法,一藥物遞出機構之經稱重樣品添加 至一經測量體積之含有4重量份乙醇和6重量份去離子水 之溶液中,其中溶液體積將是使釋出後之藥物濃度少於飽 和度之5 %。混合物保持在3 7 °C下且緩慢地攪拌以保持 植入劑劑懸浮液中。作爲時間之函數,溶解之藥物的出現 可以在此技藝中之不同之方法,如分光光度測定地 玉紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐)_ 15 _ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、訂 487580 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(13) HPLC,質譜等之後。在介質中1小時後之藥物濃度是 在劑量中游離而未包膠之藥物的量的指標,而9 Q %藥物 被釋出所需的時間與預期之活體內劑量作用期間有關。正 常地,此釋出將會免於與某些平均値間之較大波動,而使 之有較均勻之釋出。 正常地,將配製植入劑以在至少約3日之期間中,更 常是至少約1週期間中,但常不超過約1年期間,更常不 過約3個月,釋出活性劑。對大部分而言,植入劑基質在 植入部位上將具有至少等於所要之投服期間的生理壽命, 通常至少爲所要投服期間之二倍,且可以具有.所要投服期 間之5至1 0倍的壽命。所要之釋出期間隨著所要治療之 庇狀況而改變。例如,用來供白內障手術後之植入劑會有 約3日至1週之釋出期間;葡萄膜炎之治療可能需出約4 至6週期間之釋出;而巨細胞病毒之感染可能需要超過3 至6個月,或更長之釋出。 植入劑大小是相應於所選之作爲植入部位的區域的大 小和形狀且植入劑在植入後不會由插入位置移出。植入劑 是堅硬的,或有點可撓性以促進植入劑在標的部位上之插 入及植入劑之適應。植入劑將是粒子,片,貼藥,斑纖維 ,微膠襄或其類,且可以是任何與所選之插入部位相容之 大小或形狀。 植入劑可以是整體的,即具有活性劑均匀地分佈在聚 合物基質中者,或是包膠的,其中活性劑之貯備器被聚合 物基質所包封。因製造容易,整體的劑入劑通常比包膠型 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐)_ 48758α —— f多、」t補充 附件1 A:第85106878號專利申請案中文說明書修正頁 民國89年4月呈 五、發明說明(14) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 有利。然而,因包膠所提供之較大控制,貯備器型者在某 些情況下(其中藥物之治療程度在窄範圍中)可能是有利 的。所用之聚合組成物之選擇會隨著投服部位,所要之治 療期間,病人耐受力,欲治療之疾病的本質及其類而變化 。聚合物之特性包括在植入部位上之生物可降解性,與所 要藥劑之相容性,包膠之容易性,在生理環境下至少7天 ’較佳大於2週之半生期,水溶性及其類。聚合物常包括 植入劑之至少約1 0,更常是至少約2 0%,且可以包括 約7 0 w t %之多,或更多。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 可以應用之生物可降解之聚合組成物可以是有機酯或 醚類,其當降解時會產生生理上可接受之降解產物,如單 體。可使用酸酐,醯胺,鄰酯或其類之本身或其與其它單 體之結合物。聚合物將是縮合聚合物。聚合物可以是交聯 的或非交聯的、一般是不超過輕微交聯,通常是少於5 % ,一般是少於1%。對大部分而言,除了碳和氫之外,聚 合物將包括氧和氮,特別是氧。氧可以以氧基形式存在, 如羥基或醚,羰基形式如非酮基之羰基,如羧酸酯及其類 。氮可以以醯胺,氰基及胺基形式存在。在以上Heller 中所列聚合物可以被使用且那揭示特別併入本文爲參考。 特別令人感興趣的是羥基脂族羧酸的聚合物(均或共 聚物)及多醣。在令人感興趣之聚酯中包括D -乳酸,L -乳酸,消旋乳酸.,乙醇酸之聚合物,聚己內酯及其結合 物。藉應用L 一乳酸酯或D -乳酸酯,得到緩慢降解之聚 合物,同時降解實質上以消旋物來加強。乙醇酸和乳酸之 一 17 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 487580 A7 B7 五、發明説明(15) 共聚物是特別令人感興趣的,其中降解速率受乙醇酸對乳 酸之比例所控制。最快降解的共聚物具有大約等量的乙醇 酸及乳酸。均聚物或具有不相等比例的共聚物對降解有阻 性。 在多醣中則爲藻酸鈣及官能化之纖維素,特別地是羧 甲基纖維素酯,特徵爲水溶性,約5 kD至5 0 OkD之 分子量等。生物可降解之水膠體亦可用於本發明之植入劑 中。水膠體是典型的共聚物材料,特徵爲吸液能力。可以 使用之例示的生物可降解的水膠體描述於Heller之: Hydogels in Medicine and Pharmacy , N . A . .Peppes e d. ,Vol. Ill, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FI,1987,pp 137-149 ° 可以製備粒子,其中中心可以是一材料且表面具有 一或多層之相同或不同的組成,其中各層可以被交聯,有 不同的分子量,不同密度或孔隙度或其類。例如,中心包 括聚乳酸酯,覆以聚乳酸酯-聚乙醇酸酯共聚物,以加强 起初之降解速率。乳酸酯對乙醇酸酯之大部分的比例會是 在1: 〇·1至1:1間。可選擇地,中心會是聚乙烯醇 ,覆以聚乳酸酯,以致在聚乳酸酯之降解後,中心將會溶 解且快速地自植入部位洗出。 植入劑可以用於各種不同狀況的治療中,其中方便使 用一供活性劑之儲存物,其中植入劑本身作爲一儲存物。 因此,依欲治療之特別狀況而定,植入劑可以引入宿入之 多種不同的位置,其中其方便具有一活性劑儲存物於包括 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Λ4規格(210 X297公釐)_以 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) I裝· 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 487580 A7 B7 五、發明説明(W) 眼,中樞神經系統,血管系統中,於骨中,於皮虜中,於 肌肉中,於耳中等。 供治療眼狀況,疾病,腫瘤及疾病的植入劑的配方是 特別令人感興趣的。生物可降解之植入劑,依植入劑之形 狀及配方,欲治療之狀況等來植入不同部位。合適部位包 括前房,後房,後段,包括玻璃體,腔,上脈絡膜空間, 結膜下的,鞏膜上的,角膜內的,角膜上的及鞏膜的。附 帶在玻璃體之合適部位包括上脈絡膜空間,坦部及其類。 上脈絡膜是介於內擎膜壁和附近之脈絡膜間的潛在空間。 引入上脈絡膜中之植入劑可以將要遞至脈絡膜.及至解剖上 附近的視網膜,此係依藥物由植入劑之擴散,植入劑中藥 物之濃度及其類而定。植入劑可引入無血管區之上或之中 。無血管區域可以自然發生,如坦部,或是一種藉手術或 化學方法而造成無血管的區域。手術所致之無血管區域可 以藉此技藝中已知之方法,如雷射切除術,光凝固作用, 寒冷療法,熱凝固作用,燒灼術及其類來使之產生在眼中 。特別想要在所要之治療部位之上或附近產生此種無血管 區域,此特別是發生在所要治療部位是遠離坦部或植入劑 不可能放在坦部之情況下。在無血管區域上植入劑的引入 將使藥物可以由植入劑擴散出且進入內眼且避免藥物擴散 進入血流中。 現在轉回至圖3,顯示眼之橫截面,說明依本發明之 植入部位。眼包括水晶體1 6且涵蓋玻璃體腔3。接鄰於 玻璃體腔3者是視網膜1 1之眼部分。植入可以是內視網 ^紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) 210 X 297公釐)_ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
487580 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明(17) 膜1 1或下視網膜1 2。視網膜被脈絡膜1 8所圍繞。植 入可以是視網膜內或視網膜上的。介於視網膜之眼部及水 晶體間,而鄰近於玻璃體者是坦部1 9。圍繞脈絡膜i 8 者是膜。植入可以是鞏膜內8或鞏膜上7的。眼之外表面 是角膜9。植入可以是上角膜9或內角膜1 〇。眼之內表 面是結膜6。在角膜後者是前房1,在其後是水晶體1 6 。後房2圍繞水晶體,如圖中所示的。與外表面相對的是 視神經,且及視網膜的動脈和靜脈。腦膜空間1 3,視神 經1 5及內視神經1 4之植入使藥物可以遞入中樞神經系 統且提供一機轉,藉此可以橫越血一腦障礙。 其它之植入部位包括遞送抗癌藥至赘瘤損害如腫瘤, 或損害區如周圍組織,或在那些腫瘤體已除去之位置,接 鄰於先前除去之腫瘤的組織,和/或進入在腫瘤除去後殘 留之空穴。植入劑可以用各種不同方法,包括手術方式, 注射,套針等來投服。 其它藥劑可以被使用以供多種不同之目的。例如,可 使用緩衝劑及防腐劑。可以使用之水溶性防腐劑包括亞硫 酸氫鈉,硫酸氫鈉,硫代硫酸鈉,苯鐵氯,氯丁醇,喜美 羅梭(thimerosal),乙酸苯基汞,硝酸苯基汞,甲基巴 拉並(methylparaben ),聚乙烯醇及苯乙基醇。這些藥 劑以0 . 0 0 1至約5 w t %,較佳約0 . 0 1至約2 % 之個別劑量存在。可使用之合適的水溶性緩衝劑是碳酸鈉 ,硼酸鈉,磷酸鈉,乙酸鈉,碳酸氫鈉等,如F D A所核 可供所要之投服途徑者。這些藥劑可以以足以保持系統之 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210乂 297公釐)_2〇_ .n· mBi I —.ϋ —ϋ ϋ—Bi —ϋ m ·ϋ HI ϋ-i 11-*J, —^ϋ mu i_m —ϋ ϋϋ —ϋ.— *ι^ϋ am ί 、ν'口 ^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 487580 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明(is) PH在2至9,較佳4至8之量存在。如此,緩衝劑可多 達總組成物之重量基的5 %在緩衝劑或加强劑是親水性之 情況下,其可作爲釋出調節劑且將與其它調節劑有累積效 果。類似地,親水性緩衝劑可作爲釋出阻滯劑。 植入劑可以是任何形狀,包括纖維,片,膜,微球, 球,環形碟,斑及其類。植入劑尺寸之上限決定於諸因素 ,如植入劑之耐受力,插入之尺寸上限,處置之容易性等 。在使用片或膜之狀況下,爲處置容易性之故,片或膜將 是至少約0. 5mmX0· 5mm,通常約3 — 10mm X5 — 10mm,厚約 0. 2 5 — 1. 0mm·。在使用纖 維之情況下,纖維直徑通常在0 . 0 5至3 m m範圍中。 纖維長度通常在0. 5—10mm間。球直徑在2至 4mm範圍中,與其它形狀之物體有相當的體積。 可使用植入劑之尺寸及形狀來控制釋出速率,治療期 間及在植入部位上之藥物濃度。較大的植入劑將遞出比例 上較大的劑量,但依表面積對質量之比例,可以有較慢之 釋出速率。將選擇植入劑之粒子尺寸及幾何形狀以最適合 植入部位。房如前房,後房及玻璃體房可以容納具有1至 3 mm直徑之不同幾何形狀的較大植入劑。片或環狀碟較 佳供植入於上脈絡膜中。供內視網膜植入之經限制的空間 需要較小的植入劑,其具有0. 05至1mm之直徑。 在某些情況下,可以使用植入劑之混合物,其應用相 同或不同之藥劑。以此方式,達成一種混合釋出外形,( 其在單一投服下有雙相或三相之釋出),其中釋出模型有 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐)_ 21 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 487580 A7 B7 五、發明說明(19) 很大的變化。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 可以使用不同之技術以產製植入劑。有用的技術包括 溶劑蒸發方法,相分離方法,介面方面,擠出方法,模製 方法,噴射成形方法,熱加壓方法及其類。特定方法在美 國專利4,99 7,652中討論,在本文中併入參考。 在一較佳實體中,使用擠出方法以避免在製造中溶劑之需 要。當用擠出方法時,選擇聚合物和藥物以使之在製造溫 度下,通常至少約8.5 °C下是安定的。 以下實例藉說明,但非用以限制而提供。 實驗的 實例1 不含釋出調節劑之藥物遞出系統(DD S )的製造及測試 調節劑 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 疏水性藥杨地塞米松由一延長釋出藥物遞出系統的釋 出被測量。此藥物遞出系統以地塞米松和聚乳酸/聚乙醇 酸共聚物製成。地塞米松粉末和聚乳酸聚乙醇酸( PLGA)共聚物粉末以50/50之比例均勻地混合。 良好混合之粉末充入一擠出機中,且在9 5 °C下加熱1小 時,而後經由2 0規格之銳孔來擠出。約1 〇 〇 — 1 2 0 β g之六個D D S由經擠出之纖維切割,以供藥物釋出之 分析。 每一個別的D D S置於一充滿受體介質(· 9 % N a C 1於水中)的玻璃瓿中。爲要有a無限沈降〃條件 ,選擇受體介質體積使濃度絕不超過飽和度之5 %。爲要 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 4875aa 修止 :補隻· 五、發明說明(20) 減低二次輸送現象,如在靜止邊界層中濃度極化至極小’ 每一玻璃瓿置於一在3 7 °C下之搖盪水浴中。在限定之時 間點上由每一瓿中取出樣品以供HP L C分析。HP L C 方法如在 USP 2 3 ( 1 9 9 5 ) p P 1791-1 7 9 8中描述。釋出外形示於圖1 A中。見到:以此 D D S,藥物釋出是極緩慢的。可感知之藥物釋出是在起 始後之第四周中開始的,約是在聚合物崩解時。 具有HPMC釋出調節劑之DDS的製造及測試 如上述製造一藥物遞出系統,除了包括不同濃度之親 水性羥丙基甲基纖維素(HPMC)作爲釋出調節劑之外 。用表1所示之藥物,聚合物及HPMC之結合。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 表 1 Lot# PLGA HPMC 地塞米松 Total XT014 3.5 1. 5 5 10 XT015 2 2 5 9 XT013 1. 5 1. 5 5 8 1----------倉------!訂」--------線t (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 以上述方式測試藥物之釋出。資料示於圖中。見 &紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐)^ -----—- 〜23 - 487580 A7 B7 五、發明説明(21) 到:加有HPMC者,在釋出速率上有顯著的增加。接近 零階釋出對XTO 1 4及XTO 1 5會觀察到,其中釋出 調節劑對藥物之比例是〇. 3至0_ 4。藉著選擇合適的 聚合物和釋出調節劑,可以慣常地整理藥物釋出和遞出週 期以提供一被加速或阻滯之釋出外形。 實例2 具有醫藥活性之釋出調節劑的D D S的製造及測試 如實例1所述製造一藥物遞出系統,除了包括席迫羅 弗拉克沙新(一種醫藥活性,親水性化合物).作爲釋出調 節劑。使用表2中所示之藥物,聚合物及HPMC之結合 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) # 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 表2 Lot# PLGA 釋出調節劑 藥物 XT029 5 - 5地塞米松 XT032 4 2席迫羅弗 拉克沙新 4地塞米松 XT030 5 - 5席迫羅弗拉克沙新 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 487580 鰱濟部中夬榡準局員工消費合作衽印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明(22) 如圖2 A之資料所示,地塞米松之釋出因席迫羅弗拉 克沙新之添加而增加。當與不含有調節劑之DD S比較時 ,眞實藥物之釋出幾乎是加倍。除了經增加之藥物釋出的 好處之外,伴有席迫羅弗拉克沙新之抗生素活性的治療好 處。由相同之DDS釋出席迫羅弗沙新者示於圖2 B中。 釋出速率高於地塞米松。然而,當與地塞米松一同配製時 ,席迫羅弗拉克沙新之總釋出較不含有地塞米松者緩慢, 如圖2 C所示。 實例3 具有多重釋出調節劑之DD S的製造及測試 依表3,以羥甲基纖維素,席迫羅弗拉克沙新和地塞 米松製一藥物遞出系統。 表3
Lot# PLGA HPMC 席迫羅弗沙新 地塞米松 XT035 3 . 4 0.4 2 . 4 3.8 此資料顯示,在第一天中之起初較高的釋出之後, 以觀察到一幾乎零階之釋出。由治療效率方面視之,總 出特性在治療上是可接受的° (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(21〇X297公釐) 25 487580 A7 B7五、發明説明(23) 實例4 供治療CMV感染之具有糖皮質激素及健塞克洛微之藥物 遞出系統的製造及測試 如實例1中所述製造一藥物遞出系統,除了包括健塞 克洛微(一種醫藥活性,親水性化合物)作爲釋出調節劑 之外。藥物及聚合物之結合如下: 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 PLGA 抗病毒劑 消炎劑 5 0¾ - 50¾地塞米松 2 0% 40%健塞克洛微 4 0 %地塞米松 4 0¾ 20%健塞克洛微 40¾地塞米松 4 0% 30%健塞克洛微 3 0 %地塞米松 5 0% - 50¾健塞克洛微 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ▼裝 訂 地塞米松之釋出因健塞克洛微之添加而增加。除了經 增加之藥物遞出的好處之外,尙有健塞克洛微之抗病毒活 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 487580 A7 B7 五、發明説明(24) 性的治療好處。 實例5 供抗癌治療之具有糖皮質激素和5 -氟泉嘧啶的藥物遞出 系統的製造及測試 如實例1所述製造一藥物遞出系統,除了包括5 —氟 尿嘧啶(一種醫藥活性、親水性化合物)作爲釋出調節劑 之外。藥物及聚合物之結合如下: (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 PLGA 抗癌劑 消炎藥 5 0% - 5 0 %地塞米松 2 0% 40¾ 5-氟尿嘧啶 40¾地塞米.松 4 0¾ 20¾ 5-氟尿嘧啶 4 0 %地塞米松 40% 30¾ 5-氟尿嘧啶 3 0 %地塞米松 5 0¾ - 5 0 % 5 -氟尿嘧啶 地塞米松之釋出因5 一氟尿嘧啶之添加而增加。除了 訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榡準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) X A7 B7 五、發明說明(25) 經增加之藥物遞出的好處之外,尙有5 -氟尿嘧啶之抗癌 活性的治療好處。 實例6 具有N S A I D及瞎諾酮之藥物遞出系統的製造和測試 如實例1所述製造一藥物遞出系統,組合席迫羅弗拉 克沙新與N S A I D拿波羅山。藥物組合和聚合物如下:
PLGA 瞎諾酮 消炎藥 5 0% 50%拿波羅山 2 0% 40%席迫羅弗拉克沙新 4 0 %拿波羅山 一-----------MW------—訂l·-------線·# (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 4 0% 20%席迫羅弗拉克沙新 4 0 %拿波羅山 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 4 0% 5 0¾ 30%席迫羅弗拉克沙新 50%席迫羅弗拉克沙新 30%拿波羅山 席迫羅弗拉克沙新之釋出因拿波羅山之添加而減低。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) -28 - 487580 A7 B7 五、發明説明(26) 除了有經增加之藥物遞出的好處之外,亦有因此種經結合 之配方所引入之治療好處。 由以上結果顯然可見:具有活性劑和釋出調節劑之生 物可降解之植入劑提供釋出動力,其中藥物在長時間內以 一恆定速率釋出,避免病人需要以極不有效方式,如局部 地投服藥物。植入劑藉著避免藥物釋出之高峰及低谷,而 提供一種經改良之治療眼及其它狀況的方法。 在本說明書中提及之刊物及專利申請案是對於那些精 於有關本發明之技藝者的程度的指標。所有刊物及專利申 請案併入本文作參考,其程度如同每一個別之刊物或專利 申請案被特定地且個別地被指明併入參考者一般。 雖然以上發明藉由說明和實例已有些詳細地描述,以 供了解,但顯然地在所附申請專利利範圍中可進行某些改 變及修飾。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐)_ 29 _

Claims (1)

  1. 487580 A8 B8 C8 D8 :£4i 、申請專利範圍 附件A 第8 5 1 0 6 8 7 8號專利申請案 中文申請專利範圍修正本 民國91年3月修正 1 . 一種供持續釋出藥物之植入劑,包括: 一種羥基脂族羧酸且在植入部位會降解之醫藥上可接 受之生物可降解聚合物,其中該生物可降解聚合物之含量 基於植入劑係在2 0重量%至5 0重量% ; 一種治療活性劑,濃度在植入劑之1 〇至5 0 w· t % (請先閎讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 裝 ^再填寫本 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 一種釋出調節劑,濃度在植入劑之1 〇至5 0 w t % ; 其中該釋出治療活性劑在治療劑量範圍內釋出,此劑 量在至少3日之期間內變化不超過約1 0 〇%。 2 .如申請專利範圍第1項之植入劑,其中該釋出調· 節劑是一種親水性體且該治療活性劑是一種疏水性體。 3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之植入劑,其中該釋出調 節劑是羥丙基甲基纖維素。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之植入劑,其中該釋出調 節劑是一種疏水性體且該治療活性劑是一種親水性體。 5 .如申請專利範圍第1項之植入劑,其中該釋出調 節劑是一種治療活性劑。 6 .如申請專利範圍第5項之植入劑,其中該活性劑 是一種類固醇且該釋出調節劑是一種水溶性抗生素。 7 .如申請專利範圍第5項之植入劑,其中該活性劑 訂 ' tmL·— nn 0 本紙張尺度適用中國國家梂準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -1 487580 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 是一種非類固醇消炎藥且該釋出調節劑是一種水溶性抗生 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 8. 如申請專利範圍第5項之植入劑,其中該生物可 降解聚合物是一種聚乳酸酯乙醇酸酯酸共聚物。 9. 一種供持續釋出藥物之植入劑,包括: 聚乳酸酯乙醇酸酯酸共聚物,其濃度是植入劑之至少 約 2 0 w t % ; 一種治療活性消炎藥,濃度在植入劑之1 0至5 0 w t % ; 一種釋出調節劑,濃度在植入劑之1 0至5 0 w t % 其中該釋出治療活性消炎藥在治療劑量範圍內釋出, 此劑量在至少3日之期間內變化不超過約1 0 〇 %。 1 0 .如申請專利範圍第9項之植入劑,其中該釋出· 調節劑是羥丙基甲基纖維素。 1 1 _如申請專利範圍第9項之植入劑,.其中該消炎 藥是糖皮質激素。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1 2 ·如申請專利範圍第9項之植入劑,其中該糖皮 質激素是地塞米松。 1 3 ·如申請專利範圍第9項之植入劑,其中該消炎 藥是非類固醇消炎藥。 1 4 ·如申請專利範圍第9項之植入劑,其中該釋出 調節劑是一種治療活性劑。 1 5 .如申請專利範圍第χ 4項之植入劑,其中該釋 本^張尺度逋用中國國家梂準(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公董) '~ - 一 1 一 487580 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 出調節劑是一種水溶性抗生素。 1 6 .如申請專利範圍第1 5項之植入劑,其中該水 溶性抗生素是瞎諾酮。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1 7 .如申請專利範圍第1 4項之植入劑,其中該釋 出調節劑是一種水溶性抗癌藥。 1 8 ·如申請專利範圍第1 4項之植入劑,其中該釋 出調節劑是一種抗病毒藥。 1 9 .如申請專利範圍第1 8項之植入劑,其中該抗 病毒藥是一種水溶性該苷酸類似物。 2 〇 .如申請專利範圍第1 4項之植入劑,其中該消 炎藥是地塞米松且該釋出調節劑是席迫羅弗拉克沙新( ciprofloxain ) ° 2 1 .如申請專利範圍第1 4項之植入劑,其中該消 炎藥是地塞米松且該釋出調節劑是健塞克羅微( gancyc 1 ον i r ) ° 2 2 .如申請專利範圍第1 4項之植入劑.,其中該消 炎藥是地塞米松且該釋出調節劑是5 -氟尿嘧啶。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 2 3 .如申請專利範圍第1 4項之植入劑,其中該消 炎藥是那伯羅克刪(naproxan)且該釋出調節劑是席迫羅 弗拉克沙新(ciprofloxain)。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家揉準(cns ) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 一 3 -
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US20060204543A1 (en) 2006-09-14
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US20030095995A1 (en) 2003-05-22
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