TW591002B - Polymer modified gypsum membrane and uses therefor - Google Patents
Polymer modified gypsum membrane and uses therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW591002B TW591002B TW091134786A TW91134786A TW591002B TW 591002 B TW591002 B TW 591002B TW 091134786 A TW091134786 A TW 091134786A TW 91134786 A TW91134786 A TW 91134786A TW 591002 B TW591002 B TW 591002B
- Authority
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- patent application
- composition
- component
- gypsum
- item
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical group [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical group O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 3
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 35
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 and-curing retarder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYXGSMUGOJNHAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl malonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(=O)OCC IYXGSMUGOJNHAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000818987 Sagola Species 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001467 acupuncture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940095564 anhydrous calcium sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004067 bulking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940095672 calcium sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940047127 fiore Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005802 health problem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016337 monopotassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011527 polyurethane coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- KYKNRZGSIGMXFH-ZVGUSBNCSA-M potassium bitartrate Chemical compound [K+].OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O KYKNRZGSIGMXFH-ZVGUSBNCSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940086065 potassium hydrogentartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/145—Calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate with a specific crystal form
- C04B28/146—Calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate with a specific crystal form alpha-hemihydrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
- C04B2111/00155—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00724—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Description
^1002 ⑴ 玖、發明說明 (發明說明應敘明:發明所屬之技術領域、先前技術、内容、實施方式及圖式簡單說明) I明所馬之拮術領域 本發明係關於含聚合物成分及石膏之組合物,及其作為 各種目標基材之薄膜塗層之用途。其係用於建築工業中用 作夾板、模板、輸送操作、配管及夾具系統之塗料。其亦 可用於交通漆料之應用及其他傳送工業之安全塗料。其尤 j具有用作地底採礦之内表面上之半不滲透補強薄膜之 h值。另外’本發明提供_種將新穎組合物加於此等基材 上使足陕速固化足方法。另外,本發明可用於製造 纖維補強之複合材結構, ^ 及複合材構造組件,例如夾具用 之積層板。雖然下列敘述 、王要係關於本發明用作地底採礦 用途之補強組件之應用 y ^ 雨认彳丨』 ’但本發明並不限於該用途,且可 用於例如之前所述之权 仕—種用途。 先前技斯 煤、金、舶等地底採礦 之後儘快的提供礦坑之辟作存在工特殊問題為需在挖掘 挖掘之岩石表面容易龜^及天花板表面支撐。此係因為新 則岩石之碎片會開製且產生碎片。若暴露時間太久, 落。此對採礦之個人及Γ挖掘岩石之壁及天花板表面掉 機1械均造成明顯危害。 任一種塗層薄膜需解 露出々山X本二、 夫<另一問題為避免氣體與新暴 路石石表面叉換 之分右合料γ成、 甲烷。該氣體在整體礦坑系統中 之刀布會對採礦炙個 生、 種泠屎杳睹^成嚴重之健康威脅。另外,任一 種堂層貫質上均需不浓 >遗水氣,因此可在括掘之岩石及内 邵開礦環境間建立保護。 』彺挖掘之石々次円 591002 (2) 礦坑系統係由不同區域組成。主要之進入坑道遠比稱之 為”停歇站’’之區域長。停歇站為主要採礦區。較好在二區 上加上塗層薄膜。然而,各區均有其自身獨特之問題。 礦坑進出區中之一般塗層為有黏性。此等塗層需要大的 設備進行塗佈製程。其通常於該區域中使用,因為需要適 當之空間以容納重的塗佈設備。其一類型之聚黏性塗層稱 之為”噴漿’’。如美國專利第4,046,357號中之揭示,噴漿為 由波特蘭水擬組成之漿料,其係在壓力下噴佈於較大進出 區之内表面上。使用此等類型塗料之問題為塗佈製程極為 麻煩,會產生”回濺π及過度的滴下。另外,此等塗層之固 化時間長,為15分鐘至超過四小時。該麻煩塗佈製程整理 產生之時間過程中需要停止新塗佈區之車輛進出或其他 活動,因而對產率造成負面影響。 此等類型之重具黏性塗料經證實對於礦坑之停歇區並 無法接受,因為此等區相當受限於其天花板高度,有時並 不超過1.2至1.5米。因此較好為可以較輕重量及較小設備 塗佈之重量較輕之樹脂系統。曾嘗試使用聚酯及聚胺基甲 酸酯,且曾有一絲希望,但因為安全及健康之故而被廣泛 禁用於開礦之操作中。其硬化時會產生有毒煙霧,且呈現 不良之火焰抗性。此二結果均不利於密閉之環境,如地底 開礦系統。 石膏調配物曾廣用作採礦操作。石膏相當便宜,但有其 缺點。例如,石膏形成不良之水氣遮蔽。抗挖掘岩石滲出 之水氣在採礦操作上相當重要。若使水氣滲入礦井或礦坑 591002
(3) 中,即使相當少亦會造成礦工極不舒服之工作環境,且最 壞情況會造成礦坑之走道或地基腐蝕或積水,因此需要固 定的預防及修復維護。曾將有機聚合物樹脂與石膏材料掺 合,以解決該問題。然而,該系統經常設計使用石膏作為 主要形成薄膜之保護層。添加聚合物樹脂作為第二層、非 連續保護層僅可降低水氣滲透之嚴重性。而且,針對噴漿 ,因為將重石膏為主之塗料加於該受限之操作環境中之内 表面作為礦坑之停歇區並不容易,因此此類塗料在此處同 樣的不期望。 因為使用以石膏或混凝土為主之塗料並不容易,而且對 於現行聚酯及聚胺基甲酸酯塗料有禁令,因此有時需要無 毒、不會滲透水氣及氣體之塗料,其可以以重量輕之設備 塗佈,且在與挖掘之岩石表面接觸時會極快速固化。本發 明提出可解決此等問題之方案。 本發明提供一種組合物,該組合物包括聚合物樹脂及石 膏作為主要成分。該聚合物樹脂為水性乳液之形式。該組 合物係以二分離之成分製備,其一含樹脂及石膏及固化阻 滯劑,以避免石膏過早固化。第二種成分含不同樹脂、填 料及固化活化劑,當其與第一種成分結合時,會使石膏開 始固化。 該組合物可以二成分供給於工作場所,其一主要含聚合 物樹脂,其他則含石膏。二成分係分開或在摻合之同時加 於標地表面,且於該處快速反應形成快速固化之薄膜。
本發明之一目的為含成分A及B之組合物,其中之成分A 591002 ⑷ 包含: -石膏 -鹼性聚合物樹脂,及 -固化阻滯劑, 且成分B包括: -酸性聚合物樹脂, -填料,及 -固化活化劑。 本發明第二目的為將薄膜塗層塗佈於基材表面之方法 。該方法尤其適用於塗佈於地底採礦系統之新挖掘表面上 。塗佈過程中,成分A及B之塗佈體積比分別為7比3至3 比7。最佳之比可考量下列因素而定,如欲處理之表面、 硬化時間及其他加工之考量。 本發明第三種目的為包括連續聚合物樹脂膜及硬化石 膏之在基材表面上形成之薄膜。及使該薄膜極薄,實質上 亦不會使氣體或水氣自基材滲流出。薄膜厚度可為0.1至 10毫米,依作業環境及塗佈條件而定。 塗佈最通常係使用加壓噴霧塗佈器進行。成分A及成分 B可經由分開之管或導管系統飼入單一或雙重塗佈器噴 嘴,若經雙重噴嘴則同時噴佈,或經由單一噴嘴以摻合物 噴佈於目標之挖掘岩石表面上。藉由塗佈預定體積之成分 A及B,執行塗佈薄膜之作業者並不需嘗試調節欲噴佈之 二成份量,因此可使硬化時間及塗佈厚度為最佳。該最佳 化已經在調配且輸送成分A及B於作業場所之前決定。
591002 當成份A及B合併時,成分B之活化劑會使成分A之石膏 開始固化。因為其開始為半水合態,因此當石膏固化時需 要水。石膏快速自乳化態聚合物樹脂吸收水分。因此造成 聚合物在基材表面上”成膜π。此使該聚合物膜提供可抗新 挖掘之岩石表面氣體及水氣之釋出。 塗佈本組合物形成之薄膜可提供氣體交換之極佳抗性 ,如薄膜,其可能自新暴露之岩石濾出。另外,其提供一 種水氣實質上不滲透之塗層。本組合物可輕易黏附於各種 基材上,尤其是新挖掘之地底岩石,其可協助補強此等岩 石之暴露表面,因此可避免碎片”崩落π或掉落在礦工或其 設備上。 本發明另一優點係與其操作難易有關。由使用之觀點而 言,其可能可去除測量或額外成分。因為二成分(Α及Β) 係以預定之速率供給,因此塗佈設備在設計上相對的較簡 單。成分Α及Β可在場地混合,且以密閉容器送到工作場 所。雖然可使用各種塗佈技術,但較好使用噴霧塗佈機, 尤其是若目標基材為地底礦坑最近開挖之岩石表面。當使 用時,可接著將二成分飼入噴霧設備中,且一起噴佈在欲 處理之表面上。摻合之成分接著極快速固化,在岩石表面 形成薄膜。 薄膜塗層厚度可隨著需要之條件改變,但通常為0.1至10 毫米。較佳之厚度為0.5至5毫米,且最佳之厚度為1至2毫 米。本發明之新聚合物/石膏組合物會在處理之岩石表面 上快速固化。厚度為1至2毫米之最終薄膜塗層會在3分鐘 -9- 591002
⑹ 内固化,且最好在約1分鐘内固化。 本發明中所用之聚合物樹脂主要係由晞屬不飽和單體 之聚合物衍生而成,且包含乙晞基樹脂及丙烯酸酯與甲基 丙晞酸酯之聚合物。實例包含丙晞酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、 丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙晞酸甲酯、甲基丙婦酸乙酯、甲基丙 晞酸丁酯、甲基丙晞酸己酯及甲基丙晞酸月桂酯。可使用 之其他聚合物樹脂為苯乙晞、乙酸乙晞酯、維吾爾酸乙缔 酯及氯化乙烯。此等類型單體之二種或多種之共聚物可如 需要般使用,依最終薄膜組合物所需之性質而定。本文中 所用之π共聚物”將包含聚合物摻合物以及實際之共聚物 。適用之鹼性共聚物之實例為AC339,其為購自ΡΑ, Philadelphia羅門哈斯公司之丙婦酸醋聚合物。適用之酸性 共聚物之實例為HA16 (亦購自羅門哈斯公司),其為丙晞酸 酯/丙晞醯胺共聚物。 當選擇本發明組合物之單體或單體摻合物時,需要記住 各單體之各種性質。例如,聚苯乙烯為抗鹼性及耐水,但 其長期老化性質並非極佳。針對部分應用,此負面特性可 能為可接受之調節機制。聚乙酸乙稀酯之耐水性低,但在 某些應用(例如當組合物塗佈於實質上缺乏水氣之地底表 面時)上,此為可接受。丙烯酸酯及甲基丙晞酸酯樹脂具 有良好之長期老化性,及良好之耐水及耐鹼性,但其可能 需要流動添加劑,以改善其流動特性。針對良妤流動特性 並不是問題之應用,選擇該樹脂並非問題,且事實上需要 以丙晞酸酯類樹脂呈現之許多其他有價值之性質為準。成 -10- 591002
⑺ 分A或成分B中存在之聚合物樹脂之量為20 - 99份(以個別 成分之總重為準)。
選擇聚合物應考量性質之一為”玻璃轉移溫度π或"Tg”。 聚合物之玻璃轉移溫度為聚合物由溫度低於Tg之硬質玻 璃態轉換成溫度超過Tg之流體或橡膠態之溫度。聚合物之 Tg—般係以差分掃描比熱計(DSC),使用熱對溫度轉移之 中間點作為Tg值測量。DSC測量之一般加熱速率為20°C /分 鐘。各種均聚物之Tg見於例如Interscience出版社出版之由J. Brandrup及E. H. Immergut編輯之聚合物手冊。聚合物之Tg係 使用 Fox方程式(T· G· Fox,Bull. Am. Physics Soc·,Vol. 1,Issue No. 3, 第123頁,1956)計算。 聚合物樹脂之較佳Tg在-20°C至50°C之間,最佳之範圍為 0°C至40°C。至於先前所述之實例,AC339之Tg為26°C,且 HA16為 35°C。
聚合物之pH對於影響調配物之安定性相當重要。尤其, 為使石膏維持安定,且在調配後及使用前不固化,因此必 須使特定之聚合物結合劑鹼性化。因此,調配成成分A之 聚合物需為鹼性。成分B中聚合物之pH並不受限,因為其 並不與石膏接觸,直到二成分摻合造成石膏固化為止。該 聚合物可為酸性或鹼性。然而,較好使用酸性聚合物,因 為當成份A及B摻合時,所得摻合物之最終pH值為中性範 圍,因此可避免所形成之薄膜太酸或太鹼之任何可能之負 面結果。 聚合物可經乳化,會可為水可再分散粉末之形式。雖然 -11 - 591002
⑻ 該二操作均可用於本發明之操作中,但在商業上較可行者 為使用乳化聚合物樹知。凋配供本發明組合物用之乳液可 含約35至65%之固體’較好為45至55%(體積)。所用之濃度 當然依最終薄膜塗層所需之特性及硬化速度而定。然而, 因為所形成薄膜之連續相包含聚合物膜而非石膏膜,因此 需要高聚合物含量,以達到本發明之目的。 許多乳化法為技藝中已知。雖然其任一種均可用於產生 本發明特定之聚合物樹脂乳液,但其參考例為D,Aleli〇之,, 聚合作用之基本理論,,(Wiley,pub·,1952)及 r.j· Fi〇ry (Cornell University Press,pub·,1969)之”聚合物化學之原理",且最為適 用聚合技術之指標。 •本發明所用之石膏可包括各種可沉降形式之硫酸鈣,其 可包含無水硫酸鈣及/或化學石膏(通稱之為合成石膏), 以及硫酸鈣半水合物。 主要有二類半水合物(CaS04*l/2H20),其為市售且一般稱 之為α或冷態。α半水合物一般係藉由將塊狀石膏置於高 恩蚤中’且在控制之超大氣屢下,於蒸氣存在下鍛燒。相 反的卢半水合物係藉由在大氣壓下,於水壺或旋轉鍛燒機 中加熱製備。雖然此二類型石膏之物理外觀相同,但需要 不同之水/石膏比,以製造可操作之產物。形成之二種石 膏顆粒物理性質之差異使其個別表面性質產生差異。較大 α結晶之每單位重量之吸水性低且表面積小。此使石膏固 化或硬化所需之水量較低。水之重量與乾石膏固體重量之 比愈低,則硬化後之最終產物之強度愈強。調配成分Α所 -12- 591002
(9) 用之石膏量以成分A之總重為準為50至80份。較好使用 60-70份。
本發明化合物含水合抑制劑,以避免石膏固化。其加於 ΠΑΠ成分中之量以成分A之總重為準為0.1至2.0份。水合抑 制劑為多元羧酸之聚合物或共聚物。實例包含丙晞酸、甲 基丙晞酸、衣康酸及富馬酸。較佳之水合抑制劑為丙烯酸 或甲基丙晞酸與丙婦酸或甲基丙烯酸之烷酯之共聚物或 其醋,如丙稀酸甲醋或多元酸。聚合物抑制劑一般為鈉 或銨鹽之形式。較佳之水合抑制共聚物可含約50至99.9 wt%之丙烯酸及約0.1至約50 wt%之丙晞醯胺。更好,共聚 物含約95至98 wt%之丙晞醯胺,及約1至5 wt%之丙埽酸。 適用之水合抑制劑之實例為Acumer 9141 (講自PA,
Philadelphia之羅門哈斯公司)及 Coatex TP-30。
活化劑係包含於1’ B ”成分中,因此當與” A ”成分混合時, 會使石膏開始固化。接著在標地基材上形成聚合物樹脂膜 。所需活化劑之量依組合物中存在之α石膏及水合抑制劑 之量為準。活化劑之較加添加量以成分Β之固成分重量為 準,為0.1至6.0 wt%,且更好為0.1至4.0 wt%。適用之活化劑 包含可提供酸性陽離子之金屬鹽。較佳之金屬鹽為硫酸鋁 、硫酸#5、硫酸鐵、硫酸鋅及氣化鐵。組合物最佳之活化 劑為硫酸鋁。 本組合物中可使用填料以提供調配物之整體性。適用填 料之實例為沙、雲母、氧化矽鋁酸鹽及灰份。低密度灰份 為市售之nHollowfiir。該填料最好添力口於成分B中,且含量 -13- 591002
⑽ 可為30-50 wt%。較好,填料之添加量可為35-45 wt%。 實施方式 本發明之組合物將以實例敘述。應了解組合物中可添加 其他成分,以協助加工、處理或調配。傳統上用於塗料之 成分包含消泡劑、界面活性劑、流變改質劑、固化控制劑 、凝結劑。 說明:成分 鹼金屬結合劑: AC339 :丙烯酸系乳膠乳液;羅門哈斯公司 消泡劑: S882, Wacker Silicones 界面活性劑 X405/70, Triton 膨脹劑: 酒石酸氫鉀 凝結劑: 丁基卡必醇 固化控制劑: 檸檬酸納 流變改質劑: RM 2020 ;丙晞酸系聚合物;羅門哈斯公司 水合抑制劑: TP-30 ;聚碳酸酯,Coatex公司 酸性結合劑: HA16 ;丙晞酸/丙缔酸酯聚合物;羅門哈斯公司 活化劑: 硫酸鋁 石膏: α -半水合物 填料: Millisil C-7 ;矽酸鋁 實例
成分A(預混合物) 成分 重量份 鹼性結合劑 93.94 -14- 591002 ⑼ 消泡劑 1.00 界面活性劑 1.75 流變改質劑 0.11 水合抑制劑 1.35 過量之水 1.86 合計 100.00 經調配之成 分A 石膏 69.23 預混合物(A) 30.77 合計 100.00 PH 8.4 固成分 83.8% 密度 1.84 成分B (預混合物) 成分 重量份 酸性結合劑 57.18 消泡劑 0.57 膨脹劑 0.56 凝結劑 1.50 活化劑 2.79 填料 143.0 過量之水 2.79 合計 208.40
591002
(12) pH 固成分 密度 調配物 成分A 成分B 以分離之 為噴霧塗佈 司。將容納 。同樣的, 入系統。二 佈器中合併 面上。 固化時間: 厚度: 水氣滲透性 氣體交換 2.7 83.4% 1.82 體積比 重量比 1 50.17 1 49.83 塗佈 器將成分A及B送到使用之點。塗佈之方法 。適用之噴霧噴佈器可購自西班牙之Sagola公 L分A水性分散液之容器附接於飼入系統之一 51容納成分B水性分散液之容器附接於另一飼 灸分A及B在塗佈前瞬間,以等體積於噴霧噴 。接著以30 psi將摻合之溶液噴霧於岩石之表 結果 1分鐘 2毫米 低 低
-16-
Claims (1)
- 591002第091134786號專利申請案 中文申請專利範圍替換本(93年1月) 拾、申請專利範圍 1. 一種包括成分A及成分B之組合物; 其中成分A包括: -石膏 -鹼性聚合物樹脂,及 -水合抑制劑,且 其中成分B包括: -酸性聚合物樹脂, -填料,及 -活化劑 其中成分A與成分B之體積比為由包含7比3至包含3 比7;成分A之成份量(重量)以成分A之總重為準為 20-99份之鹼性聚合物樹脂、50-80份之石膏及0.1-2.0 份之水合抑制劑;及成分B之成份量以成分B之總重 為準為20-99份之酸性聚合物樹脂、30-50份之填料及 0.1-6.0份之活化劑。 2 .如申請專利範圍第1項之組合物,其中成分A及B二者均 分散於水中,形成水性分散液。 3 .如申請專利範圍第1項之組合物,其中聚合物樹脂係由 烯屬不飽和單體之聚合物衍生而成。 4.如申請專利範圍第3項之組合物,其中烯屬不飽和單體 係選自包含乙晞基、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙晞酸酯、 591002 SeiHlIl 纖鐵遂雜纖懸廳纖丨饑無__激丨隸聽漆 苯乙婦、乙酸乙婦S旨及維吾爾酸乙晞醋(vinyl versatate)所 組成之群。 5 .如申請專利範圍第1項之組合物,其中水合抑制劑為水 . 性聚複酸S旨。 6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之組合物,其中固化活化劑係選 自包含硫酸鋁、硫酸鉀、硫酸鈣、硫酸鐵、硫酸鋅及氯 化鐵所組成之群。 7. 如申請專利範圍第6項之組合物,其中固化活化劑為硫 籲 酸銘。 ^ 8 .如申請專利範圍第1項之組合物,其中之石膏為硫酸鈣 半水合物。 9. 如申請專利範圍第8項之組合物,其中硫酸鈣半水合物 為α半水合物。 10. —種在基材上形成薄膜之方法,包括將如申請專利範 圍第1項之組合物塗佈於該基材上,其中組合物包括成 分Α及Β,且Α:Β之體積比為7:3至3:7。 · 11. 如申請專利範圍第10項之方法,其中基材為地底開礦之 挖掘岩石表面。 12. 如申請專利範圍第10項之方法,其中A : Β之體積比為1 • 1 ° 13. 如申請專利範圍第10項之方法,其中成分A及B係在以 加壓喷霧塗佈器塗佈於基材前瞬間捧合。 14. 如申請專利範圍第10項之方法,其中薄膜厚度為0.1毫米 至10毫米。591002 15. —種在基材表面上形成之薄膜,該薄膜包括連續聚合 物樹脂膜及石膏。 16. 如申請專利範圍第15項之薄膜,其中之基材為地底開礦 之岩石表面。 17. 如申請專利範圍第15項之薄膜,其中薄膜之厚度為0.1 至10毫米。 18. 如申請專利範圍第17項之薄膜,其中薄膜之厚度為0.5 至5.0毫米。 19. 如申請專利範圍第15項之薄膜,其中之連續聚合物樹脂 膜及石膏係藉由將如申請專利範圍第1項之組合物喷佈 於基材之表面上形成。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0128658A GB2382582A (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2001-11-30 | Two-component composition comprising polymer resins and gypsum |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| TW200300407A TW200300407A (en) | 2003-06-01 |
| TW591002B true TW591002B (en) | 2004-06-11 |
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| TW091134786A TW591002B (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2002-11-29 | Polymer modified gypsum membrane and uses therefor |
Country Status (13)
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| US (1) | US7256227B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1316537B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP3830446B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100952646B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1269891C (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU2002302121B2 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2412014C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE60201244T2 (zh) |
| GB (1) | GB2382582A (zh) |
| MY (1) | MY130561A (zh) |
| SG (1) | SG108306A1 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW591002B (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200209394B (zh) |
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-
2001
- 2001-11-30 GB GB0128658A patent/GB2382582A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-11-18 CA CA002412014A patent/CA2412014C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-19 ZA ZA200209394A patent/ZA200209394B/xx unknown
- 2002-11-20 DE DE60201244T patent/DE60201244T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-20 EP EP02257979A patent/EP1316537B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-20 US US10/300,521 patent/US7256227B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-21 AU AU2002302121A patent/AU2002302121B2/en not_active Expired
- 2002-11-27 KR KR1020020074184A patent/KR100952646B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-11-29 CN CNB021526710A patent/CN1269891C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-29 MY MYPI20024494A patent/MY130561A/en unknown
- 2002-11-29 SG SG200207354A patent/SG108306A1/en unknown
- 2002-11-29 JP JP2002347051A patent/JP3830446B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-11-29 TW TW091134786A patent/TW591002B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE60201244D1 (de) | 2004-10-21 |
| US20030105202A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
| GB2382582A (en) | 2003-06-04 |
| GB0128658D0 (en) | 2002-01-23 |
| EP1316537A1 (en) | 2003-06-04 |
| AU2002302121B2 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
| EP1316537B1 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
| CA2412014A1 (en) | 2003-05-30 |
| CN1422892A (zh) | 2003-06-11 |
| TW200300407A (en) | 2003-06-01 |
| DE60201244T2 (de) | 2005-09-22 |
| JP3830446B2 (ja) | 2006-10-04 |
| MY130561A (en) | 2007-06-29 |
| ZA200209394B (en) | 2003-06-02 |
| US7256227B2 (en) | 2007-08-14 |
| SG108306A1 (en) | 2005-01-28 |
| CA2412014C (en) | 2008-10-21 |
| CN1269891C (zh) | 2006-08-16 |
| JP2003238825A (ja) | 2003-08-27 |
| KR20030044812A (ko) | 2003-06-09 |
| KR100952646B1 (ko) | 2010-04-13 |
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