TWI439948B - 運用雙線掃瞄器設備的使用者輸入及方法 - Google Patents
運用雙線掃瞄器設備的使用者輸入及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G06F3/0354—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of two-dimensional [2D] relative movements between the device, or an operating part thereof, and a plane or surface, e.g. 2D mice, trackballs, pens or pucks
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Description
本發明係有關於一種使用者輸入設備及方法,特別有關於運用雙線掃瞄器設備的使用者輸入及方法。
有些傳統的指紋掃瞄器含有稱為接觸或放置式感測器的大型、郵戳尺寸單元,此等單元可單性地感測整個指紋(即如含有200-500個橫列和128-200個縱行像素之影像的完整指紋)。其他的指紋掃瞄器則含有較為微小且併入在膝上型及筆記型電腦、行動電話、行動電子郵件裝置與智慧型手機內的刷掃掃瞄器。小型的刷掃掃瞄器在製造成本上遠低於大型放置式掃瞄器。固定式刷掃指紋掃瞄器感測掃過該感測器的手指,並且可為單線掃瞄器、雙線掃瞄器或多線掃瞄器。
雙線掃瞄器之其一範例可如於1999年12月14日核予Immega等人的美國專利第6,002,815
號案文(「Immega」)中所揭示者,茲將該案整體依參考方式併入本案。該Immega雙線掃瞄器必須決定並且追蹤手指在當通過該感測器及1 x n像素陣列掃瞄器時的速度。該Immega雙線掃瞄器可對目前和過往的掃線掃瞄執行1×n線性陣列交互關聯以供進行初始指紋成像。然後必須知曉手指的速度,藉以從該等掃線掃瞄重建出指紋影像。
傳統的指紋巡檢方法需要知曉手指的速度。例如於2010年11月11日所公開且標題為「Method and Apparatus for Fingerprint Motion Tracking Using an In-Line Array」之美國專利申請公開案第2010/0284565
號以及於2008年3月13日所公開且標題為「Method and Apparatus for Fingerprint Motion Tracking Using an In-Line Array for Use in Navigation Applications」之美國專利申請公開案第2008/0063245
號各者案文中即揭示一種矩陣掃瞄器陣列,這可藉由至少一對齊於手指移動方向之線性陣列以對指紋的多個局部進行成像並且決定移動速度與方向,藉此達到使用者輸入巡檢之目的。
在目前,使用者輸入裝置(像是滑鼠)是利用各種電性及光學組態來追蹤使用者手部的移動,藉以控制游標在螢幕上的位置或是點按圖像或鏈結。然而,這在當像是飛機上的緊密空間裡運用可攜式計算裝置時就會變成繁瑣冗雜,並且額外項目確不便於攜帶。內建的使用者輸入裝置,即如許多膝上型及筆記型計算裝置模鑄製造中所見者,亦發現到是難以使用。內建的使用者輸入裝置對於將壓力施用在按壓平板上通常會缺少平順的回應感受,並且一般說來對於行動電話及手持式計算裝置上的應用會過於龐大而且冗贅。
所以,確實需要一種含有指紋掃瞄器且極為精巧之使用者輸入裝置以供操控游標在計算裝置螢幕上的位置。
一種使用者輸入方法及設備,其中包含雙線物件成像感測器,此者具有提供主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出的主掃線掃瞄-感測器和提供次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出的次掃線掃瞄-感測器,該等表示目前主掃瞄橫列內及目前次掃瞄橫列內的像素,並經調適以對一物件進行掃瞄;針對各次掃瞄時間儲存各個目前主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出以及各個目前次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出,同時一關聯單元將主掃線感測器輸出內之目前像素表示的至少一者關聯於所存表示,並且將次掃線感測器輸出內之目前像素表示關聯於所存表示,以及該關聯單元提供一移動指標以作為輸出。
本案中所述及的所有公告、專利及專利申請案皆為至與如同該等個別公告、專利或專利申請案各者特定地且個別地指明為按參考方式併入相同的程度以依參考方式併入本案。
在詳細解釋任何本發明具體實施例之前,應先瞭解本揭示在其應用上並不侷限於如後文說明中所述或者圖式中所繪之元件建構與排置的細節。本揭示可提供其他的具體實施例,並且依照各種方式所實作或執行。同時亦應瞭解本申請案文中所運用的詞彙和術語係為描述之目的,而不應被視為具有限制性質。該等詞彙「包含」、「含有」或「具備」的使用是表示涵蓋文後所列項目與其等之等同項目,以及額外項目。除特定或有限情況外,該等所用詞彙係欲以涵蓋先前、現今或未來所能獲悉的變化項目。此外,「連接」與「耦接」並不限於實體或機械性連接或耦接,而能夠包含實體以及電性、磁性和電容性耦接與連接兩者。
以下發明說明係經呈現以供本發明領域中具通常知識者能夠製作並運用本揭示的具體實施例。後文詳細說明應為參照於該等圖式所研讀,其中不同圖式裡的類似構件係經標註以相仿的參考編號。該等圖式描繪多項所選具體實施例,同時亦非欲以限制本揭示具體實施例的範疇。
圖1略圖說明一種根據本揭示之具體實施例的指紋掃瞄及影像重建系統200。該指紋掃瞄及影像重建系統200含有感測器202及影像重建模組204。該影像重建模組204可為連接至或整合於主機計算裝置206(即如圖2中所示者),並且能夠接收來自該感測器202的輸入。該主機計算裝置206可為連接至資料庫210。在一些具體實施例裡,該感測器202亦可含有剔除模組205,藉以降低在該感測器202、該影像重建模組204與該主機計算裝置206間之通訊鏈結,無論有線或無線皆同,的帶寬上之所傳資料量。剔除處理是一種用以防止將在自一時脈時間至次一時脈時間具有極低度變異性之掃線掃瞄發送至該影像重建模組204及/或該主機計算裝置206的技術。若自一時脈時間至次一時脈時間沒有出現變化,則手指並未相對於該感測器202移動。業界眾知此等基本上屬冗餘性質的掃瞄線確無用於影像重建。
圖2略圖說明一項根據本揭示之具體實施例的雙線指紋掃瞄器220。該雙線掃瞄器220含有主線性掃瞄器區段230和次線性掃瞄器區段250。該主線性掃瞄器區段230可為一1×n線性像素陣列,其中n通常為128-200個像素掃瞄點(為予示範說明,圖2中僅顯示出12個像素掃瞄點232)。該次線性掃瞄器區段250可為一1×n線性像素陣列,其中n約為該主線性掃瞄器區段230內之像素數量的一半(即如約64-100個像素掃瞄點,然圖2中僅顯示出6個像素掃瞄點252)。
可利用一經由接點262連接至導線234、254的多工器270以自跨於參考電壓平板236、256透過導線234、254將驅動信號供應至各個像素掃瞄點232、252。對於這些驅動信號的回應是會在該感測器272感測時於該等像素掃瞄點232、252處受到該等導線234、254與該等電壓平板236、256間之電容耦接的影響。在該等像素掃瞄點232、252處所予掃瞄之指紋局部究係為該指紋的凸脊或凹谷會對該等電容耦接造成影響。各個像素掃瞄點232、252係一自零到255的灰階數值。此為簡易的位元組大小資料數值範圍,僅屬示範性質並且可為其他的灰階細緻度數值。一般說來,灰階數值零為白色且灰階數值255為黑色,而在這些數值間則為中間性的灰色遞增陰影。該影像重建模組204可利用這些掃瞄線與灰階數值來執行影像重建作業以重建指紋,而黑色是代表凸脊且白色代表凹谷。
各個像素掃瞄點232、252為按即如40MHz之極高時脈速率所提供的循序性VHF(20-80MHz)信號突波,例如像是於2006年8月29日核予Benkley而標題為「SWIPED APERTURE CAPACITIVE FINGERPRINT SENSING SYSTEMS AND METHODS」之美國專利第7,099,496
號案文所述者,茲將該案依參考方式併入本案。該等信號突波是經由具有接點262的個別導線234、254自多工器270提供給該等掃瞄點232、252。從該主線性陣列掃瞄器參考平板236和該次線性陣列掃瞄器參考平板256取得對於各條循序導線234、254以及個別像素掃瞄點232、252的輸出。而在個別像素掃瞄點232、252處個別導線234、254與電壓平板236、256之間的電容耦接是會對各個循序取樣之像素掃瞄點232、252的輸出造成影響。在手指的情況下,此電容耦接是依據在該個別像素掃瞄點232、252處究為指紋凸脊或凹谷而定。由於該等導線234、254可在極短時段,即如2-5μsec,中提供該信號,因此相較於像是手指之物件的移動速度,該掃瞄為在概與該物件移動方向相正交之方向上越過該物件的線性單一掃線。輸出可為由感測器272所感測,並藉該感測器單元202發送至該主機電腦206。因此,各個像素的各個像素掃瞄點232、252輸出通常為0-255的灰階數值,這是一種簡易的位元組大小資料數值範圍,然應瞭解此值僅具示範性質,同時亦能簡便地為其他像是達約12位元解析度的的灰階細緻度數值。此外,一般說來灰階數值0為白色且255為黑色,而該等數值之間則為中介性的遞增灰影。從而,按照先前技藝指紋成像及重建排置的主機計算裝置204可利用這些掃瞄線和灰階數值來進行影像重建,藉此構成像是手指之物件的影像來重建該指紋10,其中黑色是表示凸脊而白色是表示凹谷。並且可運用各式眾知技術以銳化邊緣對比度等等,藉以更加忠實地獲得本範例中進行手指掃瞄與指紋成像的物件重建影像。
該主線性掃瞄器區段232內的n值可為像是128,此數值係表示x方向上的像素數量,而目前現有系統是在x軸上擁有約128-200個像素。寬度為25μm的導線234、254以及該等導線234、254之間25μm的間隔238、258可提供該等導線234、254中央線之間50μm的間距R。此間距決定該感測器在x方向上的解析度。
為便於說明本揭主題項目的操作方式,將能瞭解+y係經選定為像是手指之物件在當首先移動越過該主線性掃瞄區段230然後越過該次線性掃瞄區段250時的移動方向。然這種主線性掃瞄區段230和次線性掃瞄區段250以及手指移動的指向並無限制性。的確,該系統200可運算出手指究係朝+y方向抑或朝-y方向的指向移動,並且在一些可供運用本揭主題項目以提供使用者輸入的使用者裝置裡,使用者可能並非總是在「正確」的方向上掃刷手指,然系統能夠決定其移動方向,即如本申請案後文中所進一步詳細解釋者。而如朝向於繪有圖2之紙張平面的+y方向則出現為「下方」而非「上方」。除另明確述明外,在本揭示中所使用的「上方」是指+y方向且「下方」是指-y方向,而+y軸是從該主掃瞄局部230延伸至該次掃瞄局部250。
本案申請人既已決定本項相同的基本物件(亦即手指)掃瞄和影像(亦即指紋)再生系統200可作為用於非常精巧且小型化計算裝置使用者輸入的基礎,後文中將針對本揭主題項目的可能具體實施例加以解釋。現參照圖3,其中顯示可根據本揭示主題項目特點加以運用之程序300的流程區塊圖。該程序起始於「開始」處,並且在區塊編號304裡進行將一條新掃瞄線儲存在圓形緩衝器210內的步驟。該緩衝器210可為「先進先出儲存」,像是圖2所示的圓形緩衝器210,並可擁有任意選定數量的緩衝位置(未以圖示),即如8、16、32個等等。在較佳具體實施例中所使用的是16橫列緩衝器。然而,關聯於本揭主題項目之具體實施例是敘述一種具有8個位置的示範性緩衝器。當圓形緩衝器210填滿時,若有新的掃瞄線輸入至該圓形緩衝器210內,則會從個別的圓形緩衝器210中拋除既已在個別主掃瞄線和次掃瞄線圓形緩衝器內分別地代表該主線性掃瞄陣列230及該次線性掃瞄陣列250的單一掃瞄線掃瞄而為最長時間的資料。
在該程序300的區塊306裡執行決定是否出現物件(手指)的步驟。業界已知眾多方式以供執行此項步驟,像是計算平均值、變異數等等或是該等的組合。若在區塊308中決定並未出現手指,則該程序300返回到「開始」處。而假使在區塊308中決定出現手指,則在區塊310內開始進行關聯作業。
為令巡檢演算法能夠最可靠地運作以追蹤手指移動,有必要決定在當嚐試加以追蹤時手指是否可能位於該感測器上。同時也有必要知曉該手指是否接觸於足夠的主及/或次掃線像素以利產獲擁有夠高信賴水準的關聯數值。此項「手指偵測」作業最好是在關聯作業之前完成,藉以假如像是手指的物件實未在位,則可減省關聯作業的計算處理。剔除處理本身並無法對於感測器上的非移動手指與全無手指之間加以區別。
此項作業可藉由眾多方法完成。一種較佳具體實施例可計算在該等次和主掃瞄線230、250其一或兩者之一子集合內的灰階像素之變異數。若該變異數低於一門檻值,則並未偵測到手指。倘若高於一門檻值,則確偵測到手指。一較佳具體實施例可對兩個子集合內(左半部及右半部)的變異數進行分析,藉以確保在該等主和次掃瞄線230、250其一或兩者上兩者半部皆具有手指(各個半部的變異數必須高於某項門檻值)。另外一種以軟體來完成的方式是分析位於該掃線內之像素的零交跨,或者沿該掃線上之灰階的頻率內容,或是兩者的組合。而按照硬體,則手指偵側可透過微型開關或其他的壓敏裝置、光學(以手指阻擋光源)或是電性(測量手指的體型電容值及/或電阻值)方式所完成。
在區塊320、322及324裡可分別地進行各式關聯作業,其等本質可按如圖4的截斷示範性實例所解釋。在區塊320中,目前的主掃瞄線會被關聯於該圓形緩衝器210內所含有的先前次掃瞄線,藉以嘗試感測相對於該主線性掃瞄陣列230及該次線性掃瞄陣列250移動之所感測物件,像是手指,的向下移動,亦即+y軸方向。亦即,該物件沿x軸上延伸的掃線概略地垂直於該主線性掃瞄陣列230及該次線性掃瞄陣列250各者的縱軸,並且會先越過該主線性掃瞄陣列230然後再越過該次線性掃瞄陣列250。當按此方式掃瞄物件(亦即手指)時,將自該主線性掃瞄陣列230所獲得之目前主線性掃瞄線關聯於自該次線性掃瞄陣列250所獲得,並儲存在該次掃瞄線圓形緩衝器210內,之複數條次線性掃瞄線的其中一條即能顯示出手指正在+y軸方向上刷掃(也就是對於圖2所示指向的「下」)。
而在區塊322中,可將目前次掃瞄線關聯於該主掃瞄線圓形緩衝器210內的先前線性掃瞄線,藉以嘗試感測相對於該主線性掃瞄陣列230及該次線性掃瞄陣列250移動之所感測物件,像是手指,的-y軸方向移動(在此情況下為圖2所見的「上」)。也就是說,該物件沿x軸上延伸的掃線概略地垂直於該主線性掃瞄陣列230及該次線性掃瞄陣列250各者的縱軸,並且會先越過該次線性掃瞄陣列250然後再越過該主線性掃瞄陣列230。當按此方式掃瞄物件(亦即手指)時,將來自於該次線性掃瞄陣列250的目前次線性掃瞄線關聯於來自該主線性掃瞄陣列230,並儲存在該主掃瞄線圓形緩衝器210內,之複數條主掃瞄線的其中一條即能顯示出手指正在-y軸方向上刷掃,而先越過該次線性掃瞄線區段250然後是該主線性掃瞄線區段230(圖2中的「上」)。
在區塊324裡,目前的主掃瞄線230係關聯於經儲存在含有先前主和次掃線之緩衝器210內的緊鄰先前主掃瞄線230。因此,該緩衝器210亦含有經添置於該圓形緩衝器內之最新近者的緊臨先前主掃線。進行此項關聯係為嘗試純然地感測在相對於該主線性掃瞄陣列230移動之所感測物件,像是手指,的x軸方向上之側向移動。換言之,當以此方式掃瞄物件(亦即手指)時,目前主掃瞄線與緊臨先前主掃瞄線的關聯性可顯示出手指正按側邊方向上掃刷(僅±x軸方向,亦即在+y或-y方向上亦無相關移動)。
將能瞭解前揭說明僅為示範性,並且本發明領域中具通常知識者將能瞭解將可進行多項修改方式,像是處理該純為側向移動的一半像素再生,故而可將目前主掃瞄線比較於多個緊臨先前主掃瞄線,其中各者係經持存於該主掃瞄線圓形緩衝器內以供y軸方向關聯,藉此來對與第二或第三個最新近主掃瞄線的像素關聯性進行偵測。亦將能瞭解可將次掃瞄線適切地運用於這項側方移動偵測,俾作為替代方式或驗證作業或是為以提供另增資料。
在區塊330、332及334裡,該程序300可選擇對目前主掃線擁有最高關聯性的先前次掃瞄線(區塊330)、選擇對目前次掃線擁有最高關聯性的先前主掃瞄線(區塊332),以及選擇對目前主掃線擁有最高關聯性的先前主掃瞄線(區塊334)。在區塊336中確認是選擇具有最高關聯性的先前主者,像是前文所述般在區塊336中藉由在相同的x後延處對(多條)緊臨先前次掃瞄線進行次掃瞄線計算。然後在區塊340、342和344中可計算信賴度,這可藉由將目前關聯測度值比較於先前關聯測度值,或者是在側向移動的情況下(區塊334、336)針對區塊336所述的次對次關聯,所完成。
在區塊350中,該程序300從最高的關聯信賴度測度值選定一個方向,即上、下或側向,這就是像是手指之物件的移動方向。這可能會牽涉到一些選擇演算法,像是當並無確切的關聯測度值時,可從其他兩個信賴度測度值的其一或兩者選定。該等選擇演算法可仰賴於先前結果,即如物件早先是向上移動,故而假設向上為正確解答。或者,若無一關聯為高於門檻值,則可宣告並未出現手指移動。亦可運用其他用以改善選擇正確度的演算法,像是後文中所進一步詳述者。
在區塊352中,該程序300可基於y後延的相對應時間後延(在上/下移動的情況下)以像是依據時間戳記來決定y速度,即如業界所眾知者。而類似於參照圖4所解釋般,可即如基於x後延和相同的所決定時間差來決定x速度。接著,在區塊354裡,可依照所算得x和y速度以及自最後處理之目前主線性掃瞄陣列230與該次線性掃瞄陣列250掃瞄線起算的行經時間來算出在x及y方向上的移動。此項移動事件可儲存在事件緩衝器360上以作為對一事件列表上的輸入項,該者是等於所算得x及y移動,後文中將參照圖5進一步詳細解釋。然後處理該事件列表並且將任何已為成熟的事件發送至一呼叫程式,像是圖5中的420。
在替代性具體實施例裡,可完全省略該速度計算步驟352,並且按如x後延及y後延的函數直接地算出移動。對於y後延,此項函數可為反比。例如,若該y後延變小則y移動會較大,因為手指必須快速地移動以在少數的掃瞄線中自主行旅越至次。而相對應的x移動則就是與所算得x後延成正比。利用這項方法,即不需計算速度而且時間戳記並非必要。此方法可如與本申請案相同申審日期並經核予本申請案之所有權人而標題為「SYSTEM FOR AND METHOD OF IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION WITH DUAL LINE SCANNER USING LINE COUNTS」,律師案號123625-010400,的共審申請案進一步詳細說明,茲將該案揭示依參考方式併入本案。
關聯作業可參照圖4所略圖說明。基於像是計算時間及記憶體容量限制的各種理由,關聯作業在本揭主題項目的現有實際具體實施例裡是以不同方式進行,即如後文所詳述者,然確可依圖4所示方式實作。圖4說明在各種情況下本揭主題項目中的關聯意向,像是交互關聯。現參照圖4,即如圖4a中所示,可將一條即如從圖3略示之掃瞄器220處取得的主線性掃瞄陣列230掃瞄線370比較於次線性掃瞄陣列250掃瞄線372。在圖4a裡是將掃瞄線372的六個像素比較於掃瞄線370內的前六個像素。然將能瞭解該掃瞄線370可為目前掃瞄線,並且該次掃瞄線372可為來自於該次掃瞄線圓形緩衝器210的先前掃瞄線,或反是。
可根據該主掃瞄線370的大小而定,亦即能夠用以進行比較之像素位置的數量和次掃瞄線372的大小,來運用各種比較演算法。例如,可選用令該等六個次掃瞄線372像素位置的其中四者匹配於所予比較之主掃瞄線370像素位置的局部,或是四個連續的此等像素等等。
在該等個別像素位置內的各個不同符號,即對於該主掃瞄線370為12而對於該次掃瞄線372為六,是表示像是針對個別像素位置由該雙線掃瞄器220所感獲之灰階數值的不同數值。亦將能瞭解對於本項示範性交互關聯實作來說,由於系統內的雜訊之故,因此藉這些不同符號所表示的個別數值可能必須在某個範圍內彈性地定值。換言之,在各次比較作業上,主掃瞄線370之像素位置內的符號可能無須等同於次像素掃瞄線372內之相對應像素位置者。
即以範例而言,假設無雜訊系統或是在圖4中所使用對於像素數值之個別符號各者並非位於此項來自任何他者的數值範圍內,換句話說匹配作業是要求對於圖4內所示之所有不同符號皆匹配到相同符號,則可觀察得知在圖4a所示的位置裡該次掃瞄線372與該主掃瞄線370的前六個像素位置之間並無關聯。其中該主掃瞄線370與該次掃瞄線372各者內之初始像素的初始註記位置為對齊,而且六個中的四個或是四個相鄰像素位置並非匹配。相同道理亦適用於圖4b,其中該次初始掃瞄線像素位置s1
是對齊於該主掃瞄線像素位置p2
。事實上,對於圖4c、4d、4e及4f直到圖4g各者相同情況皆如是。在此,以次掃瞄線372像素位置s1
對齊於主掃瞄線370像素位置p8
,該次像素掃瞄線372內的前四個符號,s1
-s4
,是與四個相鄰主掃瞄線370像素位置p8
-p11
相同。
給定這項交互關聯,該系統可根據該主掃瞄線370或該次掃瞄線372何者為目前掃瞄線並且另一者是取自於個別的掃瞄線緩衝器而定,這是等於目前掃瞄線與個別緩衝器內之歷史性掃瞄線位置間的差值,以沿一特定方向(x及y)上進行決定。換言之,即如其一範例,8個掃線分隔會是400μm的分隔並且會具有依照時間戳記比較結果的時間差。假使經比較後該次掃瞄線372為目前掃瞄線,則這會是在+y軸方向上的y後延。此外,可觀察到在+x軸方向上會有8個像素位置的後延。給定即如前述對於該主線性掃瞄線陣列230及該次線性掃瞄線陣列250內之像素位置的50μm間距,則其量值會為400μm。
圖4雖示範說明一種可運用的關聯程序以及此項關聯的目的,然其他用於交互關聯的數學方式可較易於實作或甚更加有效,包含如後文所詳述的正範化交互關聯(NCC)。
現參照圖5,其中以略圖並按區塊形式說明一種根據本揭主題項目具體實施例之使用者輸入裝置400的架構,其中包含巡檢系統模組402,並且進一步包含裝置模擬模組410。該使用者輸入裝置400巡檢模組可含有姿勢辨識單元406以及如前所述之物件成像及影像重建系統200的移動追蹤系統202。即如圖5中所示,在物件成像及影像重建系統200移動追蹤系統202裡,圖2的主機電腦206在當自圖2對於主掃瞄線230及次掃瞄線250兩者的感測器220收到掃瞄線時會耗用感測器橫列一次一條掃瞄線。該移動追蹤系統202可計算相對於該感測器220表面的原始手指移動估算值,即如本揭申請案文所述,而且併同於手指開/關狀態以累加一輸出事件佇列360,此者含有可為時間戳記的ΔX及ΔY。
該姿勢辨識單元406內的姿勢辨識作業可為整合於移動追蹤內,並且可每G個毫秒耗用一次移動事件列表,而該模組406則嘗試決定是否出現一姿勢。然後該模組406可將任何所發現的姿勢加以特徵化,並將所有姿勢事件增附至該輸出事件佇列360。可透過裝置模擬回叫412將該輸出事件佇列360裡其「時刻已到」的每N個毫秒事件發送至該裝置模擬模組410,該模組會耗用這些移動及姿勢事件並且依照該模擬中裝置經由具備應用程式回叫422的應用程式或作業系統420以產生螢幕上行為430作為輸出。按類似方式,裝置模擬410可產生其本身的輸出事件(亦即並未使用佇列)並且將輸出事件立即發送至該呼叫程式420。
移動追蹤為巡檢任務的核心關鍵。為讓姿勢及裝置模擬能夠良好運作,會需要實際手指移動的良好估算值。即如前述,移動追蹤是運用關聯作業,並且尤其是在本揭主題項目交互關聯(NCC)具體實施例的範例裡,來決定手指何時面對於該主線性掃瞄陣列230及/或該次線性掃瞄陣列250而移動。NCC可為選項,理由是該者對於DC位準上的雜訊與變化具有極高的耐固性。
即如參照圖3所解釋,有三組資料係經關聯,即對於-y軸移動的目前主掃瞄線至先前次掃瞄線;對於+y軸移動的目前次掃瞄線至先前主掃瞄線;以及對於側向移動的目前主掃瞄線至先前主掃瞄線。原基資料為一條掃瞄線。該演算法可對未經剔除掃瞄線進行運算,因為經剔除掃線並不會發送至該主機計算裝置204以利縮減排線上的帶寬,然該巡檢模組402可實作其本身的剃除處理或是改善由該感測器模組202所進行的剔除處理。一旦處理過輸入掃瞄線並算出其移動之後,即可像是依照對於未來掃瞄線的結果將該巡檢模組402設定為不會重訪該掃瞄線移動,然此確為可行並能改善真實度。當藉新的未經剔除橫列來呼叫該巡檢模組402時,簡化流程可如圖3所示。
數學上所眾知、不具可調改參數且耗用超過95%處理能力的前述關聯演算法最好是按照硬接線硬體實作的方式所實作。各個未經剔除的新掃瞄線,亦即經遞送至該主機計算裝置204者,必須關聯於儲存在該(等)圓形緩衝器210內的較老舊掃瞄線。即以範例而言,可在個別的48格位圓形緩衝器210內利用64個歷史橫列,亦即64個先前主掃瞄線230,以及64個先前次掃瞄線250,然少如48或甚32個總數者亦為足夠,特別是藉由改良剔除技術尤甚。
一種可能組態是利用48個4位元資料的橫列,亦即利用一個256像素主線性掃瞄陣列230的中間128個像素以及一個次線性掃瞄陣列250的完整64個像素。如此將需要等於48×(128+64)×0.5=4.6 KB的RAM緩衝器空間。以具有一64像素次像素的128主像素可提供+/-32的縱行式移位(後延),而一種替代性的112主像素則可容納+/-24的縱行式移位。該次掃瞄線250內的像素數量據信為較不易受修改所影響。
有關於計時考量,最劣情況為手指快速移動使得在該時刻沒有掃線被剔除,這意味著若為具備即時性,系統須在進行單一掃線的時間內完成任務。這可為例如250 μsec,然亦可接受330 μsec或更久。然若未進行任何優化以縮小關聯集組搜尋空間,則系統將需在各次迭遞時關聯3組資料,亦即目前主至所有(48個)所存次掃線(對於-y方向移動)、目前次至所有(48個)所存主掃線(對於+y方向移動),以及目前主至2或3個最新近所存主掃線(對於純然水平移動追蹤)。
在該較佳具體實施例裡會需要關聯總共48+48+2=98個橫列。各個橫列的關聯可運用64個像素並且需要在多個不同移位或後延上進行計算,如此將需追蹤高於或低於90度(純粹垂直)的角度。可容允的最大後延若是愈大,則離於可予追蹤之純然垂直的偏差就會愈寬。主對主關聯可僅對純然水平移動進行追蹤。可自後延歷史運用+/-16的後延範圍,並連同次一後延的預測值,同時合併於該預測值上或甚該最後算得數值上的後延範圍居中。或另者,也可能是運用較寬範圍,即如另為+/-24,並且居中於該次掃瞄線的中央上。利用此數量,每個橫列可能需要計算24+24+1=49個NCC數值。然若無前述的可能優化作業,則每個新掃瞄線的NCC計算總數量就會是49×98=4802個。對於一給定後延,單一NCC計算的典型等式可如下式:
NCC=[E(qRef*qTest)-E(qRef)E(qTest)]/[σ(qRef)*σ(qTest)](i)
其中qRef為次掃瞄線內之像素的集合,qTest為主掃瞄線內所使用之像素的移位集合,E(q)為q中之像素集合的期望值並且σ(q)為q中之像素集合的標準差。由於標準差需為平方根,因此利用平方NCC數值來簡化該等式可有助益。其他的直觀性簡化方式可包含消除大多數的除法運算。從而對於所考量給定後延的巡檢演算法等式(亦即次像素集合相對於主像素集合之間的個別移位)就會變成:
NCC2
=[N*Σ(qRef*qTest)-Σ(qRef)*Σ(qTest)]2
/([N*Σ(qRef*qRef)-Σ(qRef)*Σ(qRef)]*[N*Σ(qTest*qTest)-Σ(qTest)*Σ(qTest)]) (ii)
其中N=64,並且所有總和皆為1-64。
根據本揭主題項目之具體實施例的特點要在三個關聯分數中選擇一項最可能者來表示真實移動,亦即關聯集合選擇,會牽涉到在如下三個關聯尖峰中選擇:主對先前次(CorrUP,即+y軸移動)、次對先前主(CorrDOWN,即-y軸移動)和主對先前主(CorrSIDE),而這是一項利用主對先前主的較佳具體實施例,其理由為像素位置的數量較多且因此可靠度較高。
可利用下列邏輯:若CorrUP>CorrDOWN+Margin_updown且CorrUp>CorrSIDE+Margin_side且CorrUp>Thresh_updown,則手指為朝上移動(+y方向)。換句話說,CorrUP必須顯著地大於CorrDOWN和CorrSIDE,同時也必須大於一選定門檻值。同樣地,假使CorrDOWN>CorrUP+Margin_updown且CorrDOWN>CorrSIDE+Margin_side且CorrDOWN>Thresh_updown,則手指為朝下移動(-y軸方向移動)。最後,如果CorrSIDE>CorrUP+Margin_side且CorrSIDE>CorrDOWN+Margin_side且CorrSIDE>Thresh_side,則手指為側向移動。
一般說來Margin_updown大於零,並且倘若關聯數值是在0-100間的範圍內,則Margin_updown通常會在0<Margin_updown<50。Margin_side通常則是小於零,因為既已發現到在一般情況下側邊對側邊關聯會傾向於較上下關聯為高。其原因為所予關聯的資料是來自於感測器的相同部份(即如主對主),而不是上下,這是主相對於次。所以一般說來-25<Margin_side<0,但是這可隨感測硬體而有所差異。
即如前述,NCC並非用以測量兩條掃瞄線之相似度,即具有近似等同測度值,的唯一方式,亦即「均方誤差(MSE)」和「絕對值差總和(SAD)」確可作為替代方式。在經前述優化後,該等在計算作業複雜度方面比起NCC雖略微較低,然確可能較易於以硬體進行實作。若為如此,則正確度影響可能就是選擇上的決定因素。
本揭示的具體實施例可運用於掃瞄除手指以外的物件,並且產生除指紋影像以外的物件影像。本揭示可用於掃瞄其他的生物量測資料,像是手掌的掌紋或者視網膜。亦可藉由刷掃掃瞄器以運用本揭示來掃瞄幾乎任何類型的物件,而無須計算該物件在當移動越過該刷掃掃瞄器時的速度。
本揭示是參照於多項方法以及實作該等方法之裝置的區塊圖和操作範例(共集地稱為「區塊圖」)所說明。區塊圖的各個區塊,以及該等區塊圖內之多個區塊的組合,可為藉由類比或數位硬體及/或電腦程式指令,像是在一計算裝置內,所實作。該等電腦程式指令可為提供至一般目的性電腦、特殊目的性電腦、微控制器、ASIC或是任何其它可程式化資料處理設備的處理器,故而該等指令在當透過該計算裝置執行時即能實作該區塊圖內所標定的功能/動作。該等區塊圖內所註明之功能/動作可按照異於區塊圖中所標註的次序執行。例如,根據所牽涉之功能性/動作而定,兩個經連續顯示的區塊事實上可大致同時地執行,或者該等區塊有時可按相反次序執行。此外,可藉由不同的計算裝置,像是在依照序串或平行排置運行並且交換資料及/或分享共同資料儲存媒體之計算裝置內的處理器陣列,來實作不同區塊。
如本揭案文以及申請專利範圍中所使用的詞彙「電腦可讀取媒體」泛指一種可供依照計算裝置機器可讀取形式以儲存電腦程式及/或資料的非暫態性媒體。電腦可讀取媒體可包含電腦儲存媒體和通訊媒體。電腦儲存媒體可包含揮發性及非揮發性、可移除及非可移除媒體,該等可按任何適當方法或技術所實作,藉以儲存像是電腦可讀取指令、資料結構、程式模組或特定應用程式的資訊。
如本揭案文以及申請專利範圍中所使用的詞彙「模組」泛指能夠藉由或無須人類互動或擴增以執行或是促成本揭程序、特性及/或功能的軟體、硬體及/或韌體系統、程序及/或功能性。一個模組可含有多個子模組。模組的軟體元件可為儲存在非暫態性計算裝置可讀取媒體上。模組可為整合於一或更多伺服器,或者可由一或更多伺服器予以載入並執行。可群組化一或更多模組而成為引擎或應用程式。
雖在此既已顯示及說明本發明的較佳具體實施例,然本發明領域中具通常知識者將能顯見此等具體實施例實僅依範例方式所提供。本發明領域中具通常知識者將能構思眾多更改、變化和替代項目而不致悖離本發明。應瞭解當實作本發明時確能運用前文所揭示之本發明具體實施例的各種替代項目。所欲者為由後載之申請專利範圍定義本發明範疇,並藉以涵蓋歸屬於該等申請專利範圍及其等之等同項目的方法與結構。
200...指紋掃瞄及影像重建系統
202...感測器
204...影像重建模組
205...剔除模組
206...主機計算裝置
210...資料庫
220...雙線指紋掃瞄器
230...主線性掃瞄器區段
232...像素掃瞄點
234...導線
236...參考電壓平板
238...間隔
250...次線性掃瞄器區段
252...像素掃瞄點
254...導線
256...參考電壓平板
258...間隔
262...接點
270...多工器
272...感測器
300...程序
302-360...使用者輸入裝置的流程
370...主掃瞄線
372...次掃瞄線
400...使用者輸入裝置
402-430...使用者輸入裝置的區塊圖
後載之申請專利範圍裡依特定性列述本發明的新穎特性。藉由參照於後文中陳述多項其中運用本發明原理之示範性具體實施例的詳細說明,並連同隨附圖式,將能獲以更佳地瞭解本發明特性與優點,其中:
圖1為根據本揭示具體實施例之指紋掃瞄及影像重建系統基本組態的區塊略圖。
圖2為一根據本揭示具體實施例之雙線指紋掃瞄器而部份地按區塊圖形式的略視圖。
圖3為根據本揭示具體實施例之使用者輸入裝置的流程圖。
圖4a-g為根據本揭示具體實施例之交互關聯技術的略圖說明。
圖5為根據本揭示具體實施例之使用者輸入裝置的區塊略圖。
200...指紋掃瞄及影像重建系統
202...感測器
204...影像重建模組
205...剔除模組
206...主機計算裝置
210...資料庫
220...雙線指紋掃瞄器
230...主線性掃瞄器區段
232...像素掃瞄點
234...導線
236...參考電壓平板
238...間隔
250...次線性掃瞄器區段
252...像素掃瞄點
254...導線
256...參考電壓平板
258...間隔
262...接點
270...多工器
272...感測器
Claims (19)
- 一種使用者輸入設備,包含:一雙線物件成像感測器,具有一主掃線掃瞄-感測器以提供一主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出和一次掃線掃瞄-感測器以提供一次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出,各者輸出分別地表示目前主掃瞄像素橫列內以及目前次掃瞄像素橫列內的像素,該主掃線掃瞄-感測器與該次掃線掃瞄-感測器各別經調適以對一物件掃瞄;一儲存設備,針對各掃瞄時間儲存各個目前主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出以維護複數個先前主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出之一像素橫列內的複數個儲存表現的像素,並且儲存各個目前次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出以維護複數個先前次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出之一像素橫列內的複數個所儲存表現的像素;一關聯單元,使該主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出中目前表現的像素的至少其中之一與該等複數個先前次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出之個別的像素橫列中所儲存表線的像素相關聯,並且使該次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出中目前表現的像素與於該等複數個先前主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出之個別的像素橫列中所儲存表現的像素相關聯;以及該關聯單元提供一移動指標以作為一輸出,其包含該所予掃瞄物件的運動的一方向和一振幅,與該等主和次掃線掃瞄-感測器共平面並且與該等主和次掃線掃瞄-感測器之座標系統對齊。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之使用者輸入設備,其 中該關聯單元使該主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出內的目前表現的像素與該等複數個先前主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出之個別像素橫列中所儲存表現的像素相關。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之使用者輸入設備,其中該關聯單元使該次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出中目前表現的像素與先前次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出之像素橫列中所儲存表現的像素相關。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之使用者輸入設備,其中該關聯單元輸出可運作連接至一使用者裝置使用者介面。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之使用者輸入設備,其中該關聯單元對於由該關聯單元所執行的各項關聯作業產生一關聯分數,並且基於該等關聯分數的評估結果提供該關聯分數輸出。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之使用者輸入設備,其中該等關聯分數包含一下行關聯分數、一上行關聯分數以及一側行關聯分數。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之使用者輸入設備,其中該移動指標是利用該物件的一速度所算得。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之使用者輸入設備,其中該移動指標並未利用該物件的一速度所算得。
- 一種提供使用者輸入之方法,該方法包含:提供一主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出和一次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出,其透過一雙線物件成像感測器具有一主掃線掃瞄-感測器和一次掃線掃瞄-感測器,各者輸出分別地表現於目前主掃瞄像素橫列中的像素以及目前次掃瞄像素橫列中的像素,而藉由使用該主掃線掃瞄-感測器與該次掃線掃瞄-感測器以掃瞄一物件;針對各掃瞄時間,將各個目前主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出儲存在一儲存設備中,以維護複數個先前主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出各像素橫列中的複數個所儲存表現的像素,並且針對各掃瞄時間,將各個目前次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出儲存在一儲存設備中,以維護複數個先前次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出各像素橫列中的複數個所存儲表現的像素;藉由一關聯單元使得該主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出中目前表現的像素的至少其中之一與該等複數個先前次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出之個別像素橫列中所儲存表現的像素相關,並且使次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出中目前表現的像素與該等複數個先前主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出之個別像素橫列中所儲存表現的像素相關;以及提供一移動指標以作為該關聯單元的一輸出,該指標表示該所予掃瞄物件的運動的一方向和一振幅,與該等主和次掃線掃瞄-感測器共平面並且與該主及次掃線掃瞄-感測器之座標系統對齊。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之方法,進一步包含藉 由該關聯單元,使得該主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出中目前表現的像素與該等複數個先前主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出之個別像素橫列中所儲存表現的像素相關。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之方法,進一步包含藉由該關聯單元,使得該次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出中目前表現的像素與先前次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出之像素橫列中所存表現的像素相關。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之方法,進一步包含將該關聯單元輸出提供至一使用者裝置使用者介面。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之方法,進一步包含藉由該關聯單元以對於由該關聯單元所執行的各項關聯作業產生一關聯分數,並且基於該等關聯分數的評估結果提供該關聯分數輸出。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之方法,其中該等關聯分數包含一下行關聯分數、一上行關聯分數以及一側行關聯分數。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之方法,其中該移動指標是利用該物件的一速度所算得。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之方法,其中該移動指標並未利用該物件的一速度所算得。
- 一種使用者輸入設備,包含: 一雙線物件成像感測器,具有一主掃線掃瞄-感測器以提供一主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出和一次掃線掃瞄-感測器以提供一次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出,各者輸出分別地表示目前主掃瞄像素橫列內以及目前次掃瞄像素橫列內的像素,該主掃線掃瞄-感測器與該次掃線掃瞄-感測器各別經調適以對一物件掃瞄;一儲存設備,針對各掃瞄時間儲存各個目前主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出以維護複數個先前主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出之一像素橫列內的複數個儲存表現的像素,並且儲存各個目前次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出以維護複數個先前次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出之一像素橫列內的複數個所儲存表現的像素;一關聯單元,使該主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出中目前表現的像素的至少其中之一與該等複數個先前次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出之個別的像素橫列中所儲存表線的像素相關聯,並且使該次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出中目前表現的像素與於該等複數個先前主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出之個別的像素橫列中所儲存表現的像素相關聯;以及該關聯單元提供一移動指標以作為一輸出,其包含該所予掃瞄物件的運動的一方向和一振幅,與該等主和次掃線掃瞄-感測器共平面並且與該等主和次掃線掃瞄-感測器之座標系統對齊;其中該關聯單元對於由該關聯單元所執行的各項關聯作業產生一關聯分數,並且基於該等關聯分數的評估結果提供該關聯分數輸出;以及其中該等關聯分數包含一下行關聯分數、一上行關 聯分數以及一側行關聯分數。
- 一種提供使用者輸入之方法,該方法包含:提供一主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出和一次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出,其透過一雙線物件成像感測器具有一主掃線掃瞄-感測器和一次掃線掃瞄-感測器,各者輸出分別地表現於目前主掃瞄像素橫列中的像素以及目前次掃瞄像素橫列中的像素,而藉由使用該主掃線掃瞄-感測器與該次掃線掃瞄-感測器以掃瞄一物件;針對各掃瞄時間,將各個目前主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出儲存在一儲存設備中,以維護複數個先前主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出各像素橫列中的複數個所儲存表現的像素,並且針對各掃瞄時間,將各個目前次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出儲存在一儲存設備中,以維護複數個先前次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出各像素橫列中的複數個所存儲表現的像素;藉由一關聯單元使得該主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出中目前表現的像素的至少其中之一與該等複數個先前次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出之個別像素橫列中所儲存表現的像素相關,並且使次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出中目前表現的像素與該等複數個先前主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出之個別像素橫列中所儲存表現的像素相關;以及提供一移動指標以作為該關聯單元的一輸出,該指標表示該所予掃瞄物件的運動的一方向和一振幅,與該等主和次掃線掃瞄-感測器共平面並且與該主及次掃線掃瞄-感測器之座標系統對齊; 藉由該關聯單元以對於由該關聯單元所執行的各項關聯作業產生一關聯分數,並且基於該等關聯分數的評估結果提供該關聯分數輸出;其中該等關聯分數包含一下行關聯分數、一上行關聯分數以及一側行關聯分數。
- 一種非暫態實體機器可讀取媒體儲存指令、當透過一電腦裝置執行時、導致該電腦裝置實施一提供使用者輸入之方法,該方法包含:接收一主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出和一次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出,其分別從一雙線物件成像感測器具有一主掃線掃瞄-感測器和一次掃線掃瞄-感測器,分別地表現於目前主掃瞄像素橫列中的像素以及目前次掃瞄像素橫列中的像素,而藉由使用該主掃線掃瞄-感測器與該次掃線掃瞄-感測器以掃瞄一物件;針對各掃瞄時間,將各個目前主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出儲存,以維護複數個先前主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出各像素橫列中的複數個所儲存表現的像素,並且針對各掃瞄時間,將各個目前次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出儲存,以維護複數個先前次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出各像素橫列中的複數個所存儲表現的像素;使得該主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出中目前表現的像素的至少其中之一與該等複數個先前次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出之個別像素橫列中所儲存表現的像素相關,並且使次掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出中目前表現的像素與該等複數個先前主掃線掃瞄-感測器輸出之個別像素橫列中所儲 存表現的像素相關;以及提供表示該所予掃瞄物件的運動的一方向和一振幅的一移動指標,與該等主和次掃線掃瞄-感測器共平面並且與該主及次掃線掃瞄-感測器之座標系統對齊;以及產生供執行的各項關聯作業的一關聯分數,並且基於該等關聯分數的評估結果提供該關聯分數輸出;其中該等關聯分數包含一下行關聯分數、一上行關聯分數以及一側行關聯分數。
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2012
- 2012-01-20 TW TW101102452A patent/TWI439948B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-01-26 GB GB1201301.7A patent/GB2487661B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-01-26 KR KR1020120008000A patent/KR101364840B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-08-20 US US13/971,644 patent/US8811723B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2487661A (en) | 2012-08-01 |
| GB2487661B (en) | 2015-07-15 |
| KR101364840B1 (ko) | 2014-02-19 |
| DE102011122680A1 (de) | 2012-07-26 |
| US20130335322A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
| GB201201301D0 (en) | 2012-03-07 |
| KR20120086677A (ko) | 2012-08-03 |
| US20120189166A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
| US8811723B2 (en) | 2014-08-19 |
| TW201234279A (en) | 2012-08-16 |
| DE102011122680B4 (de) | 2016-05-04 |
| US8538097B2 (en) | 2013-09-17 |
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