TWM452995U - 板狀建材 - Google Patents
板狀建材 Download PDFInfo
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- TWM452995U TWM452995U TW102200048U TW102200048U TWM452995U TW M452995 U TWM452995 U TW M452995U TW 102200048 U TW102200048 U TW 102200048U TW 102200048 U TW102200048 U TW 102200048U TW M452995 U TWM452995 U TW M452995U
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- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001910 maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 241000276425 Xiphophorus maculatus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011464 hollow brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010920 waste tyre Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
- E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
- E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
- E04C2/243—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20 one at least of the material being insulating
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
- E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
- E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
- E04C2/246—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20 combinations of materials fully covered by E04C2/16 and E04C2/20
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/139—Open-ended, self-supporting conduit, cylinder, or tube-type article
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24744—Longitudinal or transverse tubular cavity or cell
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
Description
本創作是關於一種板狀建材,特別是一種利用保留原始狀稻殼或麥殼的條狀纖維單元與填充物及偶合物結合而成的板狀建材。
木材在生活中是最常被使用的材料之一,其天然形成的木質纖維與紋路,兼具美觀及強度,舉凡各種建築、家具等等,無不見其蹤影。然而,隨著木製品、紙漿需求的增加,樹木的砍伐日益嚴重,盜伐也層出不窮;另一方面,樹木生長緩慢,人工造林緩不濟急,生態環境大受影響。就使用上而言,木材易受潮變形、蟲蛀及老化腐壞。就造價而言,硬質的優良木材成本也高。若是以石化製品如塑膠等等來完全取代木材,汙染較高且其廢棄物不易處理。又一般合板類製品,結構強度又稍嫌不足。
因此,如何發展一種環保且耐用的建材,是目前亟需努力的課題。
本創作提供一種板狀建材,其利用保留原始狀稻殼或麥殼的條狀纖維單元,與填充物及偶合物結合而成板狀建材。如此,保留稻殼或麥殼的纖維增強了建材強度,稻殼或麥殼來源也易於取得,並且減少了木材與石化塑料的使用。
本創作一實施例之板狀建材包含多個條狀纖維單元、一填充
物以及一偶合物。多個條狀纖維單元係由原始狀的多個稻殼組成,其中多個稻殼呈現纖維軸向的不規則排列,且多個稻殼之間形成分散的數個空隙。填充物用以填補多個稻殼之間分散的數個空隙,並結合多個條狀纖維單元,以形成板狀外觀。偶合物則分布於多個條狀纖維單元與填充物之介面,用以強化多個條狀纖維單元與填充物之結合。
本創作另一實施例之板狀建材包含多個條狀纖維單元、一填充物以及一偶合物。多個條狀纖維單元係由原始狀的多個麥殼組成,其中多個麥殼呈現纖維軸向的不規則排列,且多個麥殼之間形成分散的數個空隙。填充物用以填補多個麥殼之間分散的數個空隙,並結合多個條狀纖維單元,以形成板狀外觀。偶合物則分布於多個條狀纖維單元與填充物之介面,用以強化多個條狀纖維單元與填充物之結合。
以下藉由具體實施例配合所附的圖式詳加說明,當更容易瞭解本創作之目的、技術內容、特點及其所達成之功效。
10‧‧‧板狀建材
10A‧‧‧橫向溝紋層
10B‧‧‧縱向溝紋層
20‧‧‧條狀纖維單元
22‧‧‧稻殼、麥殼
30‧‧‧填充物
32‧‧‧偶合物
34‧‧‧安定劑
S‧‧‧空隙
第1A圖為本創作一實施例之板狀建材示意圖。
第1B圖為第1A圖的局部放大圖。
第2A圖及第2B圖為本創作之板狀建材經壓紋後的形成的橫向溝紋層及縱向溝紋層示意圖。
第3圖為具有多層次壓紋編織結構的板狀建材示意圖。
第4圖為具有中空管狀結構的板狀建材示意圖。
請參照第1A圖及第1B圖,本創作之一實施例之板狀建材10包含多個條狀纖維單元20、一填充物30以及一偶合物32。多個條狀纖維單元20係由原始狀的多個稻殼22組成,其中多個稻殼22呈現纖維軸向的不規則排列,且多個稻殼22之間形成分散的數個空隙S。填充物30用以填補多個稻殼之間分散的數個空隙S,並結合多個條狀纖維單元20,以形成板狀外觀。偶合物32則分布於多個條狀纖維單元20與填充物30之介面,用以強化多個條狀纖維單元20與填充物30之結合。
接續上述,請再參考第1A圖及第1B圖,板狀建材10包含多個條狀纖維單元20、一填充物30以及一偶合物32,其中多個條狀纖維單元20係由原始狀的多個稻殼22組成。選用稻殼的原因乃是因為稻殼取得容易且成本低(僅需運費),可大量取自於國內的農業地區,例如臺灣的雲嘉南地區,或泰國、越南、印尼等產稻大國。此外,稻殼本身含有矽,因此具有抗菌、防霉、防蟲蛀的作用。有別於傳統式將稻殼燒製成灰或絞碎成粉末狀以製造環保板狀建材的方法,本創作直接使用脫除後之原始狀的多個稻殼22,其係保留原有稻殼之條狀纖維結構,不經磨粉,以增強材料的強度。填充物30與偶合物32的種類及比例則根據使用者需求調配。填充物30以塑料為主,傳統而言,填充物係為環保板狀建材的主成分,稻殼僅少量添加。然而於本創作之一實施例中,多個稻殼22為主成分,並且呈現纖維軸向的不規則排列,如此可使整個板狀建材具有均勻的結構強度。另外,因為填充物30填補多個稻殼之間分散的數個空隙S,使多個稻殼22與填充物30之間得以緊密結合(如第1B圖所示),大幅提升板狀建材10的
結構強度。偶合物32則用以偶合改性,強化多個條狀纖維單元20與填充物30之介面強度,可改善板狀建材10的物理性質,例如改善耐磨性及抗衝擊性,其中偶合物32包含馬來酸酐接枝聚烯烴、鈦酸酯類偶合劑或矽烷類偶合劑。至於填充物30的比例僅在20%到30%之間,其可選用尼龍(Nylon)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚乙烯對苯二甲酸酯(PET)中至少其中一種。例如,生產製程中採用前述的尼龍與馬來酸酐接枝聚烯烴,可大大提升板狀建材10的斷裂拉伸強度和斷裂延伸率。
根據上述,以稻殼為主成分,可充分利用農作廢棄稻殼,並且減少塑料使用,相當環保且經濟。請再參照第1A圖及第1B圖,較佳者,板狀建材10更包含一安定劑34,其係分布於填充物30中,用以抑制及減緩板狀建材10於製造、加工或成品階段的變質劣化,其中安定劑34包含熱穩定劑、光穩定劑、抗氧化劑、防焦劑至少其中之一。例如,添加抗紫外線穩定劑,可防止板狀建材10受到紫外線的照射而分解劣化;添加抗氧化劑則可以延緩板狀建材10因氧化而分解。本創作之板狀建材10除了填充物30、偶合物32及安定劑34之外,亦可添加阻燃材料(如氫氧化鎂、氫氧化鋁、硼酸鋅)、散熱材料、吸音材料、橡膠(如廢棄輪胎)、滑石粉、回收再生料、及矽砂(如玻璃砂)至少其中之一,以節省成本並改變板狀建材之特性。例如,可回收再生利用不需要或廢棄之板狀建材10,僅需將其打碎處理即可重新成為製作原料;或是加入廢棄的輪胎碎片,增加板狀建材10之強度。可理解的是,上述之填充物30、偶合物32及安定劑34及其他材料可以互相混合使用,且其用途與材料不限於此。
承上,準備好多個條狀纖維單元20及填充物30後,將其混
合,送入一壓出成型機,並添加偶合物32及安定劑34。經過加熱混練、壓出並冷卻後,即得到所需之板狀建材10。可理解的是,在加熱混練、壓出成型的過程中,亦即多個稻殼22與填充物30緊密結合的過程中,原始狀的多個稻殼22可成為破碎或破裂狀,但仍保留原有稻殼之條狀纖維結構,與傳統之粉末狀或灰狀不同。板狀建材10的形狀及後續處理可依使用者需求調整。舉例而言,板狀建材10可多層壓合成一具有中空多層次編織結構的板狀建材10,其內部具有一橫向溝紋或一縱向溝紋或其混合的壓紋結構。如第2A圖及第2B圖所示,首層壓出具有橫向溝紋的橫向溝紋層10A,次層壓出具有縱向溝紋的縱向溝紋層10B,選擇適當的層數並依序多層次熱壓合橫向溝紋層10A及縱向溝紋層10B,形成多層次壓紋編織結構的板狀建材10,如第3圖所示,如此板狀建材10多層次的壓紋結構可產生編織效果的中空空間而增加物理強度;同時大幅減輕重量並具備保暖效果。此外,還可以於板狀建材10外部貼合木紋表皮,增加美觀效果並使表面平整;亦可貼合防火層,加強防火效果。另外,還可以將板狀建材10進行各種異形壓出的製程,例如板狀建材10也可以製造成中空管狀的結構,如第4圖所示,不但輕量化,也能保持良好的結構強度。
板狀建材10具有良好的物理性質、比木材更加防水耐用、輕量化且易於加工,除此之外,由於添加了稻殼,可抗菌、防霉且防蟲蛀。就一般家居使用,可用於書櫃、桌椅、門板;就建築裝潢而言,可做為裝潢建材、地板、屋瓦、輕質隔間甚至是板模。若是製作成空心磚、空心管,則可內填鋼筋水泥作為戶外建材,因為板狀建材10防水,因此戶外使用更耐候。又,因為板狀建材10燃燒後不會產生毒氣(例如搭配聚乙烯等無毒填
充物),作為火化用之棺材亦相當環保經濟。除此之外,傳統木材製品為病蟲害的傳播路徑,美國、加拿大跟中國大陸的樹林皆飽受松線樹蟲的侵害,因此木材製品在國際間通關的時候,還需要經過消毒的手續。相較於木材,本創作的板狀建材10以稻殼或麥殼為主成分,因此不會有木材病蟲害的問題,也節省了消毒的時間與金錢耗費。例如,板狀建材10製造成棧板用以存放貨物,在貨物運輸的過程中,棧板不會成為木材病蟲害的傳播媒介。
可理解的是,板狀建材10更包含多個天然纖維單元以及人工纖維單元至少其中之一。也就是說,多個條狀纖維單元20除使用保留原有稻殼之條狀纖維結構之原始狀的多個稻殼22外,亦可混合天然纖維或人工合成纖維。請再參照第1A圖及第1B圖,填充物30與多個天然纖維單元以及人工纖維單元至少其中之一填補多個稻殼22之間分散的數個空隙S,且填充物30用以結合多個條狀纖維單元20與多個天然纖維單元以及人工纖維單元至少其中之一,以形成板狀外觀。其中天然纖維包含稻殼、稻草、木料、椰子殼、玉米莖葉梗、麥殼、麥梗、甘蔗渣、竹料至少其中之一;人工纖維單元包含布料(如網布)、玻璃纖維及紙類至少其中之一。而本創作之天然纖維單元及人工纖維單元的來源,可取自於農作物剩餘物、植物廢料或回收廢料中至少其中之一。又,纖維材料20亦可為破裂狀或破碎狀,例如摻入加工剩餘的木屑、木粉。
根據本創作另一實施例,請再參考第1A圖及第1B圖,板狀建材10包含多個條狀纖維單元20、一填充物30以及一偶合物32。多個條狀纖維單元20係由原始狀的多個麥殼22組成,其中多個麥殼22呈現纖維軸向的不規則排列,且多個麥殼22之間形成分散的數個空隙S。填充物
30用以填補多個麥殼之間分散的數個空隙S,並結合多個條狀纖維單元20,以形成板狀外觀。偶合物32則分布於多個條狀纖維單元20與填充物30之介面,用以強化多個條狀纖維單元20與填充物30之結合。其餘原理及操作方式如前一實施例所述,於此不再贅言。
綜合上述,本創作提供一種板狀建材,其利用保留原始狀稻殼或麥殼的條狀纖維單元與填充物及偶合物結合而成板狀建材。如此,保留稻殼或麥殼纖維增強了建材強度,稻殼或麥殼來源也易於取得,並且減少了木材與石化塑料的使用。除此之外,成型的板狀建材具有良好的物理性質、防水耐用、輕量化且易於加工並且免於病蟲害,燃燒也不會產生毒氣(若搭配無毒填充物)。另外,還可以依使用者需求,加入其他材料,除了用途多樣化,也充分的利用了資源。
以上所述之實施例僅是為說明本創作之技術思想及特點,其目的在使熟習此項技藝之人士能夠瞭解本創作之內容並據以實施,當不能以之限定本創作之專利範圍,即大凡依本創作所揭示之精神所作之均等變化或修飾,仍應涵蓋在本創作之專利範圍內。
10‧‧‧板狀建材
20‧‧‧條狀纖維單元
22‧‧‧稻殼、麥殼
30‧‧‧填充物
32‧‧‧偶合物
34‧‧‧安定劑
S‧‧‧空隙
Claims (26)
- 一種板狀建材,包含:多個條狀纖維單元,其係由原始狀的多個稻殼組成,其中該些稻殼呈現纖維軸向的不規則排列,且該些稻殼之間形成分散的數個空隙;一填充物,其填補該些稻殼之間分散的該些空隙,並結合該些條狀纖維單元,以形成板狀外觀;以及一偶合物,其分布於該些條狀纖維單元與該填充物之介面,用以強化該些條狀纖維單元與該填充物之結合。
- 如請求項1所述之板狀建材,其中該填充物包含尼龍、聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚乙烯對苯二甲酸酯(PET)中至少其中之一。
- 如請求項1所述之板狀建材,其中該偶合物包含馬來酸酐接枝聚烯烴、鈦酸酯偶合劑或矽烷類偶合劑。
- 如請求項1所述之板狀建材,更包括一安定劑,其係分布於該填充物中,用以抑制及減緩該板狀建材於製造、加工或成品階段的變質劣化。
- 如請求項4所述之板狀建材,其中該安定劑包含熱穩定劑、光穩定劑、抗氧化劑、防焦劑至少其中之一。
- 如請求項1所述之板狀建材,其中該些稻殼可為破裂狀或破碎狀。
- 如請求項1所述之板狀建材,更包含多個天然纖維單元以及人工纖維單元至少其中之一,其中該填充物與該些天然纖維單元以及該些人工纖維單元至少其中之一填補該些稻殼之間分散的該些空隙,且該填充物用以結合該些條狀纖維單元與該些天然纖維單元以及該些人工纖維單元至少其中之一,以形成板狀外觀。
- 如請求項7所述之板狀建材,其中該些天然纖維單元包含稻草、木料、椰子殼、玉米莖葉梗、麥殼、麥梗、甘蔗渣、 竹料至少其中之一。
- 如請求項7所述之板狀建材,其中該些人工纖維單元包含布料、玻璃纖維及紙類至少其中之一。
- 如請求項7所述之板狀建材,其中該些天然纖維單元、該些人工纖維單元為破裂狀或破碎狀。
- 如請求項1所述之板狀建材,更包含阻燃材料、吸音材料、散熱材料、橡膠、滑石粉、回收再生料及矽砂至少其中之一。
- 如請求項1所述之板狀建材,其中該板狀建材具有一縱向溝紋或一橫向溝紋或其混合的壓紋結構;以及多個該板狀建材上下熱壓堆疊,其中首層該板狀建材與次層該板狀建材的壓紋結構不同,用以形成具編織效果的中空空間。
- 如請求項1所述之板狀建材,其中該板狀建材具有中空管狀之結構。
- 一種板狀建材,包含:多個條狀纖維單元,其係由原始狀的多個麥殼組成,其中該些麥殼呈現纖維軸向的不規則排列,且該些麥殼之間形成分散的數個空隙;一填充物,其填補該些麥殼之間分散的該些空隙,並結合該些條狀纖維單元,以形成板狀外觀;以及一偶合物,其分布於該些條狀纖維單元與該填充物之介面,用以強化該些條狀纖維單元與該填充物之結合。
- 如請求項14所述之板狀建材,其中該填充物包含尼龍、聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚乙烯對苯二甲酸酯(PET)中至少其中之一。
- 如請求項14所述之板狀建材,其中該偶合物包含馬來酸酐接枝聚烯烴、鈦酸酯偶合劑或矽烷類偶合劑。
- 如請求項14所述之板狀建材,更包括一安定劑,其係分布於該填充物中,用以抑制及減緩該板狀建材於製造、加 工或成品階段的變質劣化。
- 如請求項17所述之板狀建材,其中該安定劑包含熱穩定劑、光穩定劑、抗氧化劑、防焦劑至少其中之一。
- 如請求項14所述之板狀建材,其中該些麥殼可為破裂狀或破碎狀。
- 如請求項14所述之板狀建材,更包含多個天然纖維單元以及人工纖維單元至少其中之一,其中該填充物與該些天然纖維單元以及該些人工纖維單元至少其中之一填補該些麥殼之間分散的該些空隙,且該填充物用以結合該些條狀纖維單元與該些天然纖維單元以及該些人工纖維單元至少其中之一,以形成板狀外觀。
- 如請求項20所述之板狀建材,其中該些天然纖維單元包含稻殼、稻草、木料、椰子殼、玉米莖葉梗、麥梗、甘蔗渣、竹料至少其中之一。
- 如請求項20所述之板狀建材,其中該些人工纖維單元包含布料、玻璃纖維及紙類至少其中之一。
- 如請求項20所述之板狀建材,其中該些天然纖維單元、該些人工纖維單元為破裂狀或破碎狀。
- 如請求項14所述之板狀建材,更包含阻燃材料、吸音材料、散熱材料、橡膠、滑石粉、回收再生料及矽砂至少其中之一。
- 如請求項14所述之板狀建材,其中該板狀建材具有一縱向溝紋或一橫向溝紋或其混合的壓紋結構;以及多個該板狀建材可上下熱壓堆疊,其中首層該板狀建材與次層該板狀建材的壓紋結構不同,用以形成具編織效果的中空空間。
- 如請求項14所述之板狀建材,其中該板狀建材具有中空管狀之結構。
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