Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/02—Details
  • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
  • H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
  • H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
  • D04H1/4242—Carbon fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
  • D04H1/43—Acrylonitrile series
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
  • D04H1/4309—Polyvinyl alcohol
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4374—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
  • D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
  • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
  • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
  • D04H1/49—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation entanglement by fluid jet in combination with another consolidation means
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
  • D04H1/74—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
  • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
  • H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
  • Y10T442/608—Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
  • Y10T442/627—Strand or fiber material is specified as non-linear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
  • Y10T442/63—Carbon or carbonaceous strand or fiber material
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
  • Y10T442/689—Hydroentangled nonwoven fabric
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
  • Y10T442/69—Autogenously bonded nonwoven fabric
  • Y10T442/692—Containing at least two chemically different strand or fiber materials
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
  • Y10T442/696—Including strand or fiber material which is stated to have specific attributes [e.g., heat or fire resistance, chemical or solvent resistance, high absorption for aqueous compositions, water solubility, heat shrinkability, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
  • Y10T442/697—Containing at least two chemically different strand or fiber materials

Definitions

• the invention relates to a conductive nonwoven fabric.
• Conductive nonwoven fabrics are used as gas diffusion layers in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cells and must be conductive for electrons and gas-permeable. They must furthermore demonstrate channel structures for transporting away the water of reaction that is formed during operation of the fuel cells, and must possess an inherent rigidity at a limited thickness. Furthermore, they should have a good surface smoothness at least on one side.
• MEAs membrane electrode assemblies
• PEM proto exchange membrane
• Nonwoven fabrics with a thickness of 0.3 to 0.5 mm are known from JP 06/123050, which are made up of carbonizable polymer fiber materials such as polyacrylic nitrile (PAN) or oxidized polyacrylic nitrites, with a mass per unit area of 100 to 200 g/m 2 .
• PAN polyacrylic nitrile
• these textile fabrics are carbonized at temperatures between 1000 and 2100° C., whereby a carbon content of approximately 90 to 96% is achieved.
• a reduction in mass per unit area by 30 to 60 weight-percent is connected with the carbonization, i.e.
• the invention has set itself the task of indicating a conductive nonwoven fabric that overcomes the disadvantages of the state of the art.
• this task is accomplished by a conductive nonwoven fabric that is carbonized and/or graphitized and possesses a bending rigidity ⁇ 8 taber, a density of 0.1 g/m3 to 0.5 g/m 3 , a thickness of 80 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and an electrical conductivity of 10 to 300 S/cm 2 in the nonwoven fabric strip and 30 to 220 S/cm 2 perpendicular to the nonwoven fabric strip.
• the conductive nonwoven fabric according to the invention is obtained from preoxidized fibers as a precursor stage for carbon fibers that are mixed, if necessary, with up to 30 wt.-% of a percursor fiber that serves as a binder fiber, as well as up to 30 wt.-% of a water-soluble fiber with a fiber titer of 0.5 to 6.7 dtex, to form a fiber fleece with a mass per unit area of 60 to 300 g/m 2 , by bonding of the fiber fleece with high-pressure fluid jets at pressures of 100 to 300 bar, compression of the bonded fiber fleece by 50 to 90% of its starting thickness by calandering, and carbonization and/or graphitization under an inert gas atmosphere, at 800° C.
• the conductive nonwoven fabric obtained in this way demonstrates a channel structure in the direction of the layer thickness of the nonwoven fabric.
• the preoxidized fibers and, if applicable, the binder fibers and water-soluble fibers are mixed homogeneously and deposited to form a fiber sheet.
• the fiber sheet, with a mass per unit area of 30 to 300 g/m 2 is passed to a bonding unit, in which the fibers are swirled and intertangled by high-energy water jets, at pressures of 100 to 300 bar. After this treatment, part of the fibers demonstrates an orientation in the direction of the Z direction (thickness) of the nonwoven fabric.
• the conductive nonwoven fabric is one in which 80 to 90 wt.-% of a mixture of binder fibers and preoxidized fibers in a weight ratio of 0:1 to 1:3 and 10 to 20 wt.-% of a water-soluble fiber with a fiber titer of 0.8 to 3.3 dtex are used.
• This composition of the fibers and their fineness result in conductive nonwoven fabrics with a porosity of 70 to 95.
• the conductive nonwoven fabric is furthermore one in which two different water-soluble fibers were used, one of which is water-soluble at temperatures of 10 to 40° C. and the other of which is water-soluble at temperatures of 80 to 120° C.
• the fibers in the temperature range of 10 to 40° C. are already dissolved out of the fiber fleece during the water-jet bonding process, and defined channels are formed in the nonwoven fabric layer, allowing improved gas permeability and improved removal transport of the water of reaction in the gas diffusion layer produced from them.
• the fibers that are not soluble in water until a temperature range of 80 to 120° C. remain in the bonded nonwoven fabric and become binder fibers in the wet state, because of their stickiness.
• the nonwoven fabric is passed through a calander while it is still wet, and compressed there.
• the conductive nonwoven fabric is one in which the ratio of the water-soluble fibers relative to one another is 3:1 to 1:3.
• the rigidity of the gas diffusion layer and its porosity can be adjusted with this ratio.
• a conductive nonwoven fabric that is made up of several fiber layers with different pore sizes is particularly preferred, where the fibers of the individual layers possess different titers.
• the progressive build-up of the conductive nonwoven fabric from several fiber layers promotes the transport reaction to the proton exchange membrane and the removal transport of the water of reaction that is formed.
• PAN polyacrylic nitrile
• cellulose fibers and/or phenolic resin fibers are used as the preoxidized fibers
• PVA polyvinyl alcohol
• the gas diffusion layer that is obtained from a nonwoven fabric made of these fibers can be carbonized well, for one thing, and for another, it can be easily adjusted with regard to its pore distribution and its rigidity.
• a conductive nonwoven fabric that is hydrophobized by application of a hydrophobization agent such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) is particularly preferred.
• PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• the transport processes at the phase border surfaces can be further improved by hydrophobization.
• the conductive nonwoven fabric is produced in such a manner that
• preoxidized fibers if necessary in a mixture with up to 30 wt.-% carbonizable precursor fibers that serve as binder fibers, and up to 30 wt.-% water-soluble fibers, are mixed,
• production takes place in that in step
• calandering takes place at a contact pressure of 40 to 700 N/cm 2 and a temperature of 180 to 300° C.
• step 1 It is particularly preferred that in step
• a preoxidized PAN fiber (oxidized PAN fiber—OPF) with a fiber titer of 0.8 dtex and a fiber length of 60 mm is laid on a carding system to form a fiber fleece with a mass per unit area of 100 g/m 2 .
• the fiber fleece is passed to a bonding unit in which the fibers are tanglelaced and intertangled with one another by high-energy water jets on both sides, at pressures of approximately 100 bar in the first step and approximately 170 bar in the second step, in each instance.
• the nonwoven fabric is predried to a residual moisture of 15 to 20%. While still in the wet state, the nonwoven fabric is passed to a felt band calander and compressed at a temperature of approximately 220° C.
• the thickness of the water-jet-bonded nonwoven fabric is reduced from 0.8 mm to a thickness of 0.4 to 0.5 mm.
• the nonwoven fabric is passed to a carbonization unit in which carbonization takes place under a nitrogen atmosphere, at approximately 1000 to 1400° C.
• the resulting conductive nonwoven fabric demonstrates a crosswise conductivity, i.e. in the layer plane, of 12 S/cm in the machine direction, 18 S/cm crosswise to the machine direction, at a bending rigidity of ⁇ 1 taber and an air permeability of 6.0 l/m 2 sPa, and its through conductivity, i.e.
• a two-layer fiber fleece made up of a first fleece layer with a mass per unit area of 50 g/m 2 , made up of 80 wt.-% OPF with a fiber titer of 1.2 dtex and a fiber length of 60 mm, as well as 20 wt.-% of a TTP fiber (textile tow precursor) with a fiber titer of 1.7 dtex and a fiber length of 40 mm, and a second fleece layer with a mass per unit area of 50 g/m 2 , made up of 80 wt.-% OPF with a fiber titer of 0.8 dtex and a fiber length of 60 mm, as well as 20 wt.-% of a TTP fiber with a fiber titer of 0.8 dtex and a fiber length of 40 mm, which were cross-laid on a carding system, is passed to a bonding unit in which the fibers are tanglelaced and intertangled with one another by
• the nonwoven fabric is predried to a residual moisture of approximately 10%. While still in the wet state, the nonwoven fabric is passed to a roller calander with a steel roller and a roller coated with cotton, where the temperature of the steel roller was approximately 210° C. and that of the roller coated with cotton was approximately 150° C., and compressed at a line pressure of 80 kp/cm 2 . As a result of the calandering process, the thickness of the water-jet-bonded nonwoven fabric is reduced from 0.8 mm to a thickness of 0.16 mm. Subsequently, the nonwoven fabric is passed to a carbonization unit in which carbonization takes place under a nitrogen atmosphere, at approximately 1000 to 1400° C.
• the resulting conductive nonwoven fabric demonstrates a crosswise conductivity, i.e. in the layer plane, of 54 S/cm in the machine direction, 54 S/cm crosswise to the machine direction, at a bending rigidity of 1 taber and an air permeability of 2 l/m 2 sPa, and its through conductivity, i.e. perpendicular to the layer plane, is 120 S/cm 2 , where this value was determined at a surface pressure of 4.07 bar. Its density is 0.32 g/cm 3 , the porosity is 82%, and the average pore diameter is 15 ⁇ m.
• a preoxidized PAN fiber (oxidized PAN fiber—OPF) with a fiber titer of 0.8 dtex and fiber lengths of 60 mm is laid on a carding system to form a fiber fleece with a mass per unit area of 100 g/m 2 .
• the fiber fleece is passed to a bonding unit in which the fibers are tanglelaced and intertangled with one another by high-energy water jets on both sides, at pressures of approximately 100 bar in the first step and approximately 170 bar in the second step, in each instance.
• the nonwoven fabric is predried to a residual moisture of 15 to 20%.
• the nonwoven fabric While still in the wet state, the nonwoven fabric is passed to a calander made up of a steel roller and a plastic roller and compressed at a temperature of approximately 350° C. and at 250 kp/cm 2 . As a result of the calandering process, the thickness of the water-jet-bonded nonwoven fabric is reduced from 0.9 mm to a thickness of 0.14 mm. Subsequently, the nonwoven fabric is passed to a carbonization unit in which carbonization takes place under a nitrogen atmosphere, at approximately 1000 to 1400° C. The resulting conductive nonwoven fabric demonstrates a crosswise conductivity, i.e.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
• Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Conductive Materials (AREA)
• Inert Electrodes (AREA)
• Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
• Cell Separators (AREA)
• Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

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• 2000
  • 2000-10-11 DE DE10050512A patent/DE10050512A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2001
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  • 2001-09-27 US US10/149,398 patent/US20030109189A1/en not_active Abandoned
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  • 2001-09-27 EP EP01986796A patent/EP1328947B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2007
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