US20060195921A1 - Fruits of the genus capsium with improved taste and enhanced nutritional value - Google Patents

Fruits of the genus capsium with improved taste and enhanced nutritional value Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060195921A1
US20060195921A1 US10/552,969 US55296905A US2006195921A1 US 20060195921 A1 US20060195921 A1 US 20060195921A1 US 55296905 A US55296905 A US 55296905A US 2006195921 A1 US2006195921 A1 US 2006195921A1
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Prior art keywords
fruits
capsicum
plant
ascorbic acid
genus
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US10/552,969
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Anton Van Der Heiden
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Enza Zaden Beheer BV
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Enza Zaden de Enkhuizer Zaadhandel BV
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Application filed by Enza Zaden de Enkhuizer Zaadhandel BV filed Critical Enza Zaden de Enkhuizer Zaadhandel BV
Assigned to ENZA ZADEN DE ENKHUIZER ZAADHANDEL B.V. reassignment ENZA ZADEN DE ENKHUIZER ZAADHANDEL B.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VAN DER HEIDEN, ANTON ARNOLD
Assigned to ENZA ZADEN BEHEER B.V. reassignment ENZA ZADEN BEHEER B.V. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ENZA ZADEN DE ENKHUIZER ZAADHANDEL B.V.
Publication of US20060195921A1 publication Critical patent/US20060195921A1/en
Priority to US14/300,129 priority Critical patent/US9474220B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H5/08—Fruits
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H6/82—Solanaceae, e.g. pepper, tobacco, potato, tomato or eggplant
    • A01H6/822—Capsicum sp. [pepper]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for obtaining fruits of plants of the genus Capsicum with improved taste and enhanced nutritional value and especially to fruits with increased sucrose and/or ascorbic acid content as compared to plants of a similar type.
  • the invention also relates to fruits, plants, plant parts and seeds of the genus Capsicum obtainable by said method and to the use of the fruits and especially the use of the fruits for the preparation of food products.
  • Capsicum Fruits of plants of the genus Capsicum, like sweet peppers (paprika's) and hot peppers, hereafter both species are referred to as peppers, are available in a wide variety of different colors like red, yellow, brown, and orange for fully matured fruits and green, white, lilac, and purple for non-mature “unripe” fruits. In general, any random non-mature color can develop in any random mature color.
  • the color of the fruits is a result of a mixture of different color components in the fruit.
  • the color component green is provided by the presence of chloroplasts containing an abundant amount of green chlorophyl.
  • the color component red and yellow are provided by chromoplasts filled with red and yellow carotenoids, respectively. Examples of such carotenoids are capsanthin and capsorubin (red) and violaxanthin and zeaxanthin (yellow).
  • the different possible colors of the mature and non-mature fruits are usually a combination of different ratios between the red, green and yellow color components.
  • the locus Y controls the development of a red color component in the fruits. Plants comprising the dominant Y allele have fruits with a red color component and plants comprising two recessive y alleles lack a red color component. In detail, plants of the genotype Y/Y, Y/y and y/Y have the phenotypical fruit trait red color component and plants of the genotype y/y do not have a red color component.
  • the Y and y alleles separate in a Mendelian fashion in crosses i.e. independent of other phenotypical traits, indicating the involvement of a single gene.
  • the difference between the Y allele and the y allele is a deletion, rearrangement or mutation of a region approximately 25 cM away from the RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) marker CT204.
  • RFLP Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
  • capsanthin-capsorubin synthase gene Since the location of the capsanthin-capsorubin synthase gene is a genomic region, 25 cM away from the RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) marker CT204, it is generally accepted that the capsanthin-capsorubin synthase (CSS) gene is the gene responsible for the trait Y, observed in classic breeding experiments.
  • RFLP Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
  • the locus CL is involved in the transformation of chloroplasts to chromoplasts in plants of the genus Capsicum. During maturation of the fruits, the chlorophyl, responsible for the green color of the fruits, is degraded and the synthesis of carotenoids is initiated. The CL allele is dominant and the cl allele is recessive. Plants of the genotype CL/CL, CL/cl and cl/CL all have the phenotype that the chloroplasts are transformed into chromoplasts in contrast with the genotype cl/cl whereby the chloroplasts are maintained usually resulting in a lasting green color of the matured fruits.
  • Peppers are an important source of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the human diet. Ascorbic acid is essential for the synthesis of collagen, one of the most abundant proteins in the human body. Additionally, ascorbic acid is important for the inactivation of free radicals, which are byproducts of the oxidation pathways, and thus important for the prevention of a number of diseases amongst which cancer.
  • Peppers comprise per kilogram fresh weight at least three times more ascorbic acid than oranges and are therefore better suited as a daily source of ascorbic acid.
  • Peppers are usually consumed as a “taste” providing ingredient in food products and thus usually not used in quantities sufficient for the daily intake of ascorbic acid.
  • Fruits of the genus Capsicum comprising a higher ascorbic acid content would provide an improved source of this vitamin even in lower quantities.
  • the inventors surprisingly found that the above-mentioned two loci, Y and CL, which were previously only identified to be involved in color traits, are also responsible for other unexpected phenotypical traits involving the sugar and ascorbic acid content in fruits of plants of the genus Capsicum.
  • the method according to claim 1 improves the taste and/or the nutritional value of fruits of a plant belonging to the genus Capsicum, by manipulation of the CL and the Y loci preferably resulting in a plant of the genus Capsicum, comprising two recessive y alleles and two recessive cl alleles.
  • a plant comprising the genotype y/y, cl/cl can be obtained in a number of ways such as using parent plants which comprise a y allele and/or a cl allele.
  • biological analysis methods like biochemical and molecular biological methods, are preferably used to determine the presence of a y allele.
  • a recessive trait and multiple genes the presence of a cl allele is also preferably determined by using these biological analysis methods.
  • a parent plant comprising a y allele can for example be selected by using RFLP (Restriction Length Polymorphism).
  • RFLP Restriction Length Polymorphism
  • the genomic DNA of plants of the genus Capsicum can be digested with a restriction enzyme, like Dra1, and after gel separation of the fragments, the presence of a polymorphism can be detected with for example a probe recognizing the genomic sequence of the capsanthin-capsorubin synthase (CSS) gene.
  • the presence of a y allele is indicated by a different sized band on for example a Southern blot as compared with the band indicating the presence of a Y allele.
  • the size of the band indicating the presence of the y allele will be larger or smaller in size. It is well within the skills of the person skilled in the art by using the phenotype of the Y locus and classical breeding methods to determine which band indicates the y allele.
  • a y allele can also be detected by PCR using primers annealing to the 5′ end and 3′ end of the capsanthin-capsorubin synthase (CSS) gene (GenBank accession number X77289). Plants comprising the y allele are identified by a different sized (compared to the amplification product of the Y allele) specific amplification product.
  • SCS capsanthin-capsorubin synthase
  • an inactivation or inhibition of the capsanthin-capsorubin synthase (CSS) gene and thus a plant comprising a y allele can also be achieved using modern biotechnological methods such as RNA silencing, knock-out, knock-in, anti-sense etc.
  • a parent plant comprising the cl allele can be identified by selection of plants of the genus Capsicum comprising intact chloroplasts or chromoplasts still comprising chlorophyl in the mature fruits.
  • the presence of chloroplast or chromoplasts comprising chlorophyl in mature fruits can be confirmed by using microscopy or staining techniques for chlorophyl or chlorophyl content analysis like for example HPLC analysis.
  • a plant with the genotype y/y, cl/cl can easily be obtained by using classical breeding techniques generally known to the person skilled in the art. For example, starting from parent 1 (genotype Y/Y, cl/cl; brown fruits) and parent 2 (genotype y/y, CL/CL; yellow fruits) the offspring (F 1 ) will be genotype Y/y, CL/cl. A plant with a genotype y/y, cl/cl can be obtained by a selfing of the F 1 . Genetics predicts that the F 2 will comprise 1 out of 16 plants of the y/y, cl/cl genotype.
  • Plants comprising the genotype y/y, cl/cl are green both in the non-mature and in the mature phase of the fruits. Since the green color of peppers is preferred, such plants also provide for commercial reasons an advantage.
  • the recessive Y locus is derived from a plant chosen from the group consisting of Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum chinense, and Capsicum chacoense, preferably Capsicum annuum. These species are the most commonly used breeds and in addition can easily be crossed amongst each other, thus facilitating obtaining a plant with the genotype y/y;cl/cl after selection of the appropriate parent plant(s).
  • the recessive CL locus (cl/cl) is derived from a plant chosen from the group consisting of Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum chinense, and Capsicum chacoense, preferably Capsicum annuum.
  • the plants according to the present invention are characterized by an enhanced sugar content in the fruits of the plant relative to the fruits of similar type plants of the genus Capsicum.
  • the higher sugar content in the fruits of plants comprising the y/y;cl/cl genotype, especially in the non-mature phase, provides that the “taste” of such fruits is sweeter as compared to the “taste” of similar type fruits comprising another genotype by increasing the sucrose content by at least a factor 1.5.
  • the plants according to the invention are characterized by a sucrose content of the fruits of more than 5, preferably 5.0, 5.3, 5.6, 5.9, 6.2, 6.3, 6.5, 6.9, 7.1, 14.9, 20.1, 23.4, 25, 30, 35, 40 thus 5 to 40, more preferably 5.4, 5.6, 5.9, 6.2, 6.3, 6.5, 6.6, 6.9, 7.1, 13.5, 14.4, 15.4, or 16.8 thus 5.4 to 16.8 grams per kilogram fresh weight.
  • the plants according to the invention comprising the y/y;cl/cl genotype are also characterized by an enhanced ascorbic acid content in the fruits of the plant relative to similar type fruits, of any color, of other plants of the genus Capsicum.
  • the higher ascorbic acid content of the fruits by at least a factor 1.3 is especially apparent in the matured fruits.
  • the plants according to the present invention are characterized by an ascorbic acid content of the fruits higher than 2.0, preferably 2.0, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 3.6, 4.8, 5.0, 6.5, or 7 thus 2.0 to 7, more preferably 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.85 thus 2.1 to 2.85 grams per kilogram fresh weight.
  • the plants are two commercially available breeds designated “Evergreen 7181”, “Evergreen 6203”.
  • the plants of the genus Capsicum with green fruits comprising the genotype y/y;cl/cl, provided by the method according to the present invention posses advantageous characteristics, like taste and nutritional value, compared to other peppers according to the prior art.
  • the present invention also relates to fruits of plants of the genus Capsicum obtainable with the above-described method. It is obvious to also seeds, seedlings and any plant parts comprising the genotype y/y;cl/cl are encompassed by the present invention.
  • the fruits according to the present invention can be used for a number of applications.
  • the fruits are particularly useful for the preparation of food products like salads, sauces and other processed foods.
  • green, non-mature paprika's are used for these applications and the use of the fruits according to the present invention will improve the taste and the nutritional value of these food products.
  • FIG. 1 Plot illustrating the increased sucrose content in plants comprising the genotype y/y;cl/cl as compared to other plants of a similar type.
  • FIG. 2 Plot illustrating the increased ascorbic acid content in plants comprising the genotype y/y; cl/cl as compared to other plants of a similar type.
  • the genotype of 5 different peppers was determined, designated “Special”, “Oblix”, “Evergreen 7181”, “Fiesta”, and “Evergreen 6203”.
  • the peppers comprised the following genotypes, Y/Y;CL/CL, Y/Y;CL/CL, y/y;cl/cl, y/y;CL/CL, and y/y;cl/cl respectively. Plants were grown and fruits were harvested. The sucrose content in the fruits was determined by the following method.
  • Plant material was grounded in liquid nitrogen into a fine powder. 0.25 gram of frozen material was weighed and mixed with 4 ml of ice-cold 5% meta-phosphoric acid containing 1 mM diethylenepenta-acetic acid. After sonication for 15 minutes and filtration over a 0.2 ⁇ m Teflon filter, 150 mg fresh weight of frozen powder was extracted with 1.5 ml of water at 85° C. for 30 min, centrifuged for 5 min at 20000 g, and supernatant was collected. The pellet was once re-extracted using the above-described conditions. Supernatants were pooled and stored frozen for further analysis.
  • peppers comprising the y/y, cl/cl genotype contain a higher sucrose content than peppers comprising another genotype.
  • the difference in sucrose content can be as high as more than 1.5 fold depending on the variety used, thus providing peppers with improved “taste”.
  • Plant material was grounded in liquid nitrogen into a fine powder. 0.25 g of frozen material was weighed and mixed with 4 ml of ice-cold 5% meta-phosphoric acid containing 1 mM diethylenepenta-acetic acid. After sonication for 15 minutes and filtration over a 0.2 ⁇ m Teflon filter, 10 ⁇ l was injected into a Waters Alliance HPLC system equipped with a photodiode array detector (Waters 996). Ascorbic acid was eluted with 50 mM potassium phosphate pH 4.4 at 0.5 ml/min using a YMC-Pro C18 150 ⁇ 3.9 mm column set at 30° C. A calibration curve was recorded using a standard curve of free ascorbic acid dissolved in the extraction solution.
  • peppers comprising the y/y, cl/cl genotype contain a higher ascorbic acid content than peppers comprising another genotype.
  • the difference in ascorbic acid content can be as high as more than 1.5 fold thus providing peppers with improved nutritional value.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
US10/552,969 2003-04-14 2003-04-14 Fruits of the genus capsium with improved taste and enhanced nutritional value Abandoned US20060195921A1 (en)

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US14/300,129 US9474220B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2014-06-09 Fruits of the genus Capsicum

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EP (1) EP1613145B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE451832T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2003224083A1 (de)
CA (1) CA2522188A1 (de)
CY (1) CY1109895T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60330602D1 (de)
DK (1) DK1613145T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2334904T3 (de)
IL (1) IL171350A (de)
NL (1) NL1025936A1 (de)
PT (1) PT1613145E (de)
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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090313713A1 (en) * 2008-06-16 2009-12-17 Wouter Lindeman Pepper Hybrid E420088
US8816170B2 (en) 2011-07-22 2014-08-26 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Pepper hybrid E 490264
US9089099B2 (en) 2013-02-13 2015-07-28 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20S10880’
US9192113B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2015-11-24 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20S4216’
US9301464B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-04-05 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20S12779’
US9320215B2 (en) 2005-09-22 2016-04-26 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Method for transferring one or more genetic traits from a plant of the purple-flowered Capsicum species to a plant of the white-flowered Capsicum species
US9474220B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2016-10-25 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Fruits of the genus Capsicum
US9572313B2 (en) 2014-03-18 2017-02-21 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20S1012777’
US9832946B2 (en) 2015-04-16 2017-12-05 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20B30106’
US10051829B2 (en) 2016-01-08 2018-08-21 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20S0153’
US10201148B2 (en) 2013-07-02 2019-02-12 Rijk Zwaan Zaadteelt En Zaadhandel B.V. Pepper with increased brix level
US10492394B2 (en) 2013-11-01 2019-12-03 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Red-yellow striped peppers
US10595496B2 (en) 2016-08-10 2020-03-24 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E2050158’
US10595497B2 (en) 2016-08-16 2020-03-24 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid peppers ‘E20B30160’, ‘E20B30161’, and ‘E20B30162’
US10757903B2 (en) 2017-12-04 2020-09-01 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20S0150’
US11185047B2 (en) 2019-06-06 2021-11-30 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20S0102’
US20220354079A1 (en) * 2019-06-21 2022-11-10 Vilmorin & Cie Improvement of quality and permanence of green color of peppers at maturity and over-maturity
US11564370B2 (en) 2020-03-11 2023-01-31 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20B30236’
US12089561B2 (en) 2021-05-27 2024-09-17 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20B30329’

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HU0600551D0 (en) * 2006-06-30 2006-09-28 Papp Gyoergy Beverages containing medicinal plant extract
MX367104B (es) 2013-06-21 2019-08-05 Seminis Vegetable Seeds Inc Selección de color de fruta madura en plantas de pimiento.
CN113981126B (zh) * 2021-11-10 2022-09-02 北京市农林科学院 与控制辣椒果实Vc含量基因连锁的SNP分子标记KQ8-4472及应用和专用引物

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US5523520A (en) * 1994-06-24 1996-06-04 Goldsmith Seeds Inc. Mutant dwarfism gene of petunia
US5959186A (en) * 1997-02-06 1999-09-28 Campbell Soup Company No-heat Jalapenos
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US7642423B2 (en) * 2003-08-15 2010-01-05 Syngenta Participations Ag Pepper plants
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JP5265366B2 (ja) 2005-09-22 2013-08-14 エンザ・ザーデン・ベヘール・ベスローテン・フェンノートシャップ １つまたは複数の遺伝形質を紫花のトウガラシ属種の植物から白花のトウガラシ属種の植物へ転移させるための方法
US8816170B2 (en) 2011-07-22 2014-08-26 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Pepper hybrid E 490264
US9089099B2 (en) 2013-02-13 2015-07-28 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20S10880’
US9192113B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2015-11-24 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20S4216’
US9301464B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-04-05 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20S12779’
US9572313B2 (en) 2014-03-18 2017-02-21 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20S1012777’

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5262316A (en) * 1991-11-22 1993-11-16 Dna Plant Technology Corporation Genetically transformed pepper plants and methods for their production
US5523520A (en) * 1994-06-24 1996-06-04 Goldsmith Seeds Inc. Mutant dwarfism gene of petunia
US6124528A (en) * 1995-01-15 2000-09-26 Calgene Llc Modification of soluble solids in fruit using sucrose phosphate synthase encoding sequence
US5959186A (en) * 1997-02-06 1999-09-28 Campbell Soup Company No-heat Jalapenos
US6498287B2 (en) * 2000-02-25 2002-12-24 Dna Plant Technology Corporation Pepper variety
US7642423B2 (en) * 2003-08-15 2010-01-05 Syngenta Participations Ag Pepper plants
US20060059585A1 (en) * 2004-09-14 2006-03-16 Boris Jankowski Modulating plant sugar levels
US8026424B2 (en) * 2007-07-11 2011-09-27 Enza Zaden Beheer, B.V. Pepper hybrid E 499531
US8044273B2 (en) * 2007-07-11 2011-10-25 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Pepper hybrid E 499526
US8067681B2 (en) * 2007-07-11 2011-11-29 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Pepper hybrid E 499524
US8536419B2 (en) * 2008-06-16 2013-09-17 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Pepper hybrid E420088
US8338672B2 (en) * 2010-02-11 2012-12-25 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Pepper hybrid E42.2346

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9474220B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2016-10-25 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Fruits of the genus Capsicum
US9320215B2 (en) 2005-09-22 2016-04-26 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Method for transferring one or more genetic traits from a plant of the purple-flowered Capsicum species to a plant of the white-flowered Capsicum species
US8536419B2 (en) * 2008-06-16 2013-09-17 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Pepper hybrid E420088
US20090313713A1 (en) * 2008-06-16 2009-12-17 Wouter Lindeman Pepper Hybrid E420088
US8816170B2 (en) 2011-07-22 2014-08-26 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Pepper hybrid E 490264
US9089099B2 (en) 2013-02-13 2015-07-28 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20S10880’
US9192113B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2015-11-24 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20S4216’
US9301464B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-04-05 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20S12779’
US10201148B2 (en) 2013-07-02 2019-02-12 Rijk Zwaan Zaadteelt En Zaadhandel B.V. Pepper with increased brix level
US11484001B2 (en) 2013-11-01 2022-11-01 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Red-yellow striped peppers
US10492394B2 (en) 2013-11-01 2019-12-03 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Red-yellow striped peppers
US9572313B2 (en) 2014-03-18 2017-02-21 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20S1012777’
US9832946B2 (en) 2015-04-16 2017-12-05 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20B30106’
US10051829B2 (en) 2016-01-08 2018-08-21 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20S0153’
US10595496B2 (en) 2016-08-10 2020-03-24 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E2050158’
US10595497B2 (en) 2016-08-16 2020-03-24 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid peppers ‘E20B30160’, ‘E20B30161’, and ‘E20B30162’
US10757903B2 (en) 2017-12-04 2020-09-01 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20S0150’
US11185047B2 (en) 2019-06-06 2021-11-30 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20S0102’
US20220354079A1 (en) * 2019-06-21 2022-11-10 Vilmorin & Cie Improvement of quality and permanence of green color of peppers at maturity and over-maturity
US12052969B2 (en) * 2019-06-21 2024-08-06 Vilmorin & Cie Quality and permanence of green color of peppers at maturity and over-maturity
US11564370B2 (en) 2020-03-11 2023-01-31 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20B30236’
US12089561B2 (en) 2021-05-27 2024-09-17 Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. Hybrid pepper ‘E20B30329’

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PT1613145E (pt) 2010-03-22
US20140289885A1 (en) 2014-09-25
ATE451832T1 (de) 2010-01-15
DE60330602D1 (de) 2010-01-28
CA2522188A1 (en) 2004-10-21
EP1613145B1 (de) 2009-12-16
WO2004089067A1 (en) 2004-10-21
NL1025936A1 (nl) 2004-10-18
AU2003224083A1 (en) 2004-11-01
EP1613145A1 (de) 2006-01-11
IL171350A (en) 2013-05-30
SI1613145T1 (sl) 2010-03-31
ES2334904T3 (es) 2010-03-17
US9474220B2 (en) 2016-10-25
CY1109895T1 (el) 2014-09-10

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