Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
  • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
  • A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
  • A61L15/24—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
  • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
  • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
  • A61L15/44—Medicaments
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L26/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form
  • A61L26/0009—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form containing macromolecular materials
  • A61L26/0014—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form containing macromolecular materials obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L26/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form
  • A61L26/0061—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
  • A61L26/008—Hydrogels or hydrocolloids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

• the present invention is related to gel preparations capable of absorbing as well as releasing liquid, and the use of such gel preparations in the treatment of wounds.
• body tissue can have a variety of causes. Wounds can be caused e.g. by (mechanical) contact of weapons, tools, vehicles or other objects with the human or animal body. Furthermore, serious damage of the skin can also be caused by exposure to heat, cold or radiation as well as by contact with aggressive chemicals. Body tissue can of course be damaged or even destroyed by infective diseases, caused e.g. by microorganisms or viruses.
• the body will generate new body tissue, as a main activity of the tissue repair process.
• the generation of new body tissue may sometimes have a negative effect, e.g. if the repaired or re-grown tissue does not provide the same performance characteristics than the original tissue.
• the negative effect can be solely cosmetic, in that the re-grown tissue or repaired tissue is functional, but perceived as disfiguring or unaesthetic. However, in more severe cases, the necessary functionality of the tissue may be impaired.
• tissue repair can result in scar formation, which may lead to cosmetic problems, but may also render the affected body tissue less functional, e.g. less elastic.
• This effect is not limited to the external skin of the human or animal body; scar tissue can also lead to reduced functionality of mucosa or other body tissue, including that of internal organs of the body.
• tissue repair effects include hyperkeratosis and unregulated proliferation of tissue.
• a moist wound healing environment has been shown to be often beneficial. It has been found that the survival of cells in a moist environment is improved, while a dry environment promotes the die back of cells.
• ichor is formed, which serves to establish a liquid milieu.
• the ichor contains components, like amino acids, electrolytes, etc., which support the cell metabolism and thus enhance wound healing.
• eschar is generally formed to “seal” the wound.
• a further benefit of a moist wound healing environment is that it also provides a better physiological basis for new cell growth.
• Cell growth which is required for wound healing, is activated and the formation of new tissue is favored in the moist wound healing environment.
• Some ichor formation is beneficial in this context.
• the moist wound healing environment required for wound healing is improved in particular when the liquid content within the wound is optimized by suitable substances or preparations.
• a typical known method to produce a moist wound healing environment is to use a topical gel, in particular a hydrogel, in a wound dressing.
• a topical gel in particular a hydrogel
• These gel wound dressings are especially useful as occlusive wound dressings.
• the term “gel” always includes a hydrogel.
• gels/hydrogels can be able to release liquid from the gel matrix, thus forming a suitable liquid reservoir for the wound environment.
• gels are in general also capable of absorbing liquid, e.g. ichor, from the wound, if their liquid content can be further increased and may also by this fact provide for an improved wound healing environment.
• Liquid generally means aqueous liquids, including liquids provided by the gel manufacturer or user (e.g. aqua dest., solutions of actives, suspensions and dispersions) and also including liquids produced by or in a wound (e.g. produced by the affected tissue). “Liquid” includes liquid released by the gel and liquid (which may be different from such released liquid) re-absorbed from the wound.
• hydrogels have an additional beneficial effect on the moist wound healing environment by “binding” certain compounds or contaminations into the gel, and thus improving the conditions for healing by removal of such materials from the wound.
• a gel layer may “seal” the wound (without drying it) and thus enables easier dressing changes. If e.g. the dressing sticks to the wound, the wound may be newly injured when the dressing is removed. If a suitable gel is covering the wound, it is possible to change the dressing without reopening the already recovered wound, or causing new injuries.
• gel-based wound healing preparations have been described.
• various different types of gel-forming polymers have been used. These gel-forming polymers include e.g. carboxymethylcelluloses, modified starch and alginate polymers.
• gels which are commercially available and can be applied in wound-healing include IntraSite® Gel (available from Smith & Nephew), Askina® Gel (available from Braun) and Varihesive® Gel (available from ConvaTec). These gels exhibit good liquid absorption capabilities. Their liquid release capabilities are, however, significantly lower than their liquid absorption capacities.
• the known gels can contain various additional ingredients to adapt them for their intended use.
• some of these gels comprise active agents to provide anti-inflammatory properties or the like.
• Liposomes are highly suitable carriers for antiseptic agents, especially povidone iodine and provide an extended topical activity by interaction with cell surfaces.
• Liposomes are well known drug or compound carriers and thus the application of medicaments in liposomal form has been the subject of investigation for quite some time.
• An overview concerning the administration of compounds in liposomal form to the skin is e.g. provided by the review “Targeted delivery to the pilosebaceous unit via liposomes”, Lauer et al. (1996), Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 18, 311-324. This review describes the physico-chemical characterization of liposomal preparations and their therapeutic application for the treatment of the pilosebaceous unit.
• Compounds that have been investigated for delivery by liposomes include e.g. anti-cancer agents, peptides, enzymes, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic compounds and also antibiotics.
• liposomal antiseptic preparations of povidone iodine can be used for the treatment of diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, as disclosed in WO 99/60998 and WO99/60999.
• Liposomal antiseptic preparations can be used for the treatment of herpes, acne and other specific diseases of the skin, as described in WO04/073720, WO04/073682 and WO04/073683.
• WO 00/72822 discloses the use of liposomal preparations comprising anti-infective and/or anti-inflammatory agents for functional and cosmetic tissue remodeling and repair treatments.
• the prior art still leaves a desire for optimization of the liquid content within the wound, in particular in balancing the liquid absorption and the liquid release properties of the gel-preparations.
• the preparations according to the invention exhibit a surprisingly high capability to maintain a moisture level within the wound, which seems to be suitable to enhance wound healing.
• the inventive preparations are able to release moisture or liquid from the gel to maintain a suitable moisture level within the wound, and in this capacity, the inventive preparations are superior to comparable known preparations.
• the preparation according to the invention reveals a liquid release capability which is greater than its liquid absorption capability.
• the liquid absorption capability of the inventive preparation is still suitable to absorb liquid from the wound, as necessary.
• gel preparations which can comprise active agents, in particular anti-inflammatory agents, particulate carriers, in particular liposomes, film-forming substances or combinations thereof.
• the present invention provides gel preparations which do not contain either active agents, particulate carriers, film-forming substances or combinations thereof.
• the preparations according to the invention comprise at least one gel-forming polymer.
• the gel-forming substance of the present invention can e.g. be selected from the group consisting of agar, alginates, alginic acids, Arabic gum, gelatine, starch, tragacanth gum, methylcelluloses, hydroxyethylcelluloses, carboxymethylcelluloses, polyacrylic acids and/or combinations thereof.
• acrylic acid polymers are applied.
• Polymers complying the USP Carbomer 940 monograph like Carbopol 908NF or Carbomer 940) are preferred from this group.
• the gel-forming substances comprise polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyacrylic acids, polymethacrylic acids, polyvinylalcohols and combinations thereof. Polyacrylic acids are particularly preferred.
• gel-forming substances are used in the form of hydrogels.
• a hydrogel as used in the present invention, is a gel on the basis of a hydrophilic composition or compound, which is capable of absorbing and/or releasing a certain amount of liquid, in particular water.
• the pH of the preparation according to the invention is preferably generally in the range from 3 to 7, more preferably from 4 to 6,5 and even more preferably in the range from 5 to 6.
• the gel-forming substance is present in the preparation according to the invention at between about 0.1% and about 10%, preferably between about 0.5% and about 5%, more preferably between about 1.0% and about 3.0%. All these percentages are wt.-%, based on total preparation weight.
• the preparation according to the invention further comprises liposomes. This often has a beneficial effect on wound-healing.
• liposome-forming systems comprising lecithin are preferred.
• Such systems can comprise hydrogenated soy bean lecithin, besides cholesterol and disodium succinate-hexahydrate or the like.
• the preparation according to the invention comprises a reactive agent, e.g. elemental iodine, higher contents of compounds with reactive groups such as double-bonds, for example high cholesterol contents, are usually avoided.
• a reactive agent e.g. elemental iodine
• higher contents of compounds with reactive groups such as double-bonds for example high cholesterol contents, are usually avoided.
• hydrogenated soy bean lecithin as the sole membrane-forming agent.
• Commercially available products such as Phospholipon® 90 H are preferred.
• phospholipid-based liposomes may also be generally used for production of liposomes that discharge a cargo of actives into the skin. According to this review, the use of non-ionic liposomes, which can be formed with phosphatidylcholin, is also an option.
• Other components that may be used for the formation of micelles are also known to the person skilled in the art and may be used for the production of preparations according to the invention.
• the known prior art methods for forming liposome structures can generally be used in the context of the invention. Broadly, these methods comprise mechanical agitation of a suitable mixture containing the membrane-forming substance and water or an aqueous solution. Filtration through suitable membranes is preferred in order to form a substantially uniform liposome size.
• the average size of the liposomes according to this invention can vary over a broad range, generally from about 1 ⁇ m to about 150 ⁇ m. Liposomes or particulate carriers having sizes in the range of about 1 ⁇ m and 70 ⁇ m are preferred. Generally the size of liposomes should be selected such that a good penetration into the skin is guaranteed. A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention therefore comprises liposomes having a size of between about 10-30 ⁇ m.
• these preparations preferably comprise liposomes of rather large size such as liposomes having a size of between about 1 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m, preferably between about 10 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m, more preferably between 20 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m and most preferably at around 25 ⁇ m.
• the formulation as a hydrogel is preferred.
• liposomes having a rather small average size are better suited for production of solutions, dispersions and suspensions. Such rather small sizes typically comprise sizes of around 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, or even smaller in the case of solutions.
• gel or ointment formulations may comprise liposome of a size of up to 50 ⁇ m.
• liposomes in the inventive preparation, it is assumed that further particulate carrier materials known to a person skilled in the art can similarly be used. These alternative materials may be e.g. microspheres, nanoparticles, or large porous particles.
• the preparation of the invention further comprises at least one film-forming substance.
• the addition of the film-forming substance may cause some loss of liquid release capability which may then outweigh the benefits provided by the gel in terms of increased moisture content. It is therefore preferred in some embodiments to provide inventive preparations without the addition of a film-forming substance.
• the film forming substance of the present invention is a hyetellose, hypromellose, hyaluronate, polyvinylalcohol or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
• a particular preferred film-forming substance is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
• the film forming substance can be incorporated into the liposome or the liposome structure as well as be present at or near the surface of the liposomes.
• the film forming substance applied in the present invention is present in the range between 0.1% to 10%, preferably between 0.5% and 7%, more preferably between 1% and 5%, most preferably between 2% and 4%, based on the total weight of the preparation.
• the preparation further comprises an active agent, in particular an anti-inflammatory agent.
• Anti-inflammatory agents in accordance with the present invention broadly include antibiotic and antiviral preparations, and more specifically comprise antiseptic agents, antibiotic agents, corticosteroids and the like. Antiseptic agents are preferred.
• antiseptic agents are understood to include those disinfecting agents which are pharmaceutically acceptable and suitable for the intended treatment.
• Preferred antiseptic agents comprise oxygen- and halogen-releasing compounds, preferably iodine and iodine complexes, and/or metal compounds, preferably silver- and mercury-compounds.
• Further antiseptic compounds comprise organic disinfectants, including formaldehyde-releasing compounds, phenolic compounds including alkyl- and aryl-phenolic compounds, chinolines and acridines, hexahydropyrimidines, quartenary ammonia compounds, imines and salts thereof and guanidines.
• organic disinfectants including formaldehyde-releasing compounds, phenolic compounds including alkyl- and aryl-phenolic compounds, chinolines and acridines, hexahydropyrimidines, quartenary ammonia compounds, imines and salts thereof and guanidines.
• the actives may advantageously be provided at concentrations only up to 90%, only up to 75%, sometimes only up to 50% and in some preferred embodiments only up to 25% of the concentrations known e.g. from comparable preparations in EP 0 639 373 (while in all these cases the concentration is non-zero and preferably at least 5%, more often at least 10% of those known from EP 0 639 373).
• inventive preparations containing liposomes but also for such that do not contain liposomes (or other particulate carrier materials).
• EP 0 639 373 uses PVP-iodine as a preferred active agent
• other active agents other than PVP-iodine are used in specific preferred embodiments of the present invention.
• the active agent preferably antiseptic agent, is often associated with the liposomes.
• particulate carriers, film-forming substances, active agents or combinations thereof may cause some loss of liquid release capability, it is specifically preferred in other embodiments, to omit either one of these ingredients particulate carriers, film-forming substances, active agents or combinations thereof.
• a specifically preferred embodiment provides a preparations according to the invention which do not contain liposomes.
• the inventive preparation is free of particulate carriers.
• the preparation does not contain iodine as active agent.
• the preparation is free of antiseptic agents.
• the preparation according to the invention is free of anti-inflammatory agents.
• the inventive preparations are free of active agents.
• the preparation according to the invention is free of film-forming substances.
• Free of antiseptic agent in the context of the present invention, means that the preparation does not comprise oxygen- and halogen-releasing compounds, preferably iodine and iodine complexes, and/or metal compounds, preferably silver- and mercury-compounds, organic disinfectants, including formaldehyde-releasing compounds, phenolic compounds including alkyl- and aryl-phenolic compounds, chinolines and acridines, hexahydropyrimidines, quartenary ammonia compounds, imines and salts thereof and guanidines.
• oxygen- and halogen-releasing compounds preferably iodine and iodine complexes, and/or metal compounds, preferably silver- and mercury-compounds
• organic disinfectants including formaldehyde-releasing compounds, phenolic compounds including alkyl- and aryl-phenolic compounds, chinolines and acridines, hexahydropyrimidines, quartenary ammonia compounds, imines and salts
• inventive preparation does not contain antibiotic and antiviral preparations, antibiotic agents or corticosteroids.
• Free of active pharmaceutically agents in the context of this invention means that the inventive preparation does not contain any pharmaceutically active agents.
• the hydrogel itself is not covered by the term pharmaceutically active agent.
• Free of particulate carrier means that the inventive preparation does not contain particulate carriers, especially not liposomes, microspheres, nanoparticles, or large porous particles
• Free of film-forming substances means that the inventive preparation does not contain film-forming substances, especially not hyetellose, hypromellose, hyaluronate, polyvinylalcohol or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
• the preparation according to the invention may comprise further additives and adjuvants such as conserving agents, antioxidants, consistency forming additives or pH-adjusting agents.
• the preparations according to the invention can optionally comprise wound healing agents.
• Suitable wound healing agents comprise e.g. dexpanthenol, allantoines, azulenes, tannins, vitamins (preferably vitamin B), and derivatives thereof.
• the preparations according to the invention are capable of maintaining a level of moisture/liquid within the wound to an extent that wound healing is enhanced.
• the level of moisture which an inventive preparation is capable to maintain in a wound can generally be measured by the capability to absorb a certain amount of liquid or to the ability to release liquid to a substrate and/or wound.
• the liquid release properties of the preparations according to the invention are of particular interest in the context of the present invention.
• hydrogels To determine the so-called “liquid affinity” of hydrogels, standard procedures are known to a person skilled in the art. A preferred test follows European norm EN 13726-1:2002. By this, the capability of hydrogels, in particular amorphous hydrogels, to release a liquid to gelatine or to absorb liquid from agar are measured. If necessary, the conditions of the test are adapted for the intended use.
• the liquid affinity of hydrogel dressings is specified as the percentage of the capability to absorb or release liquids determined by the increase or decrease, respectively in gel weight.
• the preparations according to the invention have been proven to be particularly suitable to release liquid or moisture, to wounds as well as test substrates.
• the preparation releases at least 8%, preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 12%, at least 14%, at least 16%, at least 18%, at least 20% or most preferably at least 25% of the liquid from the test substrate under the test conditions of EN 13726-1:2002.
• the liquid absorption, measured in gain of gel weight is less than 15%, preferably less than 12%, more preferably less than 10%, less than 8%, less than 6%, less than 5% and most preferably less than 4%.
• preparations according to the invention may be designed to provide varying liquid absorption and release properties, and that for this purpose, all combinations of values given in above ranges may be selected.
• the liquid affinity of hydrogel dressings can be classified according to the percentage of the absorption or release of liquid.
• a wound dressing which absorbs 0 to 10% of its weight from Agar is classified as “type 1”, greater than 10 to 20% as “type 2”, greater than 20 to 30% as “type 3”, greater than 30 to 40% as “type 4” and greater than 40 to 50% as “type 5”, respectively.
• the liquid affinity with respect to the liquid release to gelatine which is measured by the decrease of the gel weight, is classified as follows: a liquid release in the range of 0 to 5% as “type a”, greater than 5% to 10% as “type b”, greater than 10% to 15% as “type c”, greater than 15% to 20% as “type d”, greater than 20% to 25% as “type e”.
• a wound dressing that absorbs about 25% liquid, based on the original weight of the gel, from agar and hardly releases any liquid (less than 5%) to gelatine is classified as a “3a type” wound dressing.
• the preparation is classified as “type 1c”, “type 1d”, “type 1e” or “type 2e”.
• the preparation according to the invention can applied in pre-gel form at the desired locus, e.g. as a liquid.
• the liquid preparation can easily be applied e.g. in form of a spray.
• Such a liquid preparation can comprise water and/or any pharmaceutically acceptable solvent or any mixture of pharmaceutically acceptable solvents and water (water, as used anywhere in this specification includes all kinds of aqueous systems, like buffer solutions and the like).
• the pharmaceutically acceptable solvent(s) comprises one or more organic solvent(s).
• Volatile alcohol(s) are particularly preferred. Such alcohols are e.g. ethanol, n-propanol, i-proponal, and/or butanols and combinations of the afore-mentioned.
• the pre-gel forming preparation Upon application of the pre-gel forming preparation at least one of the volatile components evaporates or is absorbed and forms gel preparations according to the invention.
• Suitable pre-gels are e.g. disclosed in EP 0 704 206 which is herein incorporated by reference.
• the inventive preparations can be prepared by dispersing the gel-forming polymer in an amount of a suitable liquid or solvent, preferably water.
• the preparations according to the invention comprise between about 0.1 g and about 10 g, preferably between about 0.5 g and about 5 g, more preferably between about 1.0 g and about 3.0 g gel-forming polymer per 100 g preparation.
• the pH of the mixture can be adjusted by addition of a suitable acid or base, which are preferably added in solution, if necessary.
• the pH of the final preparation is between about 3 and about 7, preferably between about 4 and about 6.5, more preferably between about 5 and about 6. If the desired conditions (pH-value, etc.) are met, the gel is allowed to swell for an appropriate period of time.
• the inventive preparations can be prepared by combining a suitable gel with liposomes or a liposomal preparation.
• the liposomal preparation can be prepared by any method known to a person skilled in the art. Suitable methods are e.g. disclosed in EP 0 639 373. If desired, elevated temperatures can be applied to facilitate the formation of the liposomal preparation.
• the liposomal preparation is in the range of 0.1% to 30%, preferably in the range of 1% to 20%, even more preferably between 2% and 20%, based on the total weight of the preparation.
• the liposomal preparation and the gel can be combined and homogenized, if necessary, to form a preparation according to the invention.
• the film-forming substance can be present in the range between 0.1 g to 10 g, preferably between 0.5 g and 7 g, more preferably between 1 g and 5 g, most preferably between 2 g and 4 g, based on 100 g of the preparation.
• the film-forming substance is generally provided in solution, but can also be provided in any other suitable form known to the person skilled in the art.
• the film-forming substance is at first combined with the liposomal preparation and subsequently added to the formed gel. The resulting mixture can then be further processed, as necessary.
• an active agent in particular an anti-inflammatory agent is comprised by the inventive preparation.
• Some specifically preferred embodiments of the present invention comprise other active agents than PVP-iodine.
• the active agent may be in a suitable form for combination with the liposomal preparation.
• the combined mixture is subsequently added to the formed gel and can further be processed to form a preparation according to the invention.
• inventive preparation comprises further ingredients or adjuvants like conservatives, buffer solutions, etc.
• skilled person is able to select and incorporate these substances into the preparations according to the invention for the intended use.
• povidone iodine is exemplified and liposomes are chosen as the carrier.
• the povidone iodine can be omitted to provide embodiments of the present invention which do not comprise an active agent, in particular any antiseptic agent.
• PVP-iodine can be substituted by another active agent, suitable for the intended use.
• the exemplified embodiments serve to illustrate mutatis mutandis, the characteristics of inventive preparations which comprise neither actives nor particulate carrier materials.
• particulate carriers such as “large porous particles” or other micelles, nanoparticles, etc. instead of the exemplified liposomes, can be formulated with active agents like PVP-iodine.
• a Carbopol 980 NF composition was prepared.
• the amounts shown in Table I were used either for analytical or scale up compositions.
• Pos. stands for Position (see also below Table II).
• Carbopol 980 NF was purchased from BF Goodrich or Noveon.
• a Carbopol 980NF composition was prepared. The amounts shown in Table III were used either for analytical or scale up compositions.
• Pos. stands for Position (see also below Table IV).
• Carbopol 980NF was purchased from BF Goodrich.
• a liposomal Carbopol 980NF composition was prepared. The amounts shown in Table V were used either for analytical or scale up compositions.
• Pos. stands for Position (see also below Table V).
• Carbopol 980NF was purchased from BF Goodrich.
• Phospholipon 90 H was purchased from Rhone Poulene.
• Germall II of Pos. A is carefully added to water of Pos. A into an Unimax LM 5 Dissolve Germall II by stirring at 100 upm (units per minute) 2 Carefully add Carbopol 980NF of Pos. B Disperse by stirring (approx. 100 upm) for about 30 min Break up agglomerates, if necessary Subsequent homogenization is performed until no inhomogeneities are visible Let gel swell for at least 16 hours 3 Provide water of Pos. C in a beaker and dissolve solid NaOH of Pos. C by stirring while heating to 65° C. Add Phospholipon of Pos. D carefully and stir for 60 min (450 upm) at 65° C.
• step 4 Cool dispersion of step 3 while stirring (100 upm) to 30° C. (water bath) and compensate water loss, if necessary 5
• Addition can be performed into an open Unimix LM 5
• Stir for 10 min after each addition
• Liposomal dispersion is pumped via cap valve into Unimix LM5 and stirred for 10 min at 100 upm Rinse beaker with water of Pos.
• a liposomal Carbopol 980NF composition was prepared. The amounts shown in Table VII were used either for analytical or scale up compositions.
• Pos. stands for Position (see also below Table VIII).
• Carbopol 980NF was purchased from BF Goodrich
• Phospholipon 90 H was purchased from Rhone Poulene
• PVP Kerdon 30
• Liposomal dispersion is pumped via cap valve into Unimix LM5 and stirred for 10 min at 100 upm Rinse beaker with water of Pos. G and add to preparation Subsequent homogenization is performed for 2 min at 8500 upm 10 Adjust pH of gel by addition of NaOH solution to 5.5 (+/ ⁇ 0.2) Addition can be performed into an open Unimix LM5 Stir for 10 min after each addition Rinse circulation pump lines by homogenization and stir for at least 10 min Adjust pH, if necessary 11 Warm water of Pos. H to 40° C. and dissolve salts of Pos. H (Na 2 (HPO 4 ) and citric acid) by stirring Let cool to ⁇ 30° C. while stirring 12 Add buffer solution to gel and stir for 10 min 13 Determine and add residual amount (calculate 5000 sum of all ingredients), stir for at least 10 min,
• a liposomal composition containing PVP-iodine as an active agent was prepared.
• the amounts shown in Table IX were used either for analytical or scale up compositions.
• Pos. stands for Position (see also below Table X).
• Phospholipon® 90 H was purchased from Aventis (Germany).
• Carbopol® 980 NF was purchased from Noveon Inc. (USA) or Gattefossé (Germany) and PVP Iodine 30/06 was purchased from BASF (Germany).
• Swelling time may be altered from 15 min Eventually control again for to 5 days.
• the gel has Polayacrylicacid-agglomerates. formed before other substances are If present, remove them and stir again added. for 15 min at 30 upm.
• Adjustment of pH to 2-8 may be homogenize again. performed at this stage. Adjustment to Let gel swell for at least 14 h. pH 3-6 is preferred.
• 2 Dissolve H 2 O and KIO 3 completely in H 2 O-temperature may be adjusted to a suitable vessel (Pos. C). anywhere between ambient temperature Alternatively a 30-40% KIO 3 solution and 100° C. may be used. KIO 3 is not obligatory.
• 3 Dissolve NaOH completely in H 2 O NaOH is used in concentrations (Pos.
• stirring time may be between 10 min and 2 h 8
• the PVP-iodine-KIO 3 -solution is Stirring time is variable depending on pumped into the liposomal dispersion until when an homogeneous mixture (No. 5). has formed. Subsequently it is stirred for 30 min at 1000 upm. 9
• the PVP-iodine-KIO 3 -liposomes- Stirring time is variable depending on dispesion is added to the gel (No. 6). until when an homogeneous mixture It is stirred for 30 min at 30 upm. has formed. Subsequently homogenization is Stirring time should be as short as performed by forced circulation possible so that gel structure gets not pumping for 2 min at 2800 upm. disrupted.
• Positions E and F of Table IX are used for washing the KIO 3 - and the PVP-iodine vessels (points 2 and 4 of Table X).
• Agar and gelatine which are used as test substrates were purchased from Merck.
• the tests were performed according to test procedures for primary wound dressings.
• the inventive Carbopol® 980 NF gel (a) releases liquid very well, which is demonstrated by 18% loss of gel weight.
• the inventive gel exhibits a liquid absorption of 4%.
• the Carbopol® 980 NF gel a) is a “type 1d” gel by the standards of EN13726-1:2002.
• the liposomal Carbopol® NF980 gel (b) reveals good liquid release properties, which are at 17% weight loss, only slightly lower than those of Carbopol® 980 NF preparation a).
• the liquid absorption capacity is slightly increased in comparison to a) (see Table XI) and revealed 5% liquid absorption.
• the liposomal gel preparation b) can be classified as a “type 1d” by the standards of EN13726-1:2002.
• the liquid release properties of the inventive liposomal gel (c) including PVP as a film-forming substance reveals a liquid release value of 14% and an absorption capacity of 9%.
• the liposomal Carbopol® 980 NF Gel including PVP is a “type 1c” by the standards of EN 13726-1:2002.
• the Askina® Gel exhibits an liquid release of 3%, which is significantly lower than in the examples a) to c) (see Tables XI to XIII). The liquid absorption is with 28% higher than in the examples a) to c). Askina® Gel is classified as a “type 3a” by the standards of EN13726-1:2002.
• IntraSite® Gel releases 7% of the liquid to the test substrate and showed a liquid absorption of 16%.
• the IntraSite® Gel has a lower liquid release capacity than the preparation according to the invention.
• IntraSite® Gel is classified as a “type 2b” by the standards of EN13726-1:2002.
• the NU Gel exhibits only a very low liquid release of 2%, while its liquid absorption is determined to be 29%. NU Gel is classified as a “type 3a” by the standards of EN13726-1:2002.
• Varihesive® Hydrogel revealed a liquid release value of 6%, which is significantly lower than the release capacity of the inventive preparations. The liquid absorption is 32%. Varihesive® Hydrogel is classified as a “4b type” by the standards of EN13726-1:2002.
• liquid affinity tests clearly demonstrates that the liquid release properties of the preparations according to the invention are significantly higher than the release characteristics of the known gels of the prior art.

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