US20090157176A1 - Annuloplasty rings for correcting degenerative valvular diseases - Google Patents
Annuloplasty rings for correcting degenerative valvular diseases Download PDFInfo
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- US20090157176A1 US20090157176A1 US12/028,714 US2871408A US2009157176A1 US 20090157176 A1 US20090157176 A1 US 20090157176A1 US 2871408 A US2871408 A US 2871408A US 2009157176 A1 US2009157176 A1 US 2009157176A1
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- ring
- mitral
- valve
- rings
- annuloplasty
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
- A61F2/2442—Annuloplasty rings or inserts for correcting the valve shape; Implants for improving the function of a native heart valve
- A61F2/2445—Annuloplasty rings in direct contact with the valve annulus
- A61F2/2448—D-shaped rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
- A61F2/2409—Support rings therefor, e.g. for connecting valves to tissue
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
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- A61F2/2445—Annuloplasty rings in direct contact with the valve annulus
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- A61F2250/0018—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in elasticity, stiffness or compressibility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2250/0037—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in height or in length
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
Definitions
- the present invention refers to a prosthetic annuloplasty ring or set of rings, in particular for the mitral annulus, that are progressively proportioned at different orifice sizes.
- the human heart has four valves; the aortic valve, the mitral valve, the pulmonary valve and the tricuspid valve.
- Various diseases and certain genetic defects of the heart valves can impair the proper functioning of the valves. Improper functioning of a valve can be severely debilitating and even fatal if left untreated, particularly if the diseased valve is the aortic valve (between the left ventricle and the aorta) or the mitral valve (between the left atrium and left ventricle).
- the common defects and diseases affecting each of these valves, and the treatments thereof, are typically different.
- the mitral valve and, less frequently, the tricuspid valve are prone to deformation, such as dilation of the valve annulus, tearing of the chordae tendineae and leaflet prolapse, which results in valvular insufficiency wherein the valve does not close properly and allows for regurgitation or back flow from the left ventricle into the left atrium.
- Deformations in the structure or shape of the mitral or tricuspid valve are repairable.
- prosthetic valves have certain disadvantages that can have serious effects (e.g., mechanical valves carry the risk of thromboembolism and require anticoagulation treatment, and biological valves have limited durability), an improper functioning mitral or tricuspid valve is ideally repaired rather than replaced.
- the mitral annulus is a pliable junctional zone of fibrous and muscular tissue joining the left atrium and left ventricle that anchors the peripheral hinge portion of the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets.
- the annulus has two major collagenous structures: (1) the right fibrous trigone, which is part of the central fibrous body and is located at the intersection of the atrioventricular membranous septum, the mitral and tricuspid valves, and the aortic root; and (2) the left fibrous trigone at the junction of the mitral valve and left coronary cusp of the aortic valve.
- the mitral valve has two major leaflets, the much larger anterior (or aortic) leaflet and the smaller posterior (or mural) leaflet.
- the anterior mitral leaflet spans the distance between the commissures (including the trigones) and is in direct fibrous continuity with most of the left and noncoronary aortic valve cusps.
- the posterior one-half to two-thirds of the annulus, which subtends the posterior leaflet, is primarily muscular with little or no fibrous tissue, and usually contains three (or sometimes more) scallops separated by fetal clefts or “subcommissures.”
- the free margins of the mitral leaflets appose each other and close the respective atrial-ventricular passage.
- the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles hold the leaflets in this position throughout the systole cycle to prevent the leaflets from bulging into and opening within the left atrium.
- the functional competence of the mitral valve relies on proper, coordinated interaction of the mitral annulus and leaflets, chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, left atrium, and left ventricle.
- the valve or its leaflets are misshapen or enlarged, for example, when the annulus is dilated, the edges of the leaflets fail to meet each other, leaving an opening therebetween.
- This opening may involve lateral separation of the valve leaflets and/or elevation of one valve leaflet with respect to the other.
- the ineffective closure of the valve during ventricular contraction results in regurgitation or leakage of blood back into the atrium, and ultimately in reduced pumping efficiency.
- the left ventricle must work harder to maintain the requisite cardiac output. Over time, this compensatory mechanism typically results in hypertrophy of the heart followed by dilation, i.e., an enlarged heart, which can lead to congestive heart failure.
- Mitral regurgitation is one of the most common valvular malfunctions in the adult population, and typically involves the elongation or dilation of the posterior two-thirds of the mitral valve annulus, the section corresponding to the posterior leaflet.
- the most common etiology of systolic mitral regurgitation in patients undergoing surgical evaluation is myxomatous degeneration, also termed mitral valve prolapse (29% to 70% of cases), or in gross terms, at least 5 to 10 percent of the population in the U.S. Women are affected about twice as often as men.
- Mitral valve prolapse has been diagnosed as Barlow's syndrome, billowing or balloon mitral valve, floppy mitral valve, floppy-valve syndrome, myxomatous mitral valve, prolapsing mitral leaflet syndrome, or systolic click-murmur syndrome.
- the syndrome of mitral valve prolapse includes palpitations, chest pain, syncope or dyspnea, and a mid-systolic click (with or without a late systolic murmur of mitral regurgitation).
- Myxomatous degeneration involves weakness in the leaflet structure, leading to thinning of the tissue and loss of coaptation.
- Barlow's disease is characterized by myxoid degeneration and appears early in life, often before the age of fifty.
- one or both leaflets of the mitral valve protrude into the left atrium during the systolic phase of ventricular contraction.
- the valve leaflets are thick with considerable excess tissue, producing an undulating pattern at the free edges of the leaflets.
- the chordae are thickened, elongated and may be ruptured.
- Papillary muscles are also occasionally elongated.
- the annulus is dilated and sometimes calcified.
- mitral valve prolapse as a catch-all for the various diagnoses, including Barlow's syndrome.
- IMR ischemic mitral regurgitation
- FMR functional mitral regurgitation
- rheumatic valve disease mitral annular calcification
- infective endocarditis idiopathic chordal rupture (usually associated with fibroelastic deficiency [FED])
- congenital anomalies endocardial fibrosis
- collagen-vascular disorders IMR is a specific subset of FMR, but both are usually associated with morphologically normal mitral leaflets.
- FIGS. 1-8 show first a normal mitral valve anatomy and then the causes of pure mitral regurgitation from a number of pathologies.
- FIGS. 1A-1B show a normal mitral anatomy with the mitral leaflet 20 spread out plat in FIG. 1A , and FIG. 1B shown as a section through one papillary muscle 22 .
- the chordae 24 connect the lower edges of the leaflet 20 to the papillary muscles 22 within the left ventricle.
- FIGS. 2A-2B illustrate a condition diagnosed as infective endocarditis, either active or healed. Vegetation or growths 30 may occur on the leaflet 20 , and sometimes a perforation 32 . Often the chordae 24 rupture, such as at 34 .
- FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate floppy mitral valve which causes prolapse.
- the leaflets 20 is distended, increasing the annulus area, leaflet area, and causing buckling.
- FIGS. 4A-4B show advanced floppy mitral valve which causes the chordae to rupture, such as seen at 40 .
- FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate rheumatic heart disease. Diffuse fibrous thickening forms at the lower edge of the mitral leaflet 20 and the chordae 24 exhibit focal thickening.
- FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate papillary muscle dysfunction (coronary), in which one or more of the muscles is scarred and atrophied, such as at 50 .
- Possible effects may be severe coronary artery narrowing and acute or healed infarct.
- FIGS. 7A-7B illustrate papillary muscle dysfunction (infiltrative), in which typically both muscles are infiltrated with foreign bodies, possibly amyloid, sarcoid, infection or neoplasm.
- FIGS. 8A-8B annular calcification. Calcific deposits 60 produce leaflet protrusion toward the atrium.
- Type II the leaflet motion is normal.
- Type II mitral regurgitation is due to leaflet prolapse or excessive motion.
- Type III restricted leaflet motion
- Type IIIa FIG. 9C
- systole Type IIIb FIG. 9D
- Type IIIb FIG. 9C
- the course of the leaflets during the cardiac cycle is represented by the dotted lines.
- Various surgical techniques may be used to repair diseased or damaged mitral and tricuspid valves. These include but are not limited to annuloplasty (i.e., contracting the valve annulus to restore the proper size and shape of the valve), quadrangular resection of the leaflets (i.e., removing tissue from enlarged or misshapen leaflets), commissurotomy (i.e., cutting the valve commissures to separate the valve leaflets), shortening and transposition of the chordae tendoneae, reattachment of severed chordae tendoneae or papillary muscle tissue, and decalcification of valve and annulus tissue.
- annuloplasty i.e., contracting the valve annulus to restore the proper size and shape of the valve
- quadrangular resection of the leaflets i.e., removing tissue from enlarged or misshapen leaflets
- commissurotomy i.e., cutting the valve commissures to separate the valve leaflets
- shortening and transposition of the chordae tendoneae
- a rigid support ring e.g., Carpentier-Edwards Classic®
- a semi-flexible ring e.g., Carpentier-Edwards Physio®
- a flexible ring e.g., Cosgrove-Edwards®
- These rings are typically D-shaped with a minor/major axis ratio of about 3:4.
- Some rings are flat or planar, while others exhibit three-dimensional bows, typically along the anterior segment. Not all physicians agree which ring is appropriate for any one condition.
- the present invention provides, in one aspect, a set of mitral annuloplasty rings each comprising a ring body arranged around a flow axis having an upward direction and a downward direction.
- the downward direction corresponds to the direction of blood flow through the mitral valve annulus when the annuloplasty ring is implanted.
- the ring body defines a minor axis extending between and bisecting the anterior segment and posterior portion and a major axis extending perpendicularly thereto, the major and minor axes being generally perpendicular to the flow axis and each having dimensions across the ring body.
- the set of rings is progressively sized to take into account more of the common pathologies. More specifically, the proportional shapes of each ring as the orifice size changes are not the same. In a preferred embodiment, the larger rings have larger minor axis dimensions relative to their major axes.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram of a normal mitral annulus, leaflets, and connected chordae and papillary muscles shown laid flat or unrolled;
- FIG. 1B is a “radial” sectional view through one of the papillary muscles of FIG. 1A
- FIGS. 2-8 are diagrams from the same viewpoints as FIGS. 1A and 1B demonstrating various causes of pure mitral regurgitation as follows:
- FIGS. 2A-2B illustrate infective endocarditis
- FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate floppy mitral valve
- FIGS. 4A-4B illustrate floppy mitral valve with ruptured chordae
- FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate rheumatic heart disease
- FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate papillary muscle dysfunction (coronary);
- FIGS. 7A-7B illustrate papillary muscle dysfunction (infiltrative).
- FIGS. 8A-8B illustrate annular calcification
- FIGS. 9A-9D illustrate Carpentier's functional classification of mitral regurgitation, namely: Type I: normal leaflet motion. Type II: increased leaflet motion (leaflet prolapse). Type III: restricted leaflet motion; IIIa, restriction in diastole and systole; IIIb, restriction in systole;
- FIGS. 10 and 11 are plan and section views of an exemplary annuloplasty ring of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the changing minor/major axis proportion of the exemplary ring.
- FIGS. 13-18 show plan and side views of several different sized rings of the present invention.
- the present invention provides a novel set of annuloplasty rings for correcting pathologies resulting in mitral regurgitation.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 are plan and section views of an exemplary annuloplasty ring 70 of the present invention.
- the ring 70 is shown with a fabric covering 72 over a structural interior support or body 74 .
- a suture-permeable interface 76 fills the space between the covering 72 and interior body 74 .
- the ring 70 in the plan view of FIG. 10 has a minor axis dimension B and a major axis dimension A.
- FIG. 11 shows preferred heights above a datum plane, with the center of the anterior segment rising to height C and the center of the posterior segment rising to height D.
- the preferred ratio of C/D is about 3:1, with the smallest rings rising to 3 mm on the anterior side and the largest to about 6 mm.
- the interior body 74 of the present invention in one embodiments is desirably made of material(s) that are “generally rigid” and will initially resist distortion when subjected to the stress imparted thereon by the mitral valve annulus of an operating human heart.
- “distortion” means substantial permanent deformation from a predetermined or manufactured shape; the opposite concept of which is “elastic” meaning the ability to recover the ring shape in the absence of an external force.
- a number of “generally rigid” materials can be utilized that will perform this function, including various bio-compatible polymers and metals and/or alloys. Certain polyesters that resist distortion and also rapid degradation within the body may be used (a material that degrades slowly may provide the required initial support).
- At least an inner core or body of the annuloplasty ring of the present invention is made of a suitable metal, such as titanium or its alloys, or ELGILOY made by Elgiloy, L. P. of Elgin, Ill., U.S.A.
- the core or ring body may be one piece, or may include a plurality of concentric or otherwise cooperating elements.
- the interface 76 is a molded silicone tube or band around the ring body 74 and the fabric covering on the exterior of the ring is desirably Dacron (polyethylene terephthalate).
- the tubular fabric covering around the silicone sleeve provide an interface for securing the annuloplasty ring to the mitral annulus, although other interfaces are contemplated. For example, rings having outward hooks or barbs are known in the art.
- Typical annuloplasty support rings have a long or major dimension and a short or minor dimension, with the conventional ratio of the minor to major dimension being at most 3:4 (75%), and typically less.
- the present invention provides an annuloplasty ring that has a gradually increasing minor axis dimension B to major axis dimension A ratio. The dimensions A and B are measured to the inner edge of the body 74 .
- This increasing dimensional ratio provides rings in the larger sizes that are more suited to correcting conditions where the mitral leaflet is floppy, such as the conditions shown in FIGS. 2-4 , and in general for Type II pathologies seen in FIG. 9B .
- larger patients exhibit this general condition leading to regurgitation as opposed to smaller patients, for which rings having more conventional B/A ratios are more appropriate.
- the following table indicates the actual values of the major and minor axes as measured across the interior of the ring body 74 (dimensions A and B, respectively, in FIG. 10 ) for nine different exemplary rings, and also gives the ratios of the minor axis to the major axis.
- the ring sizes are given in even 2 mm increments as measured across the major axis. Such rings will have distinct packaging so as to be labeled with the particular size.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the changing minor/major axis proportion of the exemplary ring along line 80 as compared with a line 82 for a prior art ring, the Carpentier-Edwards Physio® ring. This shows the divergence of the ring proportions starting at around the 32 mm ring.
- FIGS. 13-18 show plan and side views of several different sized rings of the present invention for comparison.
- FIGS. 13-14 show a 24 mm ring
- FIGS. 15-16 show a 32 mm ring
- FIGS. 17-18 show a 40 mm ring.
- the overall “look” of the rings are the same though the B/A ration increases in the larger rings.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/028,714 US20090157176A1 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2008-02-08 | Annuloplasty rings for correcting degenerative valvular diseases |
| US12/209,148 US7959673B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2008-09-11 | Degenerative valvular disease specific annuloplasty rings |
| US12/857,113 US20110034999A1 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2010-08-16 | Degenerative valvular disease specific annuloplasty rings |
| US13/095,039 US9011529B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2011-04-27 | Mitral annuloplasty rings with sewing cuff |
| US13/111,820 US20110224786A1 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2011-05-19 | Degenerative Valvular Disease Specific Annuloplasty Rings |
| US13/422,706 US8764821B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2012-03-16 | Degenerative vavlular disease specific annuloplasty ring sets |
| US14/691,426 US9526615B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2015-04-20 | Mitral annuloplasty ring with suture line |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US88917807P | 2007-02-09 | 2007-02-09 | |
| US12/028,714 US20090157176A1 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2008-02-08 | Annuloplasty rings for correcting degenerative valvular diseases |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/209,148 Continuation-In-Part US7959673B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2008-09-11 | Degenerative valvular disease specific annuloplasty rings |
| US12/209,148 Continuation US7959673B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2008-09-11 | Degenerative valvular disease specific annuloplasty rings |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20090157176A1 true US20090157176A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
Family
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Family Applications (7)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/028,714 Abandoned US20090157176A1 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2008-02-08 | Annuloplasty rings for correcting degenerative valvular diseases |
| US12/209,148 Active US7959673B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2008-09-11 | Degenerative valvular disease specific annuloplasty rings |
| US12/857,113 Abandoned US20110034999A1 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2010-08-16 | Degenerative valvular disease specific annuloplasty rings |
| US13/095,039 Active 2030-04-01 US9011529B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2011-04-27 | Mitral annuloplasty rings with sewing cuff |
| US13/111,820 Abandoned US20110224786A1 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2011-05-19 | Degenerative Valvular Disease Specific Annuloplasty Rings |
| US13/422,706 Active US8764821B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2012-03-16 | Degenerative vavlular disease specific annuloplasty ring sets |
| US14/691,426 Active US9526615B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2015-04-20 | Mitral annuloplasty ring with suture line |
Family Applications After (6)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/209,148 Active US7959673B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2008-09-11 | Degenerative valvular disease specific annuloplasty rings |
| US12/857,113 Abandoned US20110034999A1 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2010-08-16 | Degenerative valvular disease specific annuloplasty rings |
| US13/095,039 Active 2030-04-01 US9011529B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2011-04-27 | Mitral annuloplasty rings with sewing cuff |
| US13/111,820 Abandoned US20110224786A1 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2011-05-19 | Degenerative Valvular Disease Specific Annuloplasty Rings |
| US13/422,706 Active US8764821B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2012-03-16 | Degenerative vavlular disease specific annuloplasty ring sets |
| US14/691,426 Active US9526615B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2015-04-20 | Mitral annuloplasty ring with suture line |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (7) | US20090157176A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2109419B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN101605511B (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2677361C (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2008098226A1 (fr) |
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| CN114173713A (zh) * | 2019-07-15 | 2022-03-11 | 沃卡尔有限公司 | 经导管生物假体构件和支撑结构 |
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2011
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2677361C (fr) | 2016-04-05 |
| CA2677361A1 (fr) | 2008-08-14 |
| WO2008098226A8 (fr) | 2008-10-16 |
| US9011529B2 (en) | 2015-04-21 |
| US20090177276A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
| US7959673B2 (en) | 2011-06-14 |
| US9526615B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
| US20110224786A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
| US8764821B2 (en) | 2014-07-01 |
| EP2109419A1 (fr) | 2009-10-21 |
| US20110034999A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
| WO2008098226A1 (fr) | 2008-08-14 |
| US20150223936A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
| US20120215304A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
| EP2109419B1 (fr) | 2017-01-04 |
| CN101605511A (zh) | 2009-12-16 |
| US20110238171A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
| CN101605511B (zh) | 2013-03-13 |
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