US20130104488A1 - Construction of buildings using wooden blocks - Google Patents

Construction of buildings using wooden blocks Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130104488A1
US20130104488A1 US13/808,593 US201013808593A US2013104488A1 US 20130104488 A1 US20130104488 A1 US 20130104488A1 US 201013808593 A US201013808593 A US 201013808593A US 2013104488 A1 US2013104488 A1 US 2013104488A1
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blocks
beams
block
corner
planks
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Vincent Lepot
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
    • E04B1/165—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with elongated load-supporting parts, cast in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/44—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
    • E04B2/46—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
    • E04B2/701—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with integrated supporting and obturation function
    • E04B2/704—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with integrated supporting and obturation function with longitudinal horizontal elements shorter than the length of a wall
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
    • E04F11/022—Stairways; Layouts thereof characterised by the supporting structure
    • E04F11/035—Stairways consisting of a plurality of assembled modular parts without further support
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8635—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms
    • E04B2/8641—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms using dovetail-type connections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
    • E04B2001/3583—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block using permanent tensioning means, e.g. cables or rods, to assemble or rigidify structures (not pre- or poststressing concrete), e.g. by tying them around the structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
    • E04F11/104—Treads
    • E04F11/108—Treads of wood or with an upper layer of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/10—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of wood or with an outer layer of wood
    • E04F13/105—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of wood or with an outer layer of wood with an outer layer imitating natural stone, brick work, tiled surface or the like

Definitions

  • the entire building is supported by beams that link the entire building.
  • WO 93/14282 A method for the manufacture of prestressed wooden building blocks and resulting modules including architectural structures.
  • WO 2010/047570 AI A double walled wood block and a method for building a wall thereof.
  • the foundation's erection and the junction between the foundations and the walls all the technical building problems are integrated: the foundation's erection and the junction between the foundations and the walls.
  • the patent takes into account all the difficult situations that occur in construction and gives as well the possibility to incorporate a beam or a concrete belt to attach firmly all the walls and the foundations. It provides a solution to the intersection between two, three or four walls. The floors can be built at different levels. It also gives the possibility to create robust and sustainable constructions. It also deals with the issue of building a roof.
  • the incorporating of door frames and windows is also managed, as well as the creation of a stair and the passage of ducts. It also allows the placement of a thick layer of insulation in the walls and floors.
  • the walls are constructed without nails or screws, but just by simple fitting. Doors and windows are easily inserted. In the same way, with the blocks, one can create stairs. The installation of the stairs is simple and cheap, however they are comely and of great resistance, built with the same system used to build the walls.
  • the junction of the wall and the floor is a key element to ensure the stability of the building. The same junction can be applied between the wall and the roof. Building a flat roof would be the most easy and economical way. But various types of roofs are possible. Although foundations are only necessary at the corners of the main load-bearing walls, this light construction is very solid.
  • the joists distribute the weight of the whole construction on the several walls. Vertical threaded rods start in the foundation till the roof. The weight returns to the foundation. The whole structure is firmly attached to its foundations. The building can withstand harsh winds and climates.
  • each element created, each unit created, each building system created was designated by a Roman numeral. These Roman numerals can be found in the description in Fig. drawings and original claims. For all elements created, a hierarchy was established in italics denotes the planks created. In italics and bold denotes the blocks created, using several combinations of planks. And finally, in italics, bold and underlined, the created building systems are meant, which are composed of different blocks and different elements. We adopted the same hierarchy as in the original claims. As an indication, some dimensions are given in the form of a multiple of X such (X*I) or (X*2) and so on. Indeed, the combination of the different dimensions plays an essential role in the assembly of the building, which follows a well-defined frame dimensions.
  • the plank can be inside or outside, even for different wood types, because the cutting of the plank is exactly the same and has been rotated of 180°.
  • the vertical languet ( 1 ) which is always in the axis the thickness of the plank, is located at the left end of the plank from above and at the right end in the axis of the plank underneath.
  • the vertical mortise ( 2 ) located at the right end of the plank above and located at the left end of the plank underneath. This principle will be applied to all the blocks of the building. This avoids having to cut two different external and internal planks to build the block.
  • FIG. 1 Plan view of the internal or external plank. All the dimension of the construction could follow a frame (X*0.5) and specific proportions so that all the construction's elements fit together in length, width and height.
  • X*0.5 For a plank length of (X*6), four dovetail joints ( 4 ), carried out on half of the thickness of the plank and over its entire height, are located along the length at (X*0.5), then at (X*2), then at (X*1), then at (X*2), and so on, . . .
  • the intermediate planks could always overlap themselves and provide a very high compressive strength to the entire construction.
  • the intermediate planks (II) could slip in the external and internal planks perpendicularly.
  • the intermediate planks could slip in the dovetail notches ( 4 ) of the internal or external planks.
  • the two vertical ends of the intermediate planks could be vertical tenons ( 3 ), in the form of dovetail joints ( 3 ), over the entire height of the plank.
  • FIG. 3 Detail of the left end of the external and internal planks.
  • the vertical languaget ( 1 ) which is always in the axis of the thickness of the plank, is located at the left end of the plank above and at the right end in the axis of the plank underneath.
  • (X*I) is the usual commercial height of a wooden plank.
  • FIG. 4 Detail of the right end of the external and internal planks.
  • the vertical tenon ( 2 ) is located at the right end of the plank which is located above of the wooden block.
  • the vertical tenon ( 2 ) is located at the left end of the plank which is located on underneath of the wooden block.
  • the horizontal tenon is located ( 5 ) in the axis of the thickness of the plank.
  • the horizontal mortise is located ( 5 ) in the axis of the thickness of the plank.
  • FIG. 2 , 5 , 8 , 10 , 11 , 14 Four small holes ( 7 ) are drilled in the intermediate planks. These holes are important because they enable to put hooks or steel bars or cables to horizontally attach all the blocks together.
  • a fifth larger central hole ( 8 ) is drilled in the intermediate plank. It enables to easily grasp the wooden block. It is possible to place hooks to vertically attach different strata of blocks. The horizontal pipes pass through these large holes. All four or five strata of blocks can be put horizontally reinforcing bars or threaded rods ( 11 ) over the entire length of the wall. Threaded rods are bolted ( 12 ) at both ends of the wall.
  • the basic wooden block (III) has two planks, one external and one internal (I) and four intermediate planks (II).
  • the basic wooden block is made of solid wood. No glue, no nails are required for its installation. Through the dovetails, the intermediate planks are slipped into the external and internal planks. The whole forms a basic wooden block.
  • the corner plank with notches underneath (IV) has a length (X*3) and height (X*1). At (X*0.5) from both ends, we make two simple cuts at mid-height. The notches are facing downwards ( 9 ).
  • the corner plank with notches facing up (V) has a length (X*3) and height (X*1). At (X*0.5) from both ends, we make two simple cuts at mid-height. The notches are facing up ( 10 ).
  • the corner planks (IV) fits into the corner planks (V).
  • the corner plank (IV) and the corner plank (V) are slightly different because the tenon ( 5 ) is always located on the top of the wooden blocks.
  • the mortise is always located on the bottom of the blocks.
  • the tenons ( 5 ) of the corner planks (IV) are interrupted ( 15 ) twice. Thereby two strata of corner blocks can also be fitted together if one is rotated at 90 [deg.].
  • the corner block is the result of crossing two planks (IV) and two planks (V).
  • the square of wood (VII) fits into the corner block to reinforce it. Its dimensions are the internal dimensions of the corner block. In the length [(X*2) ⁇ (2*E)], in the width [(X*2) ⁇ (2*E)] and its height is the half of the height of a block (X*0.5). “E” is the thickness of the wood.
  • the square of wood (VII) can slip into the corner block (VI) to solidify it.
  • the square In height, the square is the half of the height of the block. Holes ( 7 ) are drilled from all sides. Positioned within the corner block, the holes ( 7 ) of the piece of wood (VII) are located in front of the holes ( 7 ) of the corner block (VI). Thus, the piece of wood (VII) does not impede the passage of the steel rods ( 11 ).
  • a large hole ( 16 ) allows the passage of the vertical reinforcing bars or threaded rods ( 14 ) from the foundation to the roof.
  • FIG. 13 If necessary, two square pieces of wood (VII) can be fitted inside of the corner block (VI) to solidify it. Two strata of square pieces of wood are the same height as the corner block.
  • FIG. 14 A corner block (VI) fits together with two base blocks (III). Reinforcing bars or threaded rods ( 11 ) or cables, threaded through the holes ( 7 ) and fastened or bolted ( 12 ) in the corners of the wall, provide a perfect connection between all the blocks and all the walls.
  • FIG. 15 The system of formwork for foundations or concrete columns (VIII).
  • This reinforcing bar ( 14 ) must penetrate deeply into the concrete and come out after the height of one or more floors.
  • the reinforcing bar or cable ( 14 ) is then extended to the roof. It binds firmly the whole construction and the concrete foundations. If necessary, one can construct concrete columns on the same principle.
  • An elongated corner block is used to make the wall's corners.
  • the two planks are not perfectly symmetrical.
  • the vertical end tenon ( 1 ) is on the side of the notches ( 10 ), and the other vertical end of the plank is a mortise ( 2 ) (IX).
  • the mortise ( 2 ) is located on the end with the vertical notches, while the mortise ( 1 ) is located at the end near the dovetail.
  • the planks of the wooden blocks, above the plank there is a tenon ( 5 ) and underneath a mortise ( 6 ).
  • An elongated corner block (XI) is composed of two intermediate planks (II) and two corner planks (IV) which fit into one elongated external plank (IX) and one elongated internal plank (X).
  • FIG. 18 A elongated corner block and a second elongated corner block is placed above, but rotated 90 [deg.].
  • two corner walls are perfectly bonded together.
  • the elongated corner block also allows a perfect fitting of three or four walls which meet at a corner.
  • the basic blocks (III) which have exactly the same frame, fit perfectly into the elongated corner blocks ( 17 ).
  • the walls can then continue in length or height with basic blocks (III).
  • the beam (XII).
  • the beam is a structuring element which slips inside the blocks.
  • the height of a beam is (X*0.5). It is therefore the half of a blocks height.
  • the width of the beam is [(2*X) ⁇ (2*E)].
  • E is the thickness of the planks.
  • a beam slides inside the block.
  • At each measure, on the bottom of the beam is created a mortise ( 6 ) so the beam engages in the tenon ( 5 ) located above the intermediate planks from each basic block (I).
  • the beams could insert into the corners and slip in the vertical reinforcing bar ( 14 ) which goes from the foundation till the roof.
  • the corner system (XVI) distributes weight all over the entire wall and the forces are forwarded towards the corners where the foundations are located.
  • the corner system could ensure perfect stability of the entire building if several floors are built. In a wall, you will find these beams in the firsts and in the last stacks of blocks. You will also find these beams at each floor, to make thresholds and lintels of doors and windows. You will find these beams under the support of the floor beams or under the roof support beams. You will find this beams anywhere it should be necessary to strengthen the wall. The beams are completely hidden inside the blocks.
  • FIG. 26 Similarly, in the elongated corner planks (IX) or (X), we could practice a top hole or a bottom.
  • the hole has a width [(2*X) ⁇ (2*E)] and a height (X*0.5).
  • Two cut corner planks and four cutting elongated corner planks could create all sorts of corner blocks possible to resolve all possible corners where two walls, three or four walls come together from left, right, or in front, when the beams are located on the top or in the bottom part of the block, and thus in all possible directions.
  • FIG. 28 The corner block for two intersecting beams (XXVII). Here, two walls intersect at right angles and the two beams stop at the corner ( 21 ).
  • the elongated corner block is cut to let two beams continue beyond (XXX).
  • the beams intersect and continue beyond the block ( 20 ).
  • the elongated corner block is cut but the two beams don't continue beyond ( 21 ) (XXXI).
  • the elongated corner block is inverse cut, but the two beams don't continue beyond (XXXII).
  • the elongated corner block is cut to let the bottom beam continue beyond ( 20 ) (XXXIII).
  • the elongated corner block is cut to let the top beam continue beyond ( 20 ) (XXXIV).
  • the elongated corner block is cut to let only one bottom beam which doesn't continue beyond ( 20 ) (XXXV).
  • the corner block for two intersecting beams (XXVII). Here, two walls intersect at right angles and the two beams stop at the corner ( 21 ).
  • the corner block is made for two intersecting beams at right angle.
  • the bottom beam is located along the elongated corner block. (XXVI).
  • the corner block for two intersecting beams (XXVII).
  • the corner block for two intersecting beams (XXVII).
  • the corner block is made for two intersecting beams at right angle but inverse.
  • the bottom beam is located along the elongated corner block (XXVII).
  • the floor beam (XXXVIII).
  • the floor beam is consisting of basic blocks (III) placed end to end, but positioned vertically. Their dimensions are always multiples of X. For example, you could have height (X*2), but for buildings with larger span, or whether to carry loads heavier than normal, you could increase the height of the beams, (X*3) (X*4), etc. In Width (X*1). And in length the floor beam has to be a multiple of (X*6). The length depends on the length of the wall. Indeed, the basic blocks compose the wall, the length of the wall is also a multiple of (X*6). The count of the beam's length has to add two supports [2*(X*I, 5)] ( 23 ).
  • the floor beams can also be composed of external and internal planks cut at the length of the wall.
  • wooden pieces (VII) are inserted, in height [(X*2) ⁇ (2*E)], in width (X*0.5), and various lengths, depending on the holes where they are inserted (X*0.3), (0.9*X), (X*I, 6).
  • Holes ( 7 ) are made in order to let place for reinforcing bars or threaded rods ( 11 ).
  • FIG. 32 In most cases, two reinforcing bars or threated rods ( 11 ) are enough. One is located near the top edge and one near the bottom edge. These two reinforcing bars are securely attached to both ends of the beam and strained. Thus, the two reinforcing bars take the weight and reduce the flexion of the beam. Thus, the floor beams are extremely strong and they could support a significant weight from one to the other side of the building. Thus, in many cases, we could spare the construction of partition walls. We could accommodate larger interior spaces with non-load bearing walls.
  • the large centre hole ( 16 ) of the square wooden piece (VII) lets inserted reinforcing bars or threaded rods to bind the beams to each other. The holes ( 16 ) let enough place to hide horizontal ducts hidden in the floor beams.
  • the beams (XXXIX) have to withstand larger spans or heavier loads. In these cases, one can use a double row of wooden squares pieces (VII) and four strained reinforcing bars. It could become a quite heavy beam, and as such, it has to be handled with a crane. But the beam could also arrive in pieces and could be assembled on the building site.
  • the floor beams (XXXVIII) are placed on the wall at half of the walls thickness. On each floor, the wall always ends with a beam (XII) inserted into the last stack of blocks (XIII). Thus, from outside or inside, the beams are completely hidden. Through this beam, the weight of the floors will be well distributed across the wall and the weight is laid on the corners, and then goes down in the foundations.
  • the floor beams (XXXVIII) are placed on the wall with measures of (X*3), measured between the axis of the beams. On the floor beams (XXXVIII), shall be placed the insulation ( 25 ) and a conventional wooden floor ( 26 ).
  • the thickness of the floor beams (XXXVIII) can be filled with insulation.
  • FIG. 36 Walls are continued to be built around the floor beams.
  • the needed space to place the beam on the wall has a width of (X*1).
  • the basic blocks (III) are cut with a measure all (X*3), or in other words, a hole of (X*1), then a wooden plank of (X*2), and so on.
  • the blocks are cut to fit the floor beams (XL).
  • a hole of (X*0.74) is made in the internal side of the basic block ( 28 ) (XL). Through this hole, the horizontal ducts located inside the floors beams join the vertical ducts ( 28 ).
  • the hooks ( 27 ) slide into the holes ( 7 ) to fix each block to the bottom or top blocks.
  • the hooks inside the walls (XL) can be used anywhere to fix all blocks together.
  • FIG. 37 The system of two beams that clamp the floor beams (XLII). On the two stacks of blocks, or on the supporting end of the floor beams (XXXVIII), a second beam can be put to clamp the floor beams (XII).
  • Threaded rods ( 29 ) connect the two beams (XII).
  • the rods ( 29 ) are bolted on the top and on the bottom.
  • This system of two connected beams that surround the floor beams (XLII) makes the construction all-round very robust.
  • This system of two beams (XII) which enclose the floor beams (XXXLIII) puts all the floor weight on the corners and the foundations.
  • a bearing wall isn't necessary.
  • the wall on the second floor can be built.
  • the first stack will be a basic block with a cut on the bottom half of the intermediate plank (XIV). This block (XIV) fits around the second beam (XII).
  • the interiors of all the blocks of the construction can be filled with fireproof insulation ( 30 ).
  • the hooks ( 27 ) can bind the piles of wooden blocks.
  • FIG. 40 An elongated corner block, on the left side, is cut to insert two contiguous floor beams (XLIII).
  • the cuts are of double width of (X*2). Near the corners, two floor beams are recommended (XXXVIII) to strengthen the edges of the floor. In fact, the edges of the floor must withstand the furniture's weight, which accumulates. Hooks ( 27 ) slide into the holes ( 7 ) and bind each block to the others.
  • the basic wooden block, on the left side, is cut to let enough place for the floor beams (XLV).
  • the basic wooden block, on the right side, is cut to let enough place for the floor beams (XLVI).
  • XLVI floor beams
  • some basic blocks could also be found at the end of the wall.
  • the basic wooden block has to let place for the two contiguous floor beams.
  • the floor beams can come from two different sides.
  • the basic wooden block is cut on the two sides, left or right, to insert the floor beams (XL VII).
  • the basic block is cut in the centre to insert the floor beams on a partition wall (XLVIII).
  • partition walls floor beams are supported on both sides of the wall. One must therefore plan the room necessary to let the floor beams (XXXVIII) rely on the wall.
  • FIG. 42 Illustration of the basic block for a piece of wall, on the left side, cut to fit the floor beams (XLV).
  • the basic block cut to fit the floor beams on a partition wall (XL VII) and (VIII XL).
  • partition wall In the case of a partition wall, floor beams are supported on both sides of the wall.
  • Creating a flat roof begins with the placement of floor beams (XXXVIII) and a traditional floor construction ( 31 ). Then, on the floor, a classic roof is constructed: a steam barrier ( 32 ) is placed and a fire-retardant insulation in height (X*3) ( 33 ). Thus, with insulation in the walls (X*2) and an insulator (X*3) roof and under the first floor, the building with have a low energy consumption.
  • the upper face of the insulator has a small slope with relative to the horizontal so that the water flows towards the gutter ( 36 ). It is covered with a waterproof material, a copper, zinc, steel plates, or tar, etc. ( 34 ).
  • the gutter could be housed in the last stack of block wall ( 35 ).
  • the last stack of blocks is composed of basic blocks which have a cut on the top half of the intermediate plank (XIII). In this half-height block left free, a gutter can be inserted.
  • the drain hose may be inserted in the middle of the ledge and goes down inside the wall ( 36 ).
  • oblique roofs can be maid.
  • the floor system of the building (L) is virtually identical to the flat roof system (XLIX).
  • This first beam is inserted into a row of basic blocks with the top half cut of the intermediate plank (XIII). Near the edge, there are two floor beams side by side in order to strengthen the edges, more stressed by the weight of the furniture.
  • the support of the floor beams (XXXVIII) are enclosed by two piles of blocks cut to fit the floor beams (XL) in the wall.
  • a round hole ( 28 ) allows that the horizontal ducts which are at the level of the floors are connected with the vertical ducts which are in the walls.
  • a second beam can be placed on the support of the floor beams (XXXVIII) and the second stack of blocks (XL).
  • the system of two beams encloses the two floor beams (XLII). Indeed, the two beams (XII), beneath and above the floor beams (XXXVIII) are attached to each other by vertical steel bars ( 29 ) bolted above and below. Then one can continue to construct up the wall with a first stack of blocks with the bottom half of the intermediate planks is cut (XIV). Then it continues with one or more piles of base blocks (III).
  • the wedge system reinforced by two vertical beams (LI).
  • the vertical beams (XII) are inserted vertically in the end pieces of the outer corners of the walls ( 37 ).
  • the two joists go (XII) along the corners from the foundation to the roof.
  • the joists are firmly attached to the blocks of wedges (VI) and (XI), or the corner blocks to elongate (XXIV) to (XXXVII), and the walls, by horizontal steel bars ( 29 ) bolted.
  • the horizontal steel rods go through the wall over its entire length.
  • the horizontal steel rods connect two corners on both ends of the wall.
  • the entire building can rest on its corners that are strong enough to take all the charges and return them back to the foundations.
  • the foundations are always located in the corners.
  • the corner and two walls that intersect there are securely fastened to the foundation through the vertical steel bar that comes from the foundation until the last pile of blocks.
  • the horizontal beams (XII) of the last stack of blocks intersect at the corner.
  • the two beams (XII) slip in the vertical rod ( 29 ) and are bolted ( 38 ).
  • the building can withstand any storm.
  • the columns system (LII). In some situations, it is necessary to raise the whole building or partly. In this case, we must erect columns.
  • the column is formed simply of the corner blocks (VI) reinforced by wooden beams (VII), and stacked on each other.
  • Four beams (XII) are inserted vertically in the four external vertical gaps ( 37 ) left by the corner blocks. These beams (XII) climb along the corner blocks from the end of the foundation until the top of the column.
  • the beams are firmly attached to the corner blocks and there between, facing each other, by the horizontal steel bars which pass through the column and bind a beam to the other.
  • the corners become like real extremely strong columns.
  • the entire building can rest on these columns that are strong enough to take all the charges and return them in the foundation located below them.
  • the column and the walls that intersect there are also firmly attached to the foundation through the vertical steel bar ( 29 ) which climbs from the foundation to the roof.
  • the horizontal beams are inserted and bolted to the vertical rod ( 38 ).
  • the vertical rod ( 29 ) continues to bind the roof and the entire building to the foundation.
  • FIG. 47 In some situations, it is necessary to build a concrete beam belt that is connected to the foundation. For example, in soft ground or soaked or flood, otherwise, in direct contact with the water, all wood construction would perish.
  • FIG. 47 Following the fire standards in some countries, for the construction of multi-storey apartments, it may be necessary to create beams belt, using concrete. To do this, the system formwork (VIII) used to build the foundations would be used to build concrete columns. The concrete beams will be grafted on the columns. From the basic blocks (III), one removes the intermediate planks (II) so that it is possible to pour concrete.
  • VIII system formwork
  • II intermediate planks
  • the concrete beam will adopt exactly the layout of the basic block (III), the same frame, and the tenon ( 1 ) and the same mortise ( 2 ) at the ends, an external plank (LIII) with the same ends ( 1 ) and ( 2 ), and, opposite the same plank (LIII), which has been rotated 180 [deg.], its ends ( 2 ) and ( 1 ) are reversed.
  • this plank (LIII) holes ( 7 ) receive threaded rods.
  • the horizontal threaded rods ( 29 ) bolted ( 38 ) at both ends will act as a spacer.
  • corner plank with notches downwards and a tenon at the vertical end LIX
  • corner plank with notches downwards and mortise at the vertical end LX
  • corner plank with notches upwards and tenon at the vertical end LXI
  • corner plank with notches upwards and mortise vertical end LXII
  • corner planks (IV) and (V) with corner planks cut to let pass the concrete (LIX), (LX) (LXI), (LXII), will give different formwork corner blocks: the corner formwork block for two concrete beams (LXIII); the corner formwork block for one concrete beam (LXIV), the corner formwork block for three concrete beams (LXV); the corner formwork block for four concrete beams (LXVI).
  • FIG. 49 The formwork system for foundation or for concrete beam and the column (LXVII). If necessary, the formwork system (VIII) used to construct the concrete foundations is used to construct concrete columns. Like the system of wooden columns (LII), four beams (XII) are inserted vertically in the four vertical external holes ( 37 ). Here, it illustrates the case of a concrete foundation or a concrete column that joins two concrete beams. Two vertical beams will bear two horizontal beams which serve as background to the formwork of the concrete beam. On the outside, the two longer vertical beams will maintain three heaps of corner blocks (LXIII). Thus, the continuity between the concrete column and concrete beams is achieved ( 39 ).
  • a first stack of formwork blocks (LV), inserted on the horizontal beam, (XII) can be placed .After one half formwork block (LVIII) to shift the second stack. One can place a second stack of formwork blocks (LIV). And, finally, place a third pile of formwork blocks (LIV). Reinforcing bars can be horizontally or vertically installed inside the formwork ( 29 ). Several vertical ducts ( 40 ) can be installed in the axis of the formwork to allow free passage of the future vertical ducts inside the concrete beams. The formwork stays in place. Thus, once the concrete is poured, one can continue to construct the wooden walls with the wasted formwork blocks. Indeed, the basic blocks (III) fit perfectly on the wasted formwork blocks (LIV). Thus, the concrete structure is hidden behind the wooden forms that remain in place. The building with a concrete substrate looks like a building made entirely of wood.
  • the elongated corner blocks are almost identical to corner blocks, they follow the same characteristics, the same frame, the same male and female ends tabs ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) the same cuts directing up and down . . .
  • the elongated edge blocks and formwork blocks with elongated corner perfectly fit into each other.
  • the only difference is that no dovetails are used but holes to receive the threaded rod horizontally, which is bolted at both ends.
  • elongated formwork corner blocks can also be used to give strength.
  • the elongated corner blocks are almost identical to corner blocks, they follow the same characteristics, the same frame, the same tenon and mortise ends ( 1 ) ( 2 ), the same up and down cuts.
  • the elongated formwork corner blocks and formwork corner blocks fit into each other.
  • elongated formwork corner planks a first plank with notches downwardly located on the mortise side ( 2 ) (LXIX); a second plank with notches downwardly located at the tenon side ( 1 ) (LXX); a third plank is a cutting of the first one (LXXI); a fourth plank is a cutting of the second (LXXII). Then the combination of these different planks will give several elongated formwork corner blocks responding to all situations.
  • the system of sloping roof (LXXX) is required in some areas where it rains or snows a lot.
  • the sloping roof is sometimes imposed by planning regulations.
  • the sloping roof system consists of floor beams (XXXVIII) disposed obliquely .Floor beams (XXXVIII) are attached to pieces of cut joist trapezoidal ( 41 ) and placed on the horizontal beam (XII). Slipped into the end of the beams, a cylindrical piece of wood ( 42 ), binds all the beams.
  • the trapezoids are firmly attached to the horizontal beam (XII) on which they are based.
  • the roof is placed on a horizontal beam.
  • This horizontal beam is inside the last stack of blocks of the wall.
  • the horizontal beams are firmly attached ( 38 ) to the foundation by the vertical bar ( 29 ) which climbs inside the corners beginning from the foundation till the roof.
  • Joists cut into triangle ( 43 ) forms the slope of the roof.
  • the triangle joists are also bound to the horizontal beam (XII) on which they are based.
  • the triangle joists are the feet where drops the end of the beams (XXXVIII).
  • This structure is covered with an insulator ( 44 ), a waterproofing and a gutter ( 45 ), of traditional construction.
  • One or more beams (XXXVIII) are placed to triangulate the entire structure of the oblique roof.
  • the beams are connected by a cylindrical wooden beam ( 42 ) which is inserted into all the beams and maintains everything together.
  • FIG. 54 The system to maintain windows and doors inside the walls (LXXXI).
  • the end of a base block (III) is a perfect support for a door frame or window ( 46 ).
  • the door frame blocks will be very strained, especially in an entry door.
  • Wooden pieces (VII) are inserted to strengthen ( 47 ) the door.
  • On the top of the frame, a horizontal beam (XII) is inserted.
  • This beam (XII) acts as a lintel and returns loads on both sides of the chassis.
  • Two or more vertical reinforcing bars ( 29 ) bolted ( 38 ) connecting the lintel beam and the bottom beam of the wall and the upper beam of the wall.
  • the wall is greatly solidified.
  • FIG. 55 The door frame or the window frame is then stuck inside the wall by a vertical beam which fills the remaining space ( 49 ). And a threshold ( 50 ) is placed.
  • the stair (LXXXIII).
  • the stair is obtained by fixing basic blocks (III) together.
  • a block based on a slightly different format is created in order to make stairs that fit the formula of two heights for one step.
  • To get a stair format it is only necessary to reduce the width of the intermediate plank (II).
  • the height of the first stair is (X*1.43).
  • next stairs and the following will only (X*1.28) in height.
  • the thickness of the external planks does not count.
  • the length of each stair is (X*2).
  • Two basic stair blocks (III) ( 52 ) are inserted to obtain one step length.
  • the straight staircase (LXXXIV).
  • the staircase rises from (X*20.56).
  • the measure of the stairs often falls on the measures of the height of the pile of blocks.
  • the third stair is (X*3.98) in height.
  • the height of the seventh is (X*9.08).
  • the height of the tenth is (X*12.91).
  • the height of the fourteenth is (X*18.01).
  • constructions with levels or split levels can be made, the height of its steps would adjust easily.
  • the extended vertical bars ( 54 ) serve as railing pillars.
  • On which a handrail can be made ( 55 ).
  • the last joist of the last stair could be embedded in the beam of the upper floor to keep the stair stabile ( 56 ).
  • FIG. 59 The staircase angle (LXXXV).
  • the same principle of insertion of the basic stair blocks (III) is applied to form several stair forms.
  • the joists (XII) are slipped in the stairs and attached by horizontal ( 53 ) and vertical steel bars ( 54 ).
  • the joists slipped in the stairs form the bearing structure ( 56 ) and the right angle ( 57 ) which would support the second flight of stairs.
  • the staircase angle (LXXXV).
  • the basic stair blocks (III) will contribute to maintain the structure of beams and steel bars. Once the basic stair blocks (III), the joists (XII) and the steel rods ( 53 ) and ( 54 ) are in place, the staircase forms a single block.
  • FIG. 61 The staircase in two parallel flights (LXXXVI).
  • the parallel joists are connected together by horizontal steel bars ( 53 ) to hold the bearing ( 56 ) and the two flights ( 58 ).
  • the staircase in two parallel flights (LXXXVI).
  • the basic stair blocks (III) also maintain the joists structure (XII) and the steel rods ( 53 ) and ( 54 ). Once the basic blocks, the joists and the steel bars in place, the staircase forms a single block.
  • the ultimate goal of the creation is to give the ability to a non-professional to easily build his own home.
  • the workshop with the combination of these twenty five planks we will get our forty three different blocks, needed for the construction.
  • 18 different mounting systems could be used to obtain a home or a strong and durable building.
  • the invention has required several years of research, development and tests before coming to a complete construction concept with blocks of wood, from the foundation to the roof. This is not just inventing a block, but it is a complete concept of construction of a building that is being sought. And this construction is done by simply interlocking wooden elements, without any nail, from foundation to roof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
US13/808,593 2010-07-08 2010-07-08 Construction of buildings using wooden blocks Abandoned US20130104488A1 (en)

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US9986863B2 (en) 2009-02-13 2018-06-05 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Floor construction with variable grade of resilience
CN108656318A (zh) * 2018-05-16 2018-10-16 周盼 一种带倒角的一次成型的空心楼盖芯模模具及其使用方法
CN111088899A (zh) * 2019-12-17 2020-05-01 中国二冶集团有限公司 超长钢结构厂房的砌体围护组件
CN115045444A (zh) * 2022-06-20 2022-09-13 红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司 平屋面一次成型保护面层系统及施工方法
CN115787902A (zh) * 2017-03-07 2023-03-14 Nxt建筑系统有限公司 建筑系统
WO2024209323A1 (fr) * 2023-04-04 2024-10-10 Valeurs Alpines Element de construction pour le bâtiment, en particulier les maisons individuelles

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AT13240U3 (de) * 2013-03-25 2014-02-15 Josef Schilcher Bauelement
PL236360B1 (pl) * 2017-11-27 2021-01-11 Energia W Kogeneracji Ewk Spolka Akcyjna Zespół kotwiący
FR3079855B1 (fr) * 2018-04-06 2020-04-17 Jerome Levet Plot et kit d’assemblage de cloison amovible
WO2019229870A1 (fr) * 2018-05-30 2019-12-05 株式会社飯田産業 Bâtiment et procédé de construction de bâtiment
MX2019005712A (es) * 2019-05-16 2019-09-30 Angel Aragones Pardo Miguel Estructura para casas de aluminio.
GB2602298B (en) * 2020-12-22 2024-10-16 Woodlands Home & Garden Group Ltd Modular building
CN114941464B (zh) * 2022-06-15 2023-06-13 中建一局华江建设有限公司 一种植有现代化多功能盒子的木构工坊结构及其施工方法

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FR2535372A1 (fr) * 1982-11-02 1984-05-04 Baldovini Ange Paul Mini-coffrage pour beton arme (blocs baldo)
US4517780A (en) * 1983-02-07 1985-05-21 Lacombe Gerard A Insulated wall unit construction
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9986863B2 (en) 2009-02-13 2018-06-05 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Floor construction with variable grade of resilience
CN115787902A (zh) * 2017-03-07 2023-03-14 Nxt建筑系统有限公司 建筑系统
CN108656318A (zh) * 2018-05-16 2018-10-16 周盼 一种带倒角的一次成型的空心楼盖芯模模具及其使用方法
CN111088899A (zh) * 2019-12-17 2020-05-01 中国二冶集团有限公司 超长钢结构厂房的砌体围护组件
CN115045444A (zh) * 2022-06-20 2022-09-13 红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司 平屋面一次成型保护面层系统及施工方法
WO2024209323A1 (fr) * 2023-04-04 2024-10-10 Valeurs Alpines Element de construction pour le bâtiment, en particulier les maisons individuelles
FR3147577A1 (fr) * 2023-04-04 2024-10-11 Valeurs Alpines Element de construction pour le bâtiment, en particulier les maisons individuelles

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EP2591178A1 (fr) 2013-05-15
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AU2010356994A1 (en) 2013-02-28

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