US20130115560A1 - Fuel-Fired Furnace and Method for Controlling Combustion in a Fuel-Fired Furnace - Google Patents

Fuel-Fired Furnace and Method for Controlling Combustion in a Fuel-Fired Furnace Download PDF

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US20130115560A1
US20130115560A1 US13/642,683 US201113642683A US2013115560A1 US 20130115560 A1 US20130115560 A1 US 20130115560A1 US 201113642683 A US201113642683 A US 201113642683A US 2013115560 A1 US2013115560 A1 US 2013115560A1
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combustion chamber
flow rate
oxidizing agent
injection flow
flame intensity
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Philippe Beaudoin
Benoit Loiselet
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/061—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
    • F23G7/065—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4673—Measuring and sampling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/08—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/002—Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/20—Arrangements for treatment or cleaning of waste gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C2100/00—Exhaust gas
    • C21C2100/02—Treatment of the exhaust gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F27D2019/0028—Regulation
    • F27D2019/0034—Regulation through control of a heating quantity such as fuel, oxidant or intensity of current
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F27D2019/0028—Regulation
    • F27D2019/0034—Regulation through control of a heating quantity such as fuel, oxidant or intensity of current
    • F27D2019/004—Fuel quantity
    • F27D2019/0043—Amount of air or O2 to the burner

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the regulation of the combustion in fuel-fired furnaces.
  • Fuel-fired furnaces are commonly used in industry for the generation of thermal energy and for treatment of materials at a high temperature.
  • fuel-fired furnace designates a furnace, such as a smelting furnace or an incinerator, wherein at least part of the thermal energy is produced in the combustion chamber of the furnace by the combustion of a fuel with an oxidizing agent which is present in the oxidizer.
  • fuel-fired furnace also covers furnaces wherein at least part of the thermal energy is produced by combustion without a visible flame, which is often known as “flameless combustion”.
  • the fumes which are generated by the combustion are discharged from the combustion chamber of the fuel-fired furnace at a temperature higher than 600° C. by a discharge duct.
  • a maximum amount of thermal energy is generated by the combustion when the combustion is stoichiometric, i.e. when the oxidizing agent is injected into the combustion area in a quantity which corresponds to the quantity of oxidizing agent necessary for the complete combustion of the fuel which is present in the combustion area.
  • the carbon which is present in the fuel is entirely oxidized into CO 2
  • the hydrogen which is generally present in the fuel is entirely oxidized into H 2 O, etc.
  • Optimized operation of a fuel-fired furnace is generally possible in fuel-fired furnaces wherein the fuel and oxidizing agents added and the compositions of these are perfectly controlled.
  • JP-A-1314809 and JP-A-2001004116 it is known to equip an incinerator with a camera which faces towards the interior of the combustion chamber, and to regulate the post-combustion inside the combustion chamber above the main combustion according to the image obtained of the combustion inside the chamber.
  • WO-A-03/056044 describes a process for smelting of aluminum wherein solid aluminum is introduced into a furnace, the aluminum is smelted in order to form an aluminum bath, the variations of concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) and the temperature of the discharged fumes from the furnace are detected, the formation of aluminum oxides on the surface of the aluminum bath is deduced therefrom, and the smelting process is regulated according to the formation of aluminum oxides.
  • CO carbon monoxide
  • WO-A-2004/083469 describes a process for smelting of aluminum, wherein the ratio of fuel to oxidizing agent injected by a burner into the fuel-fired furnace is regulated according to the temperature of the fumes in the fume discharge duct provided with an inlet for air known as “dilution air”.
  • the flow rate of dilution air can vary according to different parameters (size of the openings, speed of extraction of the fumes, state of the fume ducts, flow rate of the other flows of fumes collected by the same extractor).
  • This variable flow rate can have an influence on the temperature of the fumes in the discharge duct, and thus have an impact on the regulation of the furnace.
  • Daily variations (day and night) and seasonal variations (summer and winter) in the temperature of the dilution air, which is generally ambient air, can also have an impact on the temperature of the fumes in the discharge duct.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide regulation of the combustion in a fuel-fired furnace which does not have the disadvantages of the above-described known processes.
  • the present invention thus relates to a process for operation of an improved fuel-fired furnace.
  • an oxidizing agent which is known as the main “oxidizing agent”
  • the main oxidizing agent is injected at a regulated flow rate into a combustion chamber of the fuel-fired furnace.
  • Combustible material is burned in the combustion chamber together with the main oxidizing agent thus injected, thus producing in the combustion chamber thermal energy and fumes with a temperature higher than 600° C.
  • the fumes thus produced are discharged from the combustion chamber by a discharge duct.
  • This discharge duct is provided with an inlet for an oxidizing agent known as the “dilution oxidizing agent”, which is typically, but not necessarily, ambient air, downstream from the combustion chamber, such that the dilution oxidizing agent comes into contact with the fumes at a temperature of 600° C. or even higher.
  • the fumes still contain materials which can be oxidized, i.e. when the combustion of combustible material in the combustion chamber is not complete, a flame is thus obtained at the level of the inlet for the dilution oxidizing agent inside the discharge duct.
  • the contact between the dilution oxidizing agent and the materials which can be oxidized in the fumes at a high temperature generate auto-combustion of said materials which can be oxidized, such as CO and/or H 2 , which are present in the discharged fumes.
  • the injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent into the combustion chamber is regulated according to the intensity of detected flame.
  • the combustible material can be introduced into the combustion chamber in a controlled manner, for example by injection of a jet of fuel into the combustion chamber by means of a lance or burner.
  • the combustible material can be present in the load, and can thus be introduced into the combustion chamber together with the load.
  • the combustible material can also be introduced into the combustion chamber by a combination of controlled introduction and introduction together with the load into the combustion chamber.
  • the injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent injected into the combustion chamber is reduced when the flame intensity thus detected is lower than a predetermined lower limit, and the flow rate of the main oxidizing agent injected into the combustion chamber is increased when the flame intensity thus detected is higher than a predetermined upper limit.
  • the presence of materials which can be oxidized, such as CO, in the fumes, is thus detected by the intensity of their combustion with the dilution oxidizing agent by means of a flame detector which returns a signal indicating the intensity of the combustion/of the flame inside the discharge duct: (a) a high intensity being the sign of a significant presence of materials which can be oxidized in the discharged fumes, and (b) a low intensity being the sign of a low presence of materials which can be oxidized in the discharged fumes.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to determine the level of the presence of materials which can be oxidized in the fumes, and to apply in real time correction of the regulation of the combustion in the combustion area.
  • the predetermined lower and upper limits are established in accordance with the nature of the combustion process in the combustion chamber, as previously described.
  • the predetermined lower limit is very low, but higher than zero.
  • the invention makes it possible in particular to compensate for imperfect knowledge of the content of combustible material in the furnace load (typical case for recycling furnaces), the quality of the combustible material, and/or its release in the combustion chamber, by means of adaptation in real time of the regulation of the flow rate of the main oxidizing agent, and, as described hereinafter, optionally also the flow rate of fuel injected into the combustion chamber.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that it can be implemented by means of a flame intensity detector which is inexpensive and simple to put into use.
  • the content of materials which can be oxidized in the discharged fumes can have frequent variations, but often with a short duration.
  • the flame intensity inside the discharge duct is detected during predetermined durations ⁇ t 1 and ⁇ t 2 .
  • the injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent into the combustion chamber is reduced when the detected flame intensity has remained lower than the lower limit during the predetermined duration ⁇ t 1 .
  • the injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent into the combustion chamber is increased when the detected flame intensity has remained higher than the upper limit during the predetermined duration ⁇ t 2 .
  • Another possibility is (a) to reduce the injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent into the combustion chamber when the mean value of the detected flame intensity during the predetermined duration ⁇ t 1 is lower than the lower limit, and (b) to increase the injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent into the combustion chamber when the mean value of the detected flame intensity during the predetermined duration ⁇ t 2 is higher than the upper limit.
  • the predetermined durations ⁇ t 1 and ⁇ t 2 are typically identical.
  • the main oxidizing agent and the combustible material are injected into the combustion chamber at regulated flow rates, the combustible material is burned in the combustion chamber together with the main oxidizing agent, thus producing in the combustion chamber thermal energy and fumes at a temperature higher than 600° C., and the fumes thus produced are discharged from the combustion chamber by a discharge duct.
  • the discharged fumes can contain residual materials which can be oxidized.
  • the discharge duct is provided with an inlet for dilution oxidizing agent downstream from the combustion chamber.
  • the residual materials which can be oxidized from the fumes are burned together with the dilution oxidizing agent, thereby obtaining a flame inside the discharge duct at the level of the inlet for dilution oxidizing agent.
  • the flame intensity inside the discharge duct is detected and the injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent into the combustion area is regulated according to the detected flame intensity.
  • the ratio between the injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent and the injection flow rate of combustible material into the combustion chamber is reduced when the detected flame intensity inside the discharge duct is lower than a predetermined lower limit, and the ratio between the injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent and the injection flow rate of combustible material into the combustion chamber is increased when the detected flame intensity is higher than a predetermined upper limit.
  • the ratio between the injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent and the injection flow rate of combustible material into the combustion chamber can be modified by changing the injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent relative to the predetermined injection flow rate of combustible material, or by changing (a) the injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent and (b) the injection flow rate of combustible material. It should however be noted that the injection flow rate of combustible material into the combustion chamber is often regulated according to the thermal energy requirement in the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber is equipped with at least one lance for the injection of a regulated flow rate of the main oxidizing agent.
  • the combustion chamber can also be equipped with at least one burner for the injection of a regulated flow rate of the main oxidizing agent and a regulated flow rate of combustible material.
  • the combustion chamber can also comprise at least one such lance and at least one such burner.
  • the process can be a batch process, a semi-batch process or a continuous supply process.
  • the combustion chamber can be the combustion chamber of an arc furnace, a rotary furnace, a fixed smelting furnace, a reheating furnace, a boiler, or a post-combustion chamber for gaseous effluents, etc.
  • the process can be a process for smelting or vitrification, and in particular a process for secondary smelting of scarp metals, a process for combustion of solid, liquid or gaseous waste, a process for post-combustion of gaseous effluents, or a process for reheating, such as reheating of metallurgical products, etc.
  • the inlet for the dilution oxidizing agent is typically an inlet for ambient air into the discharge duct (air gap), but can also be an injector for the oxidizing agent, such as an injector for air enriched with oxygen, or for oxygen.
  • the flame detector is advantageously an optical detector, and in particular an optical detector selected from amongst ultraviolet detectors, infrared detectors, and visible radiation detectors.
  • the detector is preferably an infrared or an ultraviolet detector.
  • the flame is detected inside the discharge duct, preferably in a location which is sheltered from the main combustion.
  • the discharge duct can be provided with a bend.
  • the detection of the flame then takes place preferably downstream from this bend.
  • the inlet for the dilution oxidizing agent is advantageously situated immediately upstream, in, or downstream from the bend, such that the flame which is generated by the combustion of the materials which can be oxidized in the fumes together with the dilution oxidizing agent takes place at least mainly downstream from the bend.
  • the furnace has a geometry which prevents interference between the main combustion and the flame detector, or if the furnace comprises elements which form a screen between the main combustion and the flame detector, a bend of this type is not necessary.
  • the present invention also relates to a fuel-fired furnace which is designed for implementation of the above-described process.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a fuel-fired furnace comprising a combustion chamber, and means for the injection of the main oxidizing agent at a regulated flow rate into this combustion chamber, and a duct for the discharge of fumes from said combustion chamber.
  • the discharge duct comprises an inlet for the dilution oxidizing agent downstream from the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel-fired furnace according to the invention also comprises a detector to detect a flame intensity in the discharge duct at the level of the inlet for the dilution oxidizing agent. The detector is positioned and oriented such as to prevent the main combustion from vitiating the detected flame intensity.
  • the discharge duct can comprise a bend as previously stated.
  • the flame detector is then preferably positioned downstream from this bend.
  • the inlet for the dilution oxidizing agent is positioned immediately upstream, in, or downstream from the bend of the discharge duct.
  • the furnace advantageously comprises a control unit which is connected to the detector, and to the means for injection of the main oxidizing agent.
  • This control unit is programmed to:
  • control unit can be programmed to:
  • the furnace according to the invention can also comprise a means for the injection of combustible material at a regulated flow rate into the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel-fired furnace preferably comprises a control unit which is connected (a) to the detector, (b) to the means for injection of the main oxidizing agent into the combustion chamber, and (c) to the means for injection of combustible material into the combustion chamber.
  • This control unit is programmed (i) to compare the flame intensity detected by the detector inside the discharge duct with a predetermined lower limit and a predetermined upper limit, (ii) to reduce the ratio between the injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent and the injection flow rate of combustible material into the combustion chamber when the detected flame intensity is lower than the predetermined lower limit, and (iii) to increase the ratio between the injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent and the injection flow rate of combustible material into the combustion chamber when the detected flame intensity is higher than a predetermined upper limit.
  • control unit is more particularly programmed to:
  • control unit In order to vary the ratio between the injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent and the injection flow rate of combustible material into the combustion chamber, the control unit will advantageously vary the injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent according to the injection flow rate of the combustible material. It is however also possible for the control unit to vary the ratio between the injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent and the injection flow rate of combustible material, by regulating the injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent and the injection flow rate of the combustible material.
  • control unit can for example, in the case of an flame intensity which is lower than the predetermined lower limit, reduce the ratio between the injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent and the injection flow rate of combustible material, by increasing the injection flow rate of combustible material to an injection flow rate of the main oxidizing agent which remains unchanged.
  • the means for injection of the main oxidizing agent of the furnace can comprise one or a plurality of lances for injection of the main oxidizing agent into the combustion chamber.
  • the means for injection of combustible material of the furnace can comprise one or a plurality of lances for the injection of combustible material into the combustion chamber.
  • the furnace can also comprise one or a plurality of burners for the injection of combustible materials and of the main oxidizing agent into the combustion chamber.
  • a burner of this type firstly forms part of the means for injection of the main oxidizing agent, and secondly of the means for injection of combustible material into the furnace.
  • the furnace according to the invention can be a furnace for a batch process, for a semi-batch process, or for a continuous process.
  • the furnace can be an arc furnace, a rotary furnace, a fixed smelting furnace, a reheating furnace such as a reheating furnace for metallurgical products, a boiler, or a post-combustion chamber for gaseous effluents, etc.
  • the furnace can be a furnace for smelting or vitrification, and in particular a secondary smelting furnace for scrap metals, or an incinerator for solid, liquid or gaseous waste, etc.
  • the inlet for the dilution oxidizing agent is typically an inlet for ambient air into the discharge duct (air gap), but can also be an injector for the oxidizing agent, such as an injector for air enriched with oxygen, or an oxygen injector.
  • the flame detector is preferably an optical detector, and in particular an optical detector selected from amongst ultraviolet detectors, infrared detectors, and visible radiation detectors.
  • the combustible material which is injected into the combustion chamber can be a gaseous, liquid or solid fuel (for example: natural gas, liquid fuel, propane, bio-fuel, powdered coal), or a combination of several fuels.
  • This combustible material can be injected in addition to the combustible material which is introduced into the combustion chamber together with the load, and can be mixed together with the load before the load is introduced into the combustion chamber, and/or it can form an intrinsic part of the load.
  • the main oxidizing agent can be air, air enriched with oxygen, pure oxygen (which by definition has an oxygen content of 88% to 100% by volume), or a mixture of oxygen and recycled fumes. In the latter cases (air enriched with oxygen, and in particular pure oxygen or a mixture of oxygen and recycled fumes), there is the benefit of a reduced volume of fumes and consumption of fuel.
  • the invention is particularly useful for fuel-fired furnaces which are used for the secondary smelting of metals.
  • Secondary smelting designates the smelting of recycled materials or materials which are obtained from primary metallurgy (for example: cast iron which is obtained from a blast furnace).
  • the metals considered are for example: cast iron, lead, aluminum, copper, or any other metal which can be smelted in a fuel-fired furnace.
  • the metal load can also be loaded into the furnace mixed with combustible materials consisting of a high proportion of carbon (plastic, coke, etc.). These combustible materials can be present in the metal load (for example in the case of recycling of aluminum) and/or added intentionally to the load for the requirements of the smelting process (for example in the case of the de-oxidation reaction for the recycling of lead).
  • FIG. 1 represents schematically a fuel-fired smelting furnace according to the invention.
  • the furnace is more particularly a rotary furnace for the secondary smelting of lead with a combustion chamber 2 with a capacity of 15 t.
  • the furnace is equipped with a natural gas/oxygen burner 24 which generates the flame 11 in the combustion chamber 2 .
  • the power of the burner 24 and the ratio of oxygen to natural gas are controlled by the automatism of the furnace (control device 20 connected to the oxygen flow rate regulator 15 and to the natural gas flow rate regulator 17 ) according to the progress of the heating cycle, as described hereinafter.
  • the load 30 is constituted by lead waste obtained from crushed motor vehicle batteries.
  • a significant part of this lead is in the form of an “paste” of lead oxide (PbO, PbO 2 , etc.) and lead sulfate (PbSO 4 , etc.).
  • PbO, PbO 2 , etc. lead oxide
  • PbSO 4 lead sulfate
  • the lead recycling process consists of heating the load 30 , then keeping the load hot in contact with the reagents in order to obtain liquid lead 4 and slag which fixes the impurities and sulfur which are present in the lead sulfate.
  • the furnace functions discontinuously.
  • the combustion chamber 2 is loaded at the beginning of each cycle.
  • the burner 24 is then lit, and its power is modulated by the control device 20 , such that the temperature of the load follows a heating cycle which has been determined empirically.
  • This reaction produces CO and H 2 from the following reaction between part of the fumes and part of the carbon of the load, the mechanisms of which can be presented schematically as follows:
  • the burner 24 In order to limit the formation of CO in the atmosphere of the chamber 2 , it is possible to pre-regulate the burner 24 so as to inject an excess of oxygen into the chamber 2 .
  • the level of reaction of the carbon which is present in the solid load 30 with the atmosphere of the furnace varies according to the different parameters of the process, such as, in particular, the composition of the load which varies according to the origin of the batches to be recycled.
  • the power of the burner 24 will be regulated for example to between 1 and 1.5 MW, according to the progress of the heating cycle. In the middle of the cycle, the burner is for example regulated for a power of 1.3 MW with the following flow rates:
  • the CO and H 2 of the fumes burn together with the dilution air in the flame 12 inside the flue 13 which comprises a bend downstream and in the vicinity of the chamber 2 .
  • the dilution air is ambient air which enters into the flue 13 via the opening 14 which is provided for this purpose downstream from the bend.
  • This dilution air permits the combustion of the CO into CO 2 and the cooling of the fumes before the filtering (not illustrated) which precedes the discharge of the fumes.
  • An excessively high level of CO in the fumes 6 has several disadvantages:
  • the detection according to the invention by means of the UV detector 10 from the range D-LX100 sold by the company Durag, of the intensity of flame 12 from the combustion of the mixture CO+H 2 with the dilution air just after the outlet 5 from the furnace, makes it possible to correct the regulation of the burner 24 by acting on the ratio of oxygen to natural gas.
  • the detector 10 transmits to the control device 20 a signal corresponding to the detected flame intensity.
  • the bend of the flue 13 and the positioning of the UV detector 10 relative to said bend assures that the UV detector 10 detects only the intensity of flame 12 inside the flue 13 , without interference of the UV radiation of the combustion inside the combustion chamber 2 .
  • the invention makes it possible for example to:
  • the burner 24 injects 70 Nm3/h of oxygen which is in excess relative to the initial regulation. This excess of oxygen is then available for the combustion inside the furnace 2 , of the combustible materials released by the load.
  • This regulation of the ratio of oxygen to natural gas is carried out dynamically according to the intensity of the post-combustion of the fumes in the flue 13 (detected intensity of flame 12 ).
  • the energy performance of the furnace 2 is thus significantly improved, and efficient treatment of the fumes, and in particular filtering of the fumes, is assured.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
US13/642,683 2010-04-23 2011-03-30 Fuel-Fired Furnace and Method for Controlling Combustion in a Fuel-Fired Furnace Abandoned US20130115560A1 (en)

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FR1053147A FR2959298B1 (fr) 2010-04-23 2010-04-23 Four a flamme et procede de regulation de la combustion dans un four a flamme
PCT/FR2011/050703 WO2011131880A1 (fr) 2010-04-23 2011-03-30 Four à flamme et procédé de régulation de la combustion dans un four à flamme

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US20160076765A1 (en) * 2014-09-11 2016-03-17 Joachim Goldbach Method for combusting exhaust gas with oxygen feed line
CN111121872A (zh) * 2019-12-27 2020-05-08 液化空气(中国)投资有限公司 一种能够实时监控、调节炉内燃烧状况的装置和方法
CN111750351A (zh) * 2019-03-26 2020-10-09 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 用于自动地调整火焰以适应不同操作条件的方法和设备
EP4033149A1 (fr) * 2021-01-22 2022-07-27 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Surveillance de matières combustibles dans un flux gazeux

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PL2664884T3 (pl) 2012-05-18 2020-02-28 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Sposób i urządzenie do podgrzewania metali
CN103363540B (zh) * 2013-06-21 2016-04-27 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 一种电站锅炉低负荷运行下的升温补燃系统
JP6547690B2 (ja) * 2016-06-13 2019-07-24 トヨタ自動車株式会社 ダイカスト戻し材の溶解方法
DE102017007799A1 (de) * 2017-08-17 2019-02-21 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Ofenanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Ofens
AU2018410969B2 (en) * 2018-03-02 2022-06-02 Praxair Technology, Inc. Flame image analysis for furnace combustion control
GB2588775A (en) * 2019-11-05 2021-05-12 Edwards Ltd Optimising operating conditions in an abatement apparatus
CN112066407B (zh) * 2020-09-11 2023-03-28 富士特锅炉(天津)有限公司 一种切向扩散耦合烟气外循环多元可调低氮燃烧设备
RU2755239C1 (ru) * 2021-03-02 2021-09-14 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЭР ЛИКИД" Топливно-кислородная горелка для плавильной печи, система и способ управления розжигом и контролем пламени такой горелки
CN114046501A (zh) * 2021-11-16 2022-02-15 上海德律风置业有限公司 一种具有提高锅炉低氨燃烧装置
EP4202297A1 (fr) 2021-12-21 2023-06-28 L'Air Liquide, société anonyme pour l'Étude et l'Exploitation des procédés Georges Claude Procédé de combustion

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US20160076765A1 (en) * 2014-09-11 2016-03-17 Joachim Goldbach Method for combusting exhaust gas with oxygen feed line
CN111750351A (zh) * 2019-03-26 2020-10-09 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 用于自动地调整火焰以适应不同操作条件的方法和设备
CN111121872A (zh) * 2019-12-27 2020-05-08 液化空气(中国)投资有限公司 一种能够实时监控、调节炉内燃烧状况的装置和方法
US12338997B2 (en) 2019-12-27 2025-06-24 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Apparatus and method capable of monitoring and adjusting in-furnace combustion conditions in real time
EP4033149A1 (fr) * 2021-01-22 2022-07-27 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Surveillance de matières combustibles dans un flux gazeux
WO2022157304A1 (fr) * 2021-01-22 2022-07-28 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Surveillance de matière combustible dans un flux gazeux
CN116783426A (zh) * 2021-01-22 2023-09-19 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 监测气态流中的可燃物质

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BR112012027190B1 (pt) 2020-11-03
CN102859307B (zh) 2015-08-19
TR201809425T4 (tr) 2018-07-23
CA2797168C (fr) 2018-07-03
EP2561295B1 (fr) 2018-05-16
FR2959298A1 (fr) 2011-10-28
ES2675910T5 (en) 2025-05-30
EP2561295B2 (fr) 2025-04-02
CA2797168A1 (fr) 2011-10-27
CN102859307A (zh) 2013-01-02
WO2011131880A1 (fr) 2011-10-27
EP2561295A1 (fr) 2013-02-27
BR112012027190A2 (pt) 2016-07-19
RU2012149939A (ru) 2014-05-27
JP2013530366A (ja) 2013-07-25
ES2675910T3 (es) 2018-07-13
PL2561295T3 (pl) 2018-11-30
FR2959298B1 (fr) 2012-09-21

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