Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
  • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads
  • A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
  • D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
  • D01F6/46—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyolefins
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
  • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads
  • A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
  • A61F13/51113—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin comprising an additive, e.g. lotion or odour control
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
  • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
  • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
  • D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D01F6/04—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
  • D04H1/4291—Olefin series
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
  • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
  • D04H3/007—Addition polymers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
  • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
  • D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
  • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads
  • A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
  • A61F13/51121—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by the material
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2509/00—Medical; Hygiene
  • D10B2509/02—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
  • D10B2509/026—Absorbent pads; Tampons; Laundry; Towels
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]

Definitions

• the present invention relates to fibers which suppress the growth of harmful bacteria and reduce the occurrence of skin rashes and which are suitably used in products such as top sheets of hygiene materials such as disposable diapers and sanitary items, and to nonwoven fabrics including such fibers.
• Nonwoven fabrics obtained from olefin polymers typically polypropylene, have excellent breathability, flexibility and lightweight properties and have been used widely in various applications including hygiene materials. Thus, the nonwoven fabrics require specific properties in accordance with the applications, and demands have been placed on the improvements of such properties.
• nonwoven fabrics used in hygiene materials such as disposable diapers require skin-friendly flexibility, quick urine absorption, breathability to release humidity, and antimicrobial properties to prevent skin rashes and foul odor due to bacteria and the like.
• skin rashes are very stressful to users.
• various remedies have been studied to suppress the growth of bacteria responsible for rashes as well as the occurrence of foul odor.
• skin is weakly acidic, rendering the skin environment mildly acidic promotes the growth of skin-friendly bacteria and can consequently suppress the growth of bacteria harmful to the skin, thereby reducing the occurrence of bacterial skin rashes.
• Patent Literature 1 JP-A-2003-516778 discloses an approach in which a nonwoven fabric is impregnated with citric acid or sodium citrate as a pH control agent to maintain a pH environment similar to the pH of skin in contact with the nonwoven fabric. Because citric acid described in Patent Literature 1 is water soluble, however, the pH control agent such as citric acid is eluted and migrates toward an absorbent upon contact with urine. Thus, maintaining the pH is difficult.
• Patent Literature 2 JP-A-2004-176225 discloses an approach which utilizes a deodorant fiber having a fiber treatment agent attached to the fiber, the fiber treatment agent including an amphoteric betaine compound, an adduct of a nonionic surfactant with an alkylene oxide, and/or an anionic surfactant such as a carboxylate salt. Because the fiber treatment agent in Patent Literature 2 is attached onto the fiber by application, a contact with urine results in the fiber treatment agent being partially eluted and migrating toward an absorbent. Thus, similarly to Patent Literature 1, this approach is not satisfactory in terms of the durability of effects.
• JP-A-2005-530857 proposes a method utilizing an antimicrobial composition comprising an antimicrobial active and an anionic surfactant
• JP-A-2002-505918 proposes an approach utilizing a skin care composition comprising a proton donating active component.
• any of these remedies have a problem in that effects are decreased with time.
• a method utilizing an antimicrobial composition can reduce the bacterial growth temporarily by antimicrobial effects, the antimicrobial agents suppress not only the growth of harmful bacteria but also the growth of beneficial bacteria, resulting in the proliferation of harmful bacteria.
• the suppressive effects for diaper skin rashes in the art have been unsatisfactory and are to be improved.
• the present inventors carried out studies in order to develop fibers which can suppress the growth of harmful bacteria and can continuously suppress the occurrence of skin rashes and which are suitably used in top sheets or second sheets of hygiene materials such as disposable diapers and sanitary items, as well as to develop nonwoven fabrics including such fibers.
• the present inventors have found that the above object can be accomplished with fibers obtained from an olefin polymer composition including an acid-form anionic surfactant, and with nonwoven fabrics including such fibers.
• the present invention provides a fiber which includes an olefin polymer composition including 100 parts by weight of an olefin polymer and 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of an acid-form anionic surfactant, the acid-form anionic surfactant having been melt kneaded in the fiber.
• Fibers of the invention and nonwoven fabrics including the fibers suppress the growth of harmful bacteria when used in hygiene materials such as diapers, and exhibit high durability of suppressive effects for skin rashes.
• Olefin polymers which form the inventive fibers and nonwoven fabrics including the fibers are homopolymers or copolymers of ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and 1-octene.
• ethylene polymers for example, ethylene homopolymers or ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymers such as high-pressure low-density polyethylenes, linear low-density polyethylenes (LLDPE), high-density polyethylenes, ethylene/propylene random copolymers and ethylene/1-butene random copolymers; propylene polymers such as propylene homopolymers (polypropylenes), propylene/ethylene random copolymers, propylene/ethylene/1-butene random copolymers (random polypropylenes), propylene block copolymers and propylene/1-butene random copolymers; 1-butene polymers such as 1-butene homopolymers, 1-butene/ethylene copolymers and 1-butene/propylene copolymers; and poly(4-methyl-1-pentene).
• ethylene polymers for example, ethylene homopolymers or ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymers such as high
• propylene polymers are preferable because of excellent spinning stability during forming and good workability of nonwoven fabrics as well as because the obtainable nonwoven fabrics exhibit excellent breathability, flexibility, lightweight properties and heat resistance.
• the olefin polymers in the invention may be blended with common additives or polymers other than the olefin polymers as required while still achieving the object of the invention.
• exemplary additives include hydrophilicity enhancing or suppressing auxiliaries, antioxidants, weathering stabilizers, light stabilizers, antiblocking agents, lubricants, nucleating agents, pigments, softeners, water repellants, fillers and antimicrobial agents.
• a preferred propylene polymer in the present invention is a propylene homopolymer or a copolymer of propylene and a small amount of one, or two or more kinds of ⁇ -olefins having 2 or more carbon atoms (except the C3 olefin), and preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms (except the C3 olefin) such as ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene and 4-methyl-1-pentene, and usually has a melting point (Tm) of not less than 125° C., and preferably in the range of 130 to 165° C.
• Tm melting point
• the melt flow rate (MFR: ASTM D-1238, 230° C., 2160 g load) of the propylene polymer in the invention is not particularly limited as long as melt spinning is feasible.
• the melt flow rate is usually in the range of 1 to 1000 g/10 min, preferably 5 to 500 g/10 min, and more preferably 10 to 100 g/10 min.
• propylene/ ⁇ -olefin random copolymers of propylene and a small amount of one, or two or more kinds of ⁇ -olefins having 2 or more carbon atoms, and preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene and 4-methyl-1-pentene, with a melting point (Tm) in the range of 125 to 155° C., and preferably 130 to 147° C.
• Tm melting point
• the use of such copolymers results in nonwoven fabrics exhibiting excellent flexibility and initial hydrophilicity.
• the content of ⁇ -olefins is not particularly limited as long as the melting point (Tm) is in the above range, but is usually in the range of 1 to 10 mol %, and more preferably 1 to 5 mol %.
• An acid-form anionic surfactant in the present invention is an anionic surfactant which can act as an acid in the presence of water or moisture.
• an acid-form anionic surfactant having weak acidity is preferable as the acid-form anionic surfactant because it has a buffering capacity to reduce a change in pH.
• fatty acids and acid-form phosphate ester surfactants are preferable.
• the surfactants are of acid-form, incompletely neutralized salts, for example, partially neutralized salts such as monoalkyl phosphate ester salts may be used.
• the acid-form anionic surfactants in the invention are anionic surfactants having an aliphatic hydrocarbon group in which a hydrophobic group usually has not less than 8 carbon atoms, and in order to achieve better melt kneading properties and stable operation properties during extrusion, preferably not less than 9 carbon atoms, more preferably not less than 12 carbon atoms, and still more preferably not less than 13 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably anionic surfactants having an aliphatic hydrocarbon group with 18 to 28 carbon atoms; or preferably fatty acids having not less than 9 carbon atoms, preferably not less than 12 carbon atoms, more preferably not less than 13 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 18 to 28 carbon atoms; or phosphate ester surfactants in which a hydrophobic group preferably has not less than 9 carbon atoms, more preferably not less than 12 carbon atoms, still more preferably not less than 13 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 18 to 28 carbon atoms.
• phosphate ester surfactants examples include alkyl phosphate esters which are esters formed between aliphatic alcohols and phosphoric acid; alkyl ether phosphate esters which are esters formed between adducts of aliphatic alcohols with alkylene oxides and phosphoric acid; and alkyl phenyl ether phosphate esters which are esters formed between adducts of aromatic alcohols with alkylene oxides and phosphoric acid.
• fatty acids or acid-form phosphate ester surfactants with 18 to 28 carbon atoms may be alkyl phosphate esters which are esters formed between aliphatic alcohols having 18 to 28 carbon atoms and phosphoric acid; alkyl ether phosphate esters which are esters formed between adducts of aliphatic alcohols having 18 to 28 carbon atoms with alkylene oxides and phosphoric acid; alkyl phenyl ether phosphate esters which are esters formed between adducts of aromatic alcohols having 18 to 28 carbon atoms with alkylene oxides and phosphoric acid; or mixtures thereof.
• Fatty acids with 9 or more carbon atoms, acid-form phosphate ester surfactants with 9 or more carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof are preferable because better melt kneading properties can be obtained as well as because the acid-form anionic surfactants are suppressed from being eluted from nonwoven fabrics and the durability of effects is improved.
• fatty acids in the invention include saturated fatty acids such as myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and montanic acid, and unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, linolenic acid and nervonic acid.
• acid-form phosphate ester surfactants in the invention include alkyl phosphate esters such as monostearyl phosphate ester, distearyl phosphate ester, monobehenyl phosphate ester, dibehenyl phosphate ester, monocetyl phosphate ester, dicetyl phosphate ester, monolauryl phosphate ester, dilauryl phosphate ester, monooctyl phosphate ester and dioctyl phosphate ester; alkyl ether phosphate esters such as mono(polyoxyethylene stearyl ether) phosphate ester, di(polyoxyethylene stearyl ether) phosphate ester, mono(polyoxyethylene lauryl ether) phosphate ester and di(polyoxyethylene lauryl ether) phosphate ester; and alkylphenyl ether phosphate esters such as mono(polyoxyethylene stearylphenyl ether)
• acid-form anionic surfactants the acid-form phosphate ester surfactants are particularly preferable.
• nonionic surfactants may be used as the nonionic surfactants in the invention without limitation as long as the addition of such nonionic surfactants results in fibers exhibiting hydrophilicity on the surface.
• specific examples of the nonionic surfactants include fatty acid glycerides, alkoxylated alkylphenols, polyoxyalkylene fatty acid esters, alkyl polyoxyethylene alcohols, fatty acid amides, polyoxyalkylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, fatty acid alkanolamides, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyalkylene alkylphenyl ethers, alkyl polyglucosides, fatty acid diethanolamides and alkyl monoglyceryl ethers.
• An olefin polymer composition in the invention includes 100 parts by weight of the olefin polymer and 0.1 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 15 parts by weight, and more preferably 1.5 to 10 parts by weight of the acid-form anionic surfactant.
• the amount of the acid-form anionic surfactant is less than 0.1 part by weight, the environment around the fibers will not be adequately rendered weakly acidic. As a result, nonwoven fabrics including such fibers may fail to reduce the occurrence of rashes when used in hygiene materials such as sanitary items and diapers.
• the upper limit of the amount is not particularly limited. However, any amount exceeding 30 parts by weight results in the saturation of the effects of rendering the environment around the fibers weakly acidic as well as in an increase in the amount of the acid-form anionic surfactant exuding to the surface of the obtainable fibers and nonwoven fabrics including the fibers, thus deteriorating forming processability.
• masterbatch pellets may be formed which contain the acid-form anionic surfactant at a high concentration exceeding 5 wt %, for example, 10 to 40 wt %.
• This masterbatching advantageously facilitates the addition of the acid-form anionic surfactant and the mixing thereof with the olefin polymer in the production of fibers and nonwoven fabrics.
• An olefin polymer mixed with the acid-form anionic surfactant to give the masterbatch may be any of the olefin polymers described above or any of other olefin polymers.
• the MFR of the olefin polymer used in the masterbatch may be selected appropriately in accordance with the target fibers and nonwoven fabrics including the fibers.
• the inventive olefin polymer composition may contain usual additives or polymers other than the olefin polymers as required while still achieving the object of the invention.
• exemplary additives include antioxidants, weathering stabilizers, light stabilizers, antiblocking agents, lubricants, nucleating agents and pigments.
• Fibers of the invention and nonwoven fabrics including the fibers are formed of the olefin polymer composition containing the olefin polymer, the acid-form anionic surfactant, and preferably the nonionic surfactant.
• fibers in which the acid-form anionic surfactant has been melt kneaded in the olefin polymer advantageously exhibit prolonged effects of reducing the occurrence of skin rashes.
• this surfactant may be melt kneaded together with the acid-form anionic surfactant. This configuration improves melt kneading properties and allows the nonionic surfactant and the acid-form anionic surfactant to be dispersed uniformly on the surface of fibers.
• the inventive fibers usually have a fineness in the range of 0.5 to 5 d.
• the inventive fibers may be discontinuous fibers, or may be preferably continuous fibers due to advantages such as no fiber detachment from the nonwoven fabrics.
• the inventive fibers may have a circular cross section or a modified cross section such as a V-shaped, X-shaped or T-shaped cross section.
• the fibers of the invention may be side-by-side crimped fibers which are formed of olefin polymer compositions including at least two or more components.
• Preferred configurations include side-by-side crimped fibers formed of a propylene homopolymer and a propylene/ethylene random copolymer as the olefin polymers.
• the fibers of the invention may be concentric or eccentric fibers.
• the acid-form anionic surfactant and preferably the nonionic surfactant may be added to both or one of the core and the sheath.
• inventive fibers may be mixed with other fibers to form mixed fiber nonwoven fabrics.
• inventive fibers such as the above crimped fibers may be mixed with other uncrimped fibers to form mixed fiber nonwoven fabrics.
• the nonwoven fabrics of the invention usually have a basis weight in the range of 10 to 30 g/m 2 , and preferably 15 to 25 g/m 2 .
• the nonwoven fabrics of the invention may be entangled by various known entangling methods, for example, by needle punching, water jetting or ultrasonicating or by partial thermal fusion bonding through hot embossing with an embossing roll or by blowing of hot air through the fibers.
• entangling methods may be used singly, or a plurality of these entangling methods may be used in combination.
• the emboss area percentage is usually in the range of 3 to 30%, and preferably 5 to 20%.
• Exemplary shapes of the bosses include round shapes, elliptical shapes, oval shapes, square shapes, rhombic shapes, rectangular shapes, quadrangular shapes, quilt shapes, grid shapes, tortoiseshell shapes, and continuous shapes based on these shapes.
• nonwoven fabrics of the invention may be used singly or as laminates (stacks) in combination with other layers.
• additional layers laminated with the inventive nonwoven fabrics include knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, films and paper products.
• Such additional layers may be laminated (bonded) to the nonwoven fabrics of the invention by any of various known methods, for example, thermal fusion bonding methods such as hot embossing and ultrasonic fusion bonding, mechanical entangling methods such as needle punching and water jetting, bonding methods with adhesives such as hot melt adhesives and urethane adhesives, and extrusion lamination.
• the nonwoven fabrics of the invention maintain rash suppressive effects even after subjected to steps bringing the nonwoven fabrics into contact with high-temperature substances such as hot melt adhesives or during extrusion lamination. Thus, high convenience can be obtained in controlling product quality.
• the nonwoven fabrics laminated to the nonwoven fabrics of the invention may be any of various known nonwoven fabrics such as spunbonded nonwoven fabrics, meltblown nonwoven fabrics, wet nonwoven fabrics, dry nonwoven fabrics, dry pulp nonwoven fabrics, flash-spun nonwoven fabrics and split-fiber nonwoven fabrics.
• Exemplary materials for such nonwoven fabrics include various known thermoplastic resins, for example, polyolefins which are homopolymers and copolymers of ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and 1-octene, with specific examples including high-pressure low-density polyethylenes, linear low-density polyethylenes (LLDPE), high-density polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polypropylene random copolymers, poly(1-butene), poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), ethylene/propylene random copolymers, ethylene/1-butene random copolymers and propylene/1-butene random copolymers, polyesters (such as polyethylene terephthalates, polybutylene terephthalates and polyethylene naphthalates), polyamides (such as nylon-6, nylon-66 and poly(meta-xylene adipamide), polyvinyl chlor
• preferred resins include high-pressure low-density polyethylenes, linear low-density polyethylenes (LLDPE), high-density polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polypropylene random copolymers, polyethylene terephthalates and polyamides.
• LLDPE linear low-density polyethylenes
• polypropylenes polypropylene random copolymers
• polyethylene terephthalates polyamides.
• the obtainable laminates exhibit excellent flexibility, bulkiness and touch.
• stretched nonwoven fabrics composed of mixed fibers of continuous thermoplastic resin fibers and continuous thermoplastic elastomer fibers are laminated to the inventive nonwoven fabrics, the obtainable laminates exhibit excellent stretchability in addition to the above properties.
• the fineness be in the range of 0.5 to 3 d and the basis weight be in the range of 7 to 50 g/m 2 .
• the inventive nonwoven fabrics are used in absorbent-wrapping sheets (core wraps) in absorptive articles
• the inventive nonwoven fabrics may be used as laminates in combination with the above-described meltblown nonwoven fabrics.
• the films laminated to the nonwoven fabrics of the invention are preferably breathable (moisture permeable) films in order to better take advantage of rash suppressive effects that are characteristics of the inventive nonwoven fabrics.
• breathable films may be used, with examples including moisture permeable films of thermoplastic elastomers such as polyurethane elastomers, polyester elastomers and polyamide elastomers; and porous films obtained by drawing thermoplastic resin films containing inorganic or organic fine particles to create pores in the films.
• thermoplastic resins used for the porous films are polyolefins such as high-pressure low-density polyethylenes, linear low-density polyethylenes (LLDPE), high-density polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polypropylene random copolymers, and compositions of these resins.
• polyolefins such as high-pressure low-density polyethylenes, linear low-density polyethylenes (LLDPE), high-density polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polypropylene random copolymers, and compositions of these resins.
• inventive nonwoven fabrics may be subjected to secondary processing such as gear processing, printing, coating, lamination, heat treatment or shaping processing while still achieving the object of the invention.
• the nonwoven fabrics may be produced by any of various known processes such as wet processes and dry processes (carding).
• Continuous fiber nonwoven fabrics according to the present invention may be produced by any of various known nonwoven fabric producing processes.
• a spunbonding process is preferable because of excellent productivity.
• an inventive continuous fiber nonwoven fabric including monofilaments of the olefin polymer composition may be produced in the following manner.
• the composition is molten in a single extruder at 180 to 250° C., preferably 190 to 230° C., and is extruded through a spinneret with spinning nozzles that has been set at 180 to 250° C., preferably 190 to 230° C., at a throughput per orifice of 0.4 to 1.5 g/min, preferably 0.5 to 0.8 g/min, thereby spinning fibers.
• the fibers that have been spun are cooled with cooling air at 10 to 40° C., preferably 20 to 40° C., and are attenuated to a desired fineness with high velocity air at 2000 to 7000 m/min, preferably 3000 to 6000 m/min.
• the fibers are then deposited onto a collection belt to a desired thickness (basis weight) and are entangled by an entangling method such as needle punching, water jetting or ultrasonicating, or by partial thermal fusion bonding through hot embossing with an embossing roll or by blowing of hot air through the fibers.
• Absorptive articles according to the invention utilize the aforementioned nonwoven fabrics, preferably continuous fiber nonwoven fabrics, in top sheets and/or second sheets, or absorbent-wrapping sheets (core wraps).
• examples of the inventive absorptive articles include disposable diapers, underwear or sanitary items, urine collection pads, and pet sheets.
• the olefin polymer composition when the nonwoven fabrics including fibers of the olefin polymer composition are used in top sheets, second sheets or absorbent-wrapping sheets (core wraps) in disposable diapers, the olefin polymer composition preferably includes 0.5 to 30 parts by weight of the acid-form anionic surfactant, or 0.5 to 30 parts by weight of the acid-form anionic surfactant plus 0.5 to 30 parts by weight of the nonionic surfactant, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the olefin polymer.
• a composition was prepared as described below which contained 100 parts by weight of an olefin polymer and an amount described in Table 1 of an acid-form anionic surfactant or a nonionic surfactant.
• 10 Parts by weight of stearic acid product name: LUNAC S-90V manufactured by Kao Corporation
• 10 parts by weight of an adduct of stearyl alcohol with ethylene oxide IRGASURF HL560 manufactured by BASF (former Ciba)
• pellets of a masterbatch were prepared.
• the composition 1 was melt spun by a spunbonding process to form a continuous fiber nonwoven fabric.
• the nonwoven fabric was subjected to hot embossing using an embossing roll with rhombic bosses having an emboss area percentage of 18% and an emboss area (an area per boss) of 0.41 mm 2 , at an embossing roll temperature and a flat roll temperature of 125° C. and a linear pressure of 60 N/mm.
• a continuous fiber nonwoven fabric with a basis weight of 20 g/m 2 was obtained.
• the obtained continuous fiber nonwoven fabric was tested by the above rash evaluation method to evaluate the extent of rashes. The results are described in Table 1.
• Continuous fiber nonwoven fabrics were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the following compounds were used as the acid-form anionic surfactant and the nonionic surfactant, as well as that the amounts were changed as described in Table 1.
• the obtained continuous fiber nonwoven fabrics were tested by the above rash evaluation method to evaluate the extent of rashes. The results are described in Table 1.
• the composition 2 was placed into a single screw extruder (screw diameter 30 mm, L/D—30) and was molten by heating with a throughput of 4.4 kg/hr at a resin temperature of 200° C.
• the composition 2 was engaged with the screw of the extruder as excellently as when the surfactants were not added.
• the composition 2 was melt spun by a spunbonding process to form a continuous fiber nonwoven fabric.
• the nonwoven fabric was subjected to hot embossing using an embossing roll with rhombic bosses having an emboss area percentage of 18% and an emboss area (an area per boss) of 0.41 mm 2 , at an embossing roll temperature and a flat roll temperature of 125° C. and a linear pressure of 60 N/mm.
• a continuous fiber nonwoven fabric with a basis weight of 20 g/m 2 was obtained.
• the obtained continuous fiber nonwoven fabric was tested by the above rash evaluation method to evaluate the extent of rashes. The results are described in Table 1.
• Continuous fiber nonwoven fabrics were obtained in the same manner as in Example 7, except that the following compounds were used as the acid-form anionic surfactants while the nonionic surfactants used in Example 7 were not changed, as well as that the amounts were changed as described in Table 1.
• the obtained continuous fiber nonwoven fabrics were tested by the above rash evaluation method to evaluate the extent of rashes. The results are described in Table 1.
• Octyl phosphoric acid (C8) manufactured by TAKEMOTO OIL & FAT CO., LTD.
• a continuous fiber nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the nonionic surfactant used in Example 1 alone was added and any acid-form anionic surfactants were not added.
• the obtained continuous fiber nonwoven fabric was tested by the above rash evaluation method to evaluate the extent of rashes. The results are described in Table 2.
• Citric acid (C6) reagent manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
• Octylic acid (C8) reagent manufactured by KH Neochem Co., Ltd.
• Nonionic surfactants Rash Amt. Amt. evaluation Comp. Number of carbon (wt. (wt. 1 Min 30 Min Ex. Process Types atoms pts.) Types pts.) soak soak 1 Kneading EO adduct of stearyl alcohol 4 6 6 2 Application Na stearate C18 4 EO adduct of stearyl alcohol 4 6 6 3 Application Citric acid C6 4 4 6 4 Application Octylic acid C8 4 5 6 5 Application Stearyl alcohol C18 4 6 6 6 Application Dodecyl C12 1 Poly(oxyethylene) 1,6-hexanediol 3 1 4 phosphoric acid dilaurate Poly(oxyethylene) sorbitan 0.2 trioleate ester
• the fibers of the present invention and the nonwoven fabrics including the fibers can be suitably used as top sheets or second sheets of hygiene materials such as disposable diapers and sanitary items.

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