US20140154206A1 - Immunity induction agent - Google Patents

Immunity induction agent Download PDF

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US20140154206A1
US20140154206A1 US14/118,417 US201214118417A US2014154206A1 US 20140154206 A1 US20140154206 A1 US 20140154206A1 US 201214118417 A US201214118417 A US 201214118417A US 2014154206 A1 US2014154206 A1 US 2014154206A1
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polypeptide
cancer
immunity
cells
inducing agent
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Akira Kurihara
Fumiyoshi Okano
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Toray Industries Inc
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Toray Industries Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7088—Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/19—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
    • A61K38/20—Interleukins [IL]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/19—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
    • A61K38/21—Interferons [IFN]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/44—Oxidoreductases (1)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
    • A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/39—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the immunostimulating additives, e.g. chemical adjuvants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
    • C12N9/0071—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on paired donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (1.14)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2121/00—Preparations for use in therapy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel immunity-inducing agent useful as a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent for cancer.
  • Cancer is the commonest cause for death among all of the causes for death, and therapies carried out therefor at present are mainly surgical treatment, which may be carried out in combination with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy.
  • therapies carried out therefor at present are mainly surgical treatment, which may be carried out in combination with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy.
  • treatment results of cancers have not been improved very much so far except for some cancers.
  • cancer antigens recognized by cytotoxic T cells reactive with cancers, as well as the genes encoding cancer antigens were identified, and expectations for antigen-specific immunotherapies have been raised.
  • Non-patent Document 1 In immunotherapy, in order to reduce side effects, the peptide or protein to be recognized as the antigen needs to be hardly present in normal cells, and to be specifically present in cancer cells.
  • Boon et al. of Ludwig Institute in Belgium isolated a human melanoma antigen MAGE 1, which is recognized by CD8-positive T cells, by a cDNA-expression cloning method using an autologous cancer cell line and cancer-reactive T cells (Non-patent Document 1).
  • SEREX serological identifications of antigens by recombinant expression cloning
  • Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 introduces a double bond to the C9-C10 position of a saturated fatty acid.
  • Preferred substrates for the enzyme are palmitoyl-CoA (16:0) and stearoyl-CoA (18:0), and these are converted to palmitoleoyl-CoA (16:1) and oleoyl-CoA (18:1), respectively.
  • the obtained monounsaturated fatty acid can then be used in vivo for preparation of phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesteryl esters.
  • Non-patent Documents 3, 4 and 5 there is no report suggesting that SCD1 protein has immunity-inducing activity against cancer cells and hence that the protein is useful for treatment or prophylaxis of cancer.
  • the present invention aims to discover a novel polypeptide useful for a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent for cancer, and to provide the polypeptide for use in an immunity-inducing agent.
  • the present inventors intensively studied to obtain a cDNA encoding a protein which binds to antibodies present in serum derived from a tumor-bearing living body, and, based on the cDNA, a polypeptide of dog stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (hereinafter referred to as SCD1) having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 was prepared. Further, based on human and mouse homologous genes of the obtained gene, human and mouse SCD1s having the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs:4 and 6 were prepared.
  • SCD1 polypeptides are specifically expressed in tissues or cells of breast cancer, brain tumor, colon cancer, perianal adenocarcinoma, mastocytoma, neuroblastoma, renal cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer and leukemia.
  • administration of the SCD1 to a living body enables induction of immunocytes against SCD1 in the living body and regression of a tumor expressing SCD1 in the living body.
  • a recombinant vector which can express a polynucleotide encoding the SCD1 polypeptide or a fragment thereof induces an antitumor effect against cancer expressing SCD1 in a living body.
  • an SCD1 polypeptide has a capacity to be presented by antigen-presenting cells to cause activation and the growth of cytotoxic T cells specific to the peptide (immunity-inducing activity), and therefore that the polypeptide is useful for therapy and/or prophylaxis of cancer. Further, the present inventors discovered that antigen-presenting cells which have contacted with the polypeptide, and T cells which have contacted with the antigen-presenting cells, are useful for therapy and/or prophylaxis of cancer, thereby completing the present invention.
  • the present invention has the following characteristics.
  • An immunity-inducing agent comprising as an effective ingredient(s) at least one polypeptide having immunity-inducing activity selected from the polypeptides (a) to (c) below, and/or a recombinant vector(s) that comprise(s) a polynucleotide(s) encoding the at least one polypeptide, the recombinant vector(s) being capable of expressing the polypeptide(s) in vivo:
  • polypeptide (b) a polypeptide having a sequence identity of not less than 85% to the polypeptide (a) and composed of not less than 7 amino acids;
  • polypeptide comprising the polypeptide (a) or (b) as a partial sequence thereof.
  • the immunity-inducing agent according to (1) wherein the polypeptide having immunity-inducing activity is a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, 2, 22 or 24 in SEQUENCE LISTING.
  • the immunity-inducing agent according to (1) or (2) which is an agent for treating antigen-presenting cells.
  • the immunity-inducing agent according to (1) or (2) which is a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent for a cancer(s).
  • the immunity-inducing agent according to (4) wherein the cancer(s) is/are a cancer(s) expressing SCD1.
  • the immunoenhancer is at least one selected from the group consisting of Freund's incomplete adjuvant; Montanide; poly-LC and derivatives thereof; CpG oligonucleotides; interleukin-12; interleukin-18; interferon- ⁇ ; interferon- ⁇ ; interferon- ⁇ ; interferon- ⁇ ; and Flt3 ligand.
  • a novel immunity-inducing agent useful for therapy, prophylaxis and/or the like of cancer is provided.
  • administration of the polypeptide used in the present invention to a living body enables induction of immunocytes in the living body, and a cancer which has already occurred can be reduced or regressed. Therefore, the polypeptide is useful for therapy and/or prophylaxis of cancer.
  • FIG. 1 shows the expression patterns of the identified SCD1 gene in dog normal tissues, tumor tissues and cancer cell lines.
  • Reference numeral 1 the expression patterns of the dog SCD1 gene in various dog tissues and cell lines;
  • reference numeral 2 the expression patterns of the dog GAPDH gene in various dog tissues and cell lines.
  • FIG. 2 shows the expression patterns of the identified SCD1 gene in human normal tissues, tumor tissues and cancer cell lines.
  • Reference numeral 3 the expression patterns of the human SCD1 gene in various human tissues and cell lines;
  • reference numeral 4 the expression patterns of the human GAPDH gene in various human tissues and cell lines.
  • FIG. 3 shows the expression patterns of the identified SCD1 gene in mouse normal tissues, tumor tissues and cancer cell lines.
  • Reference numeral 5 the expression patterns of the mouse SCD1 gene in various mouse tissues and cell lines;
  • reference numeral 6 the expression patterns of the mouse GAPDH gene in various mouse tissues and cell lines.
  • polypeptide contained in the immunity-inducing agent of the present invention as an effective ingredient examples include the following.
  • polypeptide means a molecule formed by a plurality of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, and includes not only polypeptide molecules having large numbers of amino acids constituting them, but also low-molecular-weight molecules having small numbers of amino acids (oligopeptides), and full-length proteins.
  • the present invention also includes the full-length SCD1 proteins having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, 2, 22 or 24.
  • polypeptide composed of not less than 7 amino acids, which polypeptide has a sequence identity of not less than 85% to the polypeptide (a) and an immunity-inducing activity.
  • polypeptide that comprises the polypeptide (a) or (b) as a partial sequence thereof, and has an immunity-inducing activity.
  • the term “having an amino acid sequence” means that amino acid residues are arrayed in such an order. Therefore, for example, “polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2” means the polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of Met Pro Ala His . . . (snip) . . . Tyr Lys Ser Gly shown in SEQ ID NO:2, which polypeptide has a size of 360 amino acid residues. Further, for example, “polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2” may be referred to as “polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2” for short. This also applies to the term “having a base sequence”. In this case, the term “having” may be replaced with the expression “composed of”.
  • immuno-inducing activity means an ability to induce immunocytes that secrete cytokines such as interferon in a living body.
  • the polypeptide has an immunity-inducing activity can be confirmed using, for example, the known ELISPOT assay. More specifically, for example, as described in the Examples below, cells such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells are obtained from a living body subjected to administration of the polypeptide whose immunity-inducing activity is to be evaluated, and the obtained cells are then cocultured with the polypeptide, followed by measuring the amount(s) of a cytokine(s) produced by the cells using a specific antibody/antibodies, thereby enabling measurement of the number of immunocytes among the cells. By this, evaluation of the immunity-inducing activity is possible.
  • the known ELISPOT assay More specifically, for example, as described in the Examples below, cells such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells are obtained from a living body subjected to administration of the polypeptide whose immunity-inducing activity is to be evaluated, and the obtained cells are then cocultured with the polypeptide, followed by measuring the amount(s) of a cyto
  • the recombinant polypeptide of any of (a) to (c) described above allows regression of the tumor by its immunity-inducing activity.
  • the above immunity-inducing activity can be evaluated also as an ability to suppress the growth of cancer cells or to cause reduction or disappearance of a cancer tissue (tumor) (hereinafter referred to as “antitumor activity”).
  • antitumor activity of a polypeptide can be confirmed by, for example, as more specifically described in the Examples below, observation of whether or not a tumor is reduced when the polypeptide was actually administered to a tumor-bearing living body.
  • the antitumor activity of a polypeptide can be evaluated also by observation of whether or not T cells stimulated with the polypeptide (that is, T cells brought into contact with antigen-presenting cells presenting the polypeptide) show a cytotoxic activity against tumor cells in vitro.
  • the contact between the T cells and the antigen-presenting cells can be carried out by their coculture in a liquid medium, as mentioned below.
  • Measurement of the cytotoxic activity can be carried out by, for example, the known method called 51 Cr release assay described in Int. J. Cancer, 58: p 317, 1994.
  • the evaluation of the immunity-inducing activity is preferably carried out using the antitumor activity as an index, although the index is not limited thereto.
  • Each of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs:2, 4, 22 and 24 in SEQUENCE LISTING disclosed in the present invention is an amino acid sequence of SCD1 that was isolated, by the SEREX method using a dog testis-derived cDNA library and serum of a tumor-bearing dog, as a polypeptide that specifically binds to an antibody existing in the serum of a tumor-bearing dog, or a homologous factor of the polypeptide in human, cow or horse (see Example 1).
  • Human SCD 1 which is the human homologous factor of dog SCD1, has a sequence identity of 89% in terms of the base sequence and 90% in terms of the amino acid sequence
  • bovine SCD1 which is the bovine homologous factor, has a sequence identity of 88% in terms of the base sequence and 87% in terms of the amino acid sequence
  • equine SCD1 which is the equine homologous factor, has a sequence identity of 90% in terms of the base sequence and 87% in terms of the amino acid sequence.
  • the polypeptide (a) is a polypeptide composed of not less than 7 consecutive, preferably 8, 9 or not less than 10 consecutive, amino acids in the polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, 4, 22 or 24, and has an immunity-inducing activity.
  • the polypeptide is more preferably a polypeptide composed of an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of not less than 85% to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, and the polypeptide especially preferably has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, 4, 22 or 24.
  • a polypeptide having not less than about 7 amino acid residues can exert its antigenicity and immunogenicity.
  • a polypeptide having not less than 7 consecutive amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, 4, 22 or 24 can have an immunity-inducing activity, so that the polypeptide can be used for preparation of the immunity-inducing agent of the present invention.
  • a polypeptide is incorporated into an antigen-presenting cell and then degraded into smaller fragments by peptidases in the cell, followed by being presented on the surface of the cell. The fragments are then recognized by a cytotoxic T cell or the like that selectively kills cells presenting the antigen.
  • the size of the polypeptide presented on the surface of the antigen-presenting cell is relatively small and about 7 to 30 amino acids.
  • one preferred mode of the above-described polypeptide (a) is a polypeptide composed of about 7 to 30 consecutive amino acids in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, 4, 22 or 24, and more preferably, a polypeptide composed of about 8 to 30 or about 9 to 30 amino acids is sufficient as the polypeptide (a).
  • these relatively small polypeptides are presented directly on the surface of antigen-presenting cells without being incorporated into the antigen-presenting cells.
  • a polypeptide incorporated into an antigen-presenting cell is cleaved at random sites by peptidases in the cell to yield various polypeptide fragments, which are then presented on the surface of the antigen-presenting cell. Therefore, administration of a large polypeptide such as the full-length region of SEQ ID NO:2, 4, 22 or 24 inevitably causes production of polypeptide fragments by degradation in the antigen-presenting cell, which fragments are effective for immune induction via the antigen-presenting cell. Therefore, also for immune induction via antigen-presenting cells, a large polypeptide can be preferably used, and the polypeptide may be composed of not less than 30, preferably not less than 100, more preferably not less than 200, still more preferably not less than 250 amino acids. The polypeptide may be still more preferably composed of the full-length region of SEQ ID NO:2, 4, 22 or 24.
  • the polypeptide (b) is the same polypeptide as the polypeptide (a) except that a small number of (preferably, one or several) amino acid residues are substituted, deleted and/or inserted, which has a sequence identity of not less than 90%, preferably not less than 95%, more preferably not less than 98%, still more preferably not less than 99% or not less than 99.5% to the original sequence and has an immunity-inducing activity. It is well known in the art that, in general, there are cases where a protein antigen retains almost the same antigenicity as the original protein even if the amino acid sequence of the protein is modified such that a small number of amino acid residues are substituted, deleted and/or inserted.
  • the polypeptide (b) may also exert an immunity-inducing activity, it can be used for preparation of the immunity-inducing agent of the present invention.
  • the polypeptide (b) is also preferably a polypeptide having the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, 4, 22 or 24 except that one or several amino acid residues are substituted, deleted and/or inserted.
  • severe means an integer of 2 to 10, preferably an integer of 2 to 6, more preferably an integer of 2 to 4.
  • sequence identity of amino acid sequences or base sequences means the value calculated by aligning two amino acid sequences (or base sequences) to be compared such that the number of matched amino acid residues (or bases) is maximum between the amino acid sequences (or base sequences), and dividing the number of matched amino acid residues (or the number of matched bases) by the total number of amino acid residues (or the total number of bases), which value is represented as a percentage.
  • sequences is carried out, one or more gaps are inserted into one or both of the two sequences to be compared as required.
  • Such alignment of sequences can be carried out using a well-known program such as BLAST, PASTA or CLUSTAL W.
  • the above-described total number of amino acid residues is the number of residues calculated by counting one gap as one amino acid residue.
  • sequence identity % is calculated by dividing the number of matched amino acid residues by the total number of amino acid residues in the longer sequence.
  • the 20 types of amino acids constituting naturally occurring proteins may be classified into groups in each of which similar properties are shared, for example, into neutral amino acids with side chains having low polarity (Gly, Ile, Val, Leu, Ala, Met, Pro), neutral amino acids having hydrophilic side chains (Asn, Gln, Thr, Ser, Tyr, Cys), acidic amino acids (Asp, Glu), basic amino acids (Arg, Lys, His) and aromatic amino acids (Phe, Tyr, Trp).
  • substitution of an amino acid within the same group does not change the properties of the polypeptide. Therefore, in cases where an amino acid residue in the polypeptide (a) of the present invention is substituted, the probability that the immunity-inducing activity can be maintained may be increased by carrying out the substitution within the same group, which is preferred.
  • the polypeptide (c) is a polypeptide that comprises the polypeptide (a) or (b) as a partial sequence and has an immunity-inducing activity. That is, the polypeptide (c) is a polypeptide in which one or more amino acids and/or one or more polypeptides is added at one or both ends of the polypeptide (a) or (b), and has an immunity-inducing activity. Such a polypeptide can also be used for preparation of the immunity-inducing agent of the present invention.
  • polypeptides can be synthesized by, for example, a chemical synthesis method such as the Fmoc method (fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl method) or the tBoc method (t-butyloxycarbonyl method). Further, they can be synthesized by conventional methods using various types of commercially available peptide synthesizers. Further, the polypeptide of interest can be obtained using known genetic engineering techniques by preparing a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide and incorporating the polynucleotide into an expression vector, followed by introducing the resulting vector into a host cell and allowing the host cell to produce the polypeptide therein.
  • Fmoc method fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl method
  • tBoc method t-butyloxycarbonyl method
  • the polynucleotide encoding the above polypeptide can be easily prepared by a known genetic engineering technique or a conventional method using a commercially available nucleic acid synthesizer.
  • DNA having the base sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 can be prepared by carrying out PCR using a dog chromosomal DNA or cDNA library as a template, and a pair of primers designed such that the base sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 can be amplified therewith.
  • DNA having the base sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 can be similarly prepared by using a human chromosomal DNA or cDNA library as the template.
  • the reaction conditions for the PCR can be set appropriately, and examples of the reaction conditions include, but are not limited to, repeating the reaction process of 94° C.
  • the desired DNA can be isolated by preparing an appropriate probe or primer based on the information of the base sequence or the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or 3 in SEQUENCE LISTING in the present description, and screening a cDNA library of dog, human or the like using the probe or primer.
  • the cDNA library is preferably prepared from cells, an organ or a tissue expressing the protein of SEQ ID NO:2 or 4.
  • a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide (b) or polypeptide (c) can also be easily specified, such a polynucleotide can also be easily synthesized using a commercially available nucleic acid synthesizer according to a conventional method.
  • the host cells are not restricted as long as the cells can express the above-described polypeptide, and examples of the cells include, but are not limited to, prokaryotic cells such as E. coli ; and eukaryotic cells such as mammalian cultured cells including monkey kidney cells COS1 and Chinese hamster ovary cells CHO; budding yeast; fission yeast; silkworm cells; and Xenopus laevis egg cells.
  • prokaryotic cells such as E. coli
  • eukaryotic cells such as mammalian cultured cells including monkey kidney cells COS1 and Chinese hamster ovary cells CHO; budding yeast; fission yeast; silkworm cells; and Xenopus laevis egg cells.
  • an expression vector containing an origin that enables replication of the vector in a prokaryotic cell, promoter, ribosome binding site, DNA cloning site, terminator and/or the like is used.
  • Examples of the expression vector for E. coli include the pUC system, pBluescriptII, pET expression system and pGEX expression system.
  • an expression vector for eukaryotic cells comprising a promoter, splicing site, poly(A) addition site and/or the like is used as the expression vector.
  • an expression vector include pKA1, pCDM8, pSVK3, pMSG, pSVL, pBK-CMV, pBK-RSV, EBV vector, pRS, pcDNA3, pMSG and pYES2.
  • the polypeptide encoded by the DNA can be expressed in the eukaryotic host cells.
  • the above polypeptide can be expressed as a fusion protein comprising a tag such as a His tag, FLAG tag, myc tag, HA tag or GFP.
  • a well-known method such as electroporation, the calcium phosphate method, the liposome method or the DEAE dextran method may be used.
  • Isolation and purification of the polypeptide of interest from the host cells can be carried out by a combination of known separation operations.
  • known separation operations include, but are not limited to, treatment with a denaturant such as urea or with a surfactant; ultrasonication treatment; enzyme digestion; salting-out or solvent fractional precipitation; dialysis; centrifugation; ultrafiltration; gel filtration; SDS-PAGE; isoelectric focusing; ion-exchange chromatography; hydrophobic chromatography; affinity chromatography; and reversed-phase chromatography.
  • polypeptides obtained by the above methods also include, as mentioned above, those in the form of a fusion protein with another arbitrary protein.
  • polypeptides include fusion proteins with glutathion S-transferase (GST) and fusion proteins with a His tag.
  • GST glutathion S-transferase
  • Such a polypeptide in the form of a fusion protein is also included within the scope of the present invention as the above-described polypeptide (c).
  • the polypeptide expressed in a transformed cell is modified in various ways in the cell after translation.
  • Such a post-translationally modified polypeptide is also included within the scope of the present invention as long as it has an immunity-inducing activity.
  • Examples of such a post-translational modification include: elimination of N-terminal methionine; N-terminal acetylation; glycosylation; limited degradation by an intracellular protease; myristoylation; isoprenylation; and phosphorylation.
  • the immunity-inducing agent of the present invention can be used as a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent for cancer. Further, the polypeptide having an immunity-inducing activity can be used for a method of therapy and/or prophylaxis of cancer by immune induction.
  • the cancer to be treated is not restricted as long as SCD1 is expressed in the cancer, and the cancer is preferably breast cancer, brain tumor, colon cancer, perianal adenocarcinoma, mastocytoma, neuroblastoma, renal cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer or leukemia.
  • the subject animal is preferably a mammal, more preferably a mammal such as a primate, pet animal, domestic animal or sport animal, especially preferably human, dog or cat.
  • the administration route of the immunity-inducing agent of the present invention to a living body may be either oral administration or parenteral administration, and is preferably parenteral administration such as intramuscular administration, subcutaneous administration, intravenous administration or intraarterial administration.
  • parenteral administration such as intramuscular administration, subcutaneous administration, intravenous administration or intraarterial administration.
  • the immunity-inducing agent may be administered to a regional lymph node in the vicinity of the tumor to be treated, as described in the Examples below, in order to enhance its anticancer activity.
  • the dose may be any dose as long as the dose is effective for immune induction, and, for example, in cases where the agent is used for therapy and/or prophylaxis of cancer, the dose may be one effective for therapy and/or prophylaxis of the cancer.
  • the dose effective for therapy and/or prophylaxis of cancer is appropriately selected depending on the size, symptoms and the like of the tumor, and the effective dose is usually 0.0001 ⁇ g to 1000 ⁇ g, preferably 0.001 ⁇ g to 1000 ⁇ g per subject animal per day.
  • the agent may be administered once, or dividedly in several times.
  • the agent is preferably administered dividedly in several times, every several days to several months.
  • the immunity-inducing agent of the present invention can cause regression of an already occurred tumor. Therefore, since the agent can exert its anticancer activity also against a small number of cancer cells at an early stage, development or recurrence of cancer can be prevented by using the agent before development of the cancer or after therapy for the cancer. That is, the immunity-inducing agent of the present invention is effective for both therapy and prophylaxis of cancer.
  • the immunity-inducing agent of the present invention may contain only a polypeptide or may be formulated by being mixed as appropriate with an additive such as a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or vehicle suitable for each administration mode.
  • an additive such as a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or vehicle suitable for each administration mode.
  • Formulation methods and additives which may be used are well-known in the field of formulation of pharmaceuticals, and any of the methods and additives may be used.
  • additives include, but are not limited to, diluents such as physiological buffer solutions; vehicles such as sugar, lactose, corn starch, calcium phosphate, sorbitol and glycine; binders such as syrup, gelatin, gum arabic, sorbitol, polyvinyl chloride and tragacanth; and lubricants such as magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, talc and silica.
  • diluents such as physiological buffer solutions
  • vehicles such as sugar, lactose, corn starch, calcium phosphate, sorbitol and glycine
  • binders such as syrup, gelatin, gum arabic, sorbitol, polyvinyl chloride and tragacanth
  • lubricants such as magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, talc and silica.
  • oral preparations such as tablets, capsules, granules, powders and syrups
  • parenteral preparations such as inhalants, injection solutions
  • the immunity-inducing agent of the present invention may be used in combination with an immunoenhancer capable of enhancing the immune response in a living body.
  • the immunoenhancer may be contained in the immunity-inducing agent of the present invention or administered as a separate composition to a patient in combination with the immunity-inducing agent of the present invention.
  • the immunoenhancer examples include adjuvants.
  • Adjuvants can enhance the immune response by providing a reservoir of antigen (extracellularly or inside macrophages), activating macrophages and stimulating specific sets of lymphocytes, thereby enhancing the immune response and hence the anticancer action. Therefore, especially in cases where the immunity-inducing agent of the present invention is used for therapy and/or prophylaxis of cancer, the immunity-inducing agent preferably comprises an adjuvant, in addition to the above-described polypeptide as an effective ingredient. Many types of adjuvants are well known in the art, and any of these adjuvants may be used.
  • the adjuvants include MPL (SmithKline Beecham), homologues of Salmonella minnesota Re 595 lipopolysaccharide obtained after purification and acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide; QS21 (SmithKline Beecham), pure QA-21 saponin purified from an extract of Quillja saponaria ; DQS21 described in PCT application WO 96/33739 (SmithKline Beecham); QS-7, QS-17, QS-18 and QS-L1 (So and 10 colleagues, “Molecules and cells”, 1997, Vol. 7, p.
  • Freund's incomplete adjuvant Freund's complete adjuvant; vitamin E; Montanide; alum; CpG oligonucleotides (see, for example, Kreig and 7 colleagues, Nature, Vol. 374, p. 546-549); poly-LC and derivatives thereof (e.g., poly ICLC); and various water-in-oil emulsions prepared from biodegradable oils such as squalene and/or tocopherol.
  • Freund's incomplete adjuvant Montanide
  • poly-LC and derivatives thereof e.g., poly ICLC
  • CpG oligonucleotides are preferred.
  • the mixing ratio between the above-described adjuvant and the polypeptide is typically about 1:10 to 10:1, preferably about 1:5 to 5:1, more preferably about 1:1.
  • the adjuvant is not limited to the above-described examples, and adjuvants known in the art other than those described above may also be used when the immunity-inducing agent of the present invention is administered (see, for example, Goding, “Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practice, 2nd edition”, 1986). Preparation methods for mixtures or emulsions of a polypeptide and an adjuvant are well known to those skilled in the art of vaccination.
  • factors that stimulate the immune response of the subject may be used as the above-described immunoenhancer.
  • factors that stimulate the immune response of the subject may be used as the above-described immunoenhancer.
  • various cytokines having a property to stimulate lymphocytes and/or antigen-presenting cells may be used as the immunoenhancer in combination with the immunity-inducing agent of the present invention.
  • cytokines capable of enhancing the immune response
  • examples of the cytokines include, but are not limited to, interleukin-12 (IL-12), GM-CSF; IL-18, interferon- ⁇ , interferon- ⁇ , interferon- ⁇ , interferon- ⁇ , and Flt3 ligand, which have been shown to enhance the prophylactic action of vaccines.
  • IL-12 interleukin-12
  • GM-CSF GM-CSF
  • IL-18 interferon- ⁇ , interferon- ⁇ , interferon- ⁇ , interferon- ⁇ , and Flt3 ligand, which have been shown to enhance the prophylactic action of vaccines.
  • Such factors may also be used as the above-described immunoenhancer, and may be contained in the immunity-inducing agent of the present invention, or may be prepared as a separate composition to be administered to a patient in combination with the immunity-inducing agent of the present invention.
  • the antigen-presenting cells can be made to present the polypeptide. That is, the polypeptides (a) to (c) described above can be used as agents for treating antigen-presenting cells.
  • the antigen-presenting cells which may be preferably used include dendritic cells and B cells having MHC class I molecules.
  • Various MHC class I molecules have been identified and are well-known. MHC molecules in human are called HLA.
  • HLA class I molecules include HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C, more specifically, HLA-A1, HLA-A0201, HLA-A0204, HLA-A0205, HLA-A0206, HLA-A0207, HLA-A11, HLA-A24, HLA-A31, HLA-A6801, HLA-B7, HLA-B8, HLA-B2705, HLA-B37, HLA-Cw0401 and HLA-Cw0602.
  • the dendritic cells or B cells having MHC class I molecules can be prepared from peripheral blood by a well-known method.
  • tumor-specific dendritic cells can be induced by inducing dendritic cells from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood or patient's peripheral blood using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-3 (or IL-4), and then adding a tumor-related peptide to the culture system.
  • GM-CSF granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
  • IL-3 or IL-4
  • a response desired for therapy of a cancer can be induced.
  • the cells bone marrow or umbilical cord blood donated by a healthy individual, or bone marrow, peripheral blood or the like of the patient may be used.
  • the peripheral blood or bone marrow may be any of a fresh sample, cold-stored sample and cryopreserved sample.
  • whole blood may be cultured or the leukocyte components alone may be separated and cultured, and the latter is more efficient and thus preferred. Further, among the leukocyte components, mononuclear cells may be separated.
  • the whole cells constituting the bone marrow may be cultured, or mononuclear cells may be separated therefrom and cultured.
  • Peripheral blood, the leukocyte components thereof and bone marrow cells contain mononuclear cells, hematopoietic stem cells and immature dendritic cells, from which dendritic cells are originated, and also CD4-positive cells and the like.
  • the production method for the cytokine is not restricted, and a naturally-occurring or recombinant cytokine or the like may be employed as long as its safety and physiological activity have been confirmed.
  • a preparation with assured quality for medical use is used in the minimum necessary amount.
  • the concentration of the cytokine(s) to be added is not restricted as long as the dendritic cells are induced at the concentration, and usually, the total concentration of the cytokine(s) is preferably about 10 to 1000 ng/mL, more preferably about 20 to 500 ng/mL.
  • the culture may be carried out using a well-known medium usually used for culture of leukocytes.
  • the culturing temperature is not restricted as long as proliferation of leukocytes is possible at the temperature, and a temperature of about 37° C., which is the body temperature of human, is most preferred.
  • the atmospheric environment during the culture is not restricted as long as proliferation of the leukocytes is possible under the environment, and the culture is preferably performed under a flow of 5% CO 2 .
  • the culturing period is not restricted as long as a necessary number of the cells are induced, and usually 3 days to 2 weeks.
  • the apparatuses used for separation and culturing of the cells appropriate apparatuses, preferably those whose safety upon application to medical uses have been confirmed and whose operations are stable and simple, may be employed.
  • the cell-culturing apparatus include not only general vessels such as Petri dishes, flasks and bottles, but also layer-type vessels, multistage vessels, roller bottles, spinner-type bottles, bag-type culturing vessels and hollow fiber columns.
  • the method per se to be used for bringing the above-described polypeptide into contact with the antigen presenting cells in vitro may be those well known in the art.
  • the antigen-presenting cells may be cultured in a culture medium containing the above-described polypeptide.
  • the concentration of the peptide in the medium is not restricted, and usually about 1 to 100 ⁇ g/ml, preferably about 5 to 20 ⁇ g/ml.
  • the cell density during the culture is not restricted and usually about 10 3 to 10 7 cells/ml, preferably about 5 ⁇ 10 3 to 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells/ml.
  • the culture is preferably carried out according to a conventional method at 37° C. under the atmosphere of 5% CO 2 .
  • the maximum length of the peptide which can be presented on the surface of the antigen-presenting cells is usually about 30 amino acid residues. Therefore, in cases where the antigen-presenting cells are brought into contact with the polypeptide in vitro, the polypeptide may be prepared such that its length is not more than about 30 amino acid residues, although the length is not restricted.
  • the polypeptide By culturing the antigen-presenting cells in the coexistence of the above-described polypeptide, the polypeptide is incorporated into MHC molecules of the antigen-presenting cells and presented on the surface of the antigen-presenting cells. Therefore, using the above-described polypeptide, isolated antigen-presenting cells containing the complex between the polypeptide and the MHC molecule can be prepared. Such antigen-presenting cells can present the polypeptide against T cells in vivo or in vitro, to induce, and allow proliferation of, cytotoxic T cells specific to the polypeptide.
  • cytotoxic T cells specific to the polypeptide can be induced and allowed to proliferate.
  • This may be carried out by coculturing the above-described antigen-presenting cells and T cells in a liquid medium.
  • the antigen-presenting cells may be suspended in a liquid medium and placed in a vessel such as a well of a microplate, followed by adding T cells to the well and then performing culture.
  • the mixing ratio of the antigen-presenting cells to the T cells in the coculture is not restricted, and usually about 1:1 to 1:100, preferably about 1:5 to 1:20 in terms of the cell number.
  • the density of the antigen-presenting cells to be suspended in the liquid medium is not restricted, and usually about 100 to 10,000,000 cells/ml, preferably about 10,000 to 1,000,000 cells/ml.
  • the coculture is preferably carried out by a conventional method at 37° C. under the atmosphere of 5% CO 2 .
  • the culturing period is not restricted, and usually 2 days to 3 weeks, preferably about 4 days to 2 weeks.
  • the coculture is preferably carried out in the presence of one or more interleukins such as IL-2, IL-6, IL-7 and/or IL-12.
  • the concentration of IL-2 or IL-7 is usually about 5 to 20 U/ml
  • the concentration of IL-6 is usually about 500 to 2000 U/ml
  • the concentration of IL-12 is usually about 5 to 20 ng/ml, but the concentrations of the interleukins are not restricted thereto.
  • the above coculture may be repeated once to several times with addition of fresh antigen-presenting cells. For example, the operation of discarding the culture supernatant after the coculture and adding a fresh suspension of antigen-presenting cells to further conduct the coculture may be repeated once to several times.
  • the conditions for each coculture may be the same as those described above.
  • cytotoxic T cells specific to the polypeptide are induced and allowed to proliferate.
  • isolated T cells can be prepared which selectively bind to the complex between the polypeptide and the MHC molecule.
  • the SCD1 gene is expressed specifically in breast cancer cells, breast cancer tissues, brain tumor cells, brain tumor tissues, colon cancer cells, colon cancer tissues, perianal adenocarcinoma tissues, perianal adenocarcinoma cells, mastocytoma tissues, mastocytoma cells, neuroblastoma cells, renal cancer cells, renal cancer tissues, liver cancer cells, liver cancer tissues, lung cancer cells, lung cancer tissues, prostate cancer cells, prostate cancer tissues and leukemia cells. Therefore, it is thought that, in these cancer species, a significantly larger amount of SCD1 exists than in normal cells.
  • the cytotoxic T cells When the thus prepared cytotoxic T cells are administered to a living body such that a part of the SCD1 polypeptide present in cancer cells is presented by MHC molecules on the surface of the cancer cells, the cytotoxic T cells can damage the cancer cells using the presented polypeptide as a marker. Since the antigen-presenting cells presenting a part of the above-described SCD1 polypeptide can induce, and allow proliferation of, cytotoxic T cells specific to the polypeptide also in vivo, cancer cells can be damaged also by administering the antigen-presenting cells to a living body. That is, the cytotoxic T cells and the antigen-presenting cells prepared using the polypeptide are also effective as therapeutic and/or prophylactic agents for cancer, similarly to the immunity-inducing agent of the present invention.
  • these are preferably prepared by treating antigen presenting cells or T cells collected from the patient to be treated, using the polypeptide (a), (b) or (c) as described above in order to avoid the immune response in the living body that attacks these cells as foreign bodies.
  • the therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent for cancer comprising as an effective ingredient the antigen-presenting cells or T cells is preferably administered via a parenteral administration route, for example, by intravenous or intraarterial administration.
  • the dose is appropriately selected depending on the symptoms, the purpose of administration and the like, and is usually 1 cell to 10,000,000,000,000 cells, preferably 1,000,000 cells to 1,000,000,000 cells, which dose is preferably administered once every several days to once every several months.
  • the formulation may be, for example, the cells suspended in physiological buffered saline, and the formulation may be used in combination with another/other anticancer preparation(s) and/or cytokine(s). Further, one or more additives well known in the field of formulation of pharmaceuticals may also be added.
  • the immunity-inducing agent of the present invention may be one comprising as an effective ingredient a recombinant vector having a polynucleotide encoding any of the polynucleotides (a) to (c), which recombinant vector is capable of expressing the polypeptide in a living body.
  • a recombinant vector capable of expressing an antigenic polypeptide as shown in the later-mentioned Examples is also called a gene vaccine.
  • the vector used for production of the gene vaccine is not restricted as long as it is a vector capable of expressing the polypeptide in a cell of the subject animal (preferably in a mammalian cell), and may be either a plasmid vector or a virus vector, and any known vector in the field of gene vaccines may be used.
  • the polynucleotide such as DNA or RNA encoding the above-described polypeptide can be easily prepared as mentioned above by a conventional method. Incorporation of the polynucleotide into the vector can be carried out using a method well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the administration route of the gene vaccine is preferably a parenteral route such as intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous or intraarterial administration.
  • the dose may be appropriately selected depending on the type of the antigen and the like, and is usually about 0.1 ⁇ g to 100 mg, preferably about 1 ⁇ g to 10 mg in terms of the weight of the gene vaccine per kg body weight.
  • Examples of the method using a virus vector include those wherein a polynucleotide encoding the above-described polypeptide is incorporated into an RNA virus or DNA virus, such as a retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, herpes virus, vaccinia virus, pox virus, poliovirus or Sindbis virus, and then a subject animal is infected with the resulting virus.
  • RNA virus or DNA virus such as a retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, herpes virus, vaccinia virus, pox virus, poliovirus or Sindbis virus.
  • Examples of other methods include a method wherein an expression plasmid is directly intramuscularly administered (DNA vaccine method), and the liposome method, lipofectin method, microinjection method, calcium phosphate method and electroporation method.
  • DNA vaccine method a method wherein an expression plasmid is directly intramuscularly administered
  • liposome method lipofectin method, microinjection method, calcium phosphate method and electroporation method.
  • the DNA vaccine method and liposome method are especially preferred.
  • Methods for making the gene encoding the above-described polypeptide used in the present invention actually act as a pharmaceutical include in vivo methods wherein the gene is directly introduced into the body, and ex vivo methods wherein a certain kind of cells are collected from the subject animal and the gene is then introduced into the cells ex vivo, followed by returning the cells to the body (Nikkei Science, 1994, April, p. 20-45; The Pharmaceutical Monthly, 1994, Vol. 36, No. 1, p. 23-48; Experimental Medicine, Extra Edition, 1994, Vol. 12, No. 15; and references cited in these literatures, and the like). The in vivo methods are more preferred.
  • the gene may be administered through an appropriate administration route depending on the disease to be treated, symptoms and the like.
  • the gene may be administered by, for example, intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous or intramuscular administration.
  • the gene may be formulated into a preparation such as a solution, and in general, it is formulated into an injection solution or the like containing DNA encoding the above-described peptide of the present invention as an effective ingredient.
  • a commonly used carrier may be also added thereto as required.
  • the liposome may be formulated into a liposome preparation such as a suspension, frozen preparation or centrifugally concentrated frozen preparation.
  • a liposome preparation such as a suspension, frozen preparation or centrifugally concentrated frozen preparation.
  • the base sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 includes not only the actual base sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, but also the sequence complementary thereto.
  • the polynucleotide having the base sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 includes the single-stranded polynucleotide having the actual base sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, the single-stranded polynucleotide having the base sequence complementary thereto, and the double-stranded polynucleotide composed of these single-stranded polynucleotides.
  • RNA was extracted from testis of a dog by the acid-guanidium-phenol-chloroform method, and poly(A) RNA was purified using Oligotex-dT30 mRNA purification Kit (manufactured by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.) in accordance with the protocol attached to the kit.
  • a cDNA phage library was synthesized.
  • cDNA Synthesis Kit Zap-cDNA Synthesis Kit, and ZAP-cDNA Gigapack III Gold Cloning Kit (manufactured by STRATAGENE) were used in accordance with the protocols attached to the kits.
  • the size of the prepared cDNA phage library was 1 ⁇ 10 6 pfu/ml.
  • the host E. coli (XL1-Blue MRF′) was infected with the library such that 2340 clones appeared on an NZY agarose plate with a size of 90 mm dia. ⁇ 15 mm, and cultured at 42° C. for 3 to 4 hours to allow the phage to form plaques.
  • the plate was covered with a nitrocellulose membrane (Hybond C Extra: manufactured by GE Healthcare Bio-Science) impregnated with IPTG (isopropyl- ⁇ -D-thiogalactoside) at 37° C. for 4 hours to allow induction and expression of proteins, and the proteins were transferred onto the membrane.
  • the membrane was recovered and soaked in TBS (10 mM Tris-HCl, 1501 nM NaCl; pH 7.5) supplemented in 0.5% non-fat dry milk. The membrane was then shaken at 4° C. overnight to suppress non-specific reactions. This filter was then allowed to react with 500-fold diluted dog patient serum at room temperature for 2 to 3 hours.
  • TBS 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1501 nM NaCl; pH 7.5
  • serum collected from a dog patient with a perianal tumor was used.
  • the serum was stored at ⁇ 80° C. and pretreated immediately before use.
  • the method of the pretreatment of serum was as follows. That is, the host E. coli (XL1-Blue MRF′) was infected with A, ZAP Express phage having no foreign gene inserted, and then cultured on NZY plate medium at 37° C. overnight. Subsequently, 0.2 M NaHCO 3 buffer (pH 8.3) supplemented with 0.5 M NaCl was added to the plate, and the plate was left to stand at 4° C. for 15 hours, followed by collecting the supernatant as an E. coli /phage extract. Thereafter, the collected E.
  • coli /phage extract was passed through an NHS-column (manufactured by GE Healthcare Bio-Science) to immobilize proteins derived from the E. coli /phage thereon.
  • the serum from the dog patient was passed through, and reacted with, this protein-immobilized column to remove antibodies that adsorb to E. coli and/or the phage.
  • the serum fraction that passed through the column was 500-fold diluted with TBS supplemented with 0.5% non-fat dry milk, and the resulting diluent was used as the material for the immunoscreening.
  • the membrane on which the thus treated serum and the above-described fusion protein were blotted was washed 4 times with TBS-T (0.05% Tween 20/TBS), and reacted with goat anti-dog IgG (Goat anti Dog IgG-h+I HRP conjugated: manufactured by BETHYL Laboratories) 5,000-fold diluted with TBS supplemented with 0.5% non-fat dry milk as a secondary antibody at room temperature for 1 hour, followed by detection by enzyme coloring reaction using an NBT/BCIP reaction solution (manufactured by Roche).
  • Colonies at positions corresponding to coloring-reaction-positive sites were recovered from the NZY agarose plate having a size of 90 mm dia. ⁇ 15 mm, and dissolved in 500 ⁇ l of SM buffer (100 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgClSO 4 , 50 mM Tris-HCl, 0.01% gelatin; pH 7.5). The screening was repeated as the second and third screening in the same manner as described above until a single coloring-reaction-positive colony was obtained. The isolation of the single positive clone was achieved after screening of 9110 phage clones reactive with IgG in the serum.
  • an operation of conversion of the phage vector to a plasmid vector was carried out. More specifically, 200 ⁇ l of a solution prepared such that the host E. coli (XL1-Blue MRF′) was contained at an absorbance OD 600 of 1.0 was mixed with 100 ⁇ l of a purified phage solution and further with 1 ⁇ l of ExAssist helper phage (manufactured by STRATAGENE), and the reaction was then allowed to proceed at 37° C. for 15 minutes. This was followed by addition of 3 ml of LB medium to the reaction mixture, and culture was performed with the resulting mixture at 37° C. for 2.5 to 3 hours.
  • the resulting culture was immediately incubated in a water bath at 70° C. for 20 minutes. The culture was then centrifuged at 4° C. at 1,000 ⁇ g for 15 minutes, and the supernatant was recovered as a phagemid solution. Subsequently, 200 ⁇ l of a solution prepared such that the phagemid host E. coli (SOLR) was contained at an absorbance OD 600 of 1.0 was mixed with 10 ⁇ l of a purified phage solution, and the reaction was allowed to proceed at 37° C. for 15 minutes. Thereafter, 50 ⁇ l of the reaction mixture was plated on LB agar medium supplemented with ampicillin (final concentration: 50 ⁇ g/ml), and culture was performed at 37° C. overnight.
  • SOLR phagemid host E. coli
  • a single colony of transformed SOLR was recovered and cultured in LB medium supplemented with ampicillin (final concentration: 50 ⁇ g/ml) at 37° C., followed by purification of plasmid DNA having the insert of interest using QIAGEN plasmid Miniprep Kit (manufactured by Qiagen).
  • the purified plasmid was subjected to analysis of the full-length sequence of the insert by the primer walking method using the T3 primer of SEQ ID NO:7 and the T7 primer of SEQ ID NO:8.
  • the gene sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 was obtained.
  • homology search against known genes was carried out using a sequence homology search program BLAST (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/). As a result, it was revealed that the obtained gene is the SCD1 gene.
  • Human SCD1 which is a human homologous factor of dog SCD1, had a sequence identity of 89% in terms of the base sequence and 90% in terms of the amino acid sequence
  • mouse SCD1 which is a mouse homologous factor, had a sequence identity of 84% in terms of the base sequence and 84% in terms of the amino acid sequence.
  • the base sequence and the amino acid sequence of human SCD1 are shown in SEQ ID NO:3 and SEQ ID NO:4, respectively, and the base sequence and the amino acid sequence of mouse SCD1 are shown in SEQ ID NO:5 and SEQ ID NO:6, respectively.
  • RT-PCR Reverse Transcription-PCR
  • the reverse transcription reaction was carried out as follows. That is, from 50 to 100 mg of each tissue or 5 ⁇ 10 6 to 10 ⁇ 10 6 cells of each cell line, total RNA was extracted using the TRIZOL reagent (manufactured by Invitrogen) according to the protocol described in the attached instructions. Using this total RNA, cDNA was synthesized with the Superscript First-Strand Synthesis System for RT-PCR (manufactured by Invitrogen) according to the protocol described in the attached instructions.
  • the reagents and the attached buffer were mixed such that 0.25 ⁇ l of the sample prepared by the reverse transcription reaction, 2 ⁇ M each of the above primers, 0.2 mM each of dNTPs, and 0.65 U ExTaq polymerase (manufactured by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.) were contained in the resulting mixture in a final volume of 25 ⁇ l, and the reaction was carried out by 30 cycles of 94° C. for 30 seconds, 55° C. for 30 seconds and 72° C. for 1 minute using a Thermal Cycler (manufactured by BIO RAD).
  • a Thermal Cycler manufactured by BIO RAD
  • the dog and human GAPDH primers are shown in SEQ ID NOs:15 and 16; and the mouse GAPDH primers are shown in SEQ ID NOs:17 and 18
  • the dog SCD1 gene was not expressed in most of the healthy dog tissues, while the gene was strongly expressed in the dog tumor tissues.
  • the human and mouse SCD1 genes the expression was not observed in most of the normal human and mouse tissues, while the expression was detected in most of the cancer cell lines ( FIGS. 2 and 3 ), as in the case of the dog SCD1 gene.
  • the gene obtained by the above method was subjected to investigation of expression in human normal tissues by the quantitative RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription-PCR) method.
  • cDNAs for human normal tissues and cancer tissues Tissue scan Real Time cancer survey Panel I (manufactured by ORIGENE) was used.
  • the quantitative RT-PCR was carried out using CFX96 Real Time Cystem—C1000 Thermal Cycler, manufactured by Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
  • the PCR reaction was carried out as follows using primers specific to the obtained gene (shown in SEQ ID NOs:11 and 12).
  • a recombinant vector that expresses SCD1 in vivo was prepared.
  • PCR was prepared from the mouse cancer cell line N2a (purchased from ATCC), which showed the expression in Example 1.
  • the reagents and the attached buffer were mixed such that 1 ⁇ l of the cDNA, 0.4 ⁇ M each of two kinds of primers having the HindIII and XbaI restriction sites (shown in SEQ ID NOs:19 and 20), 0.2 mM dNTP and 1.25 U PrimeSTAR HS polymerase (manufactured by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.) were contained in the resulting mixture in a final volume of 50 ⁇ l, and PCR was carried out by 30 cycles of 98° C.
  • the above-described two kinds of primers were those for amplification of the region encoding the full-length of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5.
  • the amplified DNA was subjected to electrophoresis using 1% agarose gel, and a DNA fragment of about 1000 bp was purified using QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit (manufactured by QIAGEN).
  • the purified DNA fragment was ligated into a cloning vector pCR-Blunt (manufactured by Invitrogen). E. coli was transformed with the resulting ligation product, and the plasmid was then recovered. The sequence of the amplified gene fragment was confirmed to be the same as the sequence of interest by sequencing.
  • the plasmid having the sequence of interest was treated with restriction enzymes HindIII and XbaI, and purified using QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit, followed by inserting the gene sequence of interest into a mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1 (manufactured by Invitrogen) that had been treated with the restriction enzymes HindIII and XbaI. Use of this vector enables production of SCD1 protein in mammalian cells.
  • the resulting mixture was stirred by vortexing, followed by leaving the mixture to stand for 10 minutes at room temperature (the resulting particles are hereinafter referred to as the gold-DNA particles).
  • the mixture was then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 1 minute and the supernatant was discarded, followed by rinsing the precipitate 3 times with 100% ethanol (manufactured by WAKO).
  • the above prepared tube was fixed in a gene gun, and the DNA vaccine was transdermally administered, by application of a pressure of 400 psi using pure helium gas, a total of 3 times at intervals of 7 days to the abdominal cavity of each of 10 individuals of A/J mice (7 weeks old, male, purchased from Japan SLC) and Balb/c mice (7 weeks old, male, purchased from Japan SLC) whose hair had been shaved (this corresponds to inoculation of 2 ⁇ g/individual of the plasmid DNA). Thereafter, a mouse neuroblastoma cell line N2a or a colon cancer cell line CT26 was transplanted to each mouse in an amount of 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells to evaluate the antitumor effect (prophylactic model). For each model, plasmid DNA containing no SCD1 gene inserted was administered to 10 individuals of mice to provide a control.
  • the antitumor effect was evaluated based on the size of the tumor (major axis ⁇ minor axis 2 /and the ratio of living mice.
  • the size of the tumor became 2966 mm 3 and 759 mm 3 on Day 43 in the control group and the SCD1 plasmid-administered group, respectively.
  • remarkable regression of the tumor was observed in the SCD1 plasmid-administered group.
  • a recombinant protein of human SCD1 was prepared.
  • the regents and the attached buffer were mixed such that 1 ⁇ l of the cDNA prepared in Example 1 whose expression could be confirmed for cDNAs from various tissues and cells by the RT-PCR method, 0.4 ⁇ M each of two kinds of primers having the EcoRI and XhoI restriction sites (shown in SEQ ID NOs:25 and 26), 0.2 mM dNTP and 1.25 U PrimeSTAR HS polymerase (manufactured by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.) were contained in the resulting mixture in a final volume of 50 and PCR was carried out by 30 cycles of 98° C. for 10 seconds, 55° C.
  • the above-described two kinds of primers were those for amplification of the region encoding the full-length of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4.
  • the amplified DNA was subjected to electrophoresis using 1% agarose gel, and a DNA fragment of about 1000 bp was purified using QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit (manufactured by QIAGEN).
  • the purified DNA fragment was ligated into a cloning vector pCR-Blunt (manufactured by Invitrogen). E. coli was transformed with the resulting ligation product, and the plasmid was then recovered. The sequence of the amplified gene fragment was confirmed to be the same as the sequence of interest by sequencing.
  • the plasmid having the sequence of interest was treated with restriction enzymes EcoRI and XhoI, and purified using QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit, followed by inserting the gene sequence of interest into an expression vector for E. coli , pET30a (manufactured by Novagen) that had been treated with the restriction enzymes EcoRI and XhoI.
  • E. coli for expression BL21 (DE3), was transformed with this plasmid, and expression was induced with 1 mM IPTG, to allow expression of the protein of interest in E. coli.
  • the thus obtained recombinant E. coli that expresses SEQ ID NO:4 was cultured in LB medium supplemented with 100 ⁇ g/ml ampicillin at 37° C. until the absorbance at 600 nm reached about 0.7, and isopropyl- ⁇ -D-1-thiogalactopyranoside was then added to the culture at a final concentration of 1 mM, followed by further culturing the recombinant E. coli at 37° C. for 4 hours. Subsequently, the bacterial cells were collected by centrifugation at 4,800 rpm for 10 minutes. The pellet of the bacterial cells was suspended in phosphate-buffered saline and further subjected to centrifugation at 4,800 rpm for, 10 minutes, to wash the bacterial cells.
  • the bacterial cells were suspended in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) and subjected to sonication on ice.
  • the liquid obtained by the sonication of E. coli was centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 20 minutes, to obtain the supernatant as the soluble fraction and the precipitate as the insoluble fraction.
  • the insoluble fraction was suspended in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) and then centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 15 minutes. This operation was repeated twice for removal of proteases.
  • the residue was suspended in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) supplemented with 6 M guanidine hydrochloride and 0.15 M sodium chloride, and left to stand at 4° C. for 20 hours to denature protein. Thereafter, the suspension was centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 30 minutes, and the obtained soluble fraction was placed in a nickel chelate column prepared by a conventional method (carrier: Chelating Sepharose (trademark) Fast Flow (GE Health Care); column volume: 5 mL; equilibration buffer: 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) supplemented with 6M guanidine hydrochloride and 0.15 M sodium chloride), followed by leaving the resultant to stand at 4° C.
  • carrier Chelating Sepharose (trademark) Fast Flow (GE Health Care)
  • the column carrier was centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 5 minutes and the resulting supernatant was recovered. The column carrier was then suspended in phosphate-buffered saline and refilled into the column.
  • the fraction not adsorbed to the column was washed with 10 column volumes of 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 4.0) supplemented with 0.5 M sodium chloride, and immediately thereafter, elution with 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 3.0) supplemented with 0.5 M sodium chloride was carried out to obtain a purified fraction, which was used later as the material for an administration test.
  • the presence of the protein of interest in each eluted fraction was confirmed by Coomassie staining carried out according to a conventional method.
  • the buffer of the purified preparation obtained by the above method was replaced with a reaction buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, 100 mM NaCl, 5 mM CaCl 2 (pH8.0)), and the resulting sample was subjected to cleavage of the His tag with factor Xa protease and purification of the protein of interest, using Factor Xa Cleavage Capture Kit (manufactured by Novagen) in accordance with the protocol attached to the kit.
  • a reaction buffer 50 mM Tris-HCl, 100 mM NaCl, 5 mM CaCl 2 (pH8.0)
  • Factor Xa Cleavage Capture Kit manufactured by Novagen
  • the buffer of 12 ml of the purified preparation obtained by the above method was replaced with physiological phosphate buffer (manufactured by Nissui Pharmaceutical) using ultrafiltration NANOSEP 10K OMEGA (manufactured by PALL), and the resulting sample was subjected to aseptic filtration through HT Tuffryn Acrodisc 0.22 ⁇ m (manufactured by PALL) and used in the experiment.
  • peripheral blood was separated, and the peripheral blood was overlaid on Lymphocyte separation medium (OrganonpTeknika, Durham, N.C.), followed by centrifuging the resultant at 1,500 rpm at room temperature for 20 minutes.
  • Lymphocyte separation medium OrganonpTeknika, Durham, N.C.
  • a fraction containing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was recovered and washed 3 (or more) times in cold phosphate buffer, to obtain PBMCs.
  • the obtained PBMCs were suspended in 20 ml of AIM-V medium (Life Technologies, Inc., Grand Island, N.Y., USA), and the cells were allowed to adhere to a culture flask (Falcon) at 37° C. in 5% CO 2 for 2 hours.
  • Nonadherent cells were used for preparation of T cells, and adherent cells were used for preparation of dendritic cells.
  • the adherent cells were cultured in AIM-V medium in the presence of IL-4 (1000 U/ml) and GM-CSF (1000 U/ml).
  • IL-4 1000 U/ml
  • GM-CSF 1000 U/ml
  • Nonadherent cells obtained 6 days later were collected, and the human recombinant SCD1 protein was added to the cells at a concentration of 10 ⁇ g/ml, followed by culturing the cells at 37° C. in 5% CO 2 for 4 hours.
  • the medium was replaced with AIM-V medium supplemented with IL-4 (1000 U/ml), GM-CSF (1000 U/ml), IL-6 (1000 U/ml, Genzyme, Cambridge, Mass.), IL-113 (10 ng/ml, Genzyme, Cambridge, Mass.) and TNF- ⁇ (10 ng/ml, Genzyme, Cambridge, Mass.), and the culture was carried out for additional 2 days to obtain a population of nonadherent cell to be used as dendritic cells.
  • IL-4 1000 U/ml
  • GM-CSF 1000 U/ml
  • IL-6 1000 U/ml, Genzyme, Cambridge, Mass.
  • IL-113 10 ng/ml, Genzyme, Cambridge, Mass.
  • TNF- ⁇ 10 ng/ml, Genzyme, Cambridge, Mass.
  • the prepared dendritic cells were suspended in AIM-V medium at a cell density of 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells/ml, and the human recombinant SCD1 protein was added again at a concentration of 10 ⁇ g/ml to the suspension.
  • the cells were cultured at 37° C. in 5% CO 2 for 4 hours. After the culture. X-ray irradiation (3000 rads) was carried out, and the cells were washed with AIM-V medium, followed by suspension in AIM-V medium supplemented with 10% human AB serum (Nabi, Miami, Fla.), IL-6 (1000 U/ml) and IL-12 (10 ng/ml, Genzyme, Cambridge, Mass.).
  • the cells were then placed in a 24-well plate in an amount of 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells/well. Further, the prepared T cell population was added to each well in an amount of 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells, and cultured at 37° C. in 5% CO 2 . Each culture supernatant was discarded 7 days later, and dendritic cells obtained in the same manner as described above by treatment with the human SCD1 protein and the subsequent X-ray irradiation were suspended in AIM-V medium supplemented with 10% human AB serum (Nabi, Miami, Fla.), IL-7 (10 U/ml, Genzyme, Cambridge, Mass.) and IL-2 (10 U/ml, Genzyme, Cambridge, Mass.) (cell density, 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells/ml).
  • the resulting suspension was added to the 24-well plate in an amount of 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells/well, and the cells were further cultured. After repeating the same operation 4 to 6 times at intervals of 7 days, stimulated T cells were recovered, and induction of CD8-positive T cells was confirmed by flow cytometry.
  • a protein having a sequence that is outside the scope of the present invention was used (SEQ ID NO:27).
  • CD8-positive T cells that were stimulated with the human recombinant SCD1 protein and suspended in AIM-V medium supplemented with 10% human AB serum were added to each well, and culture was performed at 37° C. in 5% CO 2 for 4 hours. Thereafter, the amount of chromium 51 released from damaged tumor cells in the culture supernatant was measured using a gamma counter to calculate the cytotoxic activity of the CD8-positive T cells stimulated with the human recombinant SCD1 protein.
  • the human recombinant SCD1 protein used in the present invention has a capacity to induce CD8-positive cytotoxic T cells that can damage tumor cells.
  • the cytotoxic activity means the cytotoxic activity of the CD8-positive T cells against T98G determined by: mixing 10 5 CD8-positive T cells stimulated and induced as described above, with 10 3 cells of the malignant brain tumor cell line U-87MG into which chromium 51 was incorporated; culturing the resulting mixture for 4 hours; measuring the amount of chromium 51 released to the medium after the culture; and then performing calculation according to Equation 1.
  • the present invention is useful for therapy and/or prophylaxis of cancer since the present invention provides an immunity-inducing agent containing a polypeptide that exerts antitumor activity against various cancers.

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US11318185B2 (en) * 2016-03-02 2022-05-03 Toray Industries, Inc. Immunogenic peptides of SCD1 protein
US11478539B2 (en) 2015-04-30 2022-10-25 Toray Industries, Inc. Immunity-inducing agent

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