US20140182492A1 - Method for optimizing the burnout of exhaust gases of an incinerator - Google Patents

Method for optimizing the burnout of exhaust gases of an incinerator Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140182492A1
US20140182492A1 US14/008,798 US201214008798A US2014182492A1 US 20140182492 A1 US20140182492 A1 US 20140182492A1 US 201214008798 A US201214008798 A US 201214008798A US 2014182492 A1 US2014182492 A1 US 2014182492A1
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Prior art keywords
combustion
nozzle
combustion chamber
primary
solid material
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Abandoned
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US14/008,798
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English (en)
Inventor
Maurice Henri Waldner
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Kanadevia Inova AG
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Hitachi Zosen Innova AG
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Application filed by Hitachi Zosen Innova AG filed Critical Hitachi Zosen Innova AG
Assigned to HITACHI ZOSEN INOVA AG reassignment HITACHI ZOSEN INOVA AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Waldner, Maurice Henri
Assigned to HITACHI ZOSEN INOVA AG reassignment HITACHI ZOSEN INOVA AG CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE COUNTRY OF THE ASSIGNEE PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 032173 FRAME 0679. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE THE COUNTRY SHOULD BE SWITZERLAND. Assignors: Waldner, Maurice Henri
Publication of US20140182492A1 publication Critical patent/US20140182492A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F23G5/165—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber arranged at a different level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air above the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07002—Injecting inert gas, other than steam or evaporated water, into the combustion chambers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for optimizing the burnout of exhaust gases of an incinerator according to the preamble of claim 1 and also to a combustion chamber for carrying out the method and to a waste incinerator comprising such a combustion chamber.
  • Incinerators for combusting solid fuels are best known to a person skilled in the art.
  • Such facilities comprise a combustion chamber, in which the solid material is combusted with admission of primary air, which is referred to as primary combustion.
  • primary combustion the solid material passes through different sub-processes from the inlet into the combustion chamber to the outlet, said sub-processes being divided roughly into drying, ignition, combustion and ash burnout.
  • exhaust gases of different composition are generated.
  • the primary air merely absorbs moisture from the solid material to be combusted, pyrolytic decomposition products are found in the ignition phase.
  • the oxygen fed in the ignition phase is often converted fully, such that the exhaust gas flow generated in this phase includes only very little oxygen or even no oxygen.
  • Exhaust gases with typical compositions of CO, CO 2 , O 2 , H 2 O and N 2 are produced in the combustion phase, whereas practically unconsumed air is ultimately present above the ash burnout.
  • a method comprising a combustion of the solid material and a secondary combustion of the incompletely burned exhaust gas constituents is known for example from WO 2007/09510, which has the objective of breaking down the primary nitrogen compounds NH 3 and HCN in order to minimize the formation of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in the secondary combustion chamber.
  • EP-A-1077077 concerns a method similar to that in WO 2007/090510, wherein the SNCR method is used for NO x removal from flue gases, in which no catalyst is used, but instead a reducing agent is injected into the flue gases.
  • SNCR methods operate at temperatures from 850 to 1000° C. and require elaborate regulation.
  • the gases exiting from the combustion chamber are homogenized in a mixing stage with addition of a medium free from oxygen or low in oxygen, after which the homogenized exhaust gas flow passes through a steady-state zone, in which the nitrogen oxides already formed are to be reduced.
  • the quantity of accumulating pyrolysis gas is of such a size that the quantity of locally available secondary air is not sufficient for complete burnout.
  • the peripheral wall surrounding the combustion chamber or the secondary combustion chamber can be damaged by the prevailing high temperatures.
  • caking or coking may occur in this region due to the high temperatures and has to be removed in complex maintenance procedures.
  • EP-A-1081434, EP-A-1382906 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,313,895 attempt to overcome the problem of reducing the quantity of unburned substances and in particular CO.
  • a mixing fluid is introduced which causes the gases exiting from the combustion chamber to be swirled in an eddy current.
  • a special nozzle arrangement is described for example in EP-A-1081434, as a result of which a rotating flow is generated in the flow channel in an injection plane arranged in the region of the flame cover.
  • the objective of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for optimizing the burnout of exhaust gases of an incinerator, said method on the one hand ensuring high operational reliability and on the other hand allowing a high energy recovery from the combustion process.
  • a method relating to an embodiment of the invention consequently includes the steps of introducing the solid material to be combusted via an inlet into a combustion chamber defining a primary combustion space, combusting the solid material in the primary combustion space, in the form of a combustion bed conveyed over a combustion grate, with admission of primary air, and discharging the combusted solid material from the primary combustion space via an outlet arranged opposite the inlet in the conveying direction.
  • the primary combustion gases released during the combustion of the solid material are combusted, with admission of secondary air, in a secondary combustion chamber defining a secondary combustion space and arranged downstream of the combustion chamber, that is to say generally above the combustion chamber, in the flow direction of the combustion gases.
  • the exhaust gases containing the primary combustion gases are homogenized in a mixing zone. This occurs by means of a fluid introduced via a nozzle.
  • a nozzle
  • indefinite article the term includes both a single nozzle and also a plurality of nozzles.
  • the term homogenization is understood to mean that the exhaust gases or the individual exhaust gas flows of different composition are mixed in such a way that a gas mixture that is as homogeneous as possible is obtained.
  • the mixing zone then adjoins the combustion bed at least approximately directly in the flow direction of the exhaust gases. It is therefore in other words generally arranged at least approximately directly above the combustion bed. This allows very hot exhaust gas flows, for example as may be produced in the ignition or combustion zone, to mix practically directly above the combustion bed with the cooler exhaust gas flows from the drying and ash burnout zones and therefore to compensate for or to reduce temperature peaks in good time.
  • the method prevents the energy recovery balance from being impaired, for example as would be the case with cooling by means of a cooling medium.
  • a gas mixture is obtained as a result of the homogenization of the exhaust gas flows generated in the individual combustion zones and is optimally preconditioned for the secondary combustion in the secondary combustion space.
  • the fluid is introduced via one or more nozzles.
  • the exit speed of the fluid from the nozzle is approximately 40 to approximately 120 m/s, wherein, within the meaning of the present invention, the nozzle is oriented at an angle from ⁇ 10° to +10° relative to the inclination of the combustion grate.
  • further nozzles can be provided which are not aligned relative to the inclination of the combustion grate at the above-defined angle.
  • the inclination of the grate is understood to mean the total inclination of the grate (and not the orientation of any individual grate steps present).
  • the injection speed of the fluid from approximately 40 to approximately 120 m/s also helps to avoid a swirling of solid materials.
  • an exit speed of at least 1 MACH is disclosed for example in EP-A-1508745.
  • a MACH number of 1 is synonymous with the speed of sound, which for air at 20° C. is generally specified at 343 m/s, and adopts even higher values at higher temperatures as are to be found in furnaces.
  • the distance between the mixing zone and the combustion bed is at most 1.5 meters, preferably at most 0.8 meters. This distance therefore denotes the maximum distance between the upper limit of the combustion bed and the start of the mixing zone as considered in the flow direction of the exhaust gases. Said maximum distance, in view of the conventional dimensions of an incinerator, still falls within the expression “approximately above the combustion bed”. Since the upper limit of the combustion bed is typically arranged approximately 0.3 to 1 meter above the surface of the combustion grate, the mixing zone is distanced appropriately from the combustion grate.
  • the mixing zone extends at most up to a distance of 2 meters measured from the combustion bed. As considered in the flow direction of the exhaust gases, the mixing zone in accordance with this embodiment thus ends after 2 meters at most and therefore still at a sufficient distance before the secondary air injection. In the case of the mixing zone adjoining the combustion bed at least approximately directly in accordance with the invention, the mentioned upper limit is sufficient to obtain the desired homogenization of the exhaust gases.
  • a particularly good homogenization is achieved if, in accordance with a preferred embodiment, the exit speed of the fluid from the nozzle is approximately 90 m/s.
  • the exit speed refers to the speed that the fluid has as it exits from the nozzle opening.
  • the nozzles used as standard generally have a circular nozzle cross section from 60 mm to 200 mm. It is conceivable for the nozzle cross section to taper continuously in the direction of the nozzle mouth, such that the diameter of the exit opening of the nozzle is 60 mm to 90 mm.
  • the respective nozzle is preferably oriented at an angle of ⁇ 10° to +5°, preferably from ⁇ 5° to +5°, relative to the inclination of the combustion grate.
  • the respective nozzle is aligned at an angle from ⁇ 10° to 0° relative to the inclination of the combustion grate.
  • the fluid can be a flue gas returned from a subsequent zone downstream of the secondary combustion space.
  • the return is preferably implemented here from a zone between the steam generator and the flue.
  • the quantity of introduced flue gas is generally approximately 5 to 35% of the admitted quantity of primary air, preferably approximately 20%.
  • any other conceivable fluid can be used, in particular air, an inert gas, such as nitrogen, water vapor or mixtures thereof.
  • the fluid is injected in accordance with a preferred embodiment via a nozzle or row of nozzles arranged in this region.
  • a very pronounced temperature imbalance and therefore damage or contamination of the peripheral wall surrounding the combustion space can thus be effectively prevented.
  • the respective nozzle preferably has an outer pipe and an inner pipe running in the axial direction of the outer pipe and surrounded thereby, wherein the inner pipe is intended to carry the flue gas and the outer pipe is intended to carry air.
  • the inner diameter of the inner pipe is preferably approximately 70 mm here, whereas the inner diameter of the outer pipe, that is to say the outer diameter of the annular gap present between the inner pipe and outer pipe, is approximately 110 mm.
  • the airflow is used as a shield, which protects the nozzle against the attachment of impurities entrained in the flue gas. Particularly at the temperatures present in the inlet-side region, such attachments could easily lead to caking, which in the extreme case could lead to failure of the nozzle; this is effectively prevented in accordance with the presented embodiment.
  • the fluid is preferably introduced via at least two nozzles, preferably at least six nozzles. This ensures homogenization that is as complete as possible with a relatively small quantity of injected fluid.
  • This chamber includes a peripheral wall enclosing a primary combustion space, an inlet for introducing the solid material to be combusted into the primary combustion space, a combustion grate for combusting the solid material, an outlet arranged opposite the inlet in the conveying direction of the solid material for discharge of the combusted solid material from the primary combustion space, and a nozzle for homogenizing the exhaust gases containing the primary combustion gases released during the combustion process.
  • the nozzle is arranged in accordance with the invention in a range of at most 3 meters, preferably 0.5 meters to 3 meters, most preferably 0.5 to 2 meters, above the combustion grate.
  • the nozzle is generally arranged in the peripheral wall of the combustion chamber, preferably in the region of the inlet or the outlet.
  • the nozzle is oriented in accordance with the invention at an angle from ⁇ 10° to +10°, preferably from ⁇ 10° to +5°, more preferably from ⁇ 5° to +5°, relative to the inclination of the combustion grate.
  • the respective nozzle is oriented at an angle from ⁇ 10° to 0° relative to the inclination of the combustion grate.
  • an embodiment related to the present invention includes a waste incinerator with a combustion chamber as described.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber (illustrated in part) for carrying out the method according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a graph of the measured O2 concentration (in vol %) and CO concentration (in mg/m3 in standard ambient conditions) over time in an exhaust gas flow generated in the combustion zone, wherein the nozzles are switched on and off at individual intervals.
  • the solid material 2 to be combusted is poured into a feed hopper 4 and is introduced from here into the combustion chamber 8 generally by means of a dosing tappet via an inlet 6 .
  • the combustion chamber 8 comprises a peripheral wall 10 , which surrounds an upwardly tapering primary combustion space 12 .
  • the solid material 2 is conveyed in the form of a combustion bed 14 above a (feed) combustion grate 16 , through which primary air flows, and is combusted during the process.
  • a drying zone, an ignition zone, a combustion zone and an ash burnout zone are provided in succession in the conveying direction F before the combusted solid material is discharged via an outlet 18 arranged opposite the inlet 6 and is then fed via a slag remover of a slag conveying apparatus.
  • the primary air in the shown embodiment is distributed via individual underblast chambers 20 a, 20 b, 20 c, 20 d, which are fed via separate primary air lines 22 a, 22 b, 22 c, 22 d.
  • Nozzles 24 a, 24 b, 24 c are arranged in the peripheral wall 10 of the combustion chamber and are used to introduce a fluid into the combustion chamber 8 .
  • the nozzles are designed in such a way that the exit speed of the fluid from the nozzles is 40 to 120 m/s.
  • a nozzle 24 a is arranged in the inlet-side region 8 ′ of the combustion chamber 8 , specifically in a part 10 ′ of the peripheral wall 10 , said part facing the inlet and running upwardly at an incline.
  • Two nozzles 24 b, 24 c are arranged in the outlet-side region 8 ′′, wherein one nozzle 24 b is arranged in the part 10 ′′ running upwardly at an incline and one nozzle is arranged in the part 10 ′′ of the peripheral wall defining the end face 25 and running perpendicularly. Any other number and arrangement of nozzles suitable for the purposes of the present invention is also conceivable however.
  • the exhaust gases which contain the combustion gases released during the combustion process, are homogenized in a mixing zone 26 adjoining the combustion bed 14 at least approximately directly in the flow direction of said gases.
  • This homogenization is indicated in the figure by means of dashed arrows, wherein A schematically denotes the region with relatively high temperature and relatively high concentration of primary combustion gases, and B denotes the region of lower temperature and lower concentration of primary combustion gases.
  • the introduction of the fluid with actuated nozzle in the ON position causes the O 2 concentration measured locally in the exhaust gas flow generated in the combustion zone (shown in thick solid lines) to correspond approximately to the global O 2 concentration, that is to say the total O 2 concentration present in the exhaust gas generated in the combustion chamber (shown in thin dashed lines).
  • the locally measured O 2 concentration is much lower than the globally measured O 2 concentration.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
US14/008,798 2011-03-29 2012-03-28 Method for optimizing the burnout of exhaust gases of an incinerator Abandoned US20140182492A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11002575.6 2011-03-29
EP11002575A EP2505919A1 (de) 2011-03-29 2011-03-29 Verfahren zur Optimierung des Ausbrands von Abgasen einer Verbrennungsanlage durch Homogenisierung der Abgase über dem Brennbett mittels Abgas-Einspritzung
PCT/EP2012/001361 WO2012130446A1 (de) 2011-03-29 2012-03-28 Verfahren zur optimierung des ausbrands von abgasen einer verbrennungsanlage

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US20140182492A1 true US20140182492A1 (en) 2014-07-03

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US14/008,798 Abandoned US20140182492A1 (en) 2011-03-29 2012-03-28 Method for optimizing the burnout of exhaust gases of an incinerator

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US (1) US20140182492A1 (pl)
EP (2) EP2505919A1 (pl)
JP (1) JP2014513786A (pl)
ES (1) ES2647667T5 (pl)
FI (1) FI2691701T4 (pl)
NO (1) NO2691701T3 (pl)
PL (1) PL2691701T5 (pl)
RS (1) RS56483B2 (pl)
WO (1) WO2012130446A1 (pl)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3193084A4 (en) * 2014-09-12 2017-07-19 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental & Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd. Stoker-type incinerator
US20200182462A1 (en) * 2018-12-07 2020-06-11 Eco Burn Inc. System for the dynamic movement of waste in an incinerator

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JP2015068517A (ja) * 2013-09-27 2015-04-13 日立造船株式会社 焼却炉における燃焼運転方法および焼却炉
JP6992194B2 (ja) * 2018-10-05 2022-01-13 三菱重工業株式会社 ストーカ式焼却設備及び被焼却物の焼却方法
PH12021552189A1 (en) * 2019-03-15 2023-01-04 Hitachi Zosen Corp Incinerator

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3193084A4 (en) * 2014-09-12 2017-07-19 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental & Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd. Stoker-type incinerator
US10386064B2 (en) 2014-09-12 2019-08-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental & Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd. Stoker-type incinerator
US20200182462A1 (en) * 2018-12-07 2020-06-11 Eco Burn Inc. System for the dynamic movement of waste in an incinerator
US10816197B2 (en) * 2018-12-07 2020-10-27 Eco Burn Inc. System for the dynamic movement of waste in an incinerator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2505919A1 (de) 2012-10-03
RS56483B2 (sr) 2024-04-30
JP2014513786A (ja) 2014-06-05
EP2691701B2 (de) 2024-03-20
EP2691701A1 (de) 2014-02-05
WO2012130446A1 (de) 2012-10-04
NO2691701T3 (pl) 2018-01-20
FI2691701T4 (en) 2024-04-04
EP2691701B1 (de) 2017-08-23
PL2691701T5 (pl) 2024-07-15
RS56483B1 (sr) 2018-01-31
ES2647667T3 (es) 2017-12-26
ES2647667T5 (es) 2024-09-19
PL2691701T3 (pl) 2018-01-31

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