US20170067191A1 - Reinforcing textile structure for composite materials - Google Patents

Reinforcing textile structure for composite materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US20170067191A1
US20170067191A1 US15/123,129 US201515123129A US2017067191A1 US 20170067191 A1 US20170067191 A1 US 20170067191A1 US 201515123129 A US201515123129 A US 201515123129A US 2017067191 A1 US2017067191 A1 US 2017067191A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
yarns
warp yarns
type
complex
warp
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Abandoned
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US15/123,129
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English (en)
Inventor
Jean-Michel Gault
Julie Fourel
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Chomarat Textiles Industries SAS
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Chomarat Textiles Industries SAS
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Assigned to CHOMARAT TEXTILES INDUSTRIES reassignment CHOMARAT TEXTILES INDUSTRIES ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FOUREL, Julie, GAULT, JEAN-MICHEL
Publication of US20170067191A1 publication Critical patent/US20170067191A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D19/00—Gauze or leno-woven fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/43—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads with differing diameters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/063—Load-responsive characteristics high strength
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs

Definitions

  • the manufacturing of composite materials based on fibrous reinforcements may be performed by infusion techniques, where the resin is introduced into a mold at specific points, and displaces within or around the fibrous layers towards suction points.
  • the infusion method is based on three fundamental physical principles, which are pressure difference, resin viscosity, and permeability. Indeed, the resin migration through the textile structure (impregnation) cannot occur if the permeability is not sufficient and if the pressure in the mold is constant.
  • the permeability of a reinforcement designates its ability to be crossed by a fluid, in the case in point, resin. At a microscopic scale, it is linked to the microporosities of the strands (fiber assemblies). At a mesoscopic scale, it is linked to the spaces which separate the strands forming the reinforcement weave. At a macroscopic scale, it depends on the reinforcement weave. The permeability is expressed in m 2 .
  • Conventional fabrics of roving type (twill weave, canvas, standard gauze . . . ), or Non Crimp Fabrics (NCF) used in the infusion method have a permeability in the range from 10 ⁇ 10 to 10 ⁇ 11 m 2 for glass. Such a permeability is generally not sufficient to guarantee a correct filling of the part, which generally has a large size.
  • two types of infusion may be used for monolithic structures.
  • an infusion with an external draining can thus be performed.
  • the resin flows by means of a strongly permeable drainage fabric placed above the stack of preformed fibers.
  • the pressure difference between the resin inlet, located at the draining level, and the vent, located on the base of the preform, causes the infusion of the resin, first in the drainage fabric, and then across the thickness of the dry preforms.
  • the external draining fabric is then removed from the part by means of a peel ply.
  • the main disadvantage of this method is the large amount of waste (peel ply, external drainage net) and the time necessary to install the consumables.
  • a method of infusion with an internal drainage is also known.
  • the drainage fabric is positioned within the textile structure. It is a very porous layer allowing a good resin flow through the preform. It generally is a Continuous Filaments Mat or a synthetic net which will remain in the room.
  • the major disadvantage of this type of product is the impact on the mechanical properties due to the increase in the resin rate in the final laminate.
  • the fibrous plies are formed of unidirectional structures comprising high-count and high-tenacity yarns.
  • Each of the plies is deformed so that the weft yarns have an inclination which is not perpendicular to the warp direction.
  • a plurality of such plies is associated, by combining different inclinations of the reinforcing yarns.
  • the assembly is formed without inserting core layers to ease the flow.
  • the inclination of the different yarns of the stacked plies enables the resin to flow.
  • the invention thus intends to provide a solution which has both a good longitudinal permeability to resin for an easy impregnation during the infusion process, combined with a high mechanical performance for the obtained composite material.
  • the invention relates to a textile reinforcing structure for composite materials, intended to form an intermediate layer to be integrated in a textile complex formed of a stack of textile layers with a view to their impregnation by a polymer resin.
  • the invention comprises forming an intermediate layer which has good mechanical properties, due to the fact that it is made of high-tenacity yarns, and which has a good permeability to resin along the warp and/or weft direction.
  • This layer is thus used as a “structural internal drain”, thus combining the advantages in terms of permeability of a synthetic internal drain and of mechanical characteristics close to those of a standard reinforcement.
  • the leno configuration with two yarns of different nature results in that some of these yarns, that is, the high-tenacity yarns, have a limited or even no crimp and define together channels where the resin can easily flow.
  • the channels are all the better defined as part of the warp yarns, that is, the high-tenacity yarns, all are on the same side of the weft yarn ply. Only the warp yarns of the second type hold the main yarns together.
  • the low crimp of high-tenacity warp yarns is all the more significant as the tension difference between the two types of warp yarns is significant. It is also by a lesser extent a function of the count difference between the two types of yarns. This indeed enables to work with tension differences on the two types of warp yarns, so that the yarn having the lowest count supports the greatest crimp.
  • the yarns of the second type may be of different natures, that is, either organic synthetic yarns, or high-tenacity yarns similar to the main yarns.
  • the entire characteristic layer can thus be formed with high-tenacity yarns, which may be advantageous for certain compatibility or heat resistance properties, although the yarn of the second type does not take part in the mechanical resistance of the product.
  • the mechanical reinforcement properties in the warp and weft direction may be very finely adjusted by accordingly selecting the masses per unit area of the weft and warp yarns.
  • the reinforcement is substantially balanced. This enables to create channels not only in the warp direction, but also in the weft direction, which provides a significant permeability in both directions. However, in the case where the permeability only needs to be increased in a single direction, that is, the warp direction, lower-count weft yarns may be used.
  • the influence of the binding yarns may be all the smaller as the mass per unit area of the warp yarns of the first type is greater by more than eight or at least from three to four times that of the weft yarns of the second type.
  • the resin flow capacity may be modulated according to the width of the channels defined between the main yarns.
  • it may be provided for the channels between yarns to be of the order of magnitude of the width of a yarn.
  • the gap between the warp (and weft) yarns may be between two and three times the width of one of these yarns.
  • channels of greater width by providing a gap between yarns which is for example greater than four times the width of a yarn.
  • the size of the channels between the warp yarns of highest count may advantageously be in the range from 0.5 to 3 mm for a good permeability in the warp direction. Indeed, below 0.5 mm, the interval is not sufficient to give way to the resin and, above 3 mm, a phenomenon of interlocking of the reinforcements when vacuum is created can be observed. It can thus be observed that the textile structures placed on either side of the draining fabric may clog the channels as vacuum is applied and cause a drop in the permeability of the product.
  • the intermediate layer may be associated with one or a plurality of additional layers enabling to increase the flow capacity.
  • the additional layers are formed from high-tenacity yarns having a composition identical to that of the reinforcing layers of the complex. It may for example be a veil, or a mat of glass fibers, which by its bulk eases the flowing of resin during the molding, and improves the draining effect of the characteristic intermediate layer, with no added synthetic material.
  • the use of a glass mat also improves the isotropy of the complex, by attenuating the anisotropy induced by the directions of the reinforcement yarns of the structural draining layer.
  • this additional layer may itself be formed of a stack of elementary layers if need be.
  • Such an intermediate layer has significant permeability properties at least in one direction, combined with high mechanical properties. It can thus be associated by lamination with as many reinforcement layers as necessary. In stacks of a large number of reinforcing layers, it may replace a reinforcing layer, thus gaining the draining effect while keeping a high mechanical performance level.
  • the lamination may conventionally be performed by sewing, gluing or needle punching, possibly by assembly with one or a plurality of overlays.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view of a textile structure forming the intermediate draining layer of a complex according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are cross-section views respectively along planes II-II′ and III-III′ of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-section view of a complex according to the invention, including the intermediate layer of FIG. 1 .
  • the draining and structuring intermediate layer such as illustrated in FIG. 1 , comprises weft yarns 2 and warp yarns 3 , 4 .
  • Weft yarns 2 are arranged parallel to one another and have almost no crimp.
  • Warp yarns 3 , 4 are associated in pairs.
  • the weaving is performed by using a leno weave between the two weft yarns 4 and 3 on the one hand, and weft yarn 2 on the other hand.
  • the two warp yarns 3 , 4 are interlocked around the frame.
  • the main warp yarns 3 are all arranged on the same side as the ply of weft yarns 2 , and the warp yarns 4 of the second type, that is, of lowest count, run from one surface to the other of the structure with a significant crimp.
  • weft yarn 2 a 1,200-tex glass yarn, with a 468-g/m 2 mass per unit area;
  • warp yarn 3 of the first type a 1,200-tex glass yarn, with a 438-g/m 2 mass per unit area;
  • warp yarn 4 of the second type a 28-tex polyester yarn, with a 16-g/m 2 mass per unit area;
  • gap between warp yarns repeated pattern with two yarns separated by 4 mm and then 4 yarns separated by from 0.5 to 0.7 mm.
  • weft yarn 2 a 600-tex glass yarn, with a 240-g/m 2 mass per unit area;
  • warp yarn 3 of the first type a 600-tex glass yarn, with a 240-g/m 2 mass per unit area;
  • warp yarn 4 of the second type a 28-tex polyester yarn, with a 20-g/m 2 mass per unit area;
  • weft yarn 2 a 600-tex glass yarn, with a 276-g/m 2 mass per unit area;
  • warp yarn 3 of the first type a 1,200-tex glass yarn, with a 280-g/m 2 mass per unit area;
  • warp yarn 4 of the second type a 28-tex polyester yarn, with a 8-g/m 2 mass per unit area;
  • weft glass yarns 2 are thinner, but are arranged with a smaller pitch, to form a gap in the order of one millimeter, corresponding to the width of a weft yarn.
  • weft yarn 2 a 600-tex glass yarn, with a 276-g/m 2 mass per unit area;
  • warp yarn 3 of the first type a 600-tex glass yarn, with a 240-g/m 2 mass per unit area;
  • weft yarn 4 of the second type a 28-tex polyester yarn, with a 18-g/m 2 mass per unit area.
  • Permeability is a physical characteristic which designates the ability of a material to allow the transfer of fluid through a connected network. Darcy's law enables to link a flow rate to a pressure gradient applied to the fluid due to a characteristic parameter of the medium which is crossed, that is, permeability k.
  • the permeability can be measured along 3 axes.
  • the permeability indicated in the above table corresponds to the permeability measured in the plane of the reinforcement, along the warp direction.
  • draining properties of this characteristic layer can be expressed in complexes used to manufacture composite parts.
  • Such complexes include a plurality of reinforcing layers selected for their mechanical properties.
  • draining layer 1 may be integrated within a stack of a plurality of reinforcing layers 11 - 16 formed by weaving of warp yarns 20 and weft yarns 21 , and having numbers and orientations determined according to the general mechanical properties desired for the final composite part.
  • the reinforcement structure according to the invention enables to combine structural reinforcement properties with a good permeability, thus providing a draining structural reinforcement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
US15/123,129 2014-03-04 2015-03-04 Reinforcing textile structure for composite materials Abandoned US20170067191A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1451734 2014-03-04
FR1451734A FR3018285B1 (fr) 2014-03-04 2014-03-04 Structure textile de renforcement pour materiaux composites
PCT/FR2015/050520 WO2015132526A1 (fr) 2014-03-04 2015-03-04 Structure textile de renforcement pour matériaux composites

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20170067191A1 true US20170067191A1 (en) 2017-03-09

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/123,129 Abandoned US20170067191A1 (en) 2014-03-04 2015-03-04 Reinforcing textile structure for composite materials

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20170067191A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3114262B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20160130259A (fr)
CN (1) CN106460259A (fr)
ES (1) ES2895103T3 (fr)
FR (1) FR3018285B1 (fr)
MA (1) MA39491A (fr)
PL (1) PL3114262T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT3114262T (fr)
WO (1) WO2015132526A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11753754B2 (en) 2018-08-21 2023-09-12 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Multiaxial reinforcing fabric with a stitching yarn for improved fabric infusion
US11913148B2 (en) 2018-08-21 2024-02-27 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Hybrid reinforcement fabric

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106968041B (zh) * 2017-05-25 2018-08-14 浩珂科技有限公司 一种单向高强机织土工布
CA3110168A1 (fr) * 2018-08-21 2020-02-27 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Tissu de renforcement hybride
TR2022021807A1 (tr) * 2022-12-30 2024-07-22 Kuecuekcalik Tekstil Sanayii Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi Perde uygulamalarina yöneli̇k kumaş ve bunun üreti̇m yöntemi̇

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5110656A (en) * 1989-03-15 1992-05-05 Kanebo Ltd. Impregnated leno fabric and reinforced inorganic matrix article
FR2646442B1 (fr) 1989-04-28 1993-04-02 Chomarat & Cie Armature textile utilisable pour la realisation de materiaux composites et articles en forme comportant une telle armature
JPH0340834A (ja) * 1989-07-07 1991-02-21 Kanebo Ltd カーボン繊維からみ織物の製造方法
FR2716466B1 (fr) 1994-02-24 1996-04-12 Chomarat & Cie Armature textile utilisable pour la réalisation de complexes stratifiés.
US7579292B2 (en) * 2003-08-11 2009-08-25 Vrac, Llc Open-work knitted textile resin infusion medium and reinforcing composite lamina
FR2870861B1 (fr) * 2004-05-27 2008-01-18 Chomarat Composites Soc Par Ac Complexe textile destine a etre integre dans la structure d'une piece moulee obtenue par infusion de resine
US7341076B2 (en) * 2006-04-10 2008-03-11 Nv Bekaert Sa Woven fabric comprising leno weave bound metal
WO2009144244A1 (fr) * 2008-05-29 2009-12-03 Milliken & Company Couche de bande à tissage leno pour pneumatique
FR2932820B1 (fr) * 2008-06-23 2012-11-16 Mdb Texinov Sa Nappe et grille de renfort avec introduction de fibres minerales pour les ouvrages de genie civil.

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11753754B2 (en) 2018-08-21 2023-09-12 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Multiaxial reinforcing fabric with a stitching yarn for improved fabric infusion
US11913148B2 (en) 2018-08-21 2024-02-27 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Hybrid reinforcement fabric

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT3114262T (pt) 2021-10-26
EP3114262B1 (fr) 2021-09-22
ES2895103T3 (es) 2022-02-17
MA39491A (fr) 2015-09-11
KR20160130259A (ko) 2016-11-10
FR3018285B1 (fr) 2016-05-13
CN106460259A (zh) 2017-02-22
EP3114262A1 (fr) 2017-01-11
FR3018285A1 (fr) 2015-09-11
PL3114262T3 (pl) 2022-02-07
WO2015132526A1 (fr) 2015-09-11

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