US2252187A - Arrangement in combustion motor, compressor, or the like - Google Patents

Arrangement in combustion motor, compressor, or the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US2252187A
US2252187A US359688A US35968840A US2252187A US 2252187 A US2252187 A US 2252187A US 359688 A US359688 A US 359688A US 35968840 A US35968840 A US 35968840A US 2252187 A US2252187 A US 2252187A
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United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
rotation
gas
inlet
conduit
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US359688A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kylen Karl Erik
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SKF AB
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Svenska Kullagerfabriken AB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/12—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
    • F04B39/125—Cylinder heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2700/00—Measures relating to the combustion process without indication of the kind of fuel or with more than one fuel
    • F02B2700/02—Four stroke engines
    • F02B2700/021—Four stroke engines with measures for removing exhaust gases from the cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2700/00—Measures relating to the combustion process without indication of the kind of fuel or with more than one fuel
    • F02B2700/02—Four stroke engines
    • F02B2700/023—Four stroke engines with measures for charging, increasing the power

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an arrangement in combustion motors, compressors, or the like, and has for its purpose to increase the pres sure of the gas or air around or adjacent to the .inlet ports to the working chamber, for instance the cylinder.
  • Another object of the invention' is to permit the scavenging or the supply of fresh gas mixture or scavenging air to take place with the least possible consumption of power.
  • a Iurther object of the invention is to attain a full charge of gas mixture or air in the working chamber.
  • this can take place in such a manner that a certain amount of work is performed in a compressor, or the like, connected to the combustion motor or thus-performed iswholly or partly transformed into kinetic energy, which at or near the inlet ports of the working chamber is again transformed into pressure energy.
  • the work The invention is characterized substantially'by one or more chambers, or the like, arranged in the inlet and/or outlet conduits of the working chamber, said chambers being preferably circular form and being providedwithone or more substanidally tangentially directed admission open-' lugs for the introduction of the .combustive gas into the chamber, in order that the combustive gas may be given a speedy rotation in the chambet and having one or more exhaust openings for the escape of the combustive gas from the chamber, said ports being located at or adjacent the outer circumference ofthe chamber.
  • Figure 1 shows a pressure diagram for the crank case and the distributing chamber of a twoestroke motor.
  • Figure*2 shows a corresponding diagram for a rotation chamber of a four-stroke motor.
  • - Figure 3 is a section perpendicular to the 'cording to Figure 7.
  • Figure 8 is a section along the line VIII-NIH in Figure '7.
  • Figure 91 s a section along the line IX-IX-in Figure 7.
  • Figure 10 is a modified form of Figure 11 is a section along the line 2H--XI in Figure 10.
  • FIG. 12 is a vertical section through a modified form of a rotation chamber.
  • Figure'13 is a section along the line XIII-XIII v in Figure 12.
  • Figure 14 is a vertical section through a rotation chamber with a single centrally disposed inlet valve to the working cylinder.
  • Figure 15 is a section alon the line XVXV in Figure 14,
  • Figure 16 is a vertical section through a rotation chamber of substantially. conicaliorm.
  • Figure 17 is a section alongthe XVII in Figure 16.
  • crank shaft through a four-stroke motor, to
  • Figure 4 is a section along the line IV--IV.i Figure 3.
  • Figure5 is a'section through a modified form of the motor shown in Figure 3.
  • Figure 6 is a section through the distributing chamber in Fi ure 5.
  • Figure '7 is a section "perpendicular to the crank shaft through a two-stroke motor with crank housing compression, to which the invention is applied.
  • the connecting conduit has a relatively small sectional area or if the gas mixture is compressed to a certain overpressure in the crank case, before the exhaust port from the crank case opens, a certain amount of work I flow of gas from the crank case to the distributing chamber then takes place with great velocity.
  • the increase of pressure in the crank case is illustrated by the curve bin Figure l.
  • the curve the motor acc gives the approximate increase of pressure in the gas chamber when the increase of pressure in the crank case is according to the curve b.
  • the work spent on the gas in the crank case or the work required for pressing the gas from the crank case through the over-flow conduit to the distribution chamber is represented in the diagram by the hatched surface A shown between the curves b and c.
  • the kinetic energy of the charge of gas indicated by the surface A in Figure 1 is accumulated by imparting rotation to the rapidly flowing gases in the preferably circular distributing chamber.
  • This rotation is attained by the inlet conduit opening tangentially into the said chamber.
  • Owing to the rapid rotation of the gases in the distributing chamber an increased pressure against the outer walls or the chamber and a corresponding decrease in pressure towards the centre of the chamber ensue.
  • the pressure at the outer wall will be greater than the average pressure P1 distributing chamber, they will open more rapidly than at the low pressure attained by an ordinary radial flow into the distributing chamher.
  • the efi'iciency of the valves is thus substantially increased, and the distributing chamber is more effectively emptied of its contents.
  • Figure 2 shows a compression diagram for the distributing chamber of a four-stroke motor.
  • the curve e indicates the variation of pressure when the cylinder is charged slowly or without the arrangement according to the invention, and the curve I shows the variation of pressure with the, arrangement according to the invention applied. From the curves it is apparent that the final pressure in this case is higher than otherwise.
  • the cross hatched surface B between the curves indicates the extra work performed for obtaining the increase of pressure, i. e. for the increased charge.
  • I designates the piston, which moves up and down in the cylinder 2, thereby driving the crank pin 3 and the crank shaft 4.
  • the inlet valves 5 open from a chamber 6 and may either be of selfacting type or governed by a suitable mechanism of known type, for instance a cam device.
  • the exhaust valve 1 connects the cylinder with the exhaust pipe 8.
  • a rotation chamber I0 is connected tothe chamber 6 by means of a conduit 9.
  • the chamber H is circular in section.
  • an admission conduit II which is connected with the chamber II) by means of -a number of openings l2.
  • the openings l2 are directed more or less tangentially relative to the annular chamber [0, and the connecting conduit 9 is connected tangentially to the outer wall of the chamber Ill.
  • the openings H are directed towards the opening of the connecting conduit.
  • the arrangement functions in the following manner. After the piston has moved a bit of its way downwards in the cylinder 2, the inlet valves 5 open, and the charge flows with great velocity into the cylinder under the influence of the difference in pressure caused by the partial vacuum obtaining in the cylinder. to obtain this partial vacuum, it is necessary to use some of the power of the motor. This power is then transformed into kinetic energy of the air or gas mixture to be introduced into the motor, and this kinetic energy is accumulated in the form of rotating movement of the air or gas mixture, thereby that the air or gas mixture which flows in through the openings l2 to the chamber H] are given the desired movement by the oblique position of the openings 12 and the form of the chamber l0.
  • the rotation chamber will serve as a compressor, although the rotation of the air or gas mixture is not obtained by means of an impeller but by the aid of tangential inlet or exhaust conduits to and from the rotation chamber.
  • the area of flow of the openings I! can be varied in appropriate manner, for instance by means of a sleeve or the like slidable in the longitudinal direction of the conduit II,
  • the sleeve can be operated so as to close a certain suitable part of the openings.
  • the openings can be adjusted in such a manner, that the inflow takes place continuously and not only during the suction period of the motor.
  • the time of inflow having thus been increased, it is possible to use a smaller carburettor than otherwise generally necessary with motors of the same size.
  • the embodiment shown in Figures 5 and 6 differs from that shown and described in connection with Figures 3 and 4 only that the distributing chamber 6 is also formed as a rotation chamber, and the conduit 9 opens tangentially to this chamber.
  • the inlet valves 5 are disposed at a relatively great radius and are thus acted upon by the increased pressure caused by the rotation.
  • the exhaust valve I is arranged at In order Hereby 2,252,187 the centre of the cylinder top, and the exhaust pipe is connected to the cylinder inside the annular rotation chamber 6, Through this embodiment two rotation chambers are obtained, i. e., the chamber l0 and the distributing'chambet 6, which ofler the, possibility to double the accumulation of kinetic energy.
  • Figures 7, 8, and 9 show the inventionapplied toa two-strokev motor, in which the air or gas mixture is admitted to the cylinder at one end and the burnt gases escape through exhaust ports.
  • crank case It is arranged as a compressor.
  • the crank arms H are formed as circular'discs, and
  • thecrank case is shaped to conform closely thereto, whereby the clearance in the crank house compressor can be reduced to a minimum.
  • the channel it opens tangentially into a circular rotation chamber 2
  • the valves 22 are shown as of selfacting type. In order that the valve arrangements shall not impede the rotation of the gases in the chamber 2
  • the valves 22 are arranged in pocket formed rooms 25,'the openings of which are directed against the flow of incoming gasesfrom the channel l9, in order to direct the said gases to the valves and as far as possible make use of their kinetic energy.
  • the motor according to Figures 10 and 11 differs from the one shown in Figure 7 substantially thereby that the overflow channel It is connected centrally to the rotation chamber 2
  • the rotating movement is imparted to the gases thereby that the inlet openings 28 from the channel I9 to the chamber 2
  • This embodiment offers the advantage, that the gases are introduced in the rotation chamber at the place where, owing to the rotation, the pressure and consequently the resistance against the in-flow islowest.
  • the conditions will therefore be similar to, those in the rotation chamber, as shown in Figures 3 and 5.
  • the rotation chamber according to Figures 16 e and 17 is of substan ially conical form.
  • takes place tangentially from the inlet channel l9, and the valves 22 are disposed at a greater diameter than the diameter at the inlet place, Through this arrangement the gases flow in at a place near the axis of rotation of the gas mass, where the pressure is low which affords advantages, as mentioned above.
  • the cross-sectional area of the over-w channel l9 should not be too great. This area should be in appropriate relation to the desired speed of rotation in the rotation chambers l0 and 2
  • a gas apparatus the combination with a working chamber, of a gas conduit leading to it, a rotation chamber in said conduit, said rotation chamber having a substantially circular outer wall, there being a complete, uninterrupted annular space adjacent to said wall, a substantially tangentially directed inlet from the conduit to the chamber for imparting rotation to the gases in the annular'space of the chamber, and an outlet from said annular space of the chamber to the conduit, the said outlet being farther from the center of the chamber than the said inlet.
  • a rotation chamber in said conduit said rotation chamber having a substantially circularinner wall and a substantially circular outer wall substantially concentric thereto, the said walls enclosing a complete uninterrupted annular space, the said inner wall having a substantially tangentially directed inlet opening from the said conduit for imparting rotation to the gases in the chamber, there being an outlet opening from the chamber to the conduit disposed at or near the outer circumference of the chamber.
  • valves to the working chamber being provided in the rotation chamber and means for screening said valves comprising a circular wall of less diameter than the diameter of the rotation chamber at the same height and located substantially concentric with the rotation chamber, whereby an annular space is formed connecting the chamber of rotation proper with the distributing chamber.
  • a gas apparatus the combination with a working chamber, of a gas conduit leading into it, a rotation chamber in said conduit, a tan-' gentially directed inlet opening into such rotation chamber and a discharge opening disposed at its outer circumference, the said inlet and discharge being from and to the said conduit, there being a number of inlet valves and a distributing chamber for the distribution of gas thereto, the said distributing chamber being formed as a rotation chamber having a central opening, said rotation chamber having an annular form and the outlet conduit from the working chamber passing the central opening of the rotation chamber.
  • An arrangement according to claim 7 having a single valve to the working chamber located in the middle of the rotating chamber, characterized by guide blades arranged about the valve and being preferably directed substantially tangentially and conducting the gases from the outer part of the rotation chamber to the valve.
  • An arrangement according to claim 13 characterized by self-acting valves connecting the rotation chamber with the working chamber.
  • a rotation chamber having an inlet for said gas and an outlet to the working chamber, said rotation chamber having a substantially circular wall and adjoining said wall a complete uninterrupted annular space, said inlet being directed substantially tangentially for imparting rotation to the gas in said annular space, thereby increasing the pressure of the gas in the peripheral area of the chamber toward said wall, and said outlet being located in said peripheral area of increased pressure.
  • a rotation chamber having an inlet for said gas and an outlet to the working chamber, said rotation chamber having a substantially circular wall and adjoining said wall 'a complete uninterrupted annular space, said inlet being directed substantially tangentially for imparting rotation to the gas in said annular space, thereby increasing the pressure of the gas in the peripheral area of the chamber'toward said-wall, and said outlet being located in said peripheral area of increased pressure, and valve means between said chambers controlling the inlet to the working chamber.
  • a gas apparatus the combination with a working chamber, of means for charging said chamber with gas, said means comprising a rota- '-tion chamber having an inlet for said gas and an outlet to the working chamber, .said rotation chamber having a substantially circular wall and 10- adjoining said wall a complete uninterrupted anv nular space, said inlet being directed substan-

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
US359688A 1939-11-27 1940-10-04 Arrangement in combustion motor, compressor, or the like Expired - Lifetime US2252187A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE2252187X 1939-11-27

Publications (1)

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US2252187A true US2252187A (en) 1941-08-12

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US (1) US2252187A (fr)
CH (1) CH220825A (fr)
FR (1) FR870828A (fr)
GB (1) GB545550A (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE908209C (de) * 1951-08-26 1954-04-01 Alfred Knecht Verfahren und Einrichtung zur leistungssteigernden Zufuehrung gereinigter Frischluft bei Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, insbesondere bei Dieselmotoren
US4995349A (en) * 1988-02-08 1991-02-26 Walbro Corporation Stratified air scavenging in two-stroke engine
US5615644A (en) * 1995-06-20 1997-04-01 Piaggio Veicoli Europei S.P.A. Valve arrangement in an internal combustion engine
EP1146230A3 (fr) * 2000-04-11 2003-01-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Tête de cylindre pour les soupapes d'un compresseur
DE102018127879A1 (de) * 2018-11-08 2020-05-14 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Brennkraftmaschine mit Ringkanal im Frischgasstrang

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114382675B (zh) * 2022-03-24 2022-06-10 河北晖普采暖设备有限公司 一种连续制热空气源热泵热水机组

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE908209C (de) * 1951-08-26 1954-04-01 Alfred Knecht Verfahren und Einrichtung zur leistungssteigernden Zufuehrung gereinigter Frischluft bei Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, insbesondere bei Dieselmotoren
US4995349A (en) * 1988-02-08 1991-02-26 Walbro Corporation Stratified air scavenging in two-stroke engine
US5615644A (en) * 1995-06-20 1997-04-01 Piaggio Veicoli Europei S.P.A. Valve arrangement in an internal combustion engine
EP1146230A3 (fr) * 2000-04-11 2003-01-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Tête de cylindre pour les soupapes d'un compresseur
DE102018127879A1 (de) * 2018-11-08 2020-05-14 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Brennkraftmaschine mit Ringkanal im Frischgasstrang

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH220825A (de) 1942-04-30
GB545550A (en) 1942-06-01
FR870828A (fr) 1942-03-25

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