US2256771A - Method of coating articles by cathode disintegration - Google Patents

Method of coating articles by cathode disintegration Download PDF

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Publication number
US2256771A
US2256771A US219293A US21929338A US2256771A US 2256771 A US2256771 A US 2256771A US 219293 A US219293 A US 219293A US 21929338 A US21929338 A US 21929338A US 2256771 A US2256771 A US 2256771A
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United States
Prior art keywords
articles
disintegration
housing
cathode
coating
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US219293A
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English (en)
Inventor
Berghaus Bernhard
Burkhardt Wilhelm
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Individual
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Individual
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/34—Sputtering
    • C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of coating articles by means of particles disintegrated from a cathode.
  • the invention relates to a method of coating articles by cathode disintegration, wherein the impinge either on the articles and the suspen-.
  • the cathode material deposited on the suspension devices which are constructed in an easily removable manner and preferably consist of the materialto be disintegrated, can be easily recovered.
  • the anode voltage may be applied to the articles to be coated.
  • the articles may be so connected as to carry a negative voltage with respect to the anode, and be surrounded by a. glow fringe.
  • a second conductor may be introduced in an insulated manner, provided with a replaceable disc-shaped electrode connected as an anode, which may consist of the material to be disintegrated.
  • the output on the surface of the articles per square centimeter is smaller than the load on the cathode-to be disintegrated.
  • the load itself is to be coated consists. when use is made of alternating current voltage for the disintegration,
  • the source of alternating current voltage is connected preferably with the one terminal to the articles to be coated, and with the other ter-v minal to the-cathode to be disintegrated.
  • thermoelectric tube generators produced by thermionic tube generators, may
  • the article Before the beginning of the disintegration of the cathode material, in the case of direct current, the article is first subjected to a preliminary disintegration, whereby it is attained that the material to be provided thereon will adhere especially firmly.
  • the load on the article In the case of alternating current disintegration the load on the article is higher than with respect to that on the cathode to be disintegrated, so that the surface of the articles is again cleaned before the coating thereof. Thereupon the disintegration conditions are so adjusted that materialis deposited on the articles.
  • the vessel may be made solid of the cathode material, such as iron, copper, nickel, magnesium, aluminum and the like, but, in the case of expensive materials, such as silver, gold, platinum, rhodium, or of materials which have not suiiicient strength, such as cadmium, tin, zinc, or materials the shape of which cannot be changed, or only with difficulty changed, such as beryllium, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, the disintegration vessel may be coated with these materials on its inner wall. In the case of disintegration of materials up to a fusing point of about 1100?
  • the miterial to be disintegrated may also be fused on the bottom of the vessel by heating with glow current and be disintegrated from the melt;
  • the reduced pressures for'the disintegration may be adjusted-to lie between 10 and0.00l and preferably between 1.5 and 0.1 millimeters of mercury.
  • Figure 4 is a third diagram of connections. Referring to Figure 1 which illustrates a sec- .13 is arranged in parallel circuit relation with tionthrough cathode disintegration apparatus,
  • the whole of the inner surface of the housing I forms a cathode which surrounds the articles to be coated.
  • The. housing is closed in a vacuumtight manner by a cover 2 and a seal 3.
  • the cover is secured to the vessel
  • the articles l3 to be coated are, for instance,
  • Rings of insulating and sealing material are indicated at IL! and I9, and a metallic screen- 1 ing sleeve is provided, the hollow flange 2
  • the positive voltage is supplied to the screening sleeve through the cable 23.
  • the screening sleeve 20 may be provided at its end with an anode 24 which may for instance be disc-shaped.
  • the cover of the vessel is provided with a jacket 25 to which the cooling medium is supplied-by.
  • the pipe 26 and the cooling medium is discharged through a pipe connection 21.
  • FIG. 2 a diagram of con-, snections which is, for instance, used in the in-' stallation according to Fig. 1.
  • the source of direct current high voltage 58 is connected with the positive terminal thereof to the anode 24 overia resistance 60 and the negative terminal is connected over the switch 62 to the wall of the cathode disintegration housing I.
  • the articles l3 are connected to a sliding contact of a resistance. 65, which is connected in parallel with thesource of direct current voltage.
  • the vac- :uum pump is represented at 65 and is connected over the valve 61 with the distintegration chamber, and a hydrogen flask H is connected over the valve 68 withfthe disintegration chamber,
  • a transformer 10 is connected to the supply line 69 and one terminal of the secondary of this transformer is The other terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer is connected to thearticles I3 within the housing I through a rectifier 12. 'An adjustable resistor respect to the rectifier. The rectifier prevents the passage of current therethrough during one cycle so that the load of the disintegrating current can be regulated by the shunt resistor I3.
  • the method of coating an article which comprises, surrounding the article to be coated with a housing having an inner surface formed of metallic material adapted to provide the coating for the article, sealing the housing, adjust ing the pressure within the housing to support cathode disintegration therein, and electrically disintegrating particles from all -points along the inner surface of said housing onto said article whereby the entire surface of the article is simultaneously coated.
  • the method of coating articles which comprises, surrounding the articles to be coated with a housing having an inner surface formed of metallic material adapted to provide the coating for the articles, sealing the housing, adjusting the pressure within the housing to a range be-' tween 10 and 0.001 millimeters of mercury, and electrically disintegrating particles from all portions of the inner surface of said housing onto the articles whereby all surfaces of the articles ure 3 differs from the diagram of connections I according to Fig. 2 in that the articles l3 carry the positive voltage and are connected over the resistance to the positive terminal of the source of voltage 58.
  • the arrangement shown in Fig. 4 includesithe are simultaneously coated.
  • the method of coating articles which comprises, supporting the articles within a sealed housing having the inner surface completely. covered with a metal adapted to form the coating of the articles, adjusting the pressure within the housing to support cathode disintegration of the tegrating metal particles from all points of the imer surf-ace of the housing whereby some of the particles impinge onto the articles and other particles engage the inner surface of the housing for further disintegration.
  • the method of coating an article which comprises, supporting the article within a sealed housing having the inner surface formed of a metallic material for the coating and which completely surrounds the article, adjusting the pressure within the housing to support cathode dis integration of the inner surface of the housing, impressing a direct currentvoltage across the housing and an electrode within the housing with the housing connected negatively-with respect to said electrode to disintegrate particles from all 'points of the inner surface of the housing onto the article, andimpressing a voltage across said with respect to said electrode.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
US219293A 1937-08-15 1938-07-14 Method of coating articles by cathode disintegration Expired - Lifetime US2256771A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB179593D DE722131C (de) 1937-08-15 1937-08-15 Anordnung und Verfahren zum Metallisieren von Gegenstaenden mittels Kathodenzerstaeubung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2256771A true US2256771A (en) 1941-09-23

Family

ID=7008665

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US219293A Expired - Lifetime US2256771A (en) 1937-08-15 1938-07-14 Method of coating articles by cathode disintegration

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2256771A (de)
CH (1) CH204862A (de)
DE (1) DE722131C (de)
ES (1) ES144125A1 (de)
FR (1) FR841903A (de)
GB (1) GB501500A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2416949A (en) * 1942-06-10 1947-03-04 Leeds & Northrup Co Cell for ph measurements
US2451877A (en) * 1945-10-06 1948-10-19 Reeves Hoffman Corp Method of manufacturing oscillator plates
US2456795A (en) * 1945-10-06 1948-12-21 Reeves Hoffman Corp Cathode sputtering apparatus for coating oscillator plates
US2553289A (en) * 1947-03-12 1951-05-15 Bausch & Lomb Method for depositing thin films
US2955998A (en) * 1953-02-17 1960-10-11 Berghaus Bernhard Process for carrying out technical operations in a glow discharge
US3354074A (en) * 1963-09-16 1967-11-21 Ibm Cylindrical cathode sputtering apparatus including means for establishing a quadrupole magnetic field transverse of the discharge
US4000335A (en) * 1974-09-20 1976-12-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Method of making photocathodes

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE752049C (de) * 1942-04-09 1954-03-08 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur Erzeugung von bemusterten Metallisierungen durch Bedampfung im Vakuum
CH310968A (de) * 1953-02-17 1955-11-15 Berghaus Elektrophysik Anst Verfahren zur thermischen, metallurgischen oder chemischen Behandlung von metallischen Gegenständen mittels elektrischer Glimmentladungen
CH404010A (de) * 1961-03-30 1965-12-15 Berghaus Elektrophysik Anst Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung technischer Prozesse unter Einwirkung einer elektrischen Glimmentladung
CH659484A5 (de) * 1984-04-19 1987-01-30 Balzers Hochvakuum Anordnung zur beschichtung von substraten mittels kathodenzerstaeubung.

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2416949A (en) * 1942-06-10 1947-03-04 Leeds & Northrup Co Cell for ph measurements
US2451877A (en) * 1945-10-06 1948-10-19 Reeves Hoffman Corp Method of manufacturing oscillator plates
US2456795A (en) * 1945-10-06 1948-12-21 Reeves Hoffman Corp Cathode sputtering apparatus for coating oscillator plates
US2553289A (en) * 1947-03-12 1951-05-15 Bausch & Lomb Method for depositing thin films
US2955998A (en) * 1953-02-17 1960-10-11 Berghaus Bernhard Process for carrying out technical operations in a glow discharge
US3354074A (en) * 1963-09-16 1967-11-21 Ibm Cylindrical cathode sputtering apparatus including means for establishing a quadrupole magnetic field transverse of the discharge
US4000335A (en) * 1974-09-20 1976-12-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Method of making photocathodes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB501500A (en) 1939-02-28
ES144125A1 (es) 1938-09-16
DE722131C (de) 1942-07-01
CH204862A (de) 1939-05-31
FR841903A (fr) 1939-06-01

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