US2316214A - Control of electron flow - Google Patents

Control of electron flow Download PDF

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Publication number
US2316214A
US2316214A US356158A US35615840A US2316214A US 2316214 A US2316214 A US 2316214A US 356158 A US356158 A US 356158A US 35615840 A US35615840 A US 35615840A US 2316214 A US2316214 A US 2316214A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
electron
anode
cathode
filament
cup
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US356158A
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English (en)
Inventor
Zed J Atlee
Frank R Abbott
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric X Ray Corp
Original Assignee
General Electric X Ray Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric X Ray Corp filed Critical General Electric X Ray Corp
Priority to US356158A priority Critical patent/US2316214A/en
Priority to FR875263D priority patent/FR875263A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2316214A publication Critical patent/US2316214A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/06—Cathodes
    • H01J35/064—Details of the emitter, e.g. material or structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/06—Cathodes
    • H01J35/066—Details of electron optical components, e.g. cathode cups
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J2235/06—Cathode assembly
    • H01J2235/068—Multi-cathode assembly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/16—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith
    • H01J35/18—Windows

Definitions

  • Thisinvention relates in general to electron flow and has more particular reference to the control of electrons and the focusing thereof upon an electron target, the invention more especially relating to the focusing of electrons upon the anode target of an X-ray tube.
  • An important object of the present invention is to provide means whereby electrons may be caused to flow in predetermined paths from an electron source, whereby to focus the same upon a target, such as the anode target in an X-ray tube.
  • Another important object is to utilize means establishing an electrostatic potential field having equipotential force lines, in accordance with a desired pattern, extending between the electron source and a target upon which it is'desired to cause electrons to impinge, whereby to direct electrons emitted by said source along predetermined paths and thus to, focus the electrons on the target.
  • Another import-ant object' is to provide a cathode comprising an electron emission source havsion source and formed and arranged to produce, in the vicinity of said source, a field of force comprising equipotential lines having portions extending substantially normal to the direction in which it is desired to cause electrons emitted by said source to travel; a further object being to form the cathode as a cup having the electron emitting source, preferably a filament, disposed in said cup adjacent the bottom thereof so that the walls of the cup may aid in establishing equipotential force lines adjacent the filament for the purpose of causing electrons emitted by the filament to travel therefrom in a predetermined direction.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view illustratin the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a section taken substantially along the line 22 in Figure 1; and t Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional viewof electron flow control apparatus embodying the invention. l a
  • the drawing shows a co-operating cathode ll comprising an electron ing .cupped means in association with said emisemission source and. an anode l3 comprising a target l5 on which it may bedesired to cause electrons emitted at the cathode to impinge.
  • the invention while not necessarily restricted to electron flow control in X-ray tubes, is particularly welladapted for controlling the flow of electrons to and impingement thereof on the anode target of an X-ray tube.
  • the drawing illustrates a cathode l l and an anode I3 of types adapted for assembly in co-operating facing relationship in' the envelopeof an X-ray tube, the cathode H and anode l3' shown in Figure 1 being illustrated in the relative positions occupied thereby when assembled in a sealed envelope to form an X-ray tube.
  • the cathode ll comprises a cupshaped element I! having a flat bottom l9 and cylindrical walls 2
  • the electron emitting source comprises an elongated filament 25 mounted on suitable conducting supports 21 which extend through openings in the bottom [9 and support the filament adjacent the bottom of the cup, the conductors 21 serving also to connect the filament with a suitable source of filament exciting energy.
  • the anode [3 comprises a preferably cylindrical socketed element having cylindrical walls 29 defining a socket 3
  • t is desirable, if not essential, to control accurately the flow of electrons emitted at the cathode of an X-ray tube and to cause the same to travel predetermined paths toward the target IS in order to insure that the electrons impinge upon a predetermined area of the target, thus to influence of a potential difference maintained between the anode and. cathode.
  • the shape of equipotential force planes is naturally different along the electron flow path, but by establishing the field of force with equipotential planes of predetermined shape, the travel of the electrons between filament and target may be accurately controlled, although it is more important to determine the electron fiow path at and adjacent the electron emission source in order that electrons, during the initial stages of travel, may be started off in a desired direction.
  • the field strength on the electron emitting portion of the filament is preferably within the range of 2,000 to 10,000
  • the filament 25 comprises a substantially line electron emission source, and in order to produce the desired square sectional characteristics in the X-ray beam 33,as shown at 31, the walls 2! of the cup I! are formed and extended in the proportions substantially as shown in Figure 1 of the drawing, in order to establish, equipotential planes 39 having sectional shape substantially as shown.
  • These planes adjacent the cathode cup have portions extending within the cup and adjacent the filament 25, the central portions of said planes being substantially normal to the vertical path between the filament and the target, but bending opposite the sides of the filament and passing thence outwardly of the edges of the cup. An electron emitted from the central portions of the filament will be directed toward the central portions of the target.
  • Electrons emitted at the ends of the filament because of the slightly curved shape of the force planes through which said electrons initially travel, will also be diverted slightly toward the central portions of the target.
  • the exact shape of the cup element I1 may be determined in order to produce equipotential force planes 39 at the cathode to insure electron impingement upon a target area such that the resulting Xray beam 33 may have theldesired square shape, as shown at 31.
  • the particular shape and proportion of the cup is substantially as shown in Figure 1, in which the depth of the pocket 23 to its diameter is approxi- 7 mately as two is to three, with the filament length about one-third of the diameter of the cup.
  • Electron focusing control is not necessarily restricted to a single filament arranged in the cup I T, but, as shown in Figure 3, a plurality of filaments 6
  • the filaments may be disposed in any preferred position, th filaments usually being in parallel spaced relationship adjacently at the bottom of the pocket 23, and may be mounted in a common depression, or each in its own depression, asshown in lfigure 3.
  • Anelectronic; device comprising an anode and a cathode embodying an elongated electron emission element and an electron guiding cup forming a cavity having an open end, facing said anode, and a closed bottom, said cavity being cylindrical and having a diameter to depth ratio as three is to two, said emission element being disposed in the cup substantially at the bottom of the cavity, the diameter of said cavity at the open end thereof being not less than two times the effective electron emitting length of said element.
  • An electronic device comprising an anode and a cathode embodying an elongated electron emission element and an electron guiding cup forming a cavityhaving an open end, facing said anode, and a closed bottom, said emission element being disposed in the cup substantially at the bottom of the cavity at a vertical distance from the open end thereof substantially equal to one and one-half times the effective electron emitting length of the element.
  • An electronic device comprising an anode and a cathode-embodying an elongated electron emission element and an electron guiding cup emission element and an electron guiding cup forming a cavity having an open end, facing said anode, and a closed bottom, said emission element being disposed in an openpocket at the bottom of the cavity at a vertical distance from the open end thereof equal at least to the efiective electron emitting length of the element.
  • An electronic device comprising an anode and a cathode embodying an elongated electron emission element and an electron guiding cup forming a cavity having an open end, facing said anode, and a closed bottom, said cavity being cylindrical and said emission element being dis posed in the cup substantially at the bottom of the cavity and having an effective electron emitting length not less than one-third the diameter of the cavity.
  • An electronic device comprising an anode and a cathode embodying an elongated electron emission element and an electron guiding cup forming a cavity having an open end, facing said anode, and a closed bottom, said cup having a minimum diametral dimension, at the open end of the cavity, substantially equal to two and onehalf times the efiective electron emitting length of the element.
  • An electronic device comprising an anode and a cathode embodying an elongated electron emission element and an electron guiding cup forming a cavity having an open end, facing said anode, and a closed bottom, said cup having a minimum diametral dimension, at the open end of the cavity, at least equal to two times the effective electron emitting length of the element.
  • An electronic device comprising an anode and a cathode embodying an elongated electron emission element and an electron guiding cup forming a cavity having an open end, facing said anode, and a closed bottom, said cup comprising a flat bottom wall and a side wall defining said cavity, said side wall, at the open end of the cavity, extending at right angles with respect to said bottom wall.

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  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
US356158A 1940-09-10 1940-09-10 Control of electron flow Expired - Lifetime US2316214A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US356158A US2316214A (en) 1940-09-10 1940-09-10 Control of electron flow
FR875263D FR875263A (fr) 1940-09-10 1941-08-26 Perfectionnements aux dispositifs à faisceau électronique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US356158A US2316214A (en) 1940-09-10 1940-09-10 Control of electron flow

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2316214A true US2316214A (en) 1943-04-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US356158A Expired - Lifetime US2316214A (en) 1940-09-10 1940-09-10 Control of electron flow

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US (1) US2316214A (fr)
FR (1) FR875263A (fr)

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2531583A (en) * 1947-02-11 1950-11-28 Ott Walter Roentgen-ray apparatus
US2914692A (en) * 1958-01-02 1959-11-24 Gen Electric Cathode assembly
US2975317A (en) * 1959-04-07 1961-03-14 Univ California Beam control device
US3012163A (en) * 1959-04-09 1961-12-05 Norman P Goss Demountable x-ray tube
US3649861A (en) * 1970-09-09 1972-03-14 Picker Corp Double focus x-ray tube
US20070076849A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Moxtek,Inc X-ray tube cathode with reduced unintended electrical field emission
US20080296518A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-04 Degao Xu X-Ray Window with Grid Structure
US20090022277A1 (en) * 2007-07-18 2009-01-22 Moxtek, Inc. Cathode header optic for x-ray tube
US20090085426A1 (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-04-02 Davis Robert C Carbon nanotube mems assembly
US20090086923A1 (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-04-02 Davis Robert C X-ray radiation window with carbon nanotube frame
US20100239828A1 (en) * 2009-03-19 2010-09-23 Cornaby Sterling W Resistively heated small planar filament
US20100248343A1 (en) * 2007-07-09 2010-09-30 Aten Quentin T Methods and Devices for Charged Molecule Manipulation
US20110121179A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2011-05-26 Liddiard Steven D X-ray window with beryllium support structure
US20110150184A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Krzysztof Kozaczek Multiple wavelength x-ray source
US8247971B1 (en) 2009-03-19 2012-08-21 Moxtek, Inc. Resistively heated small planar filament
US8498381B2 (en) 2010-10-07 2013-07-30 Moxtek, Inc. Polymer layer on X-ray window
US8526574B2 (en) 2010-09-24 2013-09-03 Moxtek, Inc. Capacitor AC power coupling across high DC voltage differential
US8750458B1 (en) 2011-02-17 2014-06-10 Moxtek, Inc. Cold electron number amplifier
US8761344B2 (en) 2011-12-29 2014-06-24 Moxtek, Inc. Small x-ray tube with electron beam control optics
US8792619B2 (en) 2011-03-30 2014-07-29 Moxtek, Inc. X-ray tube with semiconductor coating
US8804910B1 (en) 2011-01-24 2014-08-12 Moxtek, Inc. Reduced power consumption X-ray source
US8817950B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2014-08-26 Moxtek, Inc. X-ray tube to power supply connector
US8929515B2 (en) 2011-02-23 2015-01-06 Moxtek, Inc. Multiple-size support for X-ray window
US8989354B2 (en) 2011-05-16 2015-03-24 Brigham Young University Carbon composite support structure
US8995621B2 (en) 2010-09-24 2015-03-31 Moxtek, Inc. Compact X-ray source
US9072154B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2015-06-30 Moxtek, Inc. Grid voltage generation for x-ray tube
US9076628B2 (en) 2011-05-16 2015-07-07 Brigham Young University Variable radius taper x-ray window support structure
US9177755B2 (en) 2013-03-04 2015-11-03 Moxtek, Inc. Multi-target X-ray tube with stationary electron beam position
US9174412B2 (en) 2011-05-16 2015-11-03 Brigham Young University High strength carbon fiber composite wafers for microfabrication
US9173623B2 (en) 2013-04-19 2015-11-03 Samuel Soonho Lee X-ray tube and receiver inside mouth
US9184020B2 (en) 2013-03-04 2015-11-10 Moxtek, Inc. Tiltable or deflectable anode x-ray tube
US9305735B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2016-04-05 Brigham Young University Reinforced polymer x-ray window

Cited By (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2531583A (en) * 1947-02-11 1950-11-28 Ott Walter Roentgen-ray apparatus
US2914692A (en) * 1958-01-02 1959-11-24 Gen Electric Cathode assembly
US2975317A (en) * 1959-04-07 1961-03-14 Univ California Beam control device
US3012163A (en) * 1959-04-09 1961-12-05 Norman P Goss Demountable x-ray tube
US3649861A (en) * 1970-09-09 1972-03-14 Picker Corp Double focus x-ray tube
US20070076849A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Moxtek,Inc X-ray tube cathode with reduced unintended electrical field emission
WO2007041498A3 (fr) * 2005-09-30 2007-07-19 Moxtek Inc Cathode de tube a rayons x a emission de champ electrique involontaire reduite
US7382862B2 (en) * 2005-09-30 2008-06-03 Moxtek, Inc. X-ray tube cathode with reduced unintended electrical field emission
US20080296518A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-04 Degao Xu X-Ray Window with Grid Structure
US20110121179A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2011-05-26 Liddiard Steven D X-ray window with beryllium support structure
US20100243895A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2010-09-30 Moxtek, Inc. X-ray window with grid structure
US7737424B2 (en) 2007-06-01 2010-06-15 Moxtek, Inc. X-ray window with grid structure
US20100248343A1 (en) * 2007-07-09 2010-09-30 Aten Quentin T Methods and Devices for Charged Molecule Manipulation
US20100323419A1 (en) * 2007-07-09 2010-12-23 Aten Quentin T Methods and Devices for Charged Molecule Manipulation
US7529345B2 (en) 2007-07-18 2009-05-05 Moxtek, Inc. Cathode header optic for x-ray tube
US20090022277A1 (en) * 2007-07-18 2009-01-22 Moxtek, Inc. Cathode header optic for x-ray tube
US7756251B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2010-07-13 Brigham Young Univers ity X-ray radiation window with carbon nanotube frame
US8736138B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2014-05-27 Brigham Young University Carbon nanotube MEMS assembly
US20100285271A1 (en) * 2007-09-28 2010-11-11 Davis Robert C Carbon nanotube assembly
US20090086923A1 (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-04-02 Davis Robert C X-ray radiation window with carbon nanotube frame
US20090085426A1 (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-04-02 Davis Robert C Carbon nanotube mems assembly
US9305735B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2016-04-05 Brigham Young University Reinforced polymer x-ray window
US20100239828A1 (en) * 2009-03-19 2010-09-23 Cornaby Sterling W Resistively heated small planar filament
US8247971B1 (en) 2009-03-19 2012-08-21 Moxtek, Inc. Resistively heated small planar filament
US7983394B2 (en) 2009-12-17 2011-07-19 Moxtek, Inc. Multiple wavelength X-ray source
US20110150184A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Krzysztof Kozaczek Multiple wavelength x-ray source
US8526574B2 (en) 2010-09-24 2013-09-03 Moxtek, Inc. Capacitor AC power coupling across high DC voltage differential
US8995621B2 (en) 2010-09-24 2015-03-31 Moxtek, Inc. Compact X-ray source
US8948345B2 (en) 2010-09-24 2015-02-03 Moxtek, Inc. X-ray tube high voltage sensing resistor
US8498381B2 (en) 2010-10-07 2013-07-30 Moxtek, Inc. Polymer layer on X-ray window
US8964943B2 (en) 2010-10-07 2015-02-24 Moxtek, Inc. Polymer layer on X-ray window
US8804910B1 (en) 2011-01-24 2014-08-12 Moxtek, Inc. Reduced power consumption X-ray source
US8750458B1 (en) 2011-02-17 2014-06-10 Moxtek, Inc. Cold electron number amplifier
US8929515B2 (en) 2011-02-23 2015-01-06 Moxtek, Inc. Multiple-size support for X-ray window
US8792619B2 (en) 2011-03-30 2014-07-29 Moxtek, Inc. X-ray tube with semiconductor coating
US8989354B2 (en) 2011-05-16 2015-03-24 Brigham Young University Carbon composite support structure
US9076628B2 (en) 2011-05-16 2015-07-07 Brigham Young University Variable radius taper x-ray window support structure
US9174412B2 (en) 2011-05-16 2015-11-03 Brigham Young University High strength carbon fiber composite wafers for microfabrication
US8817950B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2014-08-26 Moxtek, Inc. X-ray tube to power supply connector
US8761344B2 (en) 2011-12-29 2014-06-24 Moxtek, Inc. Small x-ray tube with electron beam control optics
US9072154B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2015-06-30 Moxtek, Inc. Grid voltage generation for x-ray tube
US9351387B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2016-05-24 Moxtek, Inc. Grid voltage generation for x-ray tube
US9177755B2 (en) 2013-03-04 2015-11-03 Moxtek, Inc. Multi-target X-ray tube with stationary electron beam position
US9184020B2 (en) 2013-03-04 2015-11-10 Moxtek, Inc. Tiltable or deflectable anode x-ray tube
US9173623B2 (en) 2013-04-19 2015-11-03 Samuel Soonho Lee X-ray tube and receiver inside mouth

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR875263A (fr) 1942-09-14

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