US2330142A - Method and apparatus for recovering volatilizable metals - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for recovering volatilizable metals Download PDF

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Publication number
US2330142A
US2330142A US417810A US41781041A US2330142A US 2330142 A US2330142 A US 2330142A US 417810 A US417810 A US 417810A US 41781041 A US41781041 A US 41781041A US 2330142 A US2330142 A US 2330142A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
retort
condenser
zone
magnesium
condensing
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Expired - Lifetime
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US417810A
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English (en)
Inventor
Pidgeon Lloyd Montgomery
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Dominion Magnesium Ltd
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Dominion Magnesium Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/20—Obtaining alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/22—Obtaining magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/16—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes with volatilisation or condensation of the metal being produced

Definitions

  • Figure is a sectional view of an alternative form.
  • the retort includes the reduction lar reference to the production of magnesium e 3 and the Condenser Zone 4- 'Withlh the but it is to be understood that it may be utilized l0 latter is located a removable condens 5 the for the production of other volatilizable metals, inner end of Which is p as at t0 nt such as cadmium and zinc, as well as in the resnugly i st t complementary bevel m moval of alkali metals and like impurities from the wall of t retort-
  • the internal diameter calcium in the production of th e t l of the condenser should be at least as great as, In the production of magnesium b thermal l5 and preferably somewhat greater than, that of methods difiiculties are encountered in successthe reduction zone of the retort T retort and fully condensing th magnesium vapour and condenser constitute a unitpany desired number many proposals have been made for
  • the and calcium A condenser seating arrangement prevents escape
  • the object f th ent invention is to of vapours between the condenser and retort vide an improved and conveniently operated method and apparatu f r reducing magnesia
  • the condenser end ofthe retort 18 provided containing material or for treating magnesium flange 8 and cqoling means shown to form magnesium vapour and for condensing in Flghre the cohhhg means conslsts of an the vapour to form the metal in macro crystalline annula? fh through which coohhg Water form.
  • baflle or shield conserves heat by restricting radiure 1, the plates l4 and it are secured to the pipe l3 and, as the plate 16 is clamped to the retort, the pipe l3 exerts a positive pressure on the plate I4 resting on the condenser.
  • coil springs l8 may be arranged between the plates by means of bolts or the like IS.
  • ] is preferably inserted between the flange 8 and the plate l6.
  • an internal cooler IS with the pipes 28 for circulating cooling fluid is provided. The cooler snugly fits within the discharge end of the condenser and is removable with the closure device.
  • auxiliary means for condensing vapours of sodium and like metals of relatively high vapour pressure and for removing such metals independently of the magnesium.
  • this consists of a series of spaced metal plates 2
  • bafiie or thermal radiation shield which as represented in Figure 1 is a plate 23 having perforations 24 therein for the passage of metallic vapours formed in the reducing zone.
  • a modified form of baflled thermal radiation shield is illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.
  • a series of spaced plates or discs 24, 24', 24 are mounted on frame members 25. All but the outer disc of the series may be perforated, as at 26, around a section of their periphery as shown to provide a sinuous path of travel for the vapours which on reaching the outer disc pass through the perforations 21 to the condenser. These perforations are preferably arranged more centrally of This ation from the heating zone to the condenser zone.
  • 29 is the retort located in a furnace 30 which, as illustrated, maybe heated by any desired electrical means represented by the elements 3
  • the heating or reducing zone 32 of the retort is separated by the perforated thermal radiation shield 33, from the condenser zone 34.
  • the condenser end of the retort has a flange 35 and an annular chamber 35 through which cooling water may circulate.
  • the retort is closed by a plate 31 through which passes a conduit 38 for producing a vacuum within the retort;
  • a fractionating plate 39 having a perforation 40 divides the condenser portion of the retort into two communicating zones which during operation are at different temperatures for the fractionation of vapours of metals of different vapour pressures.
  • This plate is shown as held in place within the retort against the shoulder 41 by the rods 42.
  • it is carried by the closure 31 so that it is removable therewith.
  • a charge of magnesia containing material and reducing agent, or other desired charge is fed into the reducing or heating zone of the retort, the retort and condenser are closed as indicated and the retort heated in the furnace to volatilize the metal of the charge.
  • the temperature in the retort is about 1100-1400 C. depending on the nature of the charge.
  • the vapourized metal or metals pass through the radiation shield to the condenser, the temperature of which is controlled.
  • the metal vapour In the production of magnesium it is desirable to cause the metal vapour to condense in the .form of macro crystals. To avoid the formation of pyrophoric powder the vapour should be condensed at a temperature of 200-400 C. under reduced pressure conditions commercially avail able.
  • the closure device When the evolution of vapours from the charge is completed and the vapours condensed, the closure device is removed and the condenser is withdrawn for the removal of the metal. The residue of the charge is removed from the retort and the operating cycle repeated.
  • metal vapours are evolved from the charge in the retort they pass through the baille 24 into the condenser.
  • Vapours of metal of low vapour pressure condense in the initial zone, while those of metal of higher vapour pressure pass through the opening in the fractionating plate assembly to the secondary condensing zone, where they condense and collect independently.
  • metals, such as sodium are separated from the magnesium or calcium, constituting the main product and are removed from the condenser independently of the main condensate. This avoids ignition of the main condensate and the sodium may be burned off or otherwise removed from the fractionating condenser plate assembly.
  • variable cooling arrangement may be brought into operation to reduce the temperature below the danger zone after sublimation is complete and before the condenser is opened to the atmosphere.
  • a method of producing volatilizable metals from alkali and alkaline earth containing materials which comprises heating the materials in a non-oxidizing atmosphere in a retort to volatilize and sublime the metals in said materials,
  • condensing metal of lower vapour pressure in a condenser within the retort condensing metal of higher vapour pressure andhigher flamability in an auxiliary space within said condenser, opening the retort and removing the condensed metal of higher vapor pressure while leaving the condensed metal of lower vapor pressure in the retort, and then removing the condensed metaiof lower vapor pressure from the retort.
  • Apparatus for recovering volatilizable metals from materials containing them comprising a retort having therein a heating zone and a condensing zone, means dividing said condensing zone into at least two communicating chambers, one of said chambers being adapted to condense vapour of metal of relatively low vapour pressure and at least one of the other chambers being adapted to condense vapour of metal of higher vapour pressure.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 2 having a perforated plate dividing the condensing zone of the retort into two chambers, a removable closure for the retort and means connecting said plate to the closure for removal therewith.
  • Apparatus of the character described comprising a retort having a volatilizing zone and a condensing zone therein, a removable condenser in the latter zone having an internal diameter at least as great as that of the volatilizing zone of the retort, a removable closure device for the condenser and retort and cooling means carried by said closure device and projecting within the condenser.
  • Apparatus for volatilizing metals and subliming the same comprising a retort having a volatilizing zone and a condensing zone therein, a removable condenser in the latter zone, removable means for closing the retort and condenser and auxiliary means for fractionally condensing metal vapours within the condenser, said auxiliary means being removable from the condenser independently of metal collected on said removable condenser.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 4 having a perforated bailie plate within the retort between the volatilizing and condensing zones thereof.
  • Apparatus for volatilizing metals and subliming the same'comprlsing a retort, a condenser in one end of the retort, a removable closure for the condenser and retort, and cooling means and a fractionating condenser carried by said closure and projecting within the condenser.
  • Apparatus for volatilizing metals and subliming the same comprising a retort having an outwardly inclined shoulder in its inner wall, a condenser within the retort having its end bevelled to rest against said shoulder and a resilient removable closure device clamped to said retort and pressing the condenser against said shoulder.
  • Apparatus for the. thermal production of volatilizable metals including a retort, a removable condenser within one end of the retort and a removable closure therefor comprising a pressure plate to close the condenser, and an auxiliary condenser carried by said plate and extending within the condenser and a plate to close the retort and force said pressure plate against the end of the condenser.
  • Apparatus for the thermal production of magnesium comprising a furnace, a retort having a heating and volatilizing zone within the furnace and a condensing zone without the furnace, a main condenser removably arranged within the condensing zone, a removable closure head for the retort and condenser internal cooling means carried byth'e'head, and external cooling means adapted to cool successively various portions of the condenser.
  • Apparatus for recovering volatile metals from materials containing them comprising a retort having therein a heating zone and a condensing zone, a removable condenser in the latter zone, said condenser having therein a plurality of communicating chambers of difierent temperatures for fractionating metal-vapours.
  • Apparatus for recovering volatile metals from materials containing them comprising a retort having therein a heating zoncand a condensing zone, a removable condenser in the latter zone, said condenser having a plurality of communicating chambers of different temperatures and having at its outer end a closure device having means attached thereto for forming one wall of at least two of said chambers.
  • Apparatus for volatilizing metals and subliming the same comprising a retort, a condenser in one end of the retort, a removable closure for-the condenser and retort, and means within the condenser for collecting metals of relatively high vapour pressure and removing them independently of condensed metal of lower vapour pressure.
  • a condenser for metallic vapours and within the condenser means for collecting solid metal of relatively high vapour pressure and removing them independently of condensed-metal of lower.
  • said collecting means comprises a plurality of spaced plates arranged transversely of the condenser, the innermost of said plates being out of direct thermal contact with the condenser wall.
  • Apparatus for the production of magnesium by direct thermal reduction under reduced pressure of magnesium containing material comprising an externally heated retort, a removable condenser in one end of the retort for collecting magnesium, and means Within the condenser for collecting metal of higher vapour pressure and removing the same in ,air independently of and without ignition of the magnesium within the condenser.
  • Apparatus for the production of magnesium by direct thermal reduction under reduced pressure of magnesium containing material comprising a furnace, a retort having a reducing and volatilizing zone within the furnace and a condensing zone without the furnace, a magnesium condenser removably arranged within the condensing'zone, and an auxiliary condenserwithin the main condenser for collecting sodium and removing the same in air independently of and without ignition of magnesium in the main con denser.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 22 having 24.
  • the method which comprises heating the material in. a retort to form metal vapour, condensing and collecting metal of high vapour pressure and removing the same .from the retort in air independently of the magnesium.
  • the method which comprises heating the material to form metal vapours in a metal retort disposed within a furnace under normal pressure and with the inside of the retort under subatmospheric pressure with an end portion without the furnace to receive and condense said vapours, cooling said end portion, retarding the flow of said vapours at a point within the condenser adjacent to but removed from the outer end of the condenser portion of the retort to condense therein magnesium vapour to solid form in one zone, further cooling the remaining vapours adjacent the outer end of the retort, discharging the retort while hot in air and recharging the hot retort.
  • Apparatus for the production of magnesium by thermal reduction under reduced pressure comprising a furnace, a metallic retort having a reducing and volatilizing portion fixed within said furnace under normal pressure and at least one condensing portion without the furnace, a removable cover to close the condensing portion to the atmosphere, a magnesium condenser removably arranged within the condensiog portion, a partition spaced from said cover dividing the condenser portion into a plurality of zones, a vapour passage through said partition and means for providing reduced pressure in the retort.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 28 having a heat retarding shield within the retort between the reducing and condensing portions thereof.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 28 having a heat retarding shield comprising a series of spaced plates providing a sinuous path of travel for vapours passing from said reducing portion to the condensing portion of the retort.
  • Apparatus for the production of magnesium by thermal reduction under reduced pressure comprising a furnace, a metal retort having a reducing and volatilizing portion fixed within said furnace under normal pressure and at least one condensing portion without the furnace, a removable cover to close said condensing portion, means for providing reduced pressure in the closed retort, a removable condenser within the condensing portion to receive magnesium vapour condensed in solid form, and a partition having an opening therein spaced from said cover to divide the condensing portion into at least two zones and to provide a relatively cool zone adjacentsaid cover.
  • a metallic retort which in operation comprises a hot reducing and volatilizing zone and a cooler condensing portion, said condensing portion consisting of a relatively warm zone and a cooler zone, the two zones of the condenser being separated by a partition having a vapour passage therethrough.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US417810A 1941-10-22 1941-11-03 Method and apparatus for recovering volatilizable metals Expired - Lifetime US2330142A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA915502X 1941-10-22
CA606636X 1941-10-22
CA2330142X 1941-10-22
CA254591X 1941-10-22

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US2330142A true US2330142A (en) 1943-09-21

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US417810A Expired - Lifetime US2330142A (en) 1941-10-22 1941-11-03 Method and apparatus for recovering volatilizable metals

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US (1) US2330142A (fr)
BE (1) BE460499A (fr)
CH (1) CH254591A (fr)
FR (1) FR915502A (fr)
GB (1) GB606636A (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2426148A (en) * 1943-10-19 1947-08-19 Hybinette And Cary Thermal reduction of metals
US2514275A (en) * 1945-12-12 1950-07-04 Us Navy Apparatus for condensing metal vapors
US2684898A (en) * 1947-01-03 1954-07-27 Ici Ltd Distillation of calcium
US3153584A (en) * 1960-12-27 1964-10-20 Nat Res Corp Passivation of pyrophoric metal powders by coating with an organic nitrile having a c c unsaturation
US3189439A (en) * 1963-05-06 1965-06-15 Dominion Magnesium Ltd Method of producing magnesium
CN116855740A (zh) * 2023-07-04 2023-10-10 郑州大学 一种催化碳还原炼镁工艺的多层冷凝收集装置
CN117887974A (zh) * 2024-01-17 2024-04-16 国科镁业科技(河南)有限公司 一种装配式阻热梯凝器

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE973254C (de) * 1951-01-25 1959-12-31 Licentia Gmbh Verfahren zum Reinigen von Kadmium und Selen
US3207495A (en) * 1961-02-17 1965-09-21 Dominion Magnesium Ltd Device for condensing metal vapours

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2426148A (en) * 1943-10-19 1947-08-19 Hybinette And Cary Thermal reduction of metals
US2514275A (en) * 1945-12-12 1950-07-04 Us Navy Apparatus for condensing metal vapors
US2684898A (en) * 1947-01-03 1954-07-27 Ici Ltd Distillation of calcium
US3153584A (en) * 1960-12-27 1964-10-20 Nat Res Corp Passivation of pyrophoric metal powders by coating with an organic nitrile having a c c unsaturation
US3189439A (en) * 1963-05-06 1965-06-15 Dominion Magnesium Ltd Method of producing magnesium
CN116855740A (zh) * 2023-07-04 2023-10-10 郑州大学 一种催化碳还原炼镁工艺的多层冷凝收集装置
CN117887974A (zh) * 2024-01-17 2024-04-16 国科镁业科技(河南)有限公司 一种装配式阻热梯凝器

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Publication number Publication date
CH254591A (fr) 1948-05-15
GB606636A (en) 1948-08-18
BE460499A (fr) 1945-11-30
FR915502A (fr) 1946-11-08

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