US2992154A - Process for producing an article of curly interlocking cellulosic fibres and fibrils - Google Patents

Process for producing an article of curly interlocking cellulosic fibres and fibrils Download PDF

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Publication number
US2992154A
US2992154A US652080A US65208057A US2992154A US 2992154 A US2992154 A US 2992154A US 652080 A US652080 A US 652080A US 65208057 A US65208057 A US 65208057A US 2992154 A US2992154 A US 2992154A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fibres
fibrils
rod
cellulosic
mass
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Expired - Lifetime
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US652080A
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English (en)
Inventor
Mauthner Stella Anna
Baumann Lawrence Lee
Clark Peter John
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Cigarette Components Ltd
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Cigarette Components Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/18—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being cellulose or derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES OF CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter tips or filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces of cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES OF CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter tips or filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces of cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
    • A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives

Definitions

  • the cellulosic fibres may be subjected to a combing.
  • the combing and/or beating operation being such as to achieve partial longitudinal splitting of the fibres.
  • this treatment is facilitated.
  • One or more cutting operations may be employed before the chemical treatment and/or before the mechanical treatment to reduce the fibres to a suitable length. Even when the length of the fibres and/ or fibrils in the resulting rod is not critical one or more such cutting operations may be employed to reduce the fibres to con.- venient lengths for the chemical and/or mechanical treatment.
  • the rod may have the fibres and/or fibrils thereof bonded together by a bonding agent which may comprise a thermosetting or a thermoplastic material, or a mixture of such materials.
  • a bonding agent which may comprise a thermosetting or a thermoplastic material, or a mixture of such materials.
  • the exterior of the rod may be bonded to the interior of a tubular wrapper by which the rod is enclosed.
  • the material Prior to, or subsequent to, the addition of the bonding agent and before the completion of the bonding operation thereof the material may be compressed to decrease its volume and thereby increase its resistance to the passage of material to be filtered or it may be mechanically expanded to increase its volume and thereby decrease its resistance to the passage of material to be filtered.
  • the chemical treatment may consist of one or more operations such as bleaching and may include dyeing, and the treatment may be such that the weight of the treated fibres is from 60 to 95% of the weight of the fibres before treatment.
  • the mechanical treatment may consist of disintegration or mechanical expansion in a beater or hammer mill of a known kind, such as the 1 kind in which the fibres are beaten through the apertures in a perforated screen by the action of flails and a stream of
  • the fibres employed preferably are hard fibres such as abaca, henequen or sisal and more preferably are sisal fibres.
  • Fibres suitable for use in the processes in accordance with the invention and produced by decortication from the leaves and/or husks and/or stalks of plants are, for example, abaca, coir, flax, hemp, henequen, jute, kenaf, ramie, sisal and sunn.
  • the chosen cellulosic fibres may first be cut to a length appropriate for the final product and/or convenient. for the operations to be eifected on the fibres, and when the filter rod is intended for the production of cig arette filters a suitable length is 1-6 inches.
  • the cellulosic fibres may be subjected to a combing and/ or beating operation prior to the chemical treatment, the combing and/or beating operation being such as to achieve partial longitudinal splitting of the fibres.
  • the fibres may be passed to a teasing machine in which they are carried on the periphery of a spiked cylinder of relatively large diameter past one or more smaller spiked cylinders having their teeth intermeshing with those of the larger cylinder, so that the fibres are torn, aligned and longitudinally split by the intermeshing teeth, the fibres thereafter being picked by spiked rollers from the periphery of the large cylinder and discharged from the teasing machine.
  • this treatment is facilitated.
  • the cut fibres are then subjected to a chemical treatment which is carried far enough to reduce the bond between the fibrils of each fibre, but not so far as to result in the disintegration of the fibres into fibrils.
  • a chemical treatment which is carried far enough to reduce the bond between the fibrils of each fibre, but not so far as to result in the disintegration of the fibres into fibrils.
  • Such treatment may, for example, consist of the process known in the textile industry as bleaching. 'In practice an indication that the process has reached the required stage can be obtained by an operator breaking a fibre by hand. If the chemical treatment has not been carried sufliciently far the fibre will still be brittle and will break cleanly without fraying or splitting of fibrils from the fibres, while when the operation has been carried far enough the mechanical action of breaking the fibre causes longitudinal splitting of the fibre, the broken ends appearing frayed. If the chemical treatment is carried too far the fibres will disintegrate completely into fibrils, resulting in a soft, flulfy, tangled mass having the consistency of cotton
  • An additional action of the chemical treatment is to remove various unwanted, non-cellulosic constituents of the fibres, for example, foreign matter, lignin, pectin, pentosans, fats and waxes.
  • Another indication that the chemical treatment has been carried out to the required extent can be obtained by measuring the loss in weight of the fibres, and in preferred processes in accordance with this invention the weight of the chemically treated fibres is from 60 to of the weight of the fibres before the chemical treatment, the yield obtained varying greatly according to the quality of the raw material.
  • the bleach liquid employed in the chemical treatment includes with advantage an opticalbleach, that is a bleach which will deposit on the fibres a material that is excited to luminescence by light incident thereon, so that the apparent brightness of the fibres is increased;
  • An optical bleach has the added advantage that the fibres bleached thereby appear to have less tendency to becomeyel-low'upon ageing.
  • a suitable optical bleach is for example that sold under the name Tinopal V by the Geigy Company, used in a concentration of approximately 0.01 to 0.05 gram per litre of the bleaching liquid.
  • the wet fibres from the bleaching operation may be permitted to dry naturally, but it has been found that a more consistent product can be obtained by controlling the drying, for example by carrying it out in a drying machine.
  • FIG. 1 is a self-descriptive flow sheet of the new processes of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional side view of a filter rod in accordance with this invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional end view of the filter rod taken along the line 33 of FIG. 2.
  • Each of the chemical treatments referred to above may be adjusted in intensity, for example, by suitable adjustment, of the temperature and/or pressure and/or concentration of the solutions employed.
  • the fibres employed were not cut prior to the chemical treatment they may be out prior to the mechanical treatment which follows the chemical treatment.
  • the sisal fibre referred to specifically above it was preferred to cut it before the chemical treatment to avoid the long fibres clogging the bleaching apparatus. If the chemical treatment apparatus can deal with such long fibres however it may be preferred to defer the cutting until after the chemical treatment.
  • the dried, chemically treated fibres are fed to apparatus in which they are split, curled and shortened by the action of rotating hammers and thereafter, are entrained in a stream of air and forced through the apertures of a perforated screen by fibrous material to dust and in a typical process about cally treated fibres prior to the mechanical treatment to a combing and/or beating operation such as to achieve partial longitudinal splitting of the fibres, the combed and/ or beaten fibres being more readily split by the mechanical treatment.
  • This combing and/or beating op eration may also be effected in a teasing machine in which the fibres are carried on the periphery of a spiked cylinder of relatively large diameter past one or more smaller spiked cylinders having their teeth intermeshing with those of the large cylinder.
  • the mass of fibres and/or fibrils issuing from the mill can, after further separation if such an operation is provided, be formed into -a rod, for example, by producing a layer of uniform thickness on a conveyor and then gathering the layer by means of a garniture into a rod of uniform cross-section.
  • the rod can be enclosed in a cylindrical wrapper fitting closely about the rod, e.g. of cigarette paper, by wrapping a strip about the rod as it is formed by the garniture to form a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal lapped and stuck seam.
  • the air porosity of the material resulting from' the treatment was meassured by enclosing difierent 1% gram samples of the material in a container of internal volume 4.9 cc. and passing air through the container at a rate of 2 /2 litres per minute.
  • the path length of the air in the material was 6 mm. and the pressure drop between the ends of the path was about 5-7 cms. of water.
  • the bonding agent may comprise a solid thermoplastic or thermosettin-g material that is added to the curly, spn'ngy mass in the form of a fine powder, the rod that is subsequently formed being heated to flux the binder and efiect the binding operation.
  • the binding operations 5 to 50% by weight of polythene or other suitable synthetic resin of a particle size less than 50 microns, is added to to 50% respectively by weight of the mass of fibres, the powder being distributed uniformly throughout the mass. Subsequently the rod is heated to above the melting point of the polythene for suflicient time to cause fiuxing thereof. The bonding operation is completed after cooling.
  • the bonding agent is in the form of a solution or emulsion, and in specific examples 5 to 50% by weight of polystyrene, or other suitable synthetic resin, are added to 95 to 50% respectively by weight of the mass by spraying or by immersion of the mass therein.
  • the rod which is produced from the mass is heated resistance of the rod to the passage therethrough of the material to be filtered.
  • an external wrapper may not be required to retain the shape of the rod, but such a wrapper may sometimes be supplied to give the rod a desired exterior finish.
  • the rod when formed may be cut into lengths which are supplied direct to a cigarette making machine in which they are incorporated into cigarettes, or instead the lengths may be supplied to a packing station.
  • a process in accordance with claim 1 including the step of opening the fibres after the leaching operation to achieve partial longitudinal splitting thereof.
  • a process in accordance with claim 1 including the step of adding a bonding agent to the product before forming it into a rod and thereafter curing the formed rod to bond the material thereof.
  • a process in accordance with claim 4 which includes the steps of adding a bonding agent to a mass of the product, before forming the mass into the predetermined shape and thereafter curing the formed product to bond the material thereof.
  • a process as claimed in claim 6 which includes the steps of adding about 5 to 50% by weight of a synthetic resin of particle size less than 50 microns to 95 to 50% by weight of said product before forming the mass into the predetermined shape and thereafter heating the formed mass to flux the resin and bond the material thereof.
  • a process as claimed in claim 6 which includes the steps of adding about 5 to 50% by weight of a synthetic resin in liquid form to 95 to 50% by Weight of said product before forming the mass into the predetermined shape and thereafter heating the resin and product mixture to eliminate the liquid phase and bond the resin-product mixture into the final shape.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
US652080A 1956-04-16 1957-04-11 Process for producing an article of curly interlocking cellulosic fibres and fibrils Expired - Lifetime US2992154A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB11564/56A GB841945A (en) 1956-04-16 1956-04-16 Improvements in and relating to processes for the production of filter material and to filter material produced by such processes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2992154A true US2992154A (en) 1961-07-11

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US (1) US2992154A (de)
CH (1) CH365319A (de)
GB (1) GB841945A (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3225390A (en) * 1959-10-02 1965-12-28 Mueller Paul A Method of producing filter plugs
US3232805A (en) * 1959-07-15 1966-02-01 Eastman Kodak Co Method of making tobacco smoke filters from crimped thermoplastic tows
US3819470A (en) * 1971-06-18 1974-06-25 Scott Paper Co Modified cellulosic fibers and method for preparation thereof
US20030121989A1 (en) * 2001-12-31 2003-07-03 Michael Rajendran S. Headliners, door panels and interior trim parts that are lofty, acoustical and structural
EP1825898A1 (de) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-29 Anest Iwata Corporation Abgasfilter
US20080122134A1 (en) * 2002-12-24 2008-05-29 Michael Rajendran S Headliners, door panels and interior trim parts that are lofty, acoustical and structural
WO2010122382A1 (en) * 2009-04-23 2010-10-28 Johannes Marthinus Jacob Kruger Cigarette filter
CN108166295A (zh) * 2017-12-29 2018-06-15 江西中烟工业有限责任公司 植物纤维的加工方法及其在滤棒中的应用
US10646881B1 (en) * 2016-07-11 2020-05-12 William Stacy Page System and method for separating and collecting cannabis
US11382353B1 (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-07-12 Jawid Wahidi Insert system including flavor releasing mechanism held within a polymer holder

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1859847A (en) * 1926-08-04 1932-05-24 Arthur M Hyde Pulped material and process of preparing the same
AU1214933A (en) * 1934-04-10 1934-04-19 Arne Johan Arthur Asplund Improvements in fibrating wood andthe like
GB549551A (en) * 1940-03-21 1942-11-30 Defibrator Ab Ligno-cellulose fibrous pulps and process of making same
US2765515A (en) * 1953-10-07 1956-10-09 H & V Specialties Co Inc Method of making a filter for tobacco smoke

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1859847A (en) * 1926-08-04 1932-05-24 Arthur M Hyde Pulped material and process of preparing the same
AU1214933A (en) * 1934-04-10 1934-04-19 Arne Johan Arthur Asplund Improvements in fibrating wood andthe like
GB549551A (en) * 1940-03-21 1942-11-30 Defibrator Ab Ligno-cellulose fibrous pulps and process of making same
US2765515A (en) * 1953-10-07 1956-10-09 H & V Specialties Co Inc Method of making a filter for tobacco smoke

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3232805A (en) * 1959-07-15 1966-02-01 Eastman Kodak Co Method of making tobacco smoke filters from crimped thermoplastic tows
US3225390A (en) * 1959-10-02 1965-12-28 Mueller Paul A Method of producing filter plugs
US3819470A (en) * 1971-06-18 1974-06-25 Scott Paper Co Modified cellulosic fibers and method for preparation thereof
US20030121989A1 (en) * 2001-12-31 2003-07-03 Michael Rajendran S. Headliners, door panels and interior trim parts that are lofty, acoustical and structural
US7357888B2 (en) * 2001-12-31 2008-04-15 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Method of producing headliners, door panels and interior trim parts
US20080122134A1 (en) * 2002-12-24 2008-05-29 Michael Rajendran S Headliners, door panels and interior trim parts that are lofty, acoustical and structural
EP1825898A1 (de) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-29 Anest Iwata Corporation Abgasfilter
WO2010122382A1 (en) * 2009-04-23 2010-10-28 Johannes Marthinus Jacob Kruger Cigarette filter
US10646881B1 (en) * 2016-07-11 2020-05-12 William Stacy Page System and method for separating and collecting cannabis
CN108166295A (zh) * 2017-12-29 2018-06-15 江西中烟工业有限责任公司 植物纤维的加工方法及其在滤棒中的应用
CN108166295B (zh) * 2017-12-29 2019-06-18 江西中烟工业有限责任公司 一种植物纤维的加工方法及其所得的植物纤维作为卷烟滤棒材料的应用
US11382353B1 (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-07-12 Jawid Wahidi Insert system including flavor releasing mechanism held within a polymer holder

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB841945A (en) 1960-07-20
CH365319A (de) 1962-10-31

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