US2998643A - Tools for assembling retaining rings on grooved shafts, pins and the like - Google Patents

Tools for assembling retaining rings on grooved shafts, pins and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US2998643A
US2998643A US808376A US80837659A US2998643A US 2998643 A US2998643 A US 2998643A US 808376 A US808376 A US 808376A US 80837659 A US80837659 A US 80837659A US 2998643 A US2998643 A US 2998643A
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Prior art keywords
ring
tool
cut
movement
stack
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Expired - Lifetime
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US808376A
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English (en)
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Erdmann Hans
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Waldes Kohinoor Inc
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Waldes Kohinoor Inc
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Priority to US808376A priority Critical patent/US2998643A/en
Priority to BE589789A priority patent/BE589789R/fr
Priority to CH437460A priority patent/CH381182A/de
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Publication of US2998643A publication Critical patent/US2998643A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B27/00—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for
    • B25B27/14—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for for assembling objects other than by press fit or detaching same
    • B25B27/20—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for for assembling objects other than by press fit or detaching same inserting or withdrawing split pins or circlips
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53613—Spring applier or remover
    • Y10T29/5363—Circular spring

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in tools for assembling open retaining rings on grooved shafts, pins and the like, and is more particularly directed to an improved combination retaining ring dispensing and applying tool of the general type disclosed in my prior application Serial No. 742,135, filed June 16, 1958, now patent No. 2,958,123, dated November 1, 1960.
  • such a tool combines an applicator blade featuring a bifurcated or double-armed working end having a forwardly opening ring-receiving cut-out closed on its relatively under side by a retractible slide and a spring rail-type stack rod for mounting a plurality of the open rings to be assembled in a stack or column normally supported on the slide, in such a way that the tool is actuable solely by its relative movement against and away from the shaft or pin, first to effect assembly of a ring contained in the cut-out in the shaft groove and thereupon an automatic feed of the then lowermost ring on the stack to the cut-out as provides for conditioning the tool for the next assembly operation.
  • retraction of the slide as enables the bifurcated working end of the applicator blade to straddle or fork the shaft or pin during the course of an assembly operation is controlled by flexing of the stack rod via one or more rings disposed thereon adjacent the one being assembled, and the working end of the applicator blade was provided with a forwardly projecting guide finger extending from one of its arms for guiding the ring into its groove. More particularly, the guide finger, by entering the groove head of the tool, served the desirable purpose of disposing the ring in the assembly-ready position in the tool in exact alignment with the groove.
  • both the inner edge of the guide finger and the forward end-edge of the other arm of the applicator blade were so shaped and spaced as to make possible free retracting movement of the tool from the workpiece without such movement being impeded by the just-assembled ring.
  • a principal object of the present invention is to provide a combination retaining ring dispensing and applying tool as aforesaid which provides effective guidance of tool to workpiece, while doing away with the aforesaid guide finger and thereby the requirement of a front-end working blade construction of special shape and design, as was previously necessary to provide for free tool retraction from the workpiece following a ring assembly operation.
  • Another object of the invention is the provision of a Patented Sept. 5, 1961 combination ring dispensing and applying tool as aforesaid which is constructed and arranged as to permit use of the ring then ready for assembly as the tool-to-workpiece guiding means.
  • a more particular object of the invention is the provision of a combination ring dispensing and applying tool generally as aforesaid which incorporates hand-controlled means adapted to be operated preferably just in advance of the tool being moved against the workpiece for rendering the ring in the assembly-ready position in the cut-out effective as a tool-to-workpiece guide means.
  • Yet another object of the invention is the provision of a combination ring-dispensing and applying tool incorporating a hand-controlled lever arrangement for exposing the ring of the stack then in the assembly-ready position, as aforesaid, which may also be utilized as a means for retracting the slide as enables the working end of the tool applicator blade to properly fork or straddle the workpiece during the course of a ring-assembly operation.
  • Still another object of the invention is the provision of a combination ring-dispensing and applying tool incorporating means for exposing the ring then in the assemblyready position within the tool along its front edge whereby it may serve as a tool-to-workpieee guide means as aforesaid and which, in addition, includes provision for securely holding said ring against unintentional movement as insures its proper functioning as a guide means.
  • Still another object of the invention is the provision of a ring-dispensing and applying tool as aforesaid, characterized by a stack rod Whose end adjacent the applicator blade, in addition to possessing the requisite flexibility in relatively forward and rearward directions as enables it to perform its automatic ring-to-cut out feed function, is also capable of exerting spring bias on the ring then disposed in the cut-out sufficient to eifectively hold a ring in the assembly-ready position in the tool against unintentional movement as it performs its toolto-workpiece guiding function.
  • FIG. 1 is aside view, partly in section, of the improved tool as herein proposed, with the tool parts in their inactive or rest position;
  • FIG. 2 is a broken-away, enlarged side elevation 'of the working-end parts of the tool prior to the same being loaded with rings;
  • FIG. 3 is a broken-away front view of the tool parts shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a broken-away plan view
  • FIG. 5 is a corresponding broken-away vertical section, of the working end of the tool according to FIG. 1 shown to be approaching the workpiece (grooved shaft) preparatory to performing a ring-assembly operation;
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are views similar to FIGS. 4 and 5, respectively, which illustrate the manner in which the ring then in the assembly-ready position in the tool serves as a 'tool-to-workpiece guide means when exposed for this purpose under control of the operator;
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 are views corresponding to FIGS. 6
  • the improved combination ring dispensing and applying tool of the present invention preferably utilizes a channel-shaped body part capable of serving as a tool handle, such comprising a main wall 11 and top and bottom angles 12 and 13, which latter are provided with confronting flanges 14, 15 which partially close the open side of the channel.
  • a bracket 16 Secured to the top angle 12 is a bracket 16, to the lower edge of which is affixed the horizontally disposed leg or portion of a generally L-shaped (in side view) spring rail 17 serving as a stack rod on which a plurality of the rings R to be assembled are threaded whereby they assume an exactly aligned position.
  • the rings R are of known open-ring configuration, being provided with a middle lug r and end lugs r and r whose inner edges are formed as arcs of a common circle and hence define the effective inner edge of the ring.
  • the arms of the ring which define the gap terminate in forwardly-extending points r and r such assuming of course that the rings are turned so that their gaps face forwardly or towards the left, as in FIG. 1.
  • the other leg 17a of the stack rod 17 extends downwardly-vertically from the aforesaid fixed leg thereof and is devoid of securement to the handle 10 whereby it may flex relatively rearwardly (to the right) from its normal unstressed position as shown in FIG. 1 to its most rearward position here shown in FIG. 9. It will be observed that the rings R mounted on the stack rod are urged towards said free end thereof as by means of a follower 18 riding on the stack rod and being biased so as to press the ring stack to the left as by means of a long coil spring 19.
  • An applicator blade 20 is shown to be aflixed at one end to the bottom angle 13 of the tool handle 10, from which it inclines downwardly-forwardly and terminates in a horizontal working end 20a disposed immediately below and in general right-angular relationship with the aforesaid free end 17a of the stack rod. .As best seen in FIG. 3, the working end of the applicator blade is formed as two spaced arms 21, 22 which define between them an upwardly opening recess 23 (FIGS. 4 and 5) of width corresponding to the external diameter of the rings R of the stack thereof and which has a floor or bottom 24 of thickness corresponding to the axial thickness of one ring R. As best seen in FIG.
  • the forward edge of the recess bottom plate 24 is arcuate and extends on a substantially semi-circular are, thus to provide a cut-out 25 which is open top and bottom and which further opens forwardly through the aforesaid working end, said cut-out being adapted to receive and maintain the lowermost ring of the stack in the so-called assembly-ready position.
  • Said lowermost ring R is prevented from falling through the cut-out by a slide 26 which, in its normal position shown in FIGS. 2 and 5 to which it is biased by means of a spring 29 (FIG. 1 only) provides a bottom support for the ring column.
  • said slide is mounted for sliding retracting movement on said working end 200! of the applicator blade during the course of each assembly operation, responsive to rearward, i.e., movement away from the open end of the cut-out 25, flexing movement of the free end of the stack rod which is transmitted to the slide via some of the higher rings of the stack engaging a finger 30 projecing upwardly from the top wall of the slide, all as disclosed and claimed in my aforesaid application Serial No. 742,135.
  • a two-arm lever assembly 31 is pivotally connected to the main Wall 11 of the tool handle 10 as by a pin 31a for limited rocking movement relative thereto.
  • One arm 32 of said lever assembly extends beneath said tool handle and is formed as a hand grip Whose movement in upward direction is restricted by its engagement with the bottom angle 13 of said tool handle.
  • the other arm 33 of said lever extends forwardly and terminates in an offset front part 33a disposed forwardly of and in controlling relation to a member 34.
  • such member 34 has inverted U-shape as in FIG. 3 and its two side legs 35, 36 are inclined vertically-rearwardly by a slight angle and terminate at their lower ends in presser feet 35a, 36a which rest on the upper surface of the aforesaid retracting slide 26.
  • a rib 37 rigidly connected to both the U- member 34 and the flexible end of the stack rod 17 and serving as a connecting web or link therebetween.
  • the rib 37 is of course effective to transmit movement from the U- member to the end of the stack rod, and vice versa.
  • said rib acts pressure-wise similarly to the stack rod; that is to say, if said stack rod is biased to exert downward pressure, the rib will be similarly biased. This condi tion is satisfied, according to the invention, by fabricating the stack rod with some extra length.
  • said stack rod 17 is extra long, its securement to the rib aforesaid has the effect of causing said stack rod to buckle slightly in a height-portion thereof disposed above the rib and, consequent thereto, it exerts downward bias on the rib 37 and more in point here, on the lower end edge 37a thereof.
  • such is utilized in holding the ring exposed along its forward edge so as to serve as a tool-to-workpiece guide means in firm position within the cut-out so that it cannot unintentionally move or turn away from its most effective guiding position.
  • the tool is moved towards the workpiece, illustratively a grooved shaft S supported in a fixture F, in whose groove g the said ring in the assembly-ready position is to be assembled.
  • the operator presses grip arm 32 of the lever assembly 31 which effects limited rocking of said assembly as a whole in counterclockwise direction.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates that the rings above same have moved rearwardly thereof and the slide 26 is providing only partial support therefor from below.
  • the desirable ring-holding action is effectively supplied by the downward spring bias imparted on the middle portion of the ring by the lower end edge 37a of the rib 37, as re sults from the aforesaid oversizing of the free end of the stack rod 17 and its buckling when affixed to said rib in the manner described above.
  • a stack rod having a purposeful increase in length which is taken up as aforesaid yields another important advantage.
  • the stack rod had to be cut to exaot size with very small permissible tolerances.
  • the stack rod were even slightly longer than required, it would impede the transfer movement of ring fnom cut-out to shaft groove; and if it were shorter, which can also happen through wear of its end edge, the ring next above the one being assembled tends to follow the latter ring in its assembly by friction, with the result that the ring column is likely to become jammed.
  • the stack rod is purposely formed long, and then it is buckled to the degree that its lower end edge takes the exact position in which the stack rod operates most efiiciently, which may be simply achieved by the action of the U-member 34 in determining the free end-edge position of the stack rod.
  • the U-member 34 accom plishes a nurnlber of useful purposes. Basically of course, it serves to move the stack rod and the rings above the ring R in the assembly-ready position by a predetermined amount as exposes said latter ring for guidance purposes; it also, as above explained, mounts the rib 37 in position such that its lower end edge exerts downward pressure on the ring in the assembly-ready position when the latter is exposed as aforesaid; and also, as a result of its side arms resting on the top sunface of the slide 26, it fixes the level of the lower end edge of the stack rod so that it can never enter the opening of the ring disposed in the ring cut-out 25.
  • said feet may be disposed to rest directly on the upper surfaces of the arms 21, 22 of the working end of the applicator blade, for example, just forwardly of the slide.
  • said U-member may be employed to directly actuate the slide 26 in rearward direction, as by arranging the feet 35a, 36a thereof to engage with the front edge of its top wall, should it be found advisable or necessary to impart a positive, first-stage retracting movement to the slide through such means, rather than via the rings dis posed between the stack rod and the slide finger 30.
  • the combination retaining ring dispensing and applying tool achieves the desirable objectives therefor as set forth in the foregoing.
  • the tool of the invention makes unnecessary both the precisely dimensioned andsharp-edged guide finger and the special design of the working end of the applicator blade for insuring free retraction of the tool following each assembly operation which characterized the tool of my aforesaid application Serial No. 742,135, now Patent No. 2,958,123 as aforesaid.
  • the operator is required to perform what may be termed a first-stage or preliminary assembly operation, i.e.
  • a tool for dispensing open retaining rings and for assembling them on grooved shafts and the like solely by its bodily movement toward said shaft comprising, in combination, an applicator blade having a working end provided with a substantially semicircular cut-out which opens through its end edge and has radius corresponding substantially to that of the outer-edge circle of said ring whereby it is adapted to accommodate a ring lowering thereinto from above and said working end is adapted to straddle the shaft on which ring assembly is to be effected, at least the rearward portion of the cut-out edge providing a push shoulder for the ring positioned in said cut-out, a stack rod for maintaining a supply of the rings to be dispensed and assembled in column formation above said applicator blade and having a flexible lower end portion disposed generally axially with respect to said cut-out while terminating just short thereof, means operative between the applicator blade and the upper end portion of the stack rod for connecting said parts together for movement in unison toward and away from said shaft, a retractible
  • lever means comprise a two-arm lever carried by said tool and being mounted for limited rocking movement, one arm of the lever being formed as a handle, the other arm of the lever constituting said movable arm being indirectly connected to the flexible end of the stack rod whereby to flex the same an amount proportional to the rocking movement of said lever.
  • a tool substantially as set forth in claim 2, wherein the indirect connection between said other arm of the lever and the flexible end of the stack rod comprises an offset part rigid with said other arm, a member engageable by said offset part and resting on the slide and being disposed generally parallel to and adjacent said flexible end, and a connector between said member and said flexible end for transmitting movement from one to the other of said parts.
  • a tool for dispensing open retaining rings and for assembling them on grooved shafts and the like solely by its bodily movement toward said shaft comprising, in combination, an applicator blade having a working end provided with a substantially semicircular cut-out which opens through its end edge and has radius corresponding substantially to that of the outer-edge circle of said ring whereby it is adapted to accommodate a ring lowering thereinto from above and said working end is adapted to straddle the shaft on which ring assembly is to be effected, at least the rearward portion of the cut-out edge providing a push shoulder for the ring positioned in said cut-out, a stack rod for maintaining a supply of the rings to be dispensed and assembled in column formation above said applicator blade and having a flexible lower end portion disposed generally axially with respect to said cut-out while terminating just short thereof, means operative between the applicator blade and the upper end portion of the stack rod for connecting said parts together for movement in unison toward and away from said shaft, means normally providing
  • a tool for dispensing open retaining rings and for assembling them on grooved shafts and the like solely by its bodily movement toward said shaft comprising, in combination, an applicator blade having a working end provided with a substantially semicircular cutout which opens through its end edge and has radius corresponding substantially to that of the outer-edge circle of said ring whereby it is adapted to accommodate a ring lowering thereinto from above and said working end is adapted to straddle the shaft on which ring assembly is to be effected, at least the rearward portion of the cut-out edge providing a push shoulder for the ring positioned in said cut-out, a stack rod for maintaining a supply of the rings to be dispensed and assembled in column formation above said applicator blade and having a flexible lower end portion disposed generally axially with respect to said cut-out while terminating just short thereof, means operative between the applicator blade and the upper end portion of the stack rod for connecting said parts together for movement in unison toward and away from said shaft,
  • 8 l means normally providing a bottom support for a ring then positioned in the cut-out and thereby for the ring column, operator controlled means for flexing the lower end portion of said stack rod relatively rearwardly with respect to said cut-out thereby to shift the rings next adjacent said ring positioned therein, and means including said flexible end portion for imparting spring bias in substantially axial direction on said ring as tends to hold same against unintentional movement.
  • a tool for dispensing open retaining rings and for assembling them on grooved shafts and the like solely by its bodily movement toward said shaft comprising, in combination, an applicator blade having a working end provided with a substantially semicircular cut-out which opens through its end edge and has radius corresponding substantially to that of the outer-edge circle of said ring whereby it is adapted to accommodate a ring lowering thereinto from above and said working end is adapted to straddle the shaft on which ring assembly is to be effected, at least the rearward portion of the cut-out edge providing a push shoulder for the ring positioned in said cut-out, a stack rod for maintaining a supply of the rings to be dispensed and assembled in column formation above said applicator blade and having a flexible lower end portion disposed generally axially with respect to said cut-out while terminating just short thereof, means operative between the applicator blade and the upper end portion of the stack rod for connecting said parts together for movement in unison toward and away from said shaft, means normally providing
  • a tool for dispensing open retaining rings and for assembling them on grooved shafts and the like solely by its bodily movement toward said shaft comprising, in combination, an applicator blade having a working end provided with a substantially semicircular cut-out which opens through its end edge and has radius corresponding substantially to that of the outer-edge circle of said ring whereby it is adapted to accommodate a ring lowering thereinto from above and said working end is adapted to straddle the shaft on which ring assembly is to be effected, at least the rearward portion of the cut-out edge providing a push shoulder for the ring positioned in said cut-out, a stack rod for maintaining a supply of the rings to be dispensed and assembled in column formation above said applicator blade and having a flexible lower end portion disposed generally axially with respect to said cut-out while terminating just short thereof, means operative between the applicator blade and the upper end portion of the stack rod for connecting said parts together for movement in unison toward and away fiom said shaft, means normally
  • a tool for dispensing open retaining rings and for assembling them on grooved shafts and the like solely by its bodily movement toward said shaft comprising, in combination, an applicator blade having a working end provided with a substantially semicircular cut-out which opens through its end edge and has radius corresponding substantially to that of the outer-edge circle of said ring whereby it is adapted to accommodate a ring lowering thereinto from above and said working end is adapted to straddle the shaft on which ring assembly is to be etfected, at least the rearward portion of the cut-out edge providing a push shoulder for the ring positioned in said cut-out, a stack rod for maintaining a supply of the rings to be dispensed and assembled in column formation above said applicator blade and having a flexible lower end portion disposed generally axially with respect to said cut-out while terminating just short thereof, means operative between the applicator blade and the upper end portion of the stack rod for connecting said parts together for movement in unison toward and away from said shaft, means normally
  • a tool for dispensing open retaining rings and for assembling them on grooved shafts and the like solely by its bodily movement toward said shaft comprising, in combination, an applicator blade having a working end provided with a substantially semicircular cut-out which opens through its end edge and has radius corresponding substantially to that of the outer-edge circle of said ring whereby it is adapted to accommodate a ring lowering thereinto from above and said working end is adapted to straddle the shaft on which n'ng assembly is to be effected, at least the rearward portion of the cut-out edge providing a push shoulder for the ring positioned in said cut-out, a stack rod for maintaining a supply of the rings to be dispensed and assembled in column formation above said applicator blade and having a flexible lower end portion disposed generally axially with respect to said cut-out while terminating just short thereof, means operative between the applicator blade and the upper end portion of the stack rod for connecting said parts together for movement in unison toward and away from said shaft, means normally
  • a tool. for dispensing open retaining rings and for assembling them on grooved shafts and the like solely by its bodily movement toward said shaft comprising, in combination, an applicator blade having a working end provided with a substantially semicircular cut-out which opens through its end edge and has radius corresponding substantially to that of the outer-edge circle of said ring whereby it is adapted to accommodate a ring lowering thereinto from above and said working end is adapted to straddle the shaft on which ring assembly is to be effected, at least the rearward portion of the cut-out edge providing a push shoulder for the ring positioned in said cut-out, a stack rod for maintaining a supply of the rings to be dispensed and assembled in column formation above said applicator blade and having a flexible lower end portion disposed generally axially with respect to said cut-out while terminating just short thereof, means operative between the applicator blade and the upper end portion of the stack rod for connecting said parts together for movement in unison toward and away from said shaft, retractible means
  • a tool'for dispensing open retaining rings and for assembling them on grooved shafts and the like solely by its bodily movement toward said shaft comprising, in combination, an applicator blade having a working end provided with a substantially semicircular cut-out which opens through its end edge and has radius corresponding substantially to that of the outer-edge circle of said ring whereby it is adapted to accommodate a ring lowering thereinto from above and said working end is adapted to straddle the shaft on which ring assembly is to be effected, at least the rearward portion of the cut-out edge providing a push shoulder for the ring positioned in said cut-out, a stack rod for maintaining a supply of the rings to be dispensed and assembled in column formation above said applicator blade and having a flexible lower end portion disposed generally axially with respect to said cut-out while terminating just short thereof, means operative between the applicator blade and the upper end portion of the stack rod for connecting said parts together for movement in unison toward and away from said shaft, retractible means

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
US808376A 1958-06-16 1959-04-23 Tools for assembling retaining rings on grooved shafts, pins and the like Expired - Lifetime US2998643A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US808376A US2998643A (en) 1959-04-23 1959-04-23 Tools for assembling retaining rings on grooved shafts, pins and the like
BE589789A BE589789R (fr) 1959-04-23 1960-04-15 Perfectionnements apportés aux outils pour engager des bagues de retenue fendues et élastiques sur des pièces cylindriques
CH437460A CH381182A (de) 1958-06-16 1960-04-18 Werkzeug zum Montieren federnder Sicherungsringe

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US808376A US2998643A (en) 1959-04-23 1959-04-23 Tools for assembling retaining rings on grooved shafts, pins and the like

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US2998643A true US2998643A (en) 1961-09-05

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130012057A1 (en) * 2010-04-01 2013-01-10 Mbda France Fixture with electrical connections and systems for separable mechanical attachment

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2172847A (en) * 1936-06-20 1939-09-12 Western Electric Co Assembling tool
US2480037A (en) * 1945-03-01 1949-08-23 Honeywell Regulator Co Tool
US2870529A (en) * 1956-02-09 1959-01-27 Waldes Kohinoor Inc Means for assembling open retaining rings on shafts, pins and the like
US2895214A (en) * 1956-12-12 1959-07-21 Waldes Kohinoor Inc Means for assembling open retaining rings on shafts, pins, or the like

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2172847A (en) * 1936-06-20 1939-09-12 Western Electric Co Assembling tool
US2480037A (en) * 1945-03-01 1949-08-23 Honeywell Regulator Co Tool
US2870529A (en) * 1956-02-09 1959-01-27 Waldes Kohinoor Inc Means for assembling open retaining rings on shafts, pins and the like
US2895214A (en) * 1956-12-12 1959-07-21 Waldes Kohinoor Inc Means for assembling open retaining rings on shafts, pins, or the like

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130012057A1 (en) * 2010-04-01 2013-01-10 Mbda France Fixture with electrical connections and systems for separable mechanical attachment
US8777652B2 (en) * 2010-04-01 2014-07-15 Mdba France Fixture with electrical connections and systems for separable mechanical attachment

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