US3114232A - Method and apparatus for producing improved conductor cables - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for producing improved conductor cables Download PDF

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Publication number
US3114232A
US3114232A US174337A US17433762A US3114232A US 3114232 A US3114232 A US 3114232A US 174337 A US174337 A US 174337A US 17433762 A US17433762 A US 17433762A US 3114232 A US3114232 A US 3114232A
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United States
Prior art keywords
strands
layers
cable
pitch
layer
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Expired - Lifetime
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US174337A
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English (en)
Inventor
Haugwitz Otto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Delore SA Geoffroy
GEOFFROY-DELORE SA
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Delore SA Geoffroy
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR1170046D priority Critical patent/FR1170046A/fr
Priority to DEG22956A priority patent/DE1165701B/de
Priority to CH347114D priority patent/CH347114A/fr
Priority to GB9336/58A priority patent/GB881906A/en
Priority to US723757A priority patent/US3061997A/en
Priority claimed from US723757A external-priority patent/US3061997A/en
Application filed by Delore SA Geoffroy filed Critical Delore SA Geoffroy
Priority to US174337A priority patent/US3114232A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3114232A publication Critical patent/US3114232A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/02—Stranding-up
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B3/00—General-purpose machines or apparatus for producing twisted ropes or cables from component strands of the same or different material
    • D07B3/08—General-purpose machines or apparatus for producing twisted ropes or cables from component strands of the same or different material in which the take-up reel rotates about the axis of the rope or cable or in which a guide member rotates about the axis of the rope or cable to guide the rope or cable on the take-up reel in fixed position and the supply reels are fixed in position
    • D07B3/10—General-purpose machines or apparatus for producing twisted ropes or cables from component strands of the same or different material in which the take-up reel rotates about the axis of the rope or cable or in which a guide member rotates about the axis of the rope or cable to guide the rope or cable on the take-up reel in fixed position and the supply reels are fixed in position with provision for imparting more than one complete twist to the ropes or cables for each revolution of the take-up reel or of the guide member

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the manufacture of flexible multi-strand assemblies such as wire rope, cables, and the like, and is especially concerned with the production of electric cable conductors comprising a relatively large number of individual wires or strands.
  • the strands may be wound in separate layers, with adjacent layers being wound in opposite directions, or all the strands may be simultaneously twisted together with a common helical pitch and in a common direction.
  • This latter method is sometimes known as throwing.
  • the first above mentioned method results in a cable conductor having a perfectly smooth outer surface; however the method is slow and the output of machines operating in accordance with it is limited. Hence cable conductors produced in this way are expensive. Moreover, small feed-out reels have to be used.
  • the throwing process in turn can be subdivided since it may be performed as either a single-step or a two-ormore-step throwing process.
  • a single twist is imparted to the strands; that is, all the strands are fed from a feed-out station to an input die or guide in which they are combined, and are then passed to a take-up sheave which is rotated about an axis normal to the axis of the sheave, so as to impart the desired twist to all the strands simultaneously.
  • the single-stage throv ing process is convenient in that it imposes no limit on the size of feed-out reels used. It also permits winding the strands of the cable regularly in separate layers if desired. However its output is not substantially higher than that of the first method mentioned.
  • the feed-out reels supplying the individual strands or the take-up sheave for the completed cable are mounted for rotation and the reels or sheave complete one revolution each time the cable advances by an amount p if it is desired that the cable have a pitch p. It is readily appreciated that the production rate is limited by the maximum permissible rotation speed of the reels or sheave.
  • two-step or multiple-step throwing machines comprising generally a rotary frame and a sheave inside the frame to receive the cable which is twisted twice in succession for each rotation of the frame.
  • the cable is taken up at twice the rate for a same pitch p.
  • a two-step throwing machine has normally twice the output of a singlestep machine for a same speed of the rotating parts.
  • the strands are first pre-twisted by having a first twist imparted to them as the strands are passed from the input guide to a rotary frame and are then taken up on a stationary, intermediate, take-up drum or sheave mounted within the rotary frame.
  • the pre-twisted strands are drawn out from said intermediate take-up drum by way of the rotary frame and are passed in reverse to be taken up at a final take-up station exterior of the machine, an additional twist being imparted to the strands during this second stage of the process.
  • This two-stage throwing process permits high outputs.
  • the resulting cable conductor is somewhat unsatisfactory in that the strands thereof are apt to lie in irregular configurations with the various strands continually cross over. Smooth uniform layers cannot be obtained.
  • the over-all outer diameter of the finished cable is larger than the sum of the diameters of the respective strands and is larger than the diameter of a cable made by the other processes mentioned from the same number of strands, so that more insulating and shielding material is required. Appearance is poor and objectionable internal strains are found to be present Within the cable due to the irregular configuration of the strands.
  • Other objects are to provide improved multi-strand cables, conductors and the like, made by the multi-stage twisting processes described, which cables will be smoothly and regularly wound, will be free of outcroppings of inner strands, free of inner strains and stresses, and will have improved appearance.
  • the strands of successive layers having either a constant pitch p or a variable pitch of average value p, are not substantially parallel to each other, thereby eliminating mutual intersecting of strands.
  • the objectionable differential shortening of the strands in the inner and outer layer of a cable during the twisting or throwing operation is compensated for by applying an axial draft force to the strands at two spaced points respectively before and beyond the point where the strands are being twisted together, the draft force ap plied beyond said point being equal to, or preferably slightly higher than, the draft force applied before said point, so as to impart a slight elongation to the strands andthus oppose the tendency of the strands to distortion as otherwise present due to the effect of the different distances of said strands from the center of the cable, as explained above.
  • the strands are positively prevented from slipping and from shifting relatively to 'one another. It is found that the finished cable twisted in this way has full dimensional stability thereafter. Internal strains are stabilized.
  • the difference in draft velocities imparted to the strands before and beyond the twisting area is so selected that the maximum permanent elongation imparted to the strands of the outermost layer of the cable remains well within the safe tensile range.
  • the mechanical tensile characteristics of such a cable may, in fact, be improved owing to the pre-stressed condition of the strands.
  • FIG. 1 is a chart illustrating the process responsible for the relative shortening of the outer layers of a cable conductor during a throwing or twisting operation
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a double-twist two-stage throwing frame constructed in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary plan view corresponding to FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a developed view illustrating the crossed relationship obtained between adjacent layers of a cable conductor in case of a transient change effected in the pitch of one of the layers, according to a feature of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-section of the cable.
  • a central strand or core is surrounded by an innermost layer consisting of 6 strands, surrounded in turn by a 12-strand intermediate layer and then by an 18-strand outer layer.
  • the diameters of the respective layers are designated by d d d respectively; see cross sectional view in FIG. 5.
  • the pitch of the twisting process equals 15 times the over-all diameter of the conductor and that the twisting operation is performed in a single step, it is easily seen that the angle a formed by each strand of any one layer with the axis of the conductor equals 10 in the l8-strand outer layer, 7.5 in the 12-strand central layer, 4 in the 6-strand inner layer and of course for the central strand or core.
  • the first twisting step is performed with a pitch equal to twice the desired final pitch so that the corresponding values for the angle 0L then are 3.75", 2 and 0 respectively.
  • the relative shortening in the axial length of each layer with respect to the central strand equals 100(1-c0s ot)%.
  • the relative shortening effected in the respective layers during the initial twisting step would be respectively 0.38% for the 18-strand outer layer, 0.21% in the l2-strand intermediate layer and 0.06% in the 6-strand inner layer.
  • the above shortening of the various layers does not affect the characteristics of the conductor since the lengths of strand are supplied from the feed-out reels progressively as required, so that the respective strands are not subjected to any shortening or mechanical strains.
  • the twisting method of the invention eliminates the shortening in the respective layers during the twisting steps subsequent to the initial twisting step.
  • the method will be described with reference to FIG. 2 which illustrates the invention as embodied in a two-step, double-twist throwing machine of a general type similar to that described in the co-pending application Ser. No. 708,802, now Patent No. 2,998,694.
  • FIG. 2 there is illustrated such a machine supplied with individual wire strands 1 issuing from a feed-out reel station 2 supporting the feed-out reels of the respective strands.
  • the center reel 2a supplies the center strand.
  • Six reels 2b equally spaced around the reel 2a supply the strands of the first layer.
  • Twelve reels 2c equally spaced around the reels 2b supply the strands of the second layer.
  • Eighteen reels 2d equally spaced around the reels 2c supply the strands of the third layer.
  • the drawing shows only the reels contained in the vertical axial plane of center reel 2a.
  • the wires issuing from the respective feed-out reels are led through guides spaced circularly in distributor grille structures 3a, 3 and 4 so as to deliver the strands in generally concentric annular layers.
  • the guided strands are then assembled and twisted together with a cable as they pass through frames provided for that purpose.
  • the first layer supplied from reels 2b is assembled in a stationary frame f1 and mounted at the center of grille 3.
  • the strands of the second layer supplied from the reels 2c are assembled and twisted in a frame 22 which is reciprocated in a manner to be hereinafter described.
  • the strands of the third layer supplied from the reels 2d are assembled and twisted in a frame f3.
  • the throwing machine only briefly described herein, comprises downstream of the assembling and twisting frames two spaced aligned bearings 5 and 6 in which the pivot shafts 7 and 8 of a rotary frame 9 are journalled, said frame being driven in rotation from a motor 10.
  • a support 11 mounted within the frame 9 is a support 11 in which a pair of draft pulleys 12 are journalled.
  • Journalled in the support 11 coaxially with the rotary frame 9 is an intermediate take-up sheave 13 on which the pre-twisted cable is reeled.
  • a reciprocatory feeder pulley 14 is provided for uniformly depositing the cable in regular coils along the length of the sheave or drum 13.
  • the support 11 is held in a stationary condition by its own weight because its center of gravity is below the axis of bearings 5 and 6.
  • the drum 13 is rotated and the reciprocatory feeder device 14 is reciprocated by suitable drive means including a friction coupling, not shown, from the draft wheels 12.
  • a planetary bevel gear 17 meshing with the crown gear 16 is connected by a shaft a, to a suitable gearing p1-p6 for driving the draft wheels 15.
  • the gear p1 drives a gear p2 to which is secured for rotation therewith a gear 173 seen in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the gear p3 meshes with a gear p4 keyed on the same shaft as a bevel gear p5.
  • Gear p5 drives a further bevel gear p6 secured for rotation with one of the draft wheels 15.
  • the other planetary bevel gear 18 of the differential unit e is connected to the draft wheels 12 through a shaft a and gearing p9 to p15.
  • the shaft a with gear p7 secured thereto drives gear p8 secured to gear 29 meshing with gear p10 keyed on the same shaft as gear p11.
  • This gear 111 drives a gear p12 secured to a further gear p13 meshing with gear p14 keyed to the same shaft as bevel gear p15 meshing with bevel gear p16 keyed to the same shaft as one of the draft wheels 12.
  • a reverser clutch 19 is adapted to be driven from crown gear 16 in one direction during the first stage of the twisting process (i.e. from the feed-out station 2 to the intermediate take-up drum 13) and in the opposite direction from the crown gear 16a and gear e during the second stage of the process (from drum 13 to final take-up 21), and drives the planetary bevel gear 18 in a corresponding direction through a drive including variable ratio gears for modifying the throwing pitch and a gear p17 meshing with the gear p7.
  • the operation of the differential is such that both draft wheel systems 12 and 15 are normally rotated at a common speed and in the same direction.
  • the cable conductor is passed in a reverse direction from drum 13- outwards and, in the exemplary installation shown, is finally received over a pulley P1 in a stationary cylindrical barrel 21 where it is coiled.
  • the strands 1 fed from the reels 2a to 2d are formed into a cable C of several layers twisted successively in the same direction by the grille structures 3a, 3 and 4, and by the frames 71, 22 and f3.
  • the cable C issuing from the frame f3 passes over a guide pulley P2, is then wound several turns on the two draft wheels 15, passes over another guide pulley P3, then through the inside of the hollow shaft 7, over guide pulleys P4 and P5, through a hollow tube T mounted on the rotary frame 9', over guide pulleys P6 and P, and through the hollow shaft of the sheave 13, following which it is wound several turns on the two drafting 'wheels 12 and finally wound around sheave 13.
  • the pitch of the 12 strand layer for example may be varied within the range extending form the pitch of the 6-strand layer to that of the 18-strand layer, so that it will be longer in some sections and shorter in others, although the average pitch should of course remain the same as in the remaining layers.
  • the resulting cable will be of the type illustrated in the developed view of FIG. 4.
  • one layer shown in dotted lines has a constant pitch throughout the length of the conductor while another layer shown in full lines has a cyclically modified pitch in the manner just indicated, with the pitch of the full-line layer being greater in the section between lines A and B, and smaller within the section from B to C. It will be seen that with this arrangement the two layers are regularly crossed over: Thus, the objectionable effects previously noted are again avoided, though in a different way.
  • any desired variation of pitch may be imparted to one or more layers of strands in a cable conductor or similar multi-strand assembly, over a length including one or more pitch lengths.
  • the distributor grids 3 and 4 (FIG. 2) are spaced by a suitable amount and a reciprocatory movement is imparted to the die supporting structure 22.
  • the point at which the strands of the layer under consideration are combined is caused alternately to move towards and away from the assembling point of the strands of the adjacent layer, thereby alternately shortening and lengthening the twisting pitch without however modifying the average pitch in the layer.
  • Various desirable cable configurations may be achieved in this way, one being that wherein all the odd layers (for instance) are cyclically varied in pitch while all the even layers are made to retain a constant pitch.
  • the reciprocation of the frame 22 may be effected in any suit able way, e.g. by means of a roller g secured to the frame 22, slidable on rods 1 and riding in an endless helical cam groove formed in a drum 23 driven from the shaft 7 through suitable reduction gearing 24.
  • pulleys In order to avoid distorting the truly circular shape of the cable conductor due to pulling forces exerted as the conductor is passing around the various drive and draft pulleys, all such pulleys should be dimensioned with relatively large diameters, and the grooves should be so shaped as to conform accurately to the contour of the cable. Hence, such pulleys are preferably removably mounted so as to be readily interchangeable for use with cable conductors differing in cross section.
  • a method of producing a cable having a plurality of coaxial layers each comprising a plurality of helically wound strands comprising simultaneously winding all the layers in the same direction while continuously and cyclically varying the helical pitch of strands of selected layers and while keeping all the strands restricted within associated layers.
  • a method of producing a cable having a plurality of coaxial layers each constituted by a plurality of helically wound strands comprising: simultaneously winding the strands of all the layers in the same direction while continuously and cyclically varying the helical pitch between strands of adjacent layers.
  • a method of producing a cable having a plurality of coaxial layers each constituted by a plurality of helically wound strands comprising simultaneously winding the strands of all the layers in the same direction while winding the strands in selected layers with a predetermined constant helical pitch, and while winding the strands in the remaining layers with a continuous cyclically varied helical pitch which is alternately larger and smaller than said predetermined constant pitch, said layers being wound with the strands thereof remaining restricted in respective layers.
  • a method of producing a cable having a plurality of coaxial layers each constituted by a plurality of helically wound strands comprising simultaneously winding the strands of all the layers in the same direction while winding the strands of alternating layers respectively with a continuous cyclically varied helical pitch and with a constant helical pitch, said varied helical pitch varying alternately larger and smaller than the constant helical pitch such that the strands of the cyclically variable pitch layers define variable pitch helixes.
  • a throwing machine for producing a multi-strand cable which comprises a feed-out station for feeding a plurality of strands, an input guide for combining the 7 8 strands, means for imparting helical twist to said COrn- References Cited in the file of this patent bined strands, means for cyclically reciprocating said in- UNITED STATES PATENTS put guide to cyclically vary the helical pitch of said 2,058,234 Johannessen Oct.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
US174337A 1957-03-26 1962-02-02 Method and apparatus for producing improved conductor cables Expired - Lifetime US3114232A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1170046D FR1170046A (fr) 1957-03-26 1957-03-26 Procédé et dispositif de moulinage à multiple torsion
DEG22956A DE1165701B (de) 1957-03-26 1957-09-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von lagenweise aufgebauten Litzenleitern mit mehrfacher Verdrillung
CH347114D CH347114A (fr) 1957-03-26 1958-03-21 Procédé de moulinage à multiple torsion et moulineuse pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
GB9336/58A GB881906A (en) 1957-03-26 1958-03-24 Method and machine for manufacturing flexible multi-strand assemblies
US723757A US3061997A (en) 1957-03-26 1958-03-25 Method and apparatus for producing improved conductor cables
US174337A US3114232A (en) 1957-03-26 1962-02-02 Method and apparatus for producing improved conductor cables

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1165701X 1957-03-26
US723757A US3061997A (en) 1957-03-26 1958-03-25 Method and apparatus for producing improved conductor cables
US174337A US3114232A (en) 1957-03-26 1962-02-02 Method and apparatus for producing improved conductor cables

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US3114232A true US3114232A (en) 1963-12-17

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US174337A Expired - Lifetime US3114232A (en) 1957-03-26 1962-02-02 Method and apparatus for producing improved conductor cables

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US (1) US3114232A (fr)
CH (1) CH347114A (fr)
DE (1) DE1165701B (fr)
FR (1) FR1170046A (fr)
GB (1) GB881906A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3388543A (en) * 1964-12-22 1968-06-18 British Ropes Ltd Manufacture of wire strands
US4182105A (en) * 1978-05-26 1980-01-08 Yoshida Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of manufacturing collectively stranded wires for communication cables
CN113257489A (zh) * 2021-06-02 2021-08-13 合肥神马科技集团有限公司 一种同心绞排线装置

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2433989A1 (fr) * 1978-08-22 1980-03-21 Sodetal Cable metallique et procede de fabrication
IT1134613B (it) * 1980-12-05 1986-08-13 Redaelli Tecna Spa Macchina perfezionata per la produzione di trefoli
FR2549278B1 (fr) * 1983-07-11 1986-02-21 Cables De Lyon Geoffroy Delore Procede de fabrication d'un conducteur pour cable sous-marin d'energie, conducteur issu de ce procede et cable en faisant application
CN109112865B (zh) * 2018-10-29 2020-05-19 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 钢丝绳双捻机集线装置及其集线方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2058234A (en) * 1935-06-01 1936-10-20 Western Electric Co Method and apparatus for combining strands
US2412196A (en) * 1942-10-24 1946-12-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Method of and apparatus for producing stranded cables
US2556164A (en) * 1947-06-06 1951-06-12 American Steel & Wire Co Apparatus for making stranded wire structures
US2882676A (en) * 1954-12-06 1959-04-21 Western Electric Co Cable stranding apparatus
US2924930A (en) * 1957-07-19 1960-02-16 Western Electric Co Apparatus for making random unit lay cable

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH148878A (de) * 1929-09-11 1931-08-15 Bell Telephone Mfg Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kabeln.
NL77507C (fr) * 1950-04-20

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2058234A (en) * 1935-06-01 1936-10-20 Western Electric Co Method and apparatus for combining strands
US2412196A (en) * 1942-10-24 1946-12-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Method of and apparatus for producing stranded cables
US2556164A (en) * 1947-06-06 1951-06-12 American Steel & Wire Co Apparatus for making stranded wire structures
US2882676A (en) * 1954-12-06 1959-04-21 Western Electric Co Cable stranding apparatus
US2924930A (en) * 1957-07-19 1960-02-16 Western Electric Co Apparatus for making random unit lay cable

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3388543A (en) * 1964-12-22 1968-06-18 British Ropes Ltd Manufacture of wire strands
US4182105A (en) * 1978-05-26 1980-01-08 Yoshida Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of manufacturing collectively stranded wires for communication cables
CN113257489A (zh) * 2021-06-02 2021-08-13 合肥神马科技集团有限公司 一种同心绞排线装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1165701B (de) 1964-03-19
GB881906A (en) 1961-11-08
FR1170046A (fr) 1959-01-08
CH347114A (fr) 1960-06-15

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