US3375863A - Apparatus for continuous casting metal tubes - Google Patents

Apparatus for continuous casting metal tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3375863A
US3375863A US536593A US53659366A US3375863A US 3375863 A US3375863 A US 3375863A US 536593 A US536593 A US 536593A US 53659366 A US53659366 A US 53659366A US 3375863 A US3375863 A US 3375863A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
mandrel
mold
metal
reservoir
crucible
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US536593A
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English (en)
Inventor
Oliver B Atkin
Cuvin Howard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Atlantic Richfield Co
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Anaconda American Brass Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Anaconda American Brass Co filed Critical Anaconda American Brass Co
Priority to US536593A priority Critical patent/US3375863A/en
Priority to FR62602A priority patent/FR1480828A/fr
Priority to CH757966A priority patent/CH458638A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3375863A publication Critical patent/US3375863A/en
Assigned to ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY, A PA CORP. reassignment ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY, A PA CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ANACONDA COMPANY THE, A DE CORP
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/006—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/0401—Moulds provided with a feed head

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the continuous casting of metal tubes, and more particularly, it relates to an improved mandrel and mold assembly in apparatus for the continuous casting of metal tubes, and to an improved method of continuously casting metal tubes.
  • the operation of continuously casting metal shapes is initiated by pouring molten metal into a crucible of an assembly for maintaining the metal in its molten state.
  • the crucible has an outlet, usually in the bottom, and has a mold in which the molten metal is shaped and solidified connected to the crucible outlet.
  • the mold is usually open at both of its ends, and as the molten metal solidifies into the metal shape defined by the mold, it contracts away from the walls of the mold, and therefore, can be linearly withdrawn from the mold on a continuous basis.
  • an elongated mandrel must be mounted to extend axially into the mold opening but spaced from the inner walls of the mold to define a tubular space between the mandrel and mold.
  • the mandrel is advanced along the mold and mandrel, and the mandrel is of suflicient length that cooling and solidification of the metal occurs before the metal is advanced beyond thetip of the mandrel to form the solid tubular shape.
  • the invention is in continuous casting apparatus for the continuous casting of metal tubes having a crucible containing molten metal mounted in an assembly for maintaining a reservoir of molten metal therein.
  • An outlet is provided in the outlet of the crucible through which molten metal is fed for casting and a mold in which the molten metal is shaped and solidified is connected with the outlet.
  • Means are also included for withdrawing the solidified metal from the mold.
  • the improvement is in combination with this type apparatus and particularly resides in a mandrel and mold assembly.
  • the mandrel assembly is characterized by a mandrel head mounted at and substantially closing the inlet end of the mold with one end substantially within the crucible and the opposite end within the mold.
  • An integral elongated mandrel of reduced circumference from the mandrel head extends from the opposite end of the mandrel head and is spaced from the inner walls of the mold to define an elongated tubular space therebetween.
  • Secondary reservoir means extend below the mandrel head for maintaining molten metal adjacent the tubular space immediately below the mandrel head and channel means lead from the secondary reservoir to the tubular space for controlling the flow of metal from the secondary reservoir into the tubular space immediately below the mandrel head whereby the molten metal can be maintained molten Within the secondary reservoir and fed into the tubular space in its molten state.
  • This secondary reservoir can be provided by an axial bore extending through the mandrel head and into the mandrel, which bore is open at the top end of the mandrel head and has a closed bottom located within the elongated mandrel beyond the head.
  • a plurality of circumferentially spaced channels of smaller size opening than the bore lead from substantially the bottom of the bore to the tubular space immediately below the mandrel head.
  • the secondary reservoir can also be provided by an exterior reservoir positioned along the outer wall of the mold, which exterior reservoir opens into the crucible and terminates with a closed bottom below the mandrel head.
  • a plurality of circumferentially spaced inwardly extending channels are provided in the mold and have smaller size openings than the reservoir with the channels leading from substantially the bottom of the reservoir to the tubular space immediately below the mandrel head.
  • a collecting chamber immediately beneath the mandrel head by a reduction in diameter ofv the mandrel head to provide an enlarged tubular space maintaining a quantity of molten metal at the uppermost inlet end of the elongated tubular space so that a quantity of molten metal is always available for feeding between the mandrel and mold.
  • this' combined structure serves also as a means for gas release. This combination of a collecting chamber and gas release is particularly useful in the casting of thin walled tubes.
  • the mandrel assembly has particular application in combination with continuous casting apparatus in which the crucible outlet is provided at the bottom of the crucible and the mold is co-axially aligned with the crucible outlet so that the metal is continuously gravity fed into the mold. And, more specifically, by connecting the mandrel head to the inlet end of the mold to form a substantially unitary assembly, the advantages of an easily replace'able assembly are also realized.
  • the common feature of the invention is to provide means for maintaining a reservoir of molten metal in the normally cool zone of the apparatus in proximity with the inlet end of the tubular sizing space between the mandrel and mold so that there will be good liquid flow of metal into the annular space before solidification thereby insuring uniformity of size in the cast tube.
  • the method of the invention is in combination with a method of continuously casting metal tubes wherein molten metal is directly fed from a crucible into a cooled zone and shaped into tubular form in the cooled zone in a tubular space defined between a mandrel and mold, solidified, and continuously withdrawn from the annular space.
  • the improvement relates to feeding the molten metal into the cooled zone to provide a reservoir of molten metal adjacent the tubular space, maintaining the molten metal in the reservoir and then feeding the molten metal from the reservoir into the tubular space.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevation, partly broken away and partly in section of continuous casting apparatus of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary section of a first embodiment of a mandrel and mold assembly in the continuous casting apparatus
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary plan view of the mandrel assembly taken along lines 3-3 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary section of a second embodiment of a mandrel and mold assembly in the continuous casting apparatus
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of the second embodiment of mandrel and mold assembly shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary section of a third embodiment of a mandrel and mold assembly in the continuous casting apparatus
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view of the third embodiment of the mandrel and mold assembly shown in FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary section of a fourth embodiment of a mandrel and mold assembly in the continuous casting apparatus
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view of the fourth embodiment of the mandrel and mold assembly shown in FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged fragmentary section of a fifth embodiment of a mandrel and mold assembly in the continuous casting apparatus.
  • FIG. 11 is a plan View of the fifth embodiment of the mandrel and mold assembly shown in FIG. 10.
  • the vertical continuous casting apparatus shown in the drawing consists of a crucible 10 which is shown substantially filled with molten metal 11.
  • the crucible is mounted within a holding furnace assembly 12 which is constructed of an outer metal sheet 13 and is lined with a heat insulating material 14.
  • a plurality of burners 15 extend through the side walls of the holding furnace 12 at spaced intervals to supply the necessary heat to the crucible to keep the metal molten.
  • a crucible outlet 16 which leads into an elongated cylindrical annular furnace opening 17.
  • the cylindrical opening extends through the insulating material 14 and the outer sheet 13 at the bottom of the holding furnace assembly 12.
  • a cooling zone 18 extends from below the crucible outlet to the outlet from the apparatus and is defined in part by a copper cooling block 19 which is supported on a plate 20, and the plate in turn is supported on a pair of threaded bolts 21 which depend from a plate at the bottom of the holding furnace assembly 12.
  • the cooling block has a plurality of water passages 22 formed therein so that a coolant such as cold water can be circulated through the block to maintain it cooled during operation.
  • a cylindrical cooling block opening 23 extends axially and completely through the cooling block in co-axial alignment with the crucible outlet 16 and the annular furnace opening 17.
  • a graphite mold 25 Positioned with its marginal inlet end 24 within the crucible outlet 16 and extending through the cylindrical furnace opening 17 and through the cylindrical cooling block opening 23 and in co-axial alignment with the cru proficient outlet is a graphite mold 25.
  • the mold is held in place in the crucible outlet 16 and the annular furnace opening by a deposit of refractory cement 26.
  • the inlet end 24 of the mold extends slightly above the bottom of the crucible for the reason that this extension will insure that the metal flowing into the mold will not be partially cooled by the crucible bottom; this is particularly important at the start.
  • An intermediate portion 27 of the graphite mold is within the cooling zone and its marginal outlet end 28 extends outwardly from the bot tom of the cooling block.
  • the cooling block 19 surrounds a major length of the intermediate portion 27 of the graphite mold and is in heat exchange relationship therewith.
  • an outwardly flared portion 29 which seats in an annular recess 30 provided in the cooling block to retain the mold in the block against longitudinal displacement in the direction of travel of the metal shape passing therethrough.
  • an inner marginal portion 31 thereof is of a larger diameter than the general remaining inside diameter of the mold, and an annular shoulder 32 is defined by this increase in diameter.
  • mandrel assembly 33 Positioned within the mild in such a manner as to form a unitary structural assembly therewith is mandrel assembly 33,
  • the mandrel assembly consists of an enlarged cylindrical head 34 which has a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the inner marginal portion 31 and of a length such that its upper end 35 is substantially coextensive with the inlet end of the mold and its lower end 36 seats flush in the annular shoulder 32 and is within the mold.
  • the cylindrical head is adhesively sealed to the inner marginal portion of the mold.
  • an elongated tapered mandrel 37 which is generally frustro comically-shaped and is of a smaller diameter than both the cylindrical head 34 and the general inside diameter of the mold so that an elongated tubular space 38, preferably annular in section, is defined between the mandrel and the inner wall of the mold in which the molten metal is solidified and shaped into a tube.
  • the tip 39 of the mandrel extends well into the cooling zone to a point surrounded by the cooling block to the extent necessary to insure that solidificatcion of the tube has occurred before the tip of the mandrel is reached by the continuously advancing metal.
  • a cylindrical axial bore 40 extends through the mandrel head 34 from the upper end 35 beyond the lower end 36 and into the mandrel 37; the bore has an open top end 41 at the upper end 35 and a closed bottom 42 located within the mandrel below the head so as to define a reservoir or well for an intermediate supply of molten metal.
  • a plurality of circumferentially spaced radially extending channels 43 of a smaller size opening than the bore 40 extend radially outward and through the mandrel Wall from the bottom of the bore to the tubular space 38 below the mandrel head whereby molten metal can be maintained within the bore and thereby fed into the tubular space in its molten state.
  • a set of rollers 44 which are powered in a con ventional manner to withdraw the metal shape from the mold.
  • the mandrel and mold were designed to form a 1%" OLD. tube having a A" wall thickness.
  • the mandrel 36 had its greatest diameter of 1 immediately adjacent the mandrel head and the ID. of the mold was 2".
  • the axial bore had a diameter ofabout 1" and extended about /2" into the mandrel below the mandrel head.
  • Six A" diameter channels were drilled through the mandrel into the bottom of the bore.
  • molten metal is periodically poured into crucible 10 to maintain a reservoir of molten metal for continuous operation of the molten metal.
  • the molten metal is gravity fed to flow from the crucible outlet where it is restricted in its flow by the mandrel head 34- positioned therein.
  • a controlled amount of metal flows through into theaxial bore 40 where a reservoir of molten metal is maintained molten within the cooling zone 18.
  • the metal is then fed through the channels 43 and empties into the cooling zone 18 which extends from about the lower end .316 of the mandrel head through the cooling block 19 to the outlet end 28 of the mold.
  • the metal is fed into the tubular space cooling is initiated, and it is important that the amount of metal flowing into the tubular space 38 be limited so that the metal will not solidify before the metal has coalesced into tube form within the tubular space.
  • the temperature of the metal is brought to its solidification temperature, e.g. the copper alloys would be brought to a temperature of 1000 to 1350 C. Circulation of water through the cooling block 19 at a temperature of about 2 to 25 C. has
  • the metal in contact with the inner wall of the mold solidifies first, and as it solidifies it begins to contract away from the inner wall of the mold leaving a separation between the inner wall of the mold and the semi-solidified metal tube.
  • the mandrel is also preferably tapered or generally conical, as described, so that upon solidification the tube will be separated from both the inner wall of the mold and the mandrel and can thereby be withdrawn by means of the rollers on a continuous basis.
  • the simple construction of the substantially unitary mold and mandrel assembly gives clear advantages in continuous casting of tubes in apparatus of the gravity feed type wherein the metal flows from the bottom of a crucible.
  • the mandrel and mold assembly can easily be replaced after extended use of the apparatus, and the mandrel and mold of the new assembly are prealigned so that upon mounting in the apparatus the apparatus is ready to operate. While the apparatus shown is designed for casting cylindrical tubes, it is intended that it is in keeping with the invention to form any tubular shape. All these advantages are achieved with the additional embodiments described below.
  • a generally cylindrical mold 46 has a mandrel assembly 47 mounted together, with the two forming a substantially unitary structure.
  • the mandrel assembly consists of an enlarged cylindrical head 48 positioned at the inlet end of the mold and an elongated tapered mandrel 49 which is gene-rally frustro-conically shaped and is of smaller diameter than the mandrel head which extends axially into the mold and is spaced from the mold to define an elongated tubular space between the mold and mandrel.
  • an interior reservoir 50 is formed into the mandrel head and extends below the mandrel head into a portion of the mandrel 49 and it is provided with radially outwardly extending circumferentially spaced channels 51 of a smaller size opening than the bore which defines the reservoir.
  • the deposit of refractory cement 26 which holds the mold secured to the crucible 10 does not surround the marginal inlet end portion 52 of the mold and its absence thereby provides an annular exterior reservoir or well 53, the side walls of which are defined by a portion of the crucible and a portion of the outer wall surface of the mold and terminates with an annular bottom portion 54 which is substantially co-extensive with the bottom portion of the interior reservoir 50 provided in the mandrel.
  • a plurality of radially inwardly extending circumferentially spaced channels 55 lead from the exterior reservoir to the annular space immediately below the mandrel head.
  • the top of the exterior reservoir 53 is open to the crucible and a deposit of molten metal is maintained in the exterior reservoir and flows through the inwardly extending channels to the tubular space.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 a third embodiment is shown.
  • a mandrel 56 and a mold 57 have generally the same configuration and are attached in the same manner as that described above.
  • the reservoir 58 has an annular configuration with a bottom portion 59 terminating below the mandrel head 60 of the mandrel.
  • a plurality of radially inwardly extending circumferentially spaced channels 61 are provided and lead from the bottom portion of the annular exterior reservoir into the tubular space defined between the mandrel and the mold.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 the configuration and mold assembly shown is identical to the described with respect to the second embodiment above with one exception.
  • an interior reservoir 62 is provided by a bore extending axially into the mandrel and an exterior reservoir 63 is provided by an annular space between the crucible and the mold on the exterior of the marginal inlet end of the mold.
  • the dilference lies in the manner in which the channels extend from the reservoirs.
  • channels 64 which extend inwardly and are circumferentially spaced about the bottom of the interior reservoir extend at a tangent to the cylindrical bore defining the interior reservoir.
  • channels 65 which are circumferentially spaced and lead through the mold wall from the exterior reservoir are also arranged at a tangent to the inside diameter of the mold and thus, essentially at a. tangent to the tubular space which is preferable has an annular opening. With each other and with this tangential orientation of the channels the flow of metal into the tubular space is in a tangential direction and this insures that the space will be filled with metal so that when very thin-walled tubes are being continuously cast there will be no void in the formation of the tube wall.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 A fifth embodiment is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.
  • a mandrel 66 of a partially difierent configuration from that described previously is shown, but it is set into a mold 67 in the same way described above.
  • This embodiment is particularly designed for casting very thin-walled tubes with a wall thickness in the order of about 0.04 inch. Because of the thickness of the wall, the tubular space 68 between the mandrel and mold is of course very small.
  • a collecting chamber 69 is defined immediately beneath an enlarged mandrel head 66 and the inlet end of the tubular space 68 and between the mandrel 66 and the mold 67.
  • This collecting chamber is formed by the mandrel 66 inwardly beveled in a direction toward the mandrel head so as to provide an angled mandrel surface 70 of about 5 to 20 relative to the axis of the apparatus; thus the collection chamber gradually decreases in size toward the inlet end of the tubular space 68 to provide a steady gravity flow into the tubular space.
  • continuous casting apparatus of the gravity feed type for the continuous casting of metal tubes having a crucible containing molten metal mounted on an assembly for maintaining a reservoir of molten metal therein, an outlet in said crucible through which molten metal is gravity fed for casting, a mold in which said molten.
  • an integral mandrel and mold assembly formed of a non-metal, like graphite, comprising a mandrel head seated within the inlet end of the mold to form a substantially unitary assembly with the mold, with one end of the mandrel head substantially within the crucible and the opposite end within the mold, a cooling zone defined beneath the cmcible and extending from said opposite end of the mandrel head to the outlet end of the mold wherein the molten metal will solidify, an integral elongated mandrel of reduced circumference from said mandrel head extending from said opposite end of the mandrel head and spaced from the inner walls of the mold to define an elongated tubular space therebetween, a secondary reservoir open to the crucible and having its bottom.
  • said secondary reservoir means is comprised of an axial bore extending through said mandrel head and into said mandrel, said bore having an open top end at the end of the mandrel head facing the crucible and a closed bottom looated within the elongated mandrel below said head, and a plurality of circumferentially spaced radially extending channels in said mandrel of a smaller size opening than said bore and leading from substantially the bottom of said bore to said tubular space immediately below said mandrel head.
  • said secondary reservoir means is comprised of at least one exterior reservoir positioned along the outer wall of the mold, said exterior reservoir opening into the crucible and terminating with a closed bottom below the mandrel head, and a plurality of circumferentially spaced extending channels in said mold and of smaller size opening than said reservoir leading from substantially the bottom of said reservoir to said tubular space immediately below said mandrel head.
  • At least one exterior reservoir is positioned along the outer wall of the mold, said exterior reservoir opening into the crucible and terminating with a closed bottom below the mandrel head, and a plurality of circumferentially spaced inwardly extending channels in said mold of smaller size opening than said reservoir leading from substantially the bottom of said reservoir to said tubular space immediately below said mandrel head.
  • a collecting chamber of increased size from said elongated tubular space is provided immediately beneath the mandrel head by a reduction in diameter of the mandrel adjacent said channel means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
US536593A 1966-03-16 1966-03-16 Apparatus for continuous casting metal tubes Expired - Lifetime US3375863A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US536593A US3375863A (en) 1966-03-16 1966-03-16 Apparatus for continuous casting metal tubes
FR62602A FR1480828A (fr) 1966-03-16 1966-05-23 Appareil et procédé de coulée continue de tubes métalliques
CH757966A CH458638A (fr) 1966-03-16 1966-05-25 Procédé de moulage en continu de tubes métalliques et appareil pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3578065A (en) * 1968-08-31 1971-05-11 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Mandrel holder for horizontal pipe casting apparatus
US3736979A (en) * 1970-01-30 1973-06-05 Technica Guss Gmbh Die for tube profiles
US3934638A (en) * 1971-02-08 1976-01-27 Inland Steel Company Continuous casting process
JPS5516748B1 (fr) * 1971-04-19 1980-05-06
US5279353A (en) * 1992-06-04 1994-01-18 Nielsen Sr William D Method and apparatus to effect a fine grain size in continuous cast metals
US20100051225A1 (en) * 2008-09-01 2010-03-04 Scott Timothy A Continuous Cast Molten Metal Mold & Casting System
US20110308759A1 (en) * 2009-03-31 2011-12-22 Nippon Light Metal Co., Ltd. Hot-top for continuous casting and method of continuous casting
EP4552767A1 (fr) * 2023-11-10 2025-05-14 SMS Group GmbH Lingotière de tuyaux

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH231523A (de) * 1941-09-02 1944-03-31 Wieland Werke Ag Einrichtung zum stetigen Giessen von metallischen Hohlkörpern.
FR899415A (fr) * 1942-11-19 1945-05-30 Wieland Werke Ag Appareil de fabrication continue de tuyaux métalliques et de lingots creux moulés
US2466612A (en) * 1946-07-02 1949-04-05 American Smelting Refining Continuously casting hollow metal shapes
DE751356C (de) * 1936-08-19 1951-05-15 Wieland Werke Ag Vorrichtung zum ununterbrochenen Giessen von Metallrohren

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE751356C (de) * 1936-08-19 1951-05-15 Wieland Werke Ag Vorrichtung zum ununterbrochenen Giessen von Metallrohren
CH231523A (de) * 1941-09-02 1944-03-31 Wieland Werke Ag Einrichtung zum stetigen Giessen von metallischen Hohlkörpern.
FR899415A (fr) * 1942-11-19 1945-05-30 Wieland Werke Ag Appareil de fabrication continue de tuyaux métalliques et de lingots creux moulés
US2466612A (en) * 1946-07-02 1949-04-05 American Smelting Refining Continuously casting hollow metal shapes

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3578065A (en) * 1968-08-31 1971-05-11 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Mandrel holder for horizontal pipe casting apparatus
US3736979A (en) * 1970-01-30 1973-06-05 Technica Guss Gmbh Die for tube profiles
US3934638A (en) * 1971-02-08 1976-01-27 Inland Steel Company Continuous casting process
JPS5516748B1 (fr) * 1971-04-19 1980-05-06
US5279353A (en) * 1992-06-04 1994-01-18 Nielsen Sr William D Method and apparatus to effect a fine grain size in continuous cast metals
WO2010024921A1 (fr) * 2008-09-01 2010-03-04 Wagstaff, Inc. Moule pour métal en fusion coulé en continu et système de coulée
RU2520303C2 (ru) * 2008-09-01 2014-06-20 Уэгстафф, Инк. Форма для непрерывного литья расплавленного металла и система литья
CN102137727A (zh) * 2008-09-01 2011-07-27 瓦格斯塔夫公司 连续铸造熔融金属的模具和铸造系统
US20100051225A1 (en) * 2008-09-01 2010-03-04 Scott Timothy A Continuous Cast Molten Metal Mold & Casting System
AU2016204329B2 (en) * 2008-09-01 2018-06-28 Wagstaff, Inc. Continuous cast molten metal mold and casting system
US8215376B2 (en) 2008-09-01 2012-07-10 Wagstaff, Inc. Continuous cast molten metal mold and casting system
EP2331278A4 (fr) * 2008-09-01 2013-03-13 Wagstaff Inc Moule pour métal en fusion coulé en continu et système de coulée
CN102137727B (zh) * 2008-09-01 2015-06-17 瓦格斯塔夫公司 连续铸造熔融金属的模具和铸造系统
US20110308759A1 (en) * 2009-03-31 2011-12-22 Nippon Light Metal Co., Ltd. Hot-top for continuous casting and method of continuous casting
CN102365141B (zh) * 2009-03-31 2014-02-19 丰田自动车株式会社 连续铸造用保温帽及连续铸造方法
US9079242B2 (en) * 2009-03-31 2015-07-14 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hot-top for continuous casting and method of continuous casting
CN102365141A (zh) * 2009-03-31 2012-02-29 丰田自动车株式会社 连续铸造用保温帽及连续铸造方法
EP4552767A1 (fr) * 2023-11-10 2025-05-14 SMS Group GmbH Lingotière de tuyaux

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Owner name: ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY, A PA CORP.

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ANACONDA COMPANY THE, A DE CORP;REEL/FRAME:003992/0218

Effective date: 19820115