US3399715A - Method for the continuous casting of metal - Google Patents

Method for the continuous casting of metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3399715A
US3399715A US484796A US48479665A US3399715A US 3399715 A US3399715 A US 3399715A US 484796 A US484796 A US 484796A US 48479665 A US48479665 A US 48479665A US 3399715 A US3399715 A US 3399715A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cooling
droplets
gas
continuous casting
bar
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Expired - Lifetime
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US484796A
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English (en)
Inventor
Harders Fritz
Oeters Franz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dortmund Hoerder Huettenunion AG
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Dortmund Hoerder Huettenunion AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/112—Treating the molten metal by accelerated cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/003—Moulding by spraying metal on a surface

Definitions

  • the temperature distribution when measured at different points of its cross-section is so irregular that it is impossible to roll it with the aid of the same heat.
  • the casting must be cut up and re-heated before rolling and in this respect, the continuous casting method has no advantage over ingot casting.
  • the method of this invention which seeks to obviate this disadvantage has in common with the known continuous casting methods the. feature that molten metal is poured into a cooling tower or other chamber from which it passes out at the bottom in the form of a partly solidified bar.
  • the molten metal on introduction to the cooling chamber or housing is dispersed into individual droplets and these droplets are cooled by a current of gas and combined 1nto a bar at the mouth of the container, the bar being thereupon compressed.
  • a bar produced in this manner has substantially the same properties as a heated ingot and can therefore be directly subjected to further processing.
  • a bar having these properties can be deflected along a horizontal path i.e. out of the vertical, with a substantially smaller radius of curvature than is possible in the case of continuous casting. This results from the material being in a plastic condition which considerably facilitates every type of deformation.
  • the furnaces previously required for re-heating can be dispensed with and the compressed bar can be transferred directly in a continuous movement to a rolling mill, without being divided up.
  • the coolant gas is advantageously one which reacts only slightly or not at all wlth the surface of the steel droplets.
  • gases have been found to be blast furnace gas, optionally with additions of carbon monoxide and/ or hydrogen, as well as Water gas, and partly oxidised natural gas.
  • Hydrogen, or a gas 3,399,715 Patented Sept 3, 1968 which contains large quantities of hydrogen, in addition to carbon monoxide is particularly advantageous for cooling because owing to its high thermal conductivity hydrogen permits particularly rapid and intensive cooling of the droplets of steel.
  • hydrogen has the advantageous property that although during the cooling of the droplets it dissolves to a certain extent in the latter, as a rule it subsequently separates almost completely from the solid steel.
  • Blast furnace gas is suitable for cooling the droplets particularly if its high nitrogen content does not result in either any noteworthy absorption ofnitrogen, as in the case of unkilled steel, or if absorption of nitrogen is not harmful, as in the case of basic converter steel.
  • Blast furnace gas has the advantage of being cheaper than the above-mentioned gases.
  • the degree of cooling of the steel droplets in the cooling tower is so controlled that, depending on the size of the drops, about 2 to 20% of the mass solidifies. It is then advisable for the melt to be broken up into droplets of a size between 0.3 and 10.0 mm., preferably between 1.0 and 6.0 mm, which can be achieved through suitable shaping of the distributor device effecting dispersal and breaking up of the molten metal and by suitable proportioning of the quantity of steel fed per minute.
  • the upper limit of droplet size should be of the order of 3.0 mm., while in the case of hydrogen or a cooling gas containing hydrogen the upper limit may be 6.0 mm. With this size and when the above-mentioned cooling gases are used, there is practically no contamination of the steel by oxygen (oxidation) or possibly nitrogen. Unkilled and killed steels may be cast in this manner.
  • An apparatus suitable for carrying out the method of this invention comprises a cooling tower having at its upper end an inlet for introduction of the melt, a distributor or dispersing device disposed beneath said inlet and composed of refractory material, on to which the melt falls and so arranged that the melt is broken up into individual currents made up of small particles or droplets of molten metal and a discharge outlet at or in passage through which the droplets from the individual currents are re-united to form a compact mass together with connections for cooling gas pipes.
  • the distributor device may consist of a conical deflector the narrow end of which faces the inlet opening and which is sub-divided into sectors having different radial lengths. When a cone of this type is used, it is advisable for the quantity of melt introduced to be such as to provide a layer thickness over the surface of the cone not appreciably in excess of 4 mm.
  • FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of an apparatus suitable for carrying out the method of this invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a view in elevation, on an enlarged scale of a distributor device such as is used in the apparatus shown in FIGURE 1,
  • FIGURE 3 a plan view of the distributor device .of FIGURE 2.
  • the apparatus comprises a relatively wide cylindrical housing 1 which functions as the cooling tower in the sense originally referred to hereinabove, the tower having at its upper end a relatively narrow inlet opening 3, and at its lower end a wide discharge open ing 4, the width of which is a multiple of that of the top opening.
  • a relatively short chamber or continuous casting mold 7 is connected to the bottom opening 4 for operation as a cooling jacket, for which purpose it has a hollow wall 7' into which water enters at 8 and passes out again at 9.
  • Molten metal is fed to the housing 1 from a ladle 12 traversable over a platform 2 so that it can be run into position above the opening 3, an annular seal 13 if necessary being provided between the platform and the ladle when the latter has been brought into position.
  • a conical diverter plate 10 In alignment with and beneath the opening 3 is a conical diverter plate 10 having its lateral area facing upwards and supported by struts 11.
  • the plate 10, which forms the initially mentioned distributor is composed of refractory material.
  • the cone forming the distributor 10 is divided into a large number of sectors of different radial lengths, a total of 12 such sectors being provided in the example illustrated and having three different lengths, the longest sectors being designated at 17, those of medium length at 18 and the shortest sectors at 19.
  • Each sector is bounded along its radial sides by rims or beads 20, which together with the surface of the sector form a channel.
  • the beads 20 extend from outside to inside as far as the edge of a smooth conical surface 21.
  • the ladle 12 In operation the ladle 12 is brought into position over the opening 3 and after the seal 13 has been made the ladle is opened to allow a casting jet 22 to flow into the container 1 where it impinges on the distributor disc 10.
  • the effect of the disc 10 is to distribute the metal over the individual sectors 17, 18, and 19 and thereby divide it into 12 individual currents, which flow down in a thin layer outwards and over the perimeter 23.
  • the speed of pouring is controlled, preferably being selected so that the metal layers are not thicker than 4 mm. Under the action of surface tension, the layers at the edge of the distributor break up into drops, which fall through the cooling tower as a broad current or ourtain 24.
  • the cooling gas entering the housing at 5 and leaving at 6 flows in counter-current and under the action of the gas, the drops, which are cooled more or less intensively according to size, collect partly as a pool 25 of still liquid and partly in the plastic state beneath the opening 4, before finally passing out of the hopper 7 as a solid mass or bar 26.
  • the cooling action due to the hopper merely serves the purpose of effecting the complete solidification of a thin edge layer of the still uncompressed bar.
  • the bar 26 consists of drops which at their solidified surfaces become welded to one another. In passage between the two pairs of rolls 15 and 16, the bar is compressed and has imparted to it the shape of a flat slab. Cavities existing between the drops are closed after this deformation and the gas contained in them passes out in an upwards direction. The bar can then be deflected through 90 and subjected to further processing in a horizontal direction. Further shaping is possible and can readily be performed when the bar is to be rolled out into a sheet. In this case a continuous flow through the subsequent shaping rolls is possible without the bar having to be cut up into individual portions.
  • a suitable size of cooling tower has for example a diameter of about 1 metre and a height of 4 metres. Having regard to the time required by the drops to fall, the minimum height should generally be 3 metres. In the upward direction the height is limited by the speed of impingement of the drops.
  • the casting of killed open hearth steel containing 0.25% of carbon, 0.3% of silicon, 0.05% of phosphorus and 0.05% of sulphur will be described as an example.
  • the steel is poured into the container 1 from a ladle having a capacity of 80 tons at a speed of 5 tons per minute. Through the action of the distributor 10, drops of a size between 0.8 and 5 mm. will be produced.
  • the cooling gas used can contain 20% of blast furnace gas and 80% of a natural gas partly oxidised with oxygen, thus consisting of 2% of carbon dioxide, 33% of carbon monoxide, 54% of hydrogen, remainder nitrogen.
  • the gas is blown in at room temperature.
  • the gas consumption amounts to 240 normal cubic metres per minute and the outlet temperature amounts to about 1000 C.
  • the solidification amounts on the average to 20%.
  • distributor may be used, for example an annular slot or nozzle in which the steel is divided up by a sharp gas current, or a sievelike structure or else a refractory spray.
  • a method for the continuous casting of metal by passage through a vertical chamber wherein solidification by cooling takes place comprising the steps of (i) dispersing the molten metal on introduction to the cooling chamber so that it falls as droplets,
  • a method for the continuous casting of steel which comprises the steps of (i) feeding the molten metal into the upper end of a vertical chamber,
  • coolant gas is selected from carbon monoxide, hydrogen or a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
US484796A 1964-09-22 1965-09-03 Method for the continuous casting of metal Expired - Lifetime US3399715A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED0045482 1964-09-22

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US3399715A true US3399715A (en) 1968-09-03

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US484796A Expired - Lifetime US3399715A (en) 1964-09-22 1965-09-03 Method for the continuous casting of metal
US740000*A Expired - Lifetime US3530929A (en) 1964-09-22 1968-04-03 Apparatus for the continuous casting of metal

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US740000*A Expired - Lifetime US3530929A (en) 1964-09-22 1968-04-03 Apparatus for the continuous casting of metal

Country Status (8)

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US (2) US3399715A (de)
AT (1) AT251214B (de)
BE (1) BE668447A (de)
DE (1) DE1458031B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1074648A (de)
LU (1) LU49309A1 (de)
NL (1) NL6510277A (de)
SE (1) SE314479B (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3476172A (en) * 1966-02-08 1969-11-04 Impact Casting Co Inc Methods of die casting materials of relatively high melting temperatures
US3519059A (en) * 1967-07-12 1970-07-07 Viktor Grigorievich Voskoboini Method of vacuum slag refining of metal in the course of continuous casting
US4062397A (en) * 1976-03-16 1977-12-13 Cashdollar Sr Robert E Protection against oxidation of molten metal streams in continuous casting
US4874471A (en) * 1986-11-26 1989-10-17 Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques-Centrum Voor Research In De Metallurgie Device for casting a metal in the pasty phase
GB2347886A (en) * 1999-03-17 2000-09-20 British Steel Plc Apparatus for removing superheat from liquid metal using a distributor

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3771584A (en) * 1971-01-08 1973-11-13 Roblin Industries Method for continuously casting steel billet strands to minimize the porosity and chemical segregation along the center line of the strand
NL7903340A (nl) * 1979-04-27 1980-10-29 Philips Nv Foutcorrectieschakeling voor een beeld- en/of tekstontvanger.
DE3016173C2 (de) * 1980-04-26 1983-01-20 Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Stranggießen von Alkalimetall unter Druck
EP0200424B1 (de) * 1985-04-19 1989-07-19 National Research Development Corporation Formierung von Metallen
GB8629373D0 (en) * 1986-12-09 1987-01-21 Alcan Int Ltd Billet/tube
CA1296505C (en) * 1987-05-06 1992-03-03 R. Guthrie Research Associates Inc. Continuous casting of thin metal strip
BE1013745A3 (fr) * 2000-10-10 2002-07-02 Ct De Rech S Metallurg Ass San Procede et dispositif pour couler en continu de l'acier a composition chimique mixte.

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2140607A (en) * 1935-10-19 1938-12-20 American Metal Co Ltd Method of and apparatus for casting deoxidized copper
US2837790A (en) * 1953-12-28 1958-06-10 Ford Motor Co Process for degassing ferrous metals
US2891294A (en) * 1955-07-28 1959-06-23 Thyssen Huette Ag Process and apparatus for casting elongated slender lengths of metal
US3268958A (en) * 1963-12-19 1966-08-30 Midvale Heppenstall Company Slow pouring and casting system for ferrous and other metals
US3307228A (en) * 1963-11-01 1967-03-07 Albert W Scribner Continuous casting control method and apparatus

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE514623C (de) * 1928-12-06 1930-12-17 Hartstoff Metall A G Hametag Verfahren zur Erzeugung feiner Metallkoernungen aus geschmolzenem Metall
DE764133C (de) * 1936-07-31 1952-08-14 Siegfried Junghans Verfahren zum Herstellen von Metallbloecken und aehnlichen Werkstuecken in Kokillen nach dem Stranggiessverfahren
DE745546C (de) * 1938-02-19 1944-05-15 Siegfried Junghans Vorrichtung zum regelbaren Zufuehren des Giessgutes beim Stranggiessen von Metallen und Metallegierungen
DE844804C (de) * 1944-02-04 1952-07-24 Wieland Werke Ag Zwischengefaess fuer das stetige Giessen von metallischen Vollstraengen
US2674019A (en) * 1951-03-15 1954-04-06 Continuous Metalcast Co Inc Apparatus for conducting molten metal
DE959753C (de) * 1951-03-17 1957-03-14 Eisenwerke Gelsenkirchen Ag Vorrichtung zum Zufuehren des fluessigen Metalls beim Stranggiessen von duennwandigen Rohren od. dgl.
US3122434A (en) * 1960-06-03 1964-02-25 Republic Steel Corp Continuous process of producing strips and sheets of ferrous metal directly from metal powder

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2140607A (en) * 1935-10-19 1938-12-20 American Metal Co Ltd Method of and apparatus for casting deoxidized copper
US2837790A (en) * 1953-12-28 1958-06-10 Ford Motor Co Process for degassing ferrous metals
US2891294A (en) * 1955-07-28 1959-06-23 Thyssen Huette Ag Process and apparatus for casting elongated slender lengths of metal
US3307228A (en) * 1963-11-01 1967-03-07 Albert W Scribner Continuous casting control method and apparatus
US3268958A (en) * 1963-12-19 1966-08-30 Midvale Heppenstall Company Slow pouring and casting system for ferrous and other metals

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3476172A (en) * 1966-02-08 1969-11-04 Impact Casting Co Inc Methods of die casting materials of relatively high melting temperatures
US3519059A (en) * 1967-07-12 1970-07-07 Viktor Grigorievich Voskoboini Method of vacuum slag refining of metal in the course of continuous casting
US4062397A (en) * 1976-03-16 1977-12-13 Cashdollar Sr Robert E Protection against oxidation of molten metal streams in continuous casting
US4874471A (en) * 1986-11-26 1989-10-17 Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques-Centrum Voor Research In De Metallurgie Device for casting a metal in the pasty phase
GB2347886A (en) * 1999-03-17 2000-09-20 British Steel Plc Apparatus for removing superheat from liquid metal using a distributor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT251214B (de) 1966-12-27
DE1458031B1 (de) 1971-10-14
GB1074648A (en) 1967-07-05
LU49309A1 (de) 1965-10-11
BE668447A (de) 1965-12-16
NL6510277A (de) 1966-03-23
SE314479B (de) 1969-09-08
US3530929A (en) 1970-09-29

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