US3403969A - Solvent bonding of fiber fleeces including shock-like heat treatment prior to complete vaporization of solvent - Google Patents
Solvent bonding of fiber fleeces including shock-like heat treatment prior to complete vaporization of solvent Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3403969A US3403969A US318098A US31809863A US3403969A US 3403969 A US3403969 A US 3403969A US 318098 A US318098 A US 318098A US 31809863 A US31809863 A US 31809863A US 3403969 A US3403969 A US 3403969A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fleece
- solvent
- fiber
- heat treatment
- fibers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 58
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 title description 15
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004397 EU approved solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 as for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/548—Acrylonitrile series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/50—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by treatment to produce shrinking, swelling, crimping or curling of fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/549—Polyamides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/55—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/552—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving by applying solvents or auxiliary agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/556—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving by infrared heating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of solidifying of fiber fleeces.
- fleece fabrics which are also called nonwoven fabrics
- binding agents By these binding agents it is brought about, that the individual fibers of the fleece fabric are connected together at their respective engagement points, whereby the entire fleece fabric is solidified.
- the solvent can be converted into vapor either naturally without application of heat under normal atmospheric pressure at room temperature or artificially by the application of heat or lower pressure.
- volatile swelling and solving agents respectively, in accordance with the definition given above, also mixtures of individual components can be used.
- the fiber fleeces manufactured in accordance with the present invention have maximum porosity and complete preservation of their volume, and the natural fiber grip is retained to the greatest extent; the fleeces are resistant against all agents which do not attack the fibers themselves and can, therefore, upon proper selection of the fibers be chemically cleaned, washed and form-retained.
- This method is applicable in principle to all types of fibers, suitable for the manufacture of fiber fleeces and for which solvents exist which correspond with the above mentioned criteria. There are particularly those which are, preferably, used as spinning solvents.
- the method according to the present invention has been shown particularly advantageous for the manufacture of solidified fiber fleeces containing acrylic fibers, particularly polyacrylonitrile fibers, so that the method will be further explained below in relation with ths type of fibers.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- DMSO is to be used suitably in mixtures with water.
- a mixture of about 30 parts DMSO and 70 parts water has a solving capacity for polyacrylonitrile fibers corresponding with the above mentioned criteria and, furthermore, it is no more hygroscopic, so that it can be stored also in open containers for any chosen time period, without, thereby, changing the concentration of the mixture.
- the fiber fleece treated with the mixture of DMSO and water in an atmosphere of an inert gas.
- This atmosphere of inert gases can be obtained either by blowing an inert gas, as for example, carbondioxide, nitrogen or the like, into the heating chamber, or a liquid,non-combustible solvent can be admixed to the DMSO-water-mixture, which solvent evaporates in the heating chamber and provides there the atmosphere of inert gases.
- an inert gas as for example, carbondioxide, nitrogen or the like
- a liquid,non-combustible solvent can be admixed to the DMSO-water-mixture, which solvent evaporates in the heating chamber and provides there the atmosphere of inert gases.
- solvents in particular methylene chloride has been found useful.
- a mixture of about 30 parts DMSO, 70 parts Water and 10 parts methylene chloride has no more the danger of fire under the given conditions of procedure and moreover, is also better suitable in its other characteristics for the method of the present invention.
- the methylene chloride is at first admixed to the pure DMSO, whereafter the methylene-chloride-DMSO-mixture is added to the water under stirring and strong cooling, since otherwise a homogeneous mixture and solution, respectively, of the three components almost cannot be obtained.
- a method of solidifying of acryl fiber fleeces, particularly polyacrylonitrile comprising the steps of:
- said solvent mixture comprises dimethyl sulfoxide as a solving component and water.
- said acrylic fibers comprise polyacrylonitrile fibers.
- said step of treating said fiber fleece is performed by spraying said solvent mixture into said fiber fleece to at least one side thereof.
- said step of treating said fiber fleece is performed by pressing said solvent mixture in a foamy state into said fiber fleece.
- said step of subjecting said fleece to a short shock-like heat treatment is performed by applying infrared radiation to said fleece.
- said step of subjecting said fleece to a short shock-like heat treatment is performed by applying a high frequency field to said fleece.
- said step of subjecting said fleece to a short shock-like heat treatment is performed in an atomsphere of an inert gas.
- said inert gas comprises the vapor of a noncombustible solvent having a low boiling point.
- said solvent mixture further includes methylene chloride.
- said step of treating said fiber fleece is performed by spraying said solvent mixture and the latter comprising about 30 parts dimethyl sulfoxide, parts water and 10 parts methylene chloride.
- said solvent mixture is prepared by first mixing said dimethyl sulfoxide with said methylene chloride and then adding water, and then stirring and cooling.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT852362A AT252177B (de) | 1962-10-29 | 1962-10-29 | Verfahren zum Verfestigen von Faservliesen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3403969A true US3403969A (en) | 1968-10-01 |
Family
ID=3606229
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US318098A Expired - Lifetime US3403969A (en) | 1962-10-29 | 1963-10-22 | Solvent bonding of fiber fleeces including shock-like heat treatment prior to complete vaporization of solvent |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3403969A (de) |
| AT (1) | AT252177B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE1560650A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3961107A (en) * | 1970-10-30 | 1976-06-01 | Hammer Klaus Dieter | Fiber fleece containing a polymeric reinforcing material, and process for the production of such fleece |
| USRE30061E (en) * | 1966-07-26 | 1979-07-31 | Johnson & Johnson | Nonwoven fibrous product and method of making the same |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3041586A1 (de) * | 1980-11-04 | 1982-05-13 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Trockenspinnverfahren |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2590850A (en) * | 1949-10-10 | 1952-04-01 | Dungler Julien | Method of treating sheet material coated with gelatine |
| US2914422A (en) * | 1954-09-03 | 1959-11-24 | Celanese Corp | Batting material and process for producing same |
| US3053609A (en) * | 1958-11-17 | 1962-09-11 | Du Pont | Textile |
| US3143437A (en) * | 1959-02-02 | 1964-08-04 | Crylor | Treatment of polyacrylonitrile textile materials |
| US3236587A (en) * | 1959-10-09 | 1966-02-22 | Du Pont | Process of solvent bonding napped textile fabric |
-
1962
- 1962-10-29 AT AT852362A patent/AT252177B/de active
-
1963
- 1963-10-15 DE DE19631560650 patent/DE1560650A1/de active Pending
- 1963-10-22 US US318098A patent/US3403969A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2590850A (en) * | 1949-10-10 | 1952-04-01 | Dungler Julien | Method of treating sheet material coated with gelatine |
| US2914422A (en) * | 1954-09-03 | 1959-11-24 | Celanese Corp | Batting material and process for producing same |
| US3053609A (en) * | 1958-11-17 | 1962-09-11 | Du Pont | Textile |
| US3143437A (en) * | 1959-02-02 | 1964-08-04 | Crylor | Treatment of polyacrylonitrile textile materials |
| US3236587A (en) * | 1959-10-09 | 1966-02-22 | Du Pont | Process of solvent bonding napped textile fabric |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USRE30061E (en) * | 1966-07-26 | 1979-07-31 | Johnson & Johnson | Nonwoven fibrous product and method of making the same |
| US3961107A (en) * | 1970-10-30 | 1976-06-01 | Hammer Klaus Dieter | Fiber fleece containing a polymeric reinforcing material, and process for the production of such fleece |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT252177B (de) | 1967-02-10 |
| DE1560650A1 (de) | 1969-08-28 |
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