US3502494A - Process and apparatus for continuous fluid coating of a traveling web - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for continuous fluid coating of a traveling web Download PDF

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Publication number
US3502494A
US3502494A US592096A US3502494DA US3502494A US 3502494 A US3502494 A US 3502494A US 592096 A US592096 A US 592096A US 3502494D A US3502494D A US 3502494DA US 3502494 A US3502494 A US 3502494A
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United States
Prior art keywords
coating
pressure
chamber
web
doctor edge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US592096A
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English (en)
Inventor
Mamoru Ishiwata
Yosuke Uchida
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fujifilm Holdings Corp
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Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd filed Critical Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
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Publication of US3502494A publication Critical patent/US3502494A/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/32—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with an excess of material, e.g. from a reservoir or in a manner necessitating removal of applied excess material from the paper
    • D21H23/40—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with an excess of material, e.g. from a reservoir or in a manner necessitating removal of applied excess material from the paper only one side of the paper being in contact with the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
    • B05C5/0254—Coating heads with slot-shaped outlet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C9/00—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important
    • B05C9/06—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying two different liquids or other fluent materials, or the same liquid or other fluent material twice, to the same side of the work
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
    • D21H5/0005—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating
    • D21H5/0012—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating by bringing paper into contact with an excess of fluids, the paper carrying away only a part of the fluid material, e.g. by passing through liquids, gases or vapours
    • D21H5/0015—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating by bringing paper into contact with an excess of fluids, the paper carrying away only a part of the fluid material, e.g. by passing through liquids, gases or vapours only one side of the paper being in contact with the treating medium, e.g. paper carried by support
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/74—Applying photosensitive compositions to the base; Drying processes therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/136—Coating process making radiation sensitive element

Definitions

  • Apparatus for forming the above process comprising means to reduce the pressure on the fluid coating composition, a vacuum chamber surrounding the back and transverse sides of the coating composition is also disclosed.
  • the means of reducing the pressure on the fluid coating composition comprises means for evacuating the space above the composition in the chamber containing the composition.
  • the present invention relates to a process for coating continuously a fluid coating composition or fiuid coating compositions in a layer or layers on the surface of a continuously traveling web and more particularly to an improved so-called doctor coating process or knife coating process by retaining a fluid coating composition in the chamber directly behind the doctor edge of a coating means placed with a slight interval from the surface of a continuously traveling web to be coated and withdrawing said coating composition therefrom by the traveling web in an amount defined by the clearance between the doctor edge and the surface of the web.
  • the thickness of the coated layer withdrawn by a traveling web may be generally represented by the following equation referring to the relations shown in FIG. 6 of the accompanying drawing:
  • Equation A In an ordinary doctor coating process, Equation A becomes wherein (I 1P2) clpg cos 020 and hence That is, the thickness of coating cannot be reduced to less than /2 of the clearance between the doctor edge and the support. Accordingly, in order to carry out thin layer coating by doctor coating, the clearance between the doctor edge and the support must be narrowed, which is accompanied by the following three difliculties.
  • One of the difliculties is that the clearance between the doctor edge and the support is locally narrowed when foreign solid matters deposited on or embedded in the back surface of the support or the surface of a roll pass through said clearance, which results in the formation of comets in the coated layer.
  • the second difliculty is that accompanied with narrowing the clearance, the effect of errors in the accuracy of the doctor edge and the roll and in the thickness of the support are increased, which makes the thickness of the coated layer uneven.
  • the third difficulty is that in the case where the joint portion of supports passes through the clearance betwen the doctor edge and the support, the coating means or roll must be moved so that the clearance is enlarged.
  • FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of the present invention in which the principle of the invention is applied to obtain multiple layers,
  • FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of multiple layer coating according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view showing a portion of a doctor edge
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing the influence of the clearance between a doctor edge and the surface of a web on the amount of a fluid coating composition coated on the web surface.
  • a coating apparatus for carrying out one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a web 1 to be coated is continuously moved and backed up by a roll 2.
  • a coating means 3 having a doctor edge 4 and a chamber 5 for containing a coating composition, said chamber 5 being formed behind said doctor edge 4, is placed at a slight interval from the surface of the traveling web.
  • the coating composition in the chamber is maintained at a definite level by means of a liquid level controlling means 6 and the pressure in the space 8 above the fluid composition in the chamber is reduced by means of a blower 7.
  • a chamber 10 the pressure in which is suitably reduced by means of a blower 9, is provided to the back side and the transverse sides of the coating means to prevent the entrance of the ambient atmosphere into the chamber 5.
  • a fluid coating composition such as a photographic emulsion, is supplied into the chamber 5 by means of a pump 11 at a rate controlled by means of the aforesaid level controlling means 6, and is withdrawn from the chamber by the traveling web to provide the coated layer thereof on the surface of said web.
  • FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which a coating means having a doctor edge 4 and a chamber 5 for a fluid coating composition and further equipped with, if necessary, a vacuum chamber 10 as in FIG. 1 is connected through a conduit 13 to a subsidiary chamber or tank 12.
  • the tank 12 is equipped with a level controlling means 6 and has a space 8, the pressure of which is maintained at a proper reduced pressure by means of a blower 7.
  • the fluid coating composition at the entrance of the doctor edge may be maintained at the value satisfying the following relation by leaving the space 8 and reducing the pressure in said space;
  • the thickness of the coated layer can be reduced to less than A2 of the clearance between the doctor edge and the web surface. If the coating procedure is conducted by the following conditions:
  • the pressure diiference between the entrance and the exit of the doctor edge, that is, 11 -11 in FIG. 5 may be 80 to 250 mm.
  • H O gauge for coating at a coating rate of 20-- 80 m./min. a coating composition having 30-100 cp. in viscosity and 1.0-1.1 gr./cc. in density in a thickness of 20-80 microns. Consequently, if the liquid level is maintained at 20-50 mm. H O, the pressure in the space 8 is usually from about l00 to about 300 mm. H O gauge.
  • thin-layer coating can be conducted with a comparatively large clearance between the doctor edge and the web surface and not accompanied by such troubles as the formation of comets, unevenness of coating thickness, and the difiiculty encountered in passing the jointed portion of webs or supports through the clearance.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an improved coating process and apparatus by which thin coating of a good quality is obtained without narrowing the clearance between the doctor edge and the support.
  • the feature of the present invention is in the point that by providing a space having a reduced pressure above a fluid coating composition in a chamber of a coating means or in a subsidiary chamber connected to the coating means, a pressure gradient is applied to a fluid coating composition positioned between the doctor edge and a traveling support such that the pressure is gradually decreased in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of said support.
  • Another feature of the present invention besides the above system, is providing a chamber having a reduced pressure at the back side and the transverse sides of said coating means, whereby the aforesaid pressure gradient can be increased remarkably.
  • a fluid coating composition or fluid coating compositions for forming a second or more layers on the coated layer on a support may be continuously supplied to the fore-wall of the doctor edge which is inclined toward the doctor edge and flow down in a layer or layers along the surface thereof.
  • an extrusion type hopper or extrusion type hoppers for forming a second layer or more thereon may be provided to the fore-wall of the doctor edge and said coating compositions may be applied to the coated surface on the support without leaving any air space between the layers.
  • EXAMPLE 1 By employing the coating apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1, a gelatino silver halide photographic emulsion for positive photographic cinefilm was applied to the surface of an undercoated cellulose triacetate film in accordance with the present invention.
  • the operating conditions were as follows:
  • Coating composition Viscosity 30 cp., density 1.05 g./cc.
  • Velocity of traveling support 40 m./ min.
  • Liquid level of the coating composition in chamber 5 Liquid level of the coating composition in chamber 5:
  • the thickness of the thus coated layer was about /5 of one obtained by a conventional doctor coating. After coating, the coated layer was immediately set and then dried, and the resulting film was subjected to quality tests, which showed that the layer had a uniform thickness and no comets were formed therein.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Three layers of gelatino silver halide photographic emulsions for positive color cinefilm were applied on an undercoated cellulose triacetate film using the coated apparatus illustrated in FIG. 4 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the operating conditions were as follows:
  • First coated layerBlue-sensitive emulsion layer Viscosity 50 cp., density 1.05 g./cc.,
  • Second coated layerRed-sensitive emulsion layer Viscosity 50 cp., density 1.03 g./cc.,
  • Third coated layerGreen-sensitive layer Viscosity 50 c.p. density 1.04 g./cc.
  • the thickness of the thus coated first layer was about one-fourth that of a layer obtained by a conventional doctor coating method. After coating, the coated layers were immediately set and dried, and the resulting film was subjected to quality tests, which showed that the layers have a uniform thickness, that no comets ⁇ were observed in the layers, and that no intermixing of coating compositions was observed between layers.
  • the traveling direction of a support at the doctor edge of a forming means and a system for conducting multiple layer coating may be selected as desired.
  • said fluid coating composition is a composition for the production of photographic, light-sensitive elements.
  • means to reduce the pressure on said fluid coating composition being lwithdrawn from said doctor edge means comprising means for evacuating a space above said composition in the chamber containing said composition, and vacuum means surrounding the back and transverse sides of said coating composition so that a thinner coating is withdrawn than would otherwise be withdrawn onto said web at the same interval between the doctor edge and said web.
  • said means to reduce the pressure on said fluid coating composition comprises a second chamber so connected to the. chamber containing said composition that a reduction in pressure in said second chamber results in a reduction in the pressure on said composition and means to reduce the pressure in said second chamber.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
US592096A 1965-11-04 1966-11-04 Process and apparatus for continuous fluid coating of a traveling web Expired - Lifetime US3502494A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6766765 1965-11-04

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US (1) US3502494A (fr)
DE (1) DE1497488A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1510097A (fr)
GB (1) GB1159208A (fr)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3645773A (en) * 1969-02-10 1972-02-29 Agfa Gevaert Ag Process for coating substrates in strip-form with photographic emulsion
US3663292A (en) * 1969-02-10 1972-05-16 Agfa Gevaert Ag Process for coating strip-form substrates
US3916043A (en) * 1971-11-15 1975-10-28 Eastman Kodak Co Method of coating a spliced web
US3915712A (en) * 1969-07-12 1975-10-28 Agfa Gevaert Ag Process and an apparatus for improving the properties of solutions having a high solids content, which are to be used for coating a tape particularly solutions of photographic emulsions
US3958532A (en) * 1974-07-22 1976-05-25 Polaroid Corporation Coating apparatus
US4038442A (en) * 1975-09-16 1977-07-26 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for coating
US4113903A (en) * 1977-05-27 1978-09-12 Polaroid Corporation Method of multilayer coating
US4125641A (en) * 1974-10-16 1978-11-14 Inventing S.A. Method for applying a coating composition onto a moving paperweb
US4257343A (en) * 1973-11-16 1981-03-24 Billeruds Aktiebolag Coating apparatus with vacuum biased doctor blade
DE3046960A1 (de) * 1979-12-17 1981-09-03 Aktiebolaget Karlstads Mekaniska Werkstad, 65221 Karlstad Stroemungsverteiler fuer eine austragvorrichtung fuer einen fluessigen film
EP0038526A1 (fr) * 1980-04-17 1981-10-28 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Appareil pour revêtir une bande avec un matériau de couchage visqueux
US5154951A (en) * 1990-03-26 1992-10-13 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for use in bead coating a web with liquid composition
EP0526005A1 (fr) * 1991-07-29 1993-02-03 Nylok Fastener Corporation Appareil et méthode pour l'application d'un matériau liquide sur des attaches taraudées
US5294258A (en) * 1992-04-08 1994-03-15 Nordson Corporation Apparatus for producing an integral adhesive matrix
US5728430A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-03-17 Avery Dennison Corporation Method for multilayer coating using pressure gradient regulation
US5962075A (en) * 1995-06-07 1999-10-05 Avery Dennison Method of multilayer die coating using viscosity adjustment techniques
US6824828B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2004-11-30 Avery Dennison Corporation Method for forming multilayer release liners
US20060258249A1 (en) * 2005-05-11 2006-11-16 Fairbanks Jason S Elastic laminates and process for producing same
US20140121597A1 (en) * 2012-10-25 2014-05-01 Surmodics, Inc. Apparatus and methods for coating medical devices
US10099041B2 (en) 2012-06-01 2018-10-16 Surmodics, Inc. Apparatus and methods for coating medical devices
US11628466B2 (en) 2018-11-29 2023-04-18 Surmodics, Inc. Apparatus and methods for coating medical devices
US11819590B2 (en) 2019-05-13 2023-11-21 Surmodics, Inc. Apparatus and methods for coating medical devices
US12496612B2 (en) 2021-01-08 2025-12-16 Surmodics, Inc. Coating application system and methods for coating rotatable medical devices

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4708629A (en) * 1984-07-06 1987-11-24 Tadashi Kasamatsu Film-forming T die for low viscosity resin

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3206323A (en) * 1962-06-12 1965-09-14 Eastman Kodak Co Coating high viscosity liquids
US3348964A (en) * 1964-05-01 1967-10-24 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Immersion coating of strip material

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3206323A (en) * 1962-06-12 1965-09-14 Eastman Kodak Co Coating high viscosity liquids
US3348964A (en) * 1964-05-01 1967-10-24 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Immersion coating of strip material

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3663292A (en) * 1969-02-10 1972-05-16 Agfa Gevaert Ag Process for coating strip-form substrates
US3645773A (en) * 1969-02-10 1972-02-29 Agfa Gevaert Ag Process for coating substrates in strip-form with photographic emulsion
US3915712A (en) * 1969-07-12 1975-10-28 Agfa Gevaert Ag Process and an apparatus for improving the properties of solutions having a high solids content, which are to be used for coating a tape particularly solutions of photographic emulsions
US3916043A (en) * 1971-11-15 1975-10-28 Eastman Kodak Co Method of coating a spliced web
US4257343A (en) * 1973-11-16 1981-03-24 Billeruds Aktiebolag Coating apparatus with vacuum biased doctor blade
US3958532A (en) * 1974-07-22 1976-05-25 Polaroid Corporation Coating apparatus
US4125641A (en) * 1974-10-16 1978-11-14 Inventing S.A. Method for applying a coating composition onto a moving paperweb
US4038442A (en) * 1975-09-16 1977-07-26 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for coating
US4113903A (en) * 1977-05-27 1978-09-12 Polaroid Corporation Method of multilayer coating
DE3046960A1 (de) * 1979-12-17 1981-09-03 Aktiebolaget Karlstads Mekaniska Werkstad, 65221 Karlstad Stroemungsverteiler fuer eine austragvorrichtung fuer einen fluessigen film
US4340011A (en) * 1979-12-17 1982-07-20 Aktiebolaget Karlstads Mekaniska Werkstad Flow distributor for a liquid film discharging device
EP0038526A1 (fr) * 1980-04-17 1981-10-28 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Appareil pour revêtir une bande avec un matériau de couchage visqueux
US4335672A (en) * 1980-04-17 1982-06-22 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus for coating a web with a viscous coating material
US5154951A (en) * 1990-03-26 1992-10-13 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for use in bead coating a web with liquid composition
EP0526005A1 (fr) * 1991-07-29 1993-02-03 Nylok Fastener Corporation Appareil et méthode pour l'application d'un matériau liquide sur des attaches taraudées
US5750444A (en) * 1992-04-08 1998-05-12 Nordson Corporation Breathable fabric lamination, apparatus and methods
US5294258A (en) * 1992-04-08 1994-03-15 Nordson Corporation Apparatus for producing an integral adhesive matrix
US20050100677A1 (en) * 1995-06-07 2005-05-12 Avery Dennison Corporation Method for forming multilayer release liners and liners formed thereby
US5962075A (en) * 1995-06-07 1999-10-05 Avery Dennison Method of multilayer die coating using viscosity adjustment techniques
US6824828B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2004-11-30 Avery Dennison Corporation Method for forming multilayer release liners
US20050074549A1 (en) * 1995-06-07 2005-04-07 Avery Dennison Corporation Method for forming multilayer release liners and liners formed thereby
US5728430A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-03-17 Avery Dennison Corporation Method for multilayer coating using pressure gradient regulation
US20060258249A1 (en) * 2005-05-11 2006-11-16 Fairbanks Jason S Elastic laminates and process for producing same
US10099041B2 (en) 2012-06-01 2018-10-16 Surmodics, Inc. Apparatus and methods for coating medical devices
US10507309B2 (en) 2012-06-01 2019-12-17 Surmodics, Inc. Apparatus and methods for coating medical devices
US20140121597A1 (en) * 2012-10-25 2014-05-01 Surmodics, Inc. Apparatus and methods for coating medical devices
US11090468B2 (en) * 2012-10-25 2021-08-17 Surmodics, Inc. Apparatus and methods for coating medical devices
US11628466B2 (en) 2018-11-29 2023-04-18 Surmodics, Inc. Apparatus and methods for coating medical devices
US11819590B2 (en) 2019-05-13 2023-11-21 Surmodics, Inc. Apparatus and methods for coating medical devices
US12496612B2 (en) 2021-01-08 2025-12-16 Surmodics, Inc. Coating application system and methods for coating rotatable medical devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1497488A1 (de) 1969-06-12
GB1159208A (en) 1969-07-23
FR1510097A (fr) 1968-01-19

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