US3522836A - Method of manufacturing wire and the like - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing wire and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US3522836A
US3522836A US651551A US3522836DA US3522836A US 3522836 A US3522836 A US 3522836A US 651551 A US651551 A US 651551A US 3522836D A US3522836D A US 3522836DA US 3522836 A US3522836 A US 3522836A
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United States
Prior art keywords
drum
metal
product
nozzle
orifice
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Expired - Lifetime
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US651551A
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English (en)
Inventor
Derek King
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Battelle Development Corp
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Battelle Development Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0611—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by a single casting wheel, e.g. for casting amorphous metal strips or wires

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a continuous product such as a metallic wire or strip from a molten material, comprising bringing forward said molten material continuously to the outlet orifice of a nozzle and moving a surface past said orifice so as to form the desired product thereon.
  • Certain conventional continuous casting methods for metals consist in creating a flow of molten material which is directed towards a moving surface serving to solidify and remove said material continuously. Manufacturing a product in this manner from the molten material obviously presents con' siderable advantages, in particular an appreciable reduction of the number of operations required. To obtain a uniform product having given quality and dimensions, one must, however, be able to pour said metal at a controlled rate i.e. to control the metal feed speed in a precise manner so as to keep it always equal to the speed of removal of the metal by means of.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method allowing any uniform continuous product, and in particular a metallic wire or strip having a small cross-section, to be continuously manufactured in a simple manner from a molten material.
  • the method according to the invention comprising bringing forward said molten material continuously to the outlet orifice ofa nozzle and moving a surface past said orifice so as to form the desired product thereon, further comprises the steps of: maintaining said material at said orifice at a constant temperature and pressure, said pressure being chosen to provide static equilibrium to allow said material to form a convex meniscus projecting at said orifice; bringing said moving surface into contact with said meniscus to draw off said molten material continuously therefrom; and maintaining said surface at a constant temperature such that said material solidifies progressively thereon to form the desired product.
  • the method according to the invention consists essentially in maintaining the molten material, at a constant temperature and at an appropriate static pressure, at the outlet of a nozzle such that the said material forms, at said outlet, a convex meniscus due to the equilibrium between the pressure and the surface tension thereof, and in carrying away from said meniscus the material serving to form the desired product.
  • the disadvantages of the conventional operation which consists in pouring the material are completely eliminated by keeping the various parameters at constant values such as to effect the material feed solely by dragging off said material by means of a moving surface kept at constant temperature.
  • the principle on which the present invention is based thus consists in using a moving surface to effect a continuous wiping" action on a meniscus formed by the molten material while maintaining the pressure in the latter within the limits corresponding to static equilibrium in order to allow replacement of the material removed by said surface. It is thus the speed of said moving surface which mainly determines the flow speed of the molten material.
  • the range of pressures extending between said limits is relatively large so that the conditions necessary for static equilibrium may be easily established, thus allowing stable flow and consequently a uniform product to be obtained in all cases.
  • the present invention also relates to an apparatus for manufacturing a continuous product by said method.
  • This apparatus comprises: a reservoir having at least one outlet pipe provided with a nozzle; means for maintaining said reservoir at atmospheric pressure; an adjustable heating device for maintaining said material, in said reservoir and in said pipe,
  • a regulator for keeping the free surface of said material in the reservoir at a desired constant level lying above said pipe; a drum adapted to rotate about a horizontal axis such that the peripheral surface thereof moves continuously past the outlet orifice of said nozzle, at a given adjustable distance therefrom; first adjustable drive means for rotating said drum at a given speed; and means for delivering a stream of fluid at an adjustable temperature for circulation within said drum to keep said drum surface at a desired constant temperature.
  • FIGURE 1 is a vertical cross-section of said embodiment.
  • lFllGURE 2 shows a variant of the apparatus represented in FIGURE 1.
  • FTGURE 3 shows schematically, on a larger scale, a detail of FIGURES l and 2.
  • the device represented in lFllGURE 1 comprises a reservoir 1 of refractory material such as alumina, which is open at the top and arranged within a chamber 2 formed by insulating walls 3, 4.
  • This chamber 2 is equipped with an electrical heating element 5 and forms a furnace resting on an adjustable support 6.
  • a horizontal outlet pipe 7, likewise of refractory material e.g. alumina, is mounted on the reservoir 1 and passes through the side wall of the chamber 2.
  • This pipe 7 is sur rounded by an insulating jacket 8 and by an electrical heating element 9.
  • a nozzle 10 having a free cross-section adapted to the profile of the desired product is mounted at the outlet of the pipe 7.
  • the reservoir 1 contains molten metal M having a free surface situated at a given small height above the pipe 7.
  • thermo-couples l4, l5 serve to measure the temperature of the molten metal in the reservoir 1 and at the outlet of the pipe 7 respectively and to control operation of the control devices l2, 13 so as to maintain the material surrounding said thermo-couples at predetermined temperatures.
  • This apparatus further comprises a hollow steel drum 16 mounted on a horizontal shaft and rotatably driven by means of an adjustable-speed motor 17, the means for controlling the speed of said motor being omitted from the drawing.
  • This drum 116 has a smooth peripheral surface and is arranged so that this surface moves upwards, at a given constant speed, past the outlet orifice of the nozzle lit). So as to allow the exact position of the outlet of the nozzle with respect to the peripheral surface of the drum 16 to be determined, according to the product to be manufactured, the support 6 on which the furnace rests further comprises two mechanisms (not shown) serving respectively for horizontal and vertical displacement of the furnace.
  • said drum surface is kept at an appropriate constant temperature by means of a stream of water circulating within the drum in, said flow being supplied by a constant-temperature water-bath 18.
  • This bath comprises a coil 19 in which cold water circulates continuously, an electrical heating element 20 and a pump 21 adapted to continuously circulate water, by the supply and return conduits 22 and 23 respectively, between the bath 18 and the drum 16.
  • a control device 24 further serves to regulate the heating current delivered to the heating element 20 from an AC. source 25, as a function of the water temperature measured by means of the thermo-couple 26, such that a constant desired temperature is maintained in the bath 18.
  • the wall 4 forming the cover of the chamber 2 is provided with an inlet pipe 28 which serves for the introduction of a charge of molten metal into the reservoir 1. This pipe further serves to maintain the chamber 2, and consequently the reservoir 1 at atmospheric pressure during operation of the apparatus.
  • the level of the free surface of the molten metal in the reservoir 1 is controlled by means of a regulator comprising a piston 29 driven by an electrical motor 30.
  • this motor 30 is connected to the piston 29 by means of a conventional transmission and reduction mechanism formed by a pulley 31 fixed to the shaft of motor 30, and endless belt 32 and a second pulley 33 co-operating with a vertical shaft 34 to which the piston 29 is fixed.
  • Well known means comprising, in particular, internal and external screw threads arranged respectively on the pulley 33 and at the upper end of the shaft 34, allow the rotational movement of the pulley 33 to be transformed into a linear vertical movement of the piston 29.
  • motor 30 is controlled by a switch 35 arranged in the supply circuit thereof which is connected to the A.C. source 25, said switch 35 being actuated by excitation of a relay 37.
  • Two switches 41 and 42 further serve to manually break the supply circuits ofthe motor 30 and the relay 37 respectively.
  • the apparatus further comprises a wiping member 36 for cleaning that part of the drum surface which is about to come into contact with the molten metal.
  • the variant differs from the embodiment according to FIGURE 1 only with regard to the means for regulating the level of the molten metal.
  • identical components already described with reference to the first embodiment have the same reference numerals in FIGURES l and 2.
  • the regulation of the level of the molten metal is obtained, in this variant, by means of a bar 43 of the metal intended for manufacturing the desired product, said bar being connected by means of a flexible cable 44 passing around two pulleys 45,46 to an electric motor 30.
  • the latter is controlled in the same manner as described above with reference to the motor 30 of the embodiment shown in FIGURE 1 and thus serves to move the bar downwards progressively when the surface of the metal lies below the desired level.
  • the lower part of the bar 43 is immersed progressively in the molten metal and brought into the molten state so that the surface of the molten metal rises up to the desired level. Once this level is reached, the galvanic contact is established between the electrodes 38 and 39, the motor 30 stops and the downward movement ofthe bar 43 is interrupted.
  • the pipe 28 may also be used for the introduction of an inert gas such as argon substantially at atmospheric pressure so as to prevent oxidation at the metal surface.
  • an inert gas such as argon substantially at atmospheric pressure so as to prevent oxidation at the metal surface.
  • FIGURE 3 shows schematically the manner in which the metal is drawn off, from the meniscus formed at the outlet orifice of the nozzle, 10, by means of the drum 16.
  • the meniscus (represented by dotted lines) may be more or less curved according to the height H of the metal level above the pipe 7, i.e. above the axis of the outlet orifice of the nozzle 10.
  • the height H which is maintained while manufacturing the product is chosen between the extreme positions I and ll corresponding respectively to the minimum pressure for forming a convex meniscus and the maximum pressure constituting the limit of static equilibrium, beyond which the meniscus breaks and, consequently, the metal pours out of the nozzle 10.
  • the maximum height H (in cms) may be estimated in most cases, for nozzles with outlet orifices having small vertical dimensions of the order of a few millimeters, by means of the following formulae:
  • T is the surface tension (dyne/cm.) of the molten material at the orifice
  • R is the radius (in ems.) ofthe orifice
  • p is the density (gr/cm?) of the molten material in the reservoir
  • g is the gravitational constant in cm/sec b.
  • T, p and g are the same as indicated above.
  • the heating elements 5, 9 are switched on so as to preheat the reservoir 1 and the pipe 7.
  • the metal is next introduced slowly into the reservoir 1 so as to form therein a bath of molten metal at constant temperature, the surface of which rises progressively.
  • the level which is chosen will obviously be situated between the limits I, ll mentioned above, at a height giving a meniscus which is sufficiently curved to allow it to be brought into contact with the drum 16.
  • the metal temperature at the .orifice is preferably at least 20C above the melting point of the particular metal.
  • the height of the electrode 39 is then adjusted so that the lower end thereof comes into contact with the metal surface which is situated at the desired level and the switches 41 and 42 are closed to allow the motor 30 and the relay 37 to operate.
  • the drum 16 is then heated to a temperature of at least 40C by means of the bath 18 and made to rotate with a peripheral velocity which corresponds to the desired feed velocity of the metal.
  • the meniscus formed at the orifice of the nozzle 10 is next brought into contact with the peripheral surface of the drum by adjusting the horizontal and vertical position of the support 6.
  • the various parameters such as drum temperature and speed, metal temperature at the orifice and the minimum distance between orifice and drum may then be adjusted so that the molten metal is drawn off uniformly and the product solidifies progressively on a portion of the periphery of the drum 16.
  • appropriate take-off means such as e.g. roll systems may be used to separate the solidified product from the drum 16.
  • the product thus obtained may obviously be subjected to a drawing out or rolling operation so as to modify the shape or surface quality thereof.
  • the optimal operating conditions of the apparatus according to the invention may thus be easily determined in each case by varying, in turn, the temperature of the molten material at the said meniscus, the temperature of the moving surface adapted to carry off the material and the speed of said surface until the desired product is obtained.
  • the ratio H :H, of the limiting heights between which the liquid level may vary while manufacturing may easily be of the order of 5:1. It is thus obvious that the height H is not critical for manufacturing the product, provided it be kept between said limiting heights so as to keep the drum surface in contact with the meniscus.
  • the method according to the present invention allows the rate of solidification of the material on the moving surface to be controlledin a precise manner especially by regulating the speed as well as the temperature of this surface. This allows the crystal-line structure of the product to be determined so as to confer desired mechanical properties to said product.
  • the apparatus described above has allowed various continuous products, in particular wires and strips of aluminium, the alloy known as anti-corrodal, copper and steel to be manufactured; these products had uniform dimensions and were of satisfactory quality.
  • Example 1 For manufacturing uniform wires made of aluminium, copper and mild steel (1 %C) and having a diameter of 2 mm, the apparatus is provided with a nozzle having a circular oritice with a diameter of 2 mm and with a drum having a diameter of 200 mm.
  • the peripheral speed of the drum may be increased so as to obtain a product of smaller crosssection than that ofthe orifice.
  • the apparatus described above has also been used for manufacturing aluminium fibres of relatively short length by rotating the drum ([6) at much higher speeds than those in dicated above.
  • the method according to the invention is also suitable for manufacturing a continuous product from other materials than those mentioned above by way of example.
  • materials may be considered particu larly suitable which do not allow manufacturing by drawing or rolling, such as brittle intermetallic compounds having bodycentered cubic crystal (BCC") structures or metallic oxidesv
  • BCC bodycentered cubic crystal
  • a levcLregulator instead of using a levcLregulator to keep the surface of the material at the pressure necessary for forming a meniscus, it is possible to provide the apparatus with a device allowing the pressure of a gas which is in chamber 2 and is in contact with the surface of the material in the reservoir to be controlled.
  • Such a device is shown generally by reference numeral 47.
  • This device serves to increase the pressure of the gas as the height of the metal level falls during operation of the apparatus, such that the pressure of the material be kept at the desired value at the orifice. This would allow a relatively high column, i.e. a larger reserve of metal in the reservoir by choos ing a gas pressure below atmospheric pressure.
  • the nozzle serving to form the meniscus may be oriented in any other direction than the horizontal direction.
  • a method of manufacturing a continuous product such as a metallic wire or strip from a molten material comprising:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
US651551A 1966-07-06 1967-07-06 Method of manufacturing wire and the like Expired - Lifetime US3522836A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH999166A CH461715A (fr) 1966-07-06 1966-07-06 Procédé de fabrication d'un produit continu à partir d'une matière en fusion

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US3522836A true US3522836A (en) 1970-08-04

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US (1) US3522836A (fr)
BE (1) BE700988A (fr)
CH (1) CH461715A (fr)
DE (1) DE1583577A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1160934A (fr)
NL (1) NL6709234A (fr)

Cited By (53)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3648655A (en) * 1970-09-25 1972-03-14 Kaiser Ind Corp Continuous charging apparatus
US3667421A (en) * 1970-09-17 1972-06-06 United Aircraft Corp Mechanism for controlling the thickness of a coating in a vapor deposition apparatus
US3738312A (en) * 1971-12-28 1973-06-12 Bethlehem Steel Corp Molten metal bath level maintenance system
US3831551A (en) * 1972-04-14 1974-08-27 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Apparatus for coating filamentary material
US3861450A (en) * 1973-04-06 1975-01-21 Battelle Development Corp An improved method of formation of filament directly from molten material
US3896203A (en) * 1973-04-23 1975-07-22 Battelle Development Corp Centrifugal method of forming filaments from an unconfined source of molten material
US4038940A (en) * 1974-07-24 1977-08-02 Heinz Gierse Device for the application of meltable or liquid colors
DE2746238A1 (de) 1976-10-22 1978-04-27 Allied Chem Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines metallstreifens
US4121535A (en) * 1977-03-16 1978-10-24 Inta-Rota, Incorporated Hot melt pumping apparatus
US4187930A (en) * 1978-04-27 1980-02-12 TRW Inc., Systems & Energy Dispensing method and system for lubricating oil and other liquids
US4221257A (en) * 1978-10-10 1980-09-09 Allied Chemical Corporation Continuous casting method for metallic amorphous strips
US4223634A (en) * 1975-11-22 1980-09-23 Heinz Gierse Device for the applying of melted or liquid dyes for the inking of cutting edges
US4326579A (en) * 1980-01-23 1982-04-27 National-Standard Company Method of forming a filament through melt extraction
US4393894A (en) * 1981-11-23 1983-07-19 Pitney Bowes Inc. Fluid supply and dispensing apparatus
US4399861A (en) * 1979-09-11 1983-08-23 Allied Corporation Casting gap control system
US4450206A (en) * 1982-05-27 1984-05-22 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Amorphous metals and articles made thereof
US4449568A (en) * 1980-02-28 1984-05-22 Allied Corporation Continuous casting controller
US4475583A (en) * 1980-05-09 1984-10-09 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Strip casting nozzle
US4479528A (en) * 1980-05-09 1984-10-30 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Strip casting apparatus
US4484614A (en) * 1980-05-09 1984-11-27 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Method of and apparatus for strip casting
DE2759736C2 (de) * 1976-10-22 1985-01-10 Allied Corp., Morris Township, N.J. Verwendung einer Schlitzdüse und eines Kühlkörpers
US4529628A (en) * 1979-07-31 1985-07-16 Battelle Memorial Institute Method for the continuous coating of at least one portion of at least one of the faces of a metallic substrate
US4552289A (en) * 1980-05-08 1985-11-12 Atlantic Richfield Company Tundish for ribbon casting of semiconductor ribbon
US4582116A (en) * 1980-12-29 1986-04-15 Allied Corporation Extraction method for filament formation of high temperature reactive alloys
US4617981A (en) * 1980-05-09 1986-10-21 Battelle Development Corporation Method and apparatus for strip casting
EP0174765A3 (en) * 1984-09-13 1987-03-25 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for continuous casting of crystalline strip
EP0174767A3 (en) * 1984-09-13 1987-04-08 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for direct casting of crystalline strip by radiantly cooling
US4678719A (en) * 1984-09-13 1987-07-07 Allegheny Ludlum Corporation Method and apparatus for continuous casting of crystalline strip
US4715428A (en) * 1984-09-13 1987-12-29 Allegheny Ludlum Corporation Method and apparatus for direct casting of crystalline strip by radiant cooling
US4751957A (en) * 1986-03-11 1988-06-21 National Aluminum Corporation Method of and apparatus for continuous casting of metal strip
EP0189313A3 (fr) * 1985-01-22 1988-08-24 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Procédé et dispositif pour compenser la perte de pression métallostatique pendant la coulée d'un métal liquide sur une surface refroidie mouvante
US4977951A (en) * 1990-01-10 1990-12-18 Ribbon Technology Corporation Apparatus for flow control of molten material by force detection
US4996025A (en) * 1986-01-23 1991-02-26 Federal-Mogul Corporation Engine bearing alloy composition and method of making same
US5053286A (en) * 1986-01-23 1991-10-01 Federal-Mogul Corporation Aluminum-lead engine bearing alloy metallurgical structure and method of making same
US5129445A (en) * 1989-12-26 1992-07-14 Usinor Sacilor, 4 Place De La Pyramide Method for starting the continuous casting of molten metal on a roll
US5291939A (en) * 1992-11-23 1994-03-08 Reynolds Metals Company Start-up method and apparatus for continuous casting of metal into strip product
US5341867A (en) * 1989-11-30 1994-08-30 Showa Electric Wire & Cable Co., Ltd. Electromagnetic levitation type continuous metal casting apparatus
US5740954A (en) * 1996-08-19 1998-04-21 General Dynamics Information Systems, Inc. Apparatus for attaching/detaching a land grid array component to a circuit board
US6063215A (en) * 1995-10-16 2000-05-16 Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation Method of manufacturing casting belts for use in the casting of metals
FR2806947A1 (fr) * 2000-04-04 2001-10-05 Pechiney Rhenalu Procede et dispositif de controle du niveau de metal d'une machine de coulee continue
US20030006021A1 (en) * 2001-05-01 2003-01-09 Antaya Technologies Corporation Apparatus for casting solder on a moving strip
US20050045100A1 (en) * 2003-03-03 2005-03-03 Derderian Garo J. Reactors, systems with reaction chambers, and methods for depositing materials onto micro-device workpieces
US20050045102A1 (en) * 2003-08-28 2005-03-03 Zheng Lingyi A. Methods and apparatus for processing microfeature workpieces, e.g., for depositing materials on microfeature workpieces
US20050120954A1 (en) * 2002-05-24 2005-06-09 Carpenter Craig M. Apparatus for controlling gas pulsing in processes for depositing materials onto micro-device workpieces
US20050133161A1 (en) * 2002-07-08 2005-06-23 Carpenter Craig M. Apparatus and method for depositing materials onto microelectronic workpieces
US20080029028A1 (en) * 2003-09-18 2008-02-07 Micron Technology, Inc. Systems and methods for depositing material onto microfeature workpieces in reaction chambers
US7427425B2 (en) 2003-02-11 2008-09-23 Micron Technology, Inc. Reactors with isolated gas connectors and methods for depositing materials onto micro-device workpieces
US7581511B2 (en) 2003-10-10 2009-09-01 Micron Technology, Inc. Apparatus and methods for manufacturing microfeatures on workpieces using plasma vapor processes
US7584942B2 (en) 2004-03-31 2009-09-08 Micron Technology, Inc. Ampoules for producing a reaction gas and systems for depositing materials onto microfeature workpieces in reaction chambers
US7588804B2 (en) 2002-08-15 2009-09-15 Micron Technology, Inc. Reactors with isolated gas connectors and methods for depositing materials onto micro-device workpieces
US7699932B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2010-04-20 Micron Technology, Inc. Reactors, systems and methods for depositing thin films onto microfeature workpieces
US8133554B2 (en) 2004-05-06 2012-03-13 Micron Technology, Inc. Methods for depositing material onto microfeature workpieces in reaction chambers and systems for depositing materials onto microfeature workpieces
CN111842825A (zh) * 2020-08-04 2020-10-30 镇江尚恩工程机械制造有限公司 一种超长高温合金管材垂直连铸拉拔设备及其使用方法

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JPS5474698A (en) * 1977-11-28 1979-06-14 Univ Tohoku Superconductive thin band and method of fabricating same

Cited By (62)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3667421A (en) * 1970-09-17 1972-06-06 United Aircraft Corp Mechanism for controlling the thickness of a coating in a vapor deposition apparatus
US3648655A (en) * 1970-09-25 1972-03-14 Kaiser Ind Corp Continuous charging apparatus
US3738312A (en) * 1971-12-28 1973-06-12 Bethlehem Steel Corp Molten metal bath level maintenance system
US3831551A (en) * 1972-04-14 1974-08-27 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Apparatus for coating filamentary material
US3861450A (en) * 1973-04-06 1975-01-21 Battelle Development Corp An improved method of formation of filament directly from molten material
US3896203A (en) * 1973-04-23 1975-07-22 Battelle Development Corp Centrifugal method of forming filaments from an unconfined source of molten material
US4038940A (en) * 1974-07-24 1977-08-02 Heinz Gierse Device for the application of meltable or liquid colors
US4223634A (en) * 1975-11-22 1980-09-23 Heinz Gierse Device for the applying of melted or liquid dyes for the inking of cutting edges
DE2746238A1 (de) 1976-10-22 1978-04-27 Allied Chem Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines metallstreifens
DE2759736C2 (de) * 1976-10-22 1985-01-10 Allied Corp., Morris Township, N.J. Verwendung einer Schlitzdüse und eines Kühlkörpers
JPS6046846A (ja) * 1976-10-22 1985-03-13 アライド―シグナル・インコーポレーテッド 結晶質金属の連続ストリツプ製造方法
JPS6046845A (ja) * 1976-10-22 1985-03-13 アライド―シグナル・インコーポレーテッド 非晶質金属の連続ストリツプ製造方法
US4121535A (en) * 1977-03-16 1978-10-24 Inta-Rota, Incorporated Hot melt pumping apparatus
US4187930A (en) * 1978-04-27 1980-02-12 TRW Inc., Systems & Energy Dispensing method and system for lubricating oil and other liquids
US4221257A (en) * 1978-10-10 1980-09-09 Allied Chemical Corporation Continuous casting method for metallic amorphous strips
US4529628A (en) * 1979-07-31 1985-07-16 Battelle Memorial Institute Method for the continuous coating of at least one portion of at least one of the faces of a metallic substrate
US4399861A (en) * 1979-09-11 1983-08-23 Allied Corporation Casting gap control system
US4326579A (en) * 1980-01-23 1982-04-27 National-Standard Company Method of forming a filament through melt extraction
US4449568A (en) * 1980-02-28 1984-05-22 Allied Corporation Continuous casting controller
US4552289A (en) * 1980-05-08 1985-11-12 Atlantic Richfield Company Tundish for ribbon casting of semiconductor ribbon
US4479528A (en) * 1980-05-09 1984-10-30 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Strip casting apparatus
US4484614A (en) * 1980-05-09 1984-11-27 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Method of and apparatus for strip casting
US4475583A (en) * 1980-05-09 1984-10-09 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Strip casting nozzle
US4617981A (en) * 1980-05-09 1986-10-21 Battelle Development Corporation Method and apparatus for strip casting
US4582116A (en) * 1980-12-29 1986-04-15 Allied Corporation Extraction method for filament formation of high temperature reactive alloys
US4393894A (en) * 1981-11-23 1983-07-19 Pitney Bowes Inc. Fluid supply and dispensing apparatus
US4450206A (en) * 1982-05-27 1984-05-22 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Amorphous metals and articles made thereof
US4715428A (en) * 1984-09-13 1987-12-29 Allegheny Ludlum Corporation Method and apparatus for direct casting of crystalline strip by radiant cooling
US4678719A (en) * 1984-09-13 1987-07-07 Allegheny Ludlum Corporation Method and apparatus for continuous casting of crystalline strip
EP0174765A3 (en) * 1984-09-13 1987-03-25 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for continuous casting of crystalline strip
EP0174767A3 (en) * 1984-09-13 1987-04-08 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for direct casting of crystalline strip by radiantly cooling
EP0189313A3 (fr) * 1985-01-22 1988-08-24 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Procédé et dispositif pour compenser la perte de pression métallostatique pendant la coulée d'un métal liquide sur une surface refroidie mouvante
US5053286A (en) * 1986-01-23 1991-10-01 Federal-Mogul Corporation Aluminum-lead engine bearing alloy metallurgical structure and method of making same
US4996025A (en) * 1986-01-23 1991-02-26 Federal-Mogul Corporation Engine bearing alloy composition and method of making same
US4751957A (en) * 1986-03-11 1988-06-21 National Aluminum Corporation Method of and apparatus for continuous casting of metal strip
US5341867A (en) * 1989-11-30 1994-08-30 Showa Electric Wire & Cable Co., Ltd. Electromagnetic levitation type continuous metal casting apparatus
US5129445A (en) * 1989-12-26 1992-07-14 Usinor Sacilor, 4 Place De La Pyramide Method for starting the continuous casting of molten metal on a roll
US4977951A (en) * 1990-01-10 1990-12-18 Ribbon Technology Corporation Apparatus for flow control of molten material by force detection
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DE1583577A1 (de) 1970-09-17
NL6709234A (fr) 1968-01-08
BE700988A (fr) 1968-01-08
GB1160934A (en) 1969-08-06
CH461715A (fr) 1968-08-31

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