US3554260A - Glass cord reinforcement of elastomeric articles - Google Patents

Glass cord reinforcement of elastomeric articles Download PDF

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Publication number
US3554260A
US3554260A US789217A US3554260DA US3554260A US 3554260 A US3554260 A US 3554260A US 789217 A US789217 A US 789217A US 3554260D A US3554260D A US 3554260DA US 3554260 A US3554260 A US 3554260A
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Prior art keywords
cord
glass
tensile
filaments
cords
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US789217A
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Paul S Shoemaker
Wlater K Klamp
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Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Co
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Uniroyal Inc
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Assigned to UNIROYAL TIRE COMPANY, INC., WORLD HEADQUARTERS, MIDDLEBURY, CT. 06749, A CORP. OF NJ reassignment UNIROYAL TIRE COMPANY, INC., WORLD HEADQUARTERS, MIDDLEBURY, CT. 06749, A CORP. OF NJ ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: UNIROYAL, INC., A CORP. OF NJ
Assigned to UNIROYAL GOODRICH TIRE COMPANY THE, A NY. GENERAL PARTNERSHIP reassignment UNIROYAL GOODRICH TIRE COMPANY THE, A NY. GENERAL PARTNERSHIP ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: UNIROYAL TIRE COMPANY, INC., A CORP OF NJ.
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/48—Tyre cords
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/0028—Reinforcements comprising mineral fibres, e.g. glass or carbon fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S57/00—Textiles: spinning, twisting, and twining
    • Y10S57/902—Reinforcing or tyre cords

Definitions

  • U.S. Cl 152/359, ABSTRACT The elimination or reduction of broken glass 152/361, 57/140 cords in pneumatic tires is accomplished by using cords with [51] Int. Cl B60c 9/06, tensile efficiency greater than percent and a twist product 8600 9/ 20: D02a 3/48 within the range of zero to 0.300 turns.
  • Tensile efficiency is a [50] Field of Search 57/140G, ratio of the in-rubber tensile strength of the cord to its 139, 152/ 330, 356, 359, 361 theoretical, calculated tensile strength.
  • This invention relates to glass cord as a reinforcing element in elastomeric articles. More particularly, the invention concerns an'improvement in glass cord used as a reinforcement element in pneumatic tires.
  • the come commercially available glass cord that is presently being used as a reinforcingmaterial for pneumatic tires and other elastomeric articles is comprised of a plurality of glass filaments. ln the'manufacture of the cord, a strand, or
  • the strand may then bet twisted a desired amount and may itself constitute the reinforcement cord, or the strand, whether twisted or untwisted, may be twisted together with other strands to form the cord.
  • the cord thus made is presently being used in pneumatic tires as either a carcass ply reinforcement element or as a material for use in a breaker that reinforces the" tread region of the tire.
  • a breaker is a layer of rubber-coated cord fabric placed under the tread of the tire and extending circumferentially therearound.
  • compression fatigue has reference to the inability of glass towithstand compressive forces. Although glass possesses high tensile strength and has low elongation characteristics as compared to most other materials, it is susceptible to fatigue and fracure-typefailure after having been subjected to forces of compression. As is well known by persons skilled in the art, repeated application of compressive forces to a glass cord causes a reduction in the tensile sn'ength of the cord. Because the repeated application of compressive forces occurs with respect to the glass cords used as'reinforcing ele ments in a rotating loaded tire, the cords ultimately fail by fracture.
  • Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 109 defines a ply" as a a layer of rubber-coated parallel cords," and the word"cor is defined as the strands forming the plies in the tire.”
  • Standard 109 provides for an endurance test of tires'on a test wheel of a given size and character, it being provided that after completion of the laboratory test-wheel endurance test..., no tire shall have...broken cords.”
  • the test procedure in Standard 109 requires that the tire to be tested be inflated to a specified pressure for the particular tire and that it be pressed against the test-wheel face. The test wheel and tire are then rotated together at a speed of 50 miles per hour for 4 hours at one specified load, for 6 hours at a'second specified load, and for 24 hours at a third'specified load. Because of the low speed at which this test is conducted, it is regarded as a mild test. Nevertheless, tires having glass cord breakers or body plies generally have not been able to satisfy the requirementof no broken cords upon completion of the test.
  • tensile efficiency refers to the ratio, which may be expressed as a percentage, of the in-rubber tensile strength of glass cord to its theoretical calculated tensile strength, this theoretical value being detemtined mathematically as hereinafter defined. It is believed that a glass cord which possesses a high tensile efficiency more uniformly distributes tensile stresses among the filaments of which it is comprised, and that failure of the cord as a result of nonuniform stress distribution is prevented thereby. Much of the commercially available glass cord has been found to possess a low tensile efficiency. Moreover the tensile efficiency is apparently randomly variable.
  • twist product of the glass cord is of some significance with respect to its failure by fracture. More specifically, it hasbe'en found that the higher the twist product of the cord, the greater is its resistance to compression fatigue, and that if the tensile efficiency of the glass cord is sufficiently high to substantially reduce broken glass cords, then even furth'er'improvement can be achieved through: utilization of glass cord with a high twist product.
  • the twist product is'defined as the mathematical product of the diameter of the cord, expressed in units of length, and the amount of twist 'inthe 'cord, expressed in units of turns per unit of length, the twist product therefore having units of turns.
  • the twist product is then the product of the final cord diameter and the final twist imparted to the several strands. Contrary to what is most desirable for resistance to compression fatigue, commercially available glass cord has a low twist product.
  • an object of the present invention'to provide a glass cord that is not susceptible to being broken when incorporated into a pneumatic tire as a reinforcement material.
  • a further object is to provide a glass cord that has improved resistance to fracture when used as a breaker reinforcement material.
  • Still another object is to establish the relationship of tensile efi'rciency and twist product of a glass cord to the performance of that cord as a reinforcement element in a pneumatic tire.
  • FIG. I is a partial crosssectional view of a bias ply tire having incorporated therein a breaker structure comprised of two layers of parallel glass cords;
  • FIG. 1A is an enlarged view of the tread surface of the tire of FIG. 1, parts of the tread surface being broken away to reveal the underlying breaker and ply structures and to show broken glass cords in the breaker structure as they might ordinarily occur;
  • FIG. 2 is a chart which illustrates typical glass cord constructions and numerical designations therefor;
  • FIG. 3 is a pictorial view showing the method for constructing samples of rubber reinforced with glass cord to be tested for in-rubber tensile strength
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the three-cord test sample that is placed in a tensile-testing machine in order to determine the in-rubber tensile strength of the glass cord, the three-cord test sample being a portion cut from the samples constructed in accordance with FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a graph of glass cord tensile strength per 204 G- size filaments versus twist product of the glass cord
  • FIG. 6 is a plot of data points showing the percent of broken cords in new tires as against their respective glass cord tensile efficiencies
  • FIG. 7 is a plot of data points for the same tires as in FIG. 6, but here the data points represent the percent of broken cords in the tires after stepped up high-speed (SUI'IS) wheel testing as against their respective glass cord tensile efficiencies.
  • SAI'IS high-speed
  • the partial cross-sectional view of the tire shows a tread portion 1 and a body or carcass portion consisting of reinforcing plies 2 and 3.
  • the crown or tread region of the tire is reinforced by breaker plies 4 and 5 which are comprised of parallel glass cords coated with rubber as shown in FIG. 1A, and as is the usual case, the cords of the respective breaker plies are oppositely directed.
  • FIG. IA a number of the cords in breaker plies 4 and 5 are depicted with breaks therein, and it may be noticed that the breaks are shown as occurring in clusters. This is intended to be illustrative of the fact that broken glass cords frequently occur in localized regions of the breaker structure.
  • the carcass plies 2 and 3 are comprised of parallel cords made of a material other than glass, and, thus, no broken cords are shown.
  • the chart of FIG. 2 illustrates typical unplied and plied glass cord constructions, the numerical designations used to describe the various constructions, and the processing steps in the manufacture of the cord structures.
  • the cord cross sections shown are labeled G15, G-110, G75, G75-5/0, G30, G30-1/0, and G30-l/3.
  • the G designates the diameter of the individual filaments of glass from which the cord is made; a G-size filament has a diameter of 0.00036 of an inch.
  • the number which immediately follows the filament size designation indicates the number of hundreds of yards of strand required to obtain a weight of one pound; thus, 1,500 yards of G15 strand will weigh one pound and the strand will consist of 2040 filaments.
  • a G-5/0 cord is an unplied cord and is one which is made from five G75 strands which are twisted together in a single direction; on the other hand, a G30-1/3 cord is one which is made from three strands that are separately twisted in one direction and which are then plied together and twisted in the opposite direction to form a plied cord.
  • the manufacture of glass tire cord comprises a number of distinct steps as is illustrated by the chart of FIG. 2.
  • the strand is formed by spinning the appropriate number of G-size filaments. The spinning is accomplished by causing molten glass to flow through a number of equally sized holes in a bushing, the number of holes corresponding to the number of filaments in the strand. If, for example, a G75 strand were being made, the bushing would contain 408 holes to make the necessary 408 filaments. As the filaments leave the bushing, they solidify and a sizing composition is then applied to them, after which they are brought together and given a very slight twist during the process of being wound on a spool in the form of a stand.
  • the strand is then caused to undergo a dipping and drying process wherein the strand is coated with a composition designed to promote the adhesion of the glass to the rubber in which it is eventually embedded.
  • the strand is respooled and is twisted alone or with other strands. In the case of unplied cord, this completes the cord manufacturing process.
  • the strand in the case of plied cord, the strand must be respooled, plied with other strands, and twisted together in a direction opposite to the initial twist direction in order to complete the cord manufacturing process.
  • the tensile efficiency of a glass cord for use as a reinforcement element in a pneumatic tire is defined by the inventors as the ratio, which may be expressed as a percentage, of the actual in-rubber tensile strength of the cord divided by its theoretical, calculated tensile strength, on, expressed mathematically,
  • TE is the tensile efficiency expressed as a percentage
  • TS is the in-rubber tensile strength of the particular cord
  • TS is its theoretical, calculated tensile strength
  • the test sample that is ultimately pulled in the tensile-testing machine to detennine the in-rubber tertsile strength of the glass cord contained therein consists of three parallel glass cords cured in a sufficient amount of rubber to insure that each cord is surrounded completely by rubber at least equal in thickness to the cord diameter. It is essential that the test sample be prepared in a manner that will assure that the cords are parallel, evenly spaced, under equal tension during cure of the surrounding rubber medium, and surrounded by sufficient rubber.
  • the rubber compound used is not critical, provided however that the compound must be of the type normally used to coat reinforcement cords of pneumatic tires and must contain such ingredients as will provide reasonable rubber to glass cord adhesion. Such rubber compounds are known and are believed by the inventors to be within the skill of the art.
  • FIG. 3 Illustrated in FIG. 3 is the method for constructing samples of rubber reinforced with glass cord to be tested for in-rubber tensile strength.
  • the rubber compound to be used is calendered, at a thickness of at least one and one-half times the diameter of the cord to be tested, on holland cloth.
  • a metal plate 10 is provided on which are place, on opposite sides thereof, two layers 11 and 12 of the calendered rubber from which the holland cloth has been stripped. Rubber layers 11 and 12 may be caused to adhere to plate 10 by application of slight pressure. Plate is provided with V-shaped grooves 13 which serve to maintain the position of the continuous glass cord 14 that is helically wound around plate 10, and thus, over rubber layers 11 and 12. During winding of the glass cord 14, it is maintained at a constant tension and the.
  • a three-cord test sample is then made as illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the two outer cords 20 and 21 of the three-cord test sample are cut through at the midpoint of their length, leaving the center cord for tensile determination.
  • the threeecord test sample is placed in a tensile-testing. machine and the sample pulled at the rate of 2 inches per minute until the center cord breaks; the tensile force at break is recorded. Throughout the process of preparing and testing the glass cord test samples, care must be taken to prevent vit from being flexed, bent or twisted.
  • Theabove equation is believed to be fairly well known in the textile art, and as written, is only applicable to perfectly elastic filaments, glass being considered to be one of such filaments.
  • the derivation of the equation is based on certain assumptions. They are: (1) that the cord is uniform along its length and has a circular cross section; (2) that all the filaments in the cord also have circular cross sections and possess equal, uniform properties; (3) that each filament forms a circular helix the center of which coincides with the axis of the cord; (4) that the filaments fall in a rotationally symmetric array in the cross-sectional view; (5) thatthe diameter of the cord is large compared with the filament diameters; (6) that the filaments are very long relative to their diameters; and (7) that the filaments are incapable of supporting bending moments, torsional moments, and shear, and that they can therefore carry only axial tensile loads.
  • the data for each particular cord containedin the table isthe 75 average of measurements made on each of the two tires.
  • the glass cord in all of the tires was used as a-reinforcement material for a two-ply breaker structure, the carcass plies of the tires being reinforced with polyester cord and being of normal full strength for bias-type passenger car tires withouta breaker. After the tires were cured and before they .were placed on the test wheel, that is, when they were new,the tires were X-rayed to determine the percent broken glass cords.
  • the tire to be tested is mounted on the axle of the test wheel, inflated to its normal air pressure, and pressed against the face of the test-wheel with a load force equal to 78 percent of its rated load at such normal air pressure.
  • the tire is then rotated at a speed of 60 miles per hour. At the end of one hour, the speed is stepped up to 70 m.p.h. At the end of another hour, the speed is increased to 80 mph. and then to 90 mph, and, finally, to 95 mph
  • the percent broken glass cords was again determined in the manner described above.
  • the first column contains a letter designation for each of the two-tire sample groups.
  • the second column describes the glass cord construction used as a reinforcement element in the breakers of the tires of the respective groups.
  • the third and fourth columns indicate, respectively, the twist product and the number of glass filaments in each of the various cord constructions.
  • the fifth column the actual in-rubber tensile strength of the various cords is shown; the values shown in the sixth column are calculated from those in fifth column and are the actual in-rubber tensile strength for the cords as expressed in terms of pounds per 204 G-size glass filaments.
  • Theoretical tensile strengths for the various cords are contained in the seventh column of the table.
  • the precent tensile efficiency for the various cords is expressed in the eighth column and is the ratio of the respective values in the sixth column to those in the seventh column, multiplied by 100 percent.
  • the percent broken cords both before and after the SUI-IS test are given.
  • the tenth column contains designations of cord quality based on test wheel performance; those tires which had 0, or almost 0, percent broken cords before the SUI-IS test and a very low percentage of broken cords after the test are labeled good," and those tires with higher broken cord percentages are labeled bad;" group E tires were considered to be questionable because of the 7.9 percent broken cords after the SUI-IS test, notwithstanding percent broken cords before the test. It is readily apparent from the table of data that only tires having tensile efficiencies greater than 75 percent had no broken cords before the SUI-IS test, and very low percentages of broken cords thereafter. Furthermore, this is true for glass cord constructions having twist products varying from zero to and including 0.300 turns.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown a graph of the theoretical, calculated glass cord tensile strength per 204 G- size filaments versus cord twist product. More specifically, the curve drawn as a solid line is a graph of equation (2) with the axial force P on the cord being calculated in terms of tensile strength per 204 filaments. The independent variable plotted along the abscissa of the graph is taken to be the twist product 2RT of the cord.
  • a cord having 204 G-size filaments is known to have a radius R of 0.0026 of an inch; since P is to be expressed as a tensile strength, in pounds, per 204 filaments, it is necessary that R be fixed at this value.
  • the glass filaments are assumed to be made from electrical-type (E- type) glass which has a known modulus of elasticity E of 10.5 x pounds per in. and a known elongation at break e of 4.8 percent.
  • E- type electrical-type glass which has a known modulus of elasticity E of 10.5 x pounds per in. and a known elongation at break e of 4.8 percent.
  • the factor T is the cord twist in turns per inch.
  • the broken line in the graph of FIG. 5 is a curve of 75 percent of P, that is, every point on the broken line curve corresponding to a particular twist product is equal to 75 percent of the calculated tensile strength for that particular cord twist product. Furthermore, if the ordinate of the graph is the inrubber tensile strength per 204 G-size filaments, then the brokenline curve is one for 75percent tensile efficiency. This means that glass cords with tensile efficiencies greater than 75 percent will fall within the region above the broken line curve, and those with tensile efficiencies less than 75 percent will fall within the region below the broken line curve.
  • FIG. 5 contains a plot of points obtained from the table of data.
  • the data points are determined by the in-rubber tensile strength (pounds per 204 G-size filaments) and the twist product for each of the two-tire sample groups. Those data points which reflect tire groups having good glass cord quality are shown as unfilled circles, and those which reflect tire groups having bad" glass cord quality are shown as filled circles.
  • the data point for the questionable group E is indicated by a partially filled circle. From FIG. 5, it may be seen that all of the data points for tires having good" glass cord quality are located above the 75 percent tensile efficiency curve, as is the questionable data point.
  • FIG. 6 In order to further illustrate the benefits obtained from glass cord having a tensile efi'iciency greater than 75 percent another plot of data points is shown in FIG. 6. These data points reflect the percent of broken cords in new tires, as against their respective tensile efficiencies, for each two-tire group listed in the table of data. A vertical broken line is drawn at 75 percent tensile efficiency. All of the two-tire groups having glass cord with a tensile efficiency greater than 75 percent may be seen to have zero percent broken cords. In addition, none of the two-tire groups having tensile efficiencies less than 75 percent had 0 percent broken cords, but rather, the percent broken cords was generally much higher for these groups.
  • FIG. 7 further illustrates the benefits derived from glass cord having a tensile efficiency greater than 75 percent.
  • FIG. 7 is similar to FIG. 6, except that the data points reflect percent broken cords after the SUI-IS test as against tensile efficiency. It is apparent that the percent broken cords for twotire groups having glass cord tensile efficiencies greater than 75 percent is substantially less than that for the other tire groups. Furthermore, of the tire groups having glass cord tensile efficiencies greater than 75 percent, the worst from the standpoint of percent broken cords after the SUHS test was the questionable group E.
  • Filament length uniformity is known to have a significant effect on the stress distribution among the filaments, the stress distribution affecting in-rubber tensile strength. Where the glass cord is of plied construction, ply length unifomiity is also of importance. From the standpoint of stress transfer among the cord filaments, the type and quality of the sizing application, the type of dip and dip penetration, the spacing of the cords in .the surrounding rubber medium, and the rubber quality may all have an effect on the in-rubber tensile strength. In addition, moisture is also known to afiect the in-rubber tensile strength of glass cord.
  • a glass cord for use as a reinforcement element in a pneumatic tire said cord being comprises of a plurality of glass filaments, said cord having a twist product within the range from zero to and including 0.300 turns, and said cord having a tensile efficiency greater than 7.5. percent.
  • a glass cord for use as a reinforcement element in a pneumatic tire said cord being comprised of a plurality of glass filaments, said cord having a twist product within the range from zero to and including 0.300 turns, and the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the in-rubber tensile strength of said cord to its theoretical tensile strength being at least 75 percent, the in-rubber tensile strength being the tensile strength at break of the center cord of a test sample consisting of three parallel glass cords embedded in vulcanized rubber, the test sample being pulled at the rate of two inches per minute in a tensile-testing machine, and the theoretical tensile strength of said cord being calculated from the equation where P is the total axial force carried by the cord at break, where E is the modulus of elasticity for the type of glass from which the cord is made, where E is the breaking strain, or percent elongation at break for the glass cord filaments, where R is the radius of the cord, and where T is the twist in the cord.
  • a pneumatic tire containing a glass cord comprised of a plurality of filaments, said cord having a twist product within the range from zero to and including 0.300 turns, and said cord having a tensile efficiency greater than 75 percent.
  • a breaker reinforced with glass cord comprised of a plurality of filaments, said cord having a twist product within the range from zero to and including 0.300 turns, and said cord having a tensile efficiency greater than 75 percent.
  • a pneumatic tire containing a breaker reinforced with glass cord comprised of a plurality of filaments, said cord having a twist product within the range from zero to and including 0.300 turns, and said cord having a tensile efficiency greater than 75 percent.

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US789217A 1969-01-06 1969-01-06 Glass cord reinforcement of elastomeric articles Expired - Lifetime US3554260A (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3603071A (en) * 1970-04-22 1971-09-07 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Cords for annular reinforcing tire belts
US3772871A (en) * 1970-11-13 1973-11-20 Fiverel Glass reinforcement cords
US3844327A (en) * 1972-04-10 1974-10-29 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Vulcanizable elastomeric sheet containing cord reinforcement
US3851693A (en) * 1972-12-29 1974-12-03 Bridgestone Tire Co Ltd Radial tire
US3851692A (en) * 1972-12-29 1974-12-03 Bridgestone Tire Co Ltd Pneumatic tires
US3854515A (en) * 1972-06-28 1974-12-17 Bridgestone Tire Co Ltd Radial tire having polyester cord breaker
US4832102A (en) * 1987-06-15 1989-05-23 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Pneumatic tires
US5378206A (en) * 1990-04-27 1995-01-03 Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd. Toothed belt having twisted core wire
US6305452B1 (en) * 1999-06-01 2001-10-23 Bridgestone Corporation Pneumatic radical tire for passenger car with carcass ply cut-out zone
US20050260406A1 (en) * 2000-12-19 2005-11-24 Franco Cataldo Method to make radiopaque a reinforcing layer for a manufactured product made of elatomeric material and manufactured product comprising said layer

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2184326A (en) * 1936-07-22 1939-12-26 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Tire
US2224274A (en) * 1938-08-26 1940-12-10 Milton A Powers Fabric material
US2631463A (en) * 1946-11-12 1953-03-17 Dayton Rubber Company Cord belt
US3029590A (en) * 1958-12-30 1962-04-17 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Extensible fibrous glass textile strand structure and method of making same
US3311152A (en) * 1965-04-30 1967-03-28 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Tire construction employing novel reinforcing system
US3391052A (en) * 1964-10-26 1968-07-02 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Glass fibers treated for combination with elastomeric materials and method
US3395529A (en) * 1964-04-01 1968-08-06 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Reinforcement cord and method of making same
US3433689A (en) * 1965-04-26 1969-03-18 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method of building reinforced tire construction

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2184326A (en) * 1936-07-22 1939-12-26 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Tire
US2224274A (en) * 1938-08-26 1940-12-10 Milton A Powers Fabric material
US2631463A (en) * 1946-11-12 1953-03-17 Dayton Rubber Company Cord belt
US3029590A (en) * 1958-12-30 1962-04-17 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Extensible fibrous glass textile strand structure and method of making same
US3395529A (en) * 1964-04-01 1968-08-06 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Reinforcement cord and method of making same
US3391052A (en) * 1964-10-26 1968-07-02 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Glass fibers treated for combination with elastomeric materials and method
US3433689A (en) * 1965-04-26 1969-03-18 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method of building reinforced tire construction
US3311152A (en) * 1965-04-30 1967-03-28 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Tire construction employing novel reinforcing system
US3390714A (en) * 1965-04-30 1968-07-02 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Tire reinforcing system

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3603071A (en) * 1970-04-22 1971-09-07 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Cords for annular reinforcing tire belts
US3772871A (en) * 1970-11-13 1973-11-20 Fiverel Glass reinforcement cords
US3844327A (en) * 1972-04-10 1974-10-29 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Vulcanizable elastomeric sheet containing cord reinforcement
US3854515A (en) * 1972-06-28 1974-12-17 Bridgestone Tire Co Ltd Radial tire having polyester cord breaker
US3851693A (en) * 1972-12-29 1974-12-03 Bridgestone Tire Co Ltd Radial tire
US3851692A (en) * 1972-12-29 1974-12-03 Bridgestone Tire Co Ltd Pneumatic tires
US4832102A (en) * 1987-06-15 1989-05-23 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Pneumatic tires
US5378206A (en) * 1990-04-27 1995-01-03 Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd. Toothed belt having twisted core wire
US6305452B1 (en) * 1999-06-01 2001-10-23 Bridgestone Corporation Pneumatic radical tire for passenger car with carcass ply cut-out zone
US20050260406A1 (en) * 2000-12-19 2005-11-24 Franco Cataldo Method to make radiopaque a reinforcing layer for a manufactured product made of elatomeric material and manufactured product comprising said layer

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FR2027824A1 (fr) 1970-10-02
DE2000341A1 (de) 1970-07-23
BE744039A (fr) 1970-07-06

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Effective date: 19860801