US3568771A - Method and apparatus for lifting foaming crude by a variable rpm submersible pump - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for lifting foaming crude by a variable rpm submersible pump Download PDF

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Publication number
US3568771A
US3568771A US817090A US3568771DA US3568771A US 3568771 A US3568771 A US 3568771A US 817090 A US817090 A US 817090A US 3568771D A US3568771D A US 3568771DA US 3568771 A US3568771 A US 3568771A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
pump
fluid
well bore
measuring
oil
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Expired - Lifetime
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US817090A
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English (en)
Inventor
Renic P Vincent
Eldon L Drake
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Centrilift Hughes Inc
Borg Warner Corp
Hughes Tool Co
Pan American Petroleum Corp
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Individual
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Assigned to CENTRILIFT-HUGHES, INC. reassignment CENTRILIFT-HUGHES, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CENTRILIFT, INC.
Assigned to HUGHES TOOL COMPANY reassignment HUGHES TOOL COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF A PART OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST Assignors: CEBTRILIFT-HUGHES INC.
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D31/00—Pumping liquids and elastic fluids at the same time
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
    • E21B43/128—Adaptation of pump systems with down-hole electric drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D13/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven for submerged use
    • F04D13/10—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven for submerged use adapted for use in mining bore holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F04D15/0066—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems by changing the speed, e.g. of the driving engine

Definitions

  • PATENTED MAR 9 IQTI SHEET 1 [IF 4 T ⁇ FREQUENCY CHANGER 4O SUBTRACTOR g QRT/AQL i VARIABLE RPM RENIC P. VINCENT ELDON L DRAKE INVENTOR.
  • FIG. 3 BY% 9 4 ATTORNEY PATENTEDHAR 919m I 3568771 suwuura "-60 MASS FLOW s4 METER g L J 1 32 F FREQENCY CONVERTOR/ RENIC P. VINCENT ELDON L. DRAKE INVENTOR.
  • This invention relates to the pumping of foamy crude oil.
  • a foamy crude oil contains gas in the form of bubbles; thus, the bulk density is low.
  • This invention relates especially to a means of varying the rpm. of a submersible pump used in pumping such foamy fluids as a function of the bulk density of the fluid being pumped.
  • Secondary recovery is production after most of the original fluid producing energy is depleted and in which a liquid or a gas is injected into the formation to give the oil the energy or the viscosity it needs to flow into the well bore. This includes the injection of a liquid such as water into one well to drive formation fluids into an output well bore from whence crude oil is produced. Foamy crude is frequently accumulated in the well bore in secondary recovery operation.
  • the third stage is called tertiary and includes some exotic type recovery, but ordinarily this third stage is not involved to any large degree in the problem of the subject invention at the present time.
  • Foamy crude oil ordinarily is a crude in which gas forms bubbles within the crude so that the bulk density of the fluid is low. This is frequently caused by natural gas present in the formation breaking out of solution. There is ordinarily natural gas in solution in the oil when found in the reservoir. However, for this oil to stay in solution form it must have at least a certain pressure. When the fluid decreases below this pressure, which sometimes is called the bubble point, the gas comes out of the solution and takes the form of bubbles. Sometimes the problem is brought on by the injection of gas as in a gas drive recovery program.
  • This invention relates to an improved system for pumping foamy crude oils.
  • a variable speed submersible pump is supported in the lower portion of a well bore and is submerged in the foamy crude to be pumped.
  • the outlet of the pump is connected to a tubular member which extends to storage and processing facilities on the surface of the earth.
  • Measuring means are provided to obtain a parameter which is a function of the density of the fluid being pumped.
  • the speed of the pump is adjusted inversely to the parameter thus measured within the limits of the pump, e.g., as the density decreases, the speed of the pump is increased.
  • means are provided to obtain the pressure of the foamy crude at two vertically spaced points in the vicinity of the submersible pump.
  • the difference in pressure is a function of the density of the fluid. This difference in pressure is converted to an electrical or mechanical signal, which signals are used to control variations in the speed of the submersible pump.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of a pump submerged in a well bore and whose speed is controlled by the difference in pressure between two vertically spaced points in the vicinity of the pump.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a variable speed submersible pump submerged in the liquid in a borehole and including means for varying the speed of the pump in accordance with the liquid produced and also including means for varying the speed of the pump manually.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a variable speed pump submerged in a liquid in a borehole and including means to vary the speed in accordance with the pressure drop across an orifice and the pump discharge line.
  • FIG. 4 is still another embodiment and is a schematic view of a variable speed pump submerged in a liquid in a borehole and including means to vary the speed of the pump inversely as the mass of the fluid pumped.
  • FIG. 1 Shown thereon is a well bore 10 drilled in the earth and completed in a productive zone 12. Borehole 10 is normally provided with a casing 14 set in the borehole and cemented therein and having perforations 16 through which fluid flows into the well bore. Fluid 19 flows into the well bore from productive zone 12 and rises to a level indicated at 18. Submerged in the liquid 19 in well gore I0 is a variable speed centrifugal pump 20. The outlet of this pump is connected through a vertical tubing 22, through a conventional well head assembly 24 in the top of casing 14. Discharge line 22 extends laterally out of the well head as discharge conduit 26. Details of the sealing means, etc. are not shown as they are well-known.
  • pump 20 is an assembly which includes both a submersible centrifugal pump and an electric motor. Energy for the motor is passed from any suitable unit at the surface over electrical conductors within cable 30.
  • Pump assembly 20 includes a motor of the type in which the rotational speed varies as a function of the frequency of the applied voltage. This energizing voltage is received over the conductors within power cable 30 which is connected at the surface to a frequency changer 32.
  • a frequency changer or frequency converter, is commercially available from many sources such as the Borg-Warner Controls Division of Borg-Warner Corporation in Santa Ana, California.
  • a suitable frequency changer is designated by Borg-Warner Corporation as Solid- State Adjustable Frequency Drives.
  • the frequency changer may include a rectifier for converting received AC voltage to a DC voltage, an inverter with a frequency control for producing an AC output voltage of a desired frequency, and a transformer, or other voltage amplitude regulating unit, to afford regulation of the amplitude of the inverter AC output voltage.
  • the inverter frequency can be regulated by hand, such as a knob which regulates the effective value of a component in an oscillator circuit, or the frequency can be adjusted automatically in response to variation in one characteristic of an electrical signal received from a unit such as subtractor 44.
  • such frequency changers are readily available to provide an output frequency of from 0 to 200 Hz. when energized by commercially available power sources.
  • a cable 34 is coupled to the input side of frequency changer 32 to apply has upper and lower limit sets so that the pump will operate with its prescribed operational limitations.
  • the signals from the pressure sensor are transmitted to subtractor 44 which provides an output signal which is proportional or indicative of the difference in pressure as measured by pressure sensors 36 and 38.
  • This output signal is amplified as necessary and is used to adjust frequency setting on the frequency changer 32.
  • the feature can be built into the frequency changer or means can be provided to adjust the setting on the frequency changer.
  • the output signal from subtractor 44 can be fed to a drive means 45 which may be a potentiometer whose shaft position is a function of the input signal. The shaft then adjusts the setting of frequency changer 32.
  • the electrical signal indicative of the measured parameter is usually shown as being connected directly to the frequency converter for controlling the frequency of the output power voltage.
  • the rotational speed of a centrifugal pump driven by an AC motor varies directly with the change in frequency or cycles per second.
  • the normal 60 cycles input to a twopole, electric motor produces a rotational synchronous speed of 3,600r.p.m. Reducing the input frequency to one-half, or cycles per second, reduces the rotational speed to one-half synchronous speed or l,800r.p.m.
  • increasing the input frequency two times, or 120 cycles per second increases the rotational speed two times the synchronous speed or 7,200r.p.rn. Any intermediate level of frequency setting produces a proportionate change in rotational speed.
  • BHP N Motor characteristics are affected by changes in frequency or cycles per second. Three parameters are used in predicting motor performance at frequencies other than the normal 60- cycle input.
  • brake horsepower output BHP varies directly as the frequency.
  • the frequency setting on the frequency changer 32 is adjusted to give the proper frequency of the output power.
  • the changer 32 also adjusts the amplitude of the output voltage.
  • FIG. 2 shows a modification of the device in FIG. 1.
  • discharge conduit 26 is connected to a gas-oil separator 49.
  • the gas goes out upper outlet 43 and the liquid out a lower outlet 47.
  • the gas-oil separator is preferably one such as the gas powered heater.
  • Additives known as defoaming agents are added to the separator in order to accelerate the separation of the gas from the oil and thus break down the foam which has been pumped.
  • the liquid output goes through a meter 46 to storage facilities not shown.
  • Meter 46 provides an output signal on line 48 which is indicative of the oil being produced.
  • the signal increases and increases the output frequency of changer 32. This in turn increases the output of the subsurface pump until the prescribed or preset volume of liquid is produced. Obviously, there must be upper limits set on the pump r.p.m. which take over in the event that the well is incapable of producing the preset volume of liquid.
  • a power source is connected through switch 33A, when in its No. 1 position, to frequency converter 32.
  • the output from converter 32 is conducted through switch 338, when in its No. 1 position, to the power cable connected to pump 20. This is the position of the switches when it is desired to have automatic control of pump 20.
  • FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of this invention.
  • the pressure sensors instead of having the pressure sensors at the bottom as in FIG. 1, we measure the pressure drop across the orifice in orifice plate 50 in outlet 26.
  • Pressure lines 52 and 54 on either side of orifice plate 50 are connected to a differential pressure measuring divice 56.
  • output of the differential pressure measuring device is an electrical signal which varies as a function of the differential pressure. This electrical signal is applied over line 58 to frequency changer 32.
  • the pressure drop across orifice plate 50 is a function of the density of the fluid going therethrough.
  • the speed of pump 20 is controlled as a function of the density of the pumped fluid.
  • FIG. 4 shows still another embodiment of this invention.
  • the speed of the motor of submerged pump assembly 20 is determined by a measurement of the mass of the discharge fluid.
  • the discharge from line 26 goes to a mass flow meter 60 which has an output signal which varies as a function of the mass.
  • This output signal controls the frequency changer 32.
  • the frequency of the output of frequency changer 32 varies inversely as the mass of the fluid flowing through discharge line 26. As the mass decreases, the frequency increases so that pump 20 is turned at a higher r.p.m.
  • Mass flow meter 60 can be any of the commercially available flow meters which determine and record the mass of the fluid flowing through a line rather than mere volume.
  • the mass flow meter can also take the form of a tank 62 supported by scales 64.
  • Conduit 26 is connected to tank 62 by a flexible connector 61. As the mass flowing through tank 62 varies, the weight determined by scale 64 varies accordingly.
  • the output from scale 64 can be in the form of an electrical signal or a mechanical linkage to vary the setting on frequency changer 32.
  • a method of producing a foamy petroleum fluid from a well bore with a variable speed speed pump which comprises:
  • a method of producing a foamy petroleum fluid from a well bore with a variable speed, centrifugal pump which comprises:
  • a method of producing foamy petroleum fluid from a well bore with a variable speed pump which comprises:
  • An apparatus for producing a foamy petroleum fluid from a well bore which comprises:
  • variable speed, centrifugal pump located in said well bore
  • conduit means extending from said pump to the surface
  • the means for measuring the parameter includes two vertically spaced apart pressure sensors positioned in the petroleum fluid in the well bore and means for obtaining the differential pressure between the two pressure sensors.
  • An apparatus for producing foamy petroleum fluid from a well bore which comprises:
  • variable speed pump suspended in said well bore
  • an oil-gas separator located on the surface
  • conduit means connecting the discharge of said pump to said oil-gas separator
  • An apparatus for producing a foamy petroleum fluid from a well bore which comprises:
  • measuring means for obtaining a parameter which is a function of the density of the fluid being pumped
  • measuring means includes two vertically spaced pressure sensors submerged in the fluid signal within said well bore in the vicinity of said pump, and means using a signal representing the difference in pressure between said pressure sensors to control the frequency output of said frequency changer.
  • measuring means includes a discharge conduit connected to said fluid-carrying conduit, an orifice plate having an orifice therein and placed within said discharge conduit; and Ap means measuring the pressure drop across said orifice plate, said Ap means including means to adjust the frequency output of said frequency changer as an inverse function of the pressure drop across said orifice plate.
  • measuring means includes a mass flow meter fluidly connected to said fluid-carrying conduit.
  • An apparatus for producing foamy petroleum crude from a well bore comprising a variable speed centrifugal pump, first means for measuring a parameter of the well fluid indicative of the density of the fluid, and means connected to said pump for varying said speed thereof in response to the parameter measured by said first means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
US817090A 1969-04-17 1969-04-17 Method and apparatus for lifting foaming crude by a variable rpm submersible pump Expired - Lifetime US3568771A (en)

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US81709069A 1969-04-17 1969-04-17

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US (1) US3568771A (de)
AT (1) AT296919B (de)
BR (1) BR7016792D0 (de)
DE (1) DE2016175C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2039241B1 (de)
NL (1) NL7002914A (de)

Cited By (58)

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FR2039241B1 (de) 1973-08-10
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FR2039241A1 (de) 1971-01-15
DE2016175A1 (de) 1970-10-22
DE2016175C3 (de) 1973-10-18
NL7002914A (de) 1970-10-20
BR7016792D0 (pt) 1973-01-23

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